Coursework

Structures A

Chamila Rukshan Perera

Level 2

Northshore College of Business and Technology

  Stress Serviceabilit Ultimate load
y Load stress stress

Self weight of the slab on beam 24 * 0.15 * 1.5 5.4 7.29

Self weight of beam 24 * 0.5 * 0.225 2.7 3.645
Partitions on beam 3 * 1.5 4.5 6.075
Wall on beam 21 * 0.225 * (3-.500) 11.8125 15.946875
Imposed loads 2.5 * 1.5* 3.75 5.625

Part 1

Beam b4
  Stress ( force per unit Serviceability Load Ultimate Load
length)
Self weight of the slab 24 * 0.15 * 1.5 * 2 *6 64.8 87.48
 Self weight of beam 24 * 0.5 * 0.225 *6 16.2 21.87
Partitions on beam 3 * 1.5 *2*6 54 72.9
Wall on beam     0
Imposed loads 2.5 * 1.5*6*2 45 67.5
Total load 180 249.75

Total load b4 = 2 * (180) = 360 kN

  Stress Serviceabilit Serviceability Ultimate load

y stress Load
Self weight of the 24 * 0.15 * 1.5 *6 5.4 32.4 48.6
slab
Self weight of 24 * 0.5 * 2.7 16.2 24.3
beam 0.225*5.5
Partitions on 3 * 1.5*6 4.5 27 40.5
beam
Wall on beam 21 * 0.225 * 11.8125 64.96875 97.453125
(3-.500) *6
Imposed loads 2.5 * 1.5*6 3.75 22.5 33.75
Total Load   163.06875 244.603125
         
         

Beam B1
B1 (a)

  Stress Serviceability Load Ultimate load

Self weight of the slab 0   0

Self weight of beam 24 * 0.5 * 0.225 *6 16.2 21.87
Partitions on beam 0   0
Wall on beam 21 * 0.225 * (3-.500)*5.5 64.96875 87.7078125
Imposed loads 0   0
    81.16875 109.5778125
  Load from b1 70.71429 98.11607
  Total Load 151.88304 207.6938825
Total Load on b1 = 163.06875+151.8830 = 314.95179 kN

Beam B2
Total Load on b4 = ½ * Load on b4

= 180 kN

Beam B3
  Stress Serviceabilit Serviceability Ultimate load
y Load stress Load
Self weight of the slab 24 * 0.15 * 5.4 32.4 48.6
on beam 1.5
Self weight of beam 24 * 0.5 * 2.7 16.2 24.3
0.225
Partitions on beam 3 * 1.5 4.5 27 40.5
Wall on beam 0 0 0 0
Imposed loads 2.5 * 1.5* 3.75 22.5 33.75
Load transfer from B3   98.1 147.15
      90 124.875
      188.1 272.025

Total Load of B3 = 188.1 *2 =376.2

Beam B5
B5(a)

  Stress Serviceability Load Serviceability Ultimate load

stress Load
Self weight of 0 0 0 0
the slab on
beam
 Self weight of 24 * 0.5 * 2.7 16.2 24.3
beam 0.225
Partitions on 0 0 0 0
beam
Wall on beam 0 0 0 0
Imposed loads 0 0 0 0
      16.2 24.3
Load transfer     109.2857 151.6339088
from B3
      96.42857 133.7946409
      221.91427 309.7285496

B5(b)

  Stress Serviceability Serviceability Load Ultimate load

stress
Self weight of the 24 * 0.15 * 1.5 5.4 64.8 97.2
slab on beam
Self weight of 24 * 0.5 * 2.7 16.2 24.3
beam 0.225
Partitions on 3 * 1.5 4.5 54 81
beam
Wall on beam 0 0 0 0
Imposed loads 2.5 * 1.5* 3.75 45 67.5
      180 270

Total Load of B5 = 221.91427+180 = 401.91427

Beam B6

  Stress Serviceability Serviceability Ultimate load

stress Load
Self weight of 0 0 0 0
the slab on
 beam
Self weight of 24 * 0.5 * 2.7 16.2 24.3
beam 0.225
Partitions 0 0 0 0
Wall on beam 21 * 0.225 11.8125 67.33125 100.996875
* (3-.500)
Imposed loads 0 0 0 0
      83.53125 125.296875
         
Load from b3     90 124.875
      173.53125 250.171875
 Total Load of B3     347.0625 500.34375

Loads on Columns

C1 = 126.60137 kN

From beam b1 61.85644

from beam b6 64.74493
126.60137 kN

C2= 277.7232 kN

From beam b1 L 101.5266

From beam b2 R 107.1216
From beam b3 69.075
277.7232 kN
C3 = 267.25524 kN

From beam b6 b 112.3331

From beam b6 above 96.47035
from beam b5 58.45179
267.25524
 C4 = 485.4506 kN

From beam b3 below 119.025

From beam b3 above 102.375
From beam b5 L 142.5028
From beam b5 R 121.5478
485.4506

Part 2

Shear force diagram for Beam B1

Point Load at node 2 = 70.71

Beam column connections are considered as pin connection

Bending Moment Diagram for Beam B1

Shear Force Diagram for Beam B3

The Beam Column connection at the continuing side was considered as a fix connection and the other
connections are considered as pin connections.

Point Load on node 2 = 124.88 kN

Bending Moment Diagram for Beam B3

Deflection for Beam B1

Maximum Deflection = 3142.8

Deflection of Beam B3

Maximum Deflection = 2354.973

Design of Column C4

References Calculation Output

Height between end restraints,
(for ground floor columns)
Icy = 3.0 m , lcz=2.5
lc is the clear distance of the columns in a given direction
IStructE manual The end connections
(5.5.2.1)
EN 1990 Ψ0 = 0.7
(table A1.1)
EN 1991-1-1 αA = 5/7 Ψ0+A0/A ≤ 1.0
(6.3.1.2(10)) =5/7 * 0.7 + 12/(6*6)
= 0.8333 ≤ 1.0
≥0.6 ; hence ok
(6.3.1.2(11)) αn = (2+(n-2) Ψ0)/n
 n=2
αn = 1
Load from b3 = 240.279 N = 1200.592
Load from b5 = 353.942
Load from one floor = 594.221
Load from column(self weight) = 9*1.35
N = 1200.592
Design of reinforcement
IStructE Manual Main reinforcement
(Appendix C)
N/bhfck = (1200.592 * 103)/(500*300*25)
0.32247

9.5.2(2) But As,min = 0.1NEd/fyd or 0.004 Ac

0.1NEd/fyd=0.1*1200.592*103/(460/1.15)
=300.148
SLNA 0.004Ac = .004*(500*300) = 600 mm2
As,min= 600 mm2
Use 4T16(As=804.24771 mm2 > As,min) 4T16
Asc = 600 mm2
9.5.3(1) Design of links
9.5.3(3)
Bar diameter = 6mm ≥ max{6mm; (16/4)=4mm)

Bar spacing = 320mm ≤min{20φmin = 20*16 = 320}

Use T6 @ 320 mm Links
T16 @ 320 mm

Design of Beam B3 for Flexure

Reference Calculations Output

Design for hogging moment

cnom = 25 + 10 = 35 mm

Assuming a link diameter of 10 mm and a

reinforcement size of 25 mm, the effective depth will
be

D = 500 – 35 – 10 – 25/2 = 442.5

The beam behaves as a rectangular beam
b=225 mm , d=442.5 mm, M= 175 kNm
Eq A.5 K = M/bd2fyk
= (175 * 106) / {(225)(442.5)2(25)}

= 0.1588 < 0.167 ; hence slightly reinforced

Eq A.6 z = d[0.5+(0.25-k/1.134)0.5]
= 442.5(0.5 + (0.25-0.1588/1.134)0.5]
= 367.987 < (0.95)(442.5) =420.375

So take z as 367987
Eq A.9 As = M/0.87*fykz Use 2T25 & 1T16
= (175 * 106)/(0.87 * 460 *367.987) (1182.80 mm2)
= 1188.3065
Use 2T25 & 1T16
(1182.80 mm2)

Design for sagging

The beam behaves as a flanged T beam
M=185.315 kNm

beff = Σ beff + bw ≤ b
beff,i = 0.2 bi + 0.1 l0 ≤ 0.2 l0

on both sides slab span length is equal

beff,1 = beff,2

b1 =(3 -.225) / 2 = 1.3875m

lo=0.85* 6 = 5.1 m

b2 = (6-2.25)/2 =2.8875

beff,1 = (0.2*1.3875) + (0.1 * 5.1) = 0.7875 m

0.2lo = 1.02 m
beff,1 < b1, 0.2lo

so beff,1 = 0.7875 m

beff,2 = (0.2 * 2.8875) + (0.1 * 5.1) = 1.0875

beff = Σ beff + bw
= (1.02 + 0.7875)+ 0.225
= 2.0325 m4

Assume that the neutral axis is within the flange

K = M/bd2fck
 = (185.315 * 106) / {(2032.5)(442.5)2(25)}

= 0.0186 < 0.167 ; hence slightly reinforced

z = d[0.5+(0.25-k/1.134)0.5]
= 442.5(0.5 + (0.25-0.0186/1.134)0.5]
= 435.1189 > (0.95)(442.5) =420.375

So take z as 420.375

x = (d-z)/0.4

x = (442.5-420.375)/0.4
= (55.3125)
0.8x = 44.25

Slab thickness is taken as 150 mm,hence, neutral axis is

in fact within the flange, and the beam can be designed
as a rectangular beam with b = 2.0325 m

As = M/0.87*fykz As,req= 1101.53071

= (185.315* 106)/(0.87 * 460 *420.375) mm2
= 1101.53071
Use 2T25 & 1T16 (As=1182.80 mm2) Use 2T25 & 1T16
(1182.80 mm2)

(Sagging)

Design of beam B3 for Shear

References Calculations Output

Shear check at the support

 Maximum shear force at the face of the
support

VEf = 161.570549

Crushing strength of the diagonal strut

(concrete)
6.2.3(3) VRd,max = αcwbwzv1fcd/(cotθ+tanθ)
Eq 6.9

6.2.2(6) V = 0.6 [1-fck/250] = 0.54 =v1

Eq 6.6 N fcd = .567 fck

6.2.3 (1) Z=0.9d

6.2.3 (3) αcw = 1 for non prestressed members

Assume θ = 220 for non uniformly
distributed loads

VRD,max = 238.29 > 161.5705

6.2.1 (8) Check the distance ‘d’ from the

support
VEd = 151.5546 VEd = 151.5546

Design value of shear resistance of the

concrete beam without links
6.2.2(1) VRd,c = [cRd,ck(100ρ1fck)1/3 + k1σcp]bwd
Eq 6.2.a
With a minimum of

Eq 6.2.b VRd,c = (vmin + k1σcp)bwd

σcp = NEd / Ac = 0

k = 1 + (200/d)^(.5)
d = 442.5
k = 1.672 ≤ 2.0
ρ1 = Asl/ bwd = 1182.80/225*442.5
= 0.01188 ≤ 0.02
 cRd,c = 0.18/ϒc = 0.18/ 1.5 = 0.12

k1 = 0.15

VRd,c = 24.449

Eq 6.3N Vmin = 0.035 * k 3/2 fck1/2 = 0.3783 N/mm2

(Vmin + k1σcp) bwd = 37.669

VEd = 151.5546
So shear reinforcement is necessary
Eq 6.8 VRd,s = VEd = (Asw/s)*zfywdCotϴ

Asw/s = 0.3842

It is assumed that links are of T8

diameter bars with two upright arms
(100.531 mm2)
100.531/s ≥ 0.3842 Links
s≤ 261.6631 T8 at 250 mm spacing
So provide T8 at 250 mm spacing
9.2.2(6) Maximum longitudinal spacing between
links
S1,max =0.75 (1+ cotα)
α = 900 (vertical shear links provided)
S1,max = 331.875 ≥ 250
Eq 9.4 ρw = Asw / (s.bw.sinα)
= 0.001708
Eq 9.5N ρw = (0.08*fck0.5)/fyk = 0.0009 < ρw ; hence
OK

Design of Pad Foundation for Column C4

References Calculations Output

Service load = 1483.3518

Expected total load = (1.08)*(1483.35) = 1602.0199
 kN

Required area for the base = 91602.0199/250 =

6.408

Try a base of 2.6 * 2.6 *0.5

Weight of the base = (2.6)2(0.5)*25 = 84.5 kN

Actual total load = 1567.85 kN
Bearing pressure = (1567.85)/(2.6)2
= 231.931 kN < 250 hence ok
Priliminary check on effective depth

d> 10 N0.5 = 10 * (1819.113)0.5 = 426.51 mm

Hence overall depth 500 is OK Foot size = 2.6*2.6
* 0.5
Design for bending M=462.6495

Ultimate bending pressure = (1819.113)/(2.62)

= 269.0996 kN/m2
Critical bending moment (at the face of the column)
= (269.0996)(2.6){(2.6- 0.3)/2)2(1/2) =
462.6495
Assume a cover of 40 mm (XC 4 condition) If the bar
size of 16 mm is assumed

dmin = 500 - 40 – 16 -16/2 = 436 mm

davr = 444 mm
Appendix A.2 K/ = Mbal/ bd2fck = 0.

K = M/ bd2fck
= (462.6495* 106)/(2600 * 4362 * 25)

= 0.0374426 < 0.167 ; hence singly reinforced

Eq A.6 z = d[0.5 + (0.25 – K/1.134)0.5
= 436*[0.5 + (0.25 – 0.03744/1.134)0.5
= 421.09558
z = 436*0.95=414.2 ≤ 421.09558
So take z as 414.2
Eq A.9 As = M/(0.87fykz)
= 462.6495/(0.87*460*414.2)
= 2791.032658