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THE PLANE ( )
Only one option is correct.
1. If the position vectors of three points, A, B, and C are respectively iˆ + ˆj + kˆ, 2iˆ + 3 ˆj − 4kˆ and
7iˆ + 4 ˆj + 9kˆ , then the unit vector normal to the plane containing the triangle ABC is :
31iˆ + 38 ˆj − 9kˆ 31iˆ − 38 ˆj − 9kˆ 31iˆ − 38 ˆj + 9kˆ 31iˆ + 38 ˆj + 9kˆ
(a) (b) (c) (d) .
2486 2486 2486 2486
2. A unit vector perpendicular to the plane determined by the points A(1, −1, 2), B (2, 0, −1) and R (0, 2,1) is:
1 ˆ ˆ 1
(a) ( 2i − 3 j + 6kˆ ) ( 2iˆ + ˆj + kˆ ) (c) 1 ( 3iˆ + 4 ˆj − 12kˆ ) (d) 1 ( iˆ − 3 ˆj − kˆ ) .
(b)
7 6 13 11
3. Which of the following planes bisects the line joining the points (2, 3, 4) and (6, 7, 8)?
(a) x + y + z − 15 = 0 (b) x − y + z − 15 = 0 (c) x + y − z + 15 = 0 (d) x − y − z + 15 = 0 .
x−3 y −4 z +3
4. If the straight line = = lies in the plane 5 x − y + z = a, then a is equal to :
−4 −7 13
(a) –3 (b) 2 (c) 8 (d) 9
x−4 y−2 z−k
5. The value of k such that = = lies in the plane 2 x − 4 y + z = 7 is :
1 1 2
(a) –7 (b) 4 (c) 7 (d) no real value
6. The direction cosines of the normal to the plane 6 x − 3 y − 2 z = 1 are :
6 −3 −2 −6 3 2 6 −3 −2 −6 3 2
(a) , , (b) , , (c) , , (d) , ,
49 49 49 49 49 49 7 7 7 7 7 7
7. A line joining the points (1, 2, 0) and (4, 13, 5) is perpendicular to a plane. Then, the coefficients of x,
y and z in the equation of the plane are respectively :
(a) −5, − 15,5 (b) 3, –11, 5 (c) 3, 11, 5 (d) 5, 15, 5
8. Let A(3, α , −9) and B (−4, α ,5) be two points A line having direction ratios 2, –6, 1 is perpendicular to
the plane passing through the origin, A and B. Then, α is equal to :
3 1 1 3
(a) (b) (c) − (d) −
2 2 2 2
2x −1 2 − y z + 1
9. If the plane 2 x − y + z = 0 is parallel to the line = = , then the value of a is :
2 2 a
(a) –4 (b) –2 (c) 2 (d) 4
10. The equation of the line passing through the point (3, 0, –4) and perpendicular to the plane
2 x − 3 y + 5 z − 7 = 0 is :
x−2 y z+4 x −3 −y z + 4 x−2 y z −4 x−3 y z −4
(a) = = (b) = = (c) = = (d) = = .
3 3 5 2 3 5 3 −3 5 2 −3 5
3x − 1 z −1
11. If the plane 3 x + y + 2 z + 6 = 0 is parallel to the line = 3− y = , then the value of 3a + 3b is:
2b a
1 3 5 5
(a) (b) (c) (d)
2 2 3 2

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x +1 y + 3 z + 7
12. The equation of a plane through the point (1, 0, − 1) and perpendicular to the line = =
2 4 −3
is :
(a) x + 3 y + 7 z = −6 (b) x + 3 y + 7 z = 3 (c) 2 x + 4 y − 3 z = 0 (d) 2 x + 4 y − 3 z = 5 .
x + 1 y z −1
13. Angle between the line = = and a normal to plane x − y + z = 0 is :
1 2 1
(a) 0° (b) 30° (c) 45° (d) 90°.
x −1 y − 2 z − 3
14. The line − = meets the plane 2 z + 3 y − z = 4 in the point:
2 3 4
(a) (−1, − 1, − 1) (b) (1, 1, 1) (c) (1, 2, 3) (d) (2, 1, 3).
15. Let P (−7, 1, − 5) be a point on a plane and let O be the origin. If OP is normal to the plane, then the
equation of the plane is:
(a) 7 x − y − 5 z + 75 = 0 (b) 7 x − y + 5 z + 75 = 0 (c) 7 x + y − 5 z + 75 = 0 (d) 7 x + y + 5 z + 75 = 0 .
x −1 y + 2 z − 3
16. The point of intersection of the line = = and the plane 2 x − y + 3 z − 1 = 0 is:
3 4 −2
(a) (−10, − 10, − 3) (b) (−10, 10, 3) (c) (10, –10, 3) (d) (10, 10, –3).
17. The line perpendicular to the plane 2 x − y + 5 z = 4 passing through the point (−1, 0, 1) is :
x +1 z −1 x +1 z −1 x +1 z −1 x +1 z −1
(a) = −y = (b) =y= (c)
= −y = (d) =y= .
2 −5 −2 −5 2 5 −2 5
x−4 y + 2 z −5
18. A line through P (−1, − 3, 2) is drawn parallel to the line = = and meets the plane
1 3 2
3 x + 4 y + 5 z = 20 at a point Q. Then, the coordinates of the point Q are :
(a) (0, 0, 4) (b) (–4, –1, 0) (c) (1, 0, –2) (d) (0, 2, 0).
x − 2 y +1 z − 2
19. The distance of the point of intersection of the line = = and the plane x − y + z = 5
3 4 12
from the point (−1, − 5, − 10) is :
(a) 9 (b) 11 (c) 13 (d) 15
20. If from a point P (a, b, c) perpendiculars PAand PB are drawn to YZ and ZX planes, then the equation
of the plane OAB is :
(a) bcx − cay − abz = 0 (b) bcx − cay + abz = 0 (c) bcx + cay − abz = 0 (d) bcx + cay + abz = 0 .
21. Find the equation of the plane through the points (2, 2, 1) and (9, 3, 6) and perpendicular to the plane
2x + 6 y + 6z = 1 :
(a) 2 x − 3 y + 4 z − 6 = 0 (b) 3 x + 4 y − 5 z − 9 = 0 (c) 4 x + 5 y − 6 z + 3 = 0 (d) x − 2 y − 3 z + 5 = 0 .
22. What is the equation of the plane through the points (–1, 1, 1) and (1, –1, 1) and perpendicular to the
plane x + 2 y + 2 z = 7 is:
(a) x + y + z = 0 (b) x − y − z = 0 (c) 2 x + 2 y − 3 z + 3 = 0 (d) 2 x − 2 y + 3 z − 3 = 0 .
23. The equation of the plane passing through (1, 1, 1) and (1, –1, –1) and perpendicular to
2 x − y + z + 5 = 0 is:
(a) x − y + z − 1 = 0 (b) x + y − z − 1 = 0 (c) 2 x + 5 y + z − 8 = 0 (d) 2 x + 5 y + z + 4 = 0 .
24. The equation of the plane passing through the point having position vector 3iˆ − ˆj − 2kˆ and
perpendicular to the vector 4iˆ + 2 ˆj + kˆ is :
(a) r . ( 3iˆ − ˆj − 2kˆ ) = 3 (b) r . ( 4iˆ + 2 ˆj + kˆ ) = 3 (c) r . ( 3iˆ − 2 ˆj − 2kˆ ) = 8 (d) r . ( 4iˆ + 2 ˆj + kˆ ) = 8 .

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25. If the position vector of the points Aand B are 3iˆ + ˆj + 2kˆ and iˆ − 2 ˆj − 4kˆ respectively, then the
equation of the plane through B and perpendicular to AB is:
(a) 2 x − 3 y + 6 z + 28 = 0 (b) 2 x + 3 y + 6 z + 28 = 0
(c) 3 x − 2 y + 6 z = 28 (d) 3 x + 2 y + 6 z = 28 .
x −1 y + 1 z x y − 2 z +1
26. The equation of the plane containing the lines = = and = = is:
2 −1 3 2 −1 3
(a) 3 x − 6 y − 4 z − 9 = 0 (b) 5 x + y − 3 z − 4 = 0 (c) 4 x − y − 3 z − 5 = 0 (d) 8 x + y − 5 z − 7 = 0 .
27. The equation of a plane which cuts equal intercepts of unit lengths on the axes, is :
(a) x + y + z = 0 (b) x + y + z = 1 (c) x + y + z + 1 = 0 (d) x + y + z = 3
28. Find the intercepts on the axes cut by the plane r .(2, −3, 4) = 12 :
(a) 2, – 3, 4 (b) 6, – 4, 3 (c) –2, 3, – 4 (d) –6, 4, – 4
29. If the plane 3 x − 2 y − z − 18 = 0 meets the coordinate axes in A, B, C then the centroid of ∆ ABC is :
(a) (1, – 6, – 3) (b) (2, – 3, – 6) (c) (3, – 2, –5) (d) (3, – 4, – 1) .
30. If the plane 7 x + 11 y + 13 z = 3003 meets the coordinates axes in A, B, C then the centroid of the
∆ ABC is :
(a) (73, 97, 148) (b) (87, 153, 94) (c) (81, 44, 93) (d) (143, 91, 77).
31. If for a plane, the intercepts on the coordinate axes are 8, 4, 4 then the length of the perpendicular from
the origin on to the plane is:
4 5 8 16
(a) (b) (c) (d) .
3 3 3 3
32. The plane 2 x + 3 y + 4 z = 1 meets the coordinate axes in A, B, C. The centroid of the triangle ABC is :
3 3 1 1 1 1 1 1 
(a)  , 1,  (b)  , ,  (c) (2, 3, 4) (d)  , ,  .
2 4 2 3 4  6 9 12 
33. If a plane meets the coordinate axes at A, B and C such that the centroid of the triangle ABC is
(1, 2, 4), then the equation of the plane is :
(a) x + 2 y + 4 z = 7 (b) x + 2 y + 4 z = 6 (c) 4 x + 2 y + z = 7 (d) 4 x + 2 y + z = 12 .
34. A plane π makes intercepts 3 and 4 respectively on z-axis and x-axis. If π is parallel to y-axis, then its
equation is :
(a) 3 x + 4 z = 1 (b) 3 z + 4 x = 1 (c) 3 x + 4 z = 12 (d) 3 z + 4 x = 12 .
35. A plane meets the coordinate axes at P, Q and R such that the position vector of the centroid of
∆ PQR is 2iˆ − 5 ˆj + 8kˆ . Then, the equation of the plane is :
(a) r . ( 20iˆ − 8 ˆj − 5kˆ ) = 84 (b) r . ( 20iˆ − 8 ˆj + 5kˆ ) = 120

(c) r . ( 20iˆ + 8 ˆj − 5kˆ ) = 96 (d) r . ( 20iˆ + 8 ˆj + 5kˆ ) = 135 .

π π π
36. The direction angles of a normal to a plane π are , , and the perpendicular length from the
4 4 2
origin is 2 . What is the equation of the plane?
z
(a) x + y = 2 (b) 2 x + y + 2 z = 2 (c) x + y + =2 (d) x + y + z = 2 2
2
37. If the foot of the perpendicular from (0, 0, 0) to a plane is (1, 2, 2), then the equation of the plane is:
(a) x − 2 y − 8 z + 9 = 0 (b) x + y + z − 5 = 0 (c) x − y + z + 5 = 0 (d) x + 2 y + 2 z − 9 = 0 .
38. The equation to the plane which is perpendicular to 2iˆ − 3 ˆj + kˆ and at a distance 5 units from the
origin is :

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x y x y 5
(a) 2 x − 3 y + z = 5 (b) − + z = 5 (c) 2 x − 3 y + z = 5 14 (d) − + z = .
2 3 2 3 14
39. The symmetric form of the equation of the line 3 x + 2 y − z − 4 = 0 = 4 x + y − 2 z + 3 is :
x −1 y + 3 z − 0 x+ 2 y −5 z −0
(a) = = (b) = =
3 −4 1 −3 2 −5
x + 3 y +1 z − 0 x−4 y−2 z −0
(c) = = (d) = −
1 1 5 −2 1 −4
40. The equation of a plane which passes through the point (1, 2, –1) and is parallel to x − y + 2 z = 0 is
given as :
(a) x − y + 2 z − 7 = 0 (b) x − y + 2 z − 4 = 0 (c) x − y + 2 z + 3 = 0 (d) x − y + 2 z + 6 = 0 .
41. The equation of the plane passing through (2, 3, 4) and parallel to the plane 5 x − 6 y + 7 z = 3 is:
(a) 10 x − 18 y + 28 z = 13 (b) 5 x − 6 y + 7 z = 20 (c) 20 x − 18 y + 14 z = 11 (d) 7 x − 6 y + 5 z = 72 .
42. Equation of the plane through (−1, −1,1) which is parallel to r . ( iˆ + ˆj + kˆ ) = 0 is:

(a) r . ( iˆ + ˆj + kˆ ) + 1 = 0 (b) r . ( iˆ + ˆj + kˆ ) − 1 = 0 (c) r . ( iˆ + ˆj + kˆ ) + 3 = 0 (d) r . ( iˆ + ˆj + kˆ ) − 3 = 0 .

( x − 1) ( y − 3) ( z − 2)
43. The distance of the point (3, 8, 2) from the line = = measured parallel to the
2 4 3
plane 3 x + 2 y − 2 z + 15 = 0 is:
(a) 2 (b) 3 (c) 6 (d) 7
44. The plane through the point (–1, –1, –1) and containing the line of intersection of the planes
r . ( iˆ + 3 ˆj − kˆ ) = 0 and r . ( ˆj + 2kˆ ) = 0 is :

(a) r . ( iˆ + 2 ˆj − 3kˆ ) = 0 (b) r . ( iˆ + ˆj − 5kˆ ) = 0 (c) r . ( iˆ + 4 ˆj + kˆ ) = 0 (d) r . ( iˆ + 5 ˆj + 3kˆ ) = 0 .

45. The equation of a plane passing through the line of intersection of the planes r . ( 2iˆ − 3 ˆj + 4kˆ ) = 1 and
r . ( iˆ − ˆj ) + 4 = 0 and perpendicular to the plane r . ( 2iˆ − ˆj + kˆ ) + 8 = 0 is :
(a) 3 x + 2 y − 4 z + 16 = 0 (b) 2 x − y − 5 z − 21 = 0
(c) 2 x + 7 y + z − 35 = 0 (d) 5 z − 2 y − 12 z + 47 = 0
46. The plane 2 x − (1 + λ ) y + 3λ z = 0 passes through the intersection of the planes :
(a) 2 x − y = 0 and y + 3 z = 0 (b) 2 x − y = 0 and y − 3 z = 0
(c) 3 x + 7 y + z − 35 = 0 (d) 5 z − 2 y − 12 z + 47 = 0 .
47. The equation of the plane through the intersection of the planes x + 2 y + 3 z − 4 = 0 and
4 x + 3 y + 2 z + 1 = 0 and passing through the origin is :
(a) 7 x + 9 y + 4 z = 0 (b) 5 x + 5 y + 5 z = 0 (c) 11x + 19 y + 8 z = 0 (d) 17 x + 14 y + 11z = 0 .
48. The equation of the plane passing through the intersection of planes 2 x − 4 y + 3 z + 5 = 0 and
x + y − z = 6 and parallel to a straight line having direction cosines 1, –1, –1 is :
(a) 2 x + 3 y − z = 6 (b) x − 3 y + 4 z = 12 (c) 2 x − 4 y + 6 z = 19 (d) x + 7 y − 6 z = 23 .
49. The equation of the plane passing through the intersection of the planes x + y + z = 6 and
2 x + 3 y + 4 z + 5 = 0 and the point (1, 1, 1) is :
(a) 4 x + 5 y + 6 z − 7 = 0 (b) x + y + 2 z + 17 = 0
(c) 20 x + 23 y + 26 z − 69 = 0 (d) 31x + 45 y + 49 z + 52 = 0 .

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 ( )BY R. K. MALIK’S NEWTON CLASSES 5
50. Find the equation of the plane containing the line 2 x − y + z − 3 = 0,3 x + y + z = 5 and at a distance of
1
from the point (2, 1, –1) :
6
(a) 26 x + 17 y + 7 z − 45 = 0 (b) 62 x + 29 y + 19 z − 105 = 0
(c) 38 x + 15 y + 11z − 92 = 0 (d) 54 x + 22 y + 17 z − 72 = 0 .
51. The line L represents the line of intersection of the planes P1 : 2 x − y + 6 z + 5 = 0 and
π
P2 : x + 2 y + 7 z − 1 = 0. If the plane P1 is rotated about the line L through an angle , then the equation
2
of this plane in the new position will be :
(a) 43 x − 124 y − 35 z + 251 = 0 (b) 39 x + 111 y + 28 z + 222 = 0
(c) 27 x − 149 y − 42 z − 195 = 0 (d) 33 x + 132 y + 37 z − 179 = 0 .
52. The equation of the plane through the intersection of the planes x + y + z = 1 and 2 x + 3 y − z + 4 = 0
and parallel to the x-axis is:
(a) y − 3 z + 6 = 0 (b) 3 y + 2 z + 6 = 0 (c) 3 y − 2 z + 6 = 0 (d) y + 3 z + 6 = 0 .
x y y z
53. A plane π containing the line − = 1, z = 0 is parallel to the line + = −1, x = 1. The intercepts
p q r p
made by the plane π on the coordinate axes are respectively :
q r pq r r qr
(a) − pq, , (b) p, − q, − (c) rq, − pq, (d) − pq, , .
r p r p q p
54. The equation of the plane passing through a point A(2, − 1, 3) and parallel to the vectors a = (3, 0, − 1)
and b = (−3, 2, 2) is :
(a) 2 x − 3 y − 6 z − 25 = 0 (b) 2 x − 3 y + 6 z − 25 = 0
(c) 2 x + 3 y − 6 z + 25 = 0 (d) 2 x + 3 y + 6 z + 25 = 0 .
55. The Cartesian form of the plane r = ( s − 2t )iˆ + (3 − t ) ˆj + (2 s + t )kˆ is:
(a) 2 x − 5 y + z + 15 = 0 (b) 2 x − 5 y − z + 15 = 0
(c) 2 x + 5 y + z − 15 = 0 (d) 2 x + 5 y − z − 15 = 0 .
56. The direction ratios of a normal to the plae passing through (0, 0, 1), (0, 1, 2) and (1, 2, 3) are :
(a) 0, 0, –1 (b) 0, –1, –1 (c) 0, 1, –1 (d) 0, –1, 1
57. The equation of a plane parallel to the plane ABC passing through the points A(−2, 2,1),
B (1, − 2, − 2) and C (4, − 2, − 3) and at a distance 2 units from it, can be :
(a) 4 x − 3 y + 8 z + 6 = 0 (b) 3 x + 4 y − 12 z + 13 = 0 (c) 6 x + 4 y − 5 z + 9 = 0 (d) 2 x − 3 y + 6 z + 18 = 0 .
58. The equation of the plane passing through the points (a, 0, 0), (0, b, 0) and (0, 0, c) is :
x y z x y z
(a) ax + by + cz = 0 (b) ax + by + cz = 1 (c) + + = 0 (d) + + = 1 .
a b c a b c
59. The equation of the plane through the points (1, 2, 3), (–1, 4, 2) and (3, 1, 1) is :
(a) 2 x + 7 y + 6 z − 11 = 0 (b) x + y + z − 17 = 0 (c) 5 x + 6 y + 2 z − 23 = 0 (d) 3 x + 2 y − z − 4 = c .
60. If θ is the angle between the planes 2 x − y + 2 z = 3 and 6 x − 2 y + 3 z = 5, then cos θ is equal to:
11 12 17 20
(a) (b) (c) (d) .
20 23 25 21
61. What is the angle between x − 2 y + 3 z = 6 and x + 2 y + z = 1 ?
π π π
(a) 0 (b) (c) (d)
4 3 2
62. The angle between the two planes 3 x − 4 y + 5 z = 0 and 2 x − y − 2 z = 5 is :

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6 ( ) BY R. K. MALIK’S NEWTON CLASSES
π π π π
(a) (b) (c) (d)
6 4 3 2
63. The angle between the planes 2 x − 3 y + 4 z = 1 and − x + y = 4 is :
 3   −5   −7   −9 
(a) cos −1  −  (b) cos −1   (c) cos −1   (d) cos −1  .
 47   58   66   74 
64. The angle between the planes 2 x − y + z = 6 and x + y + 2 z = 7 is :
π π π π
(a) (b) (c) (d)
.
6 4 3 2
65. If the planes r . ( 2iˆ − λ ˆj + 3kˆ ) = 0 and r . ( λ iˆ + 5 ˆj − kˆ ) = 5 are perpendicular to each other, then the
value of λ 2 + λ is:
(a) –2 (b) –1 (c) 0 (d) 2
66. The angle between the planes r . ( 2iˆ − ˆj + 2kˆ ) = 3 and r . ( 3iˆ − 6 ˆj + 2kˆ ) = 4 is :
3 1  4  16 
(a) cos −1   (b) cos −1   (c) cos −1   (d) cos −1   .
4 4  21   21 
67. The equation of the plane through the points (2, 3, 1) and (4, –5, 3) parallel to x-axis is :
(a) 3 x − 2 y + 2 z = 2 (b) 2 x − 7 y − 8 z = 19 (c) y + 4 z = 7 (d) x + y − 3 z = 2 .
68. The coordinates of the point where the plane parallel to x-axis and passing through the points (3, 4, 8)
and (1, 2, –1) meets the z-axis, are :
(a) (0, 0, –1) (b) (0, 0, –8) (c) (0, 0, –8) (d) (0, 0, –10).
69. The equation of the plane passing through the points (0, 1, 2) and (–1, 0, 3) and perpendicular to the
plane 2 x + 3 y + z = 5 is:
(a) 4 x − 3 y + z + 1 = 0 (b) 4 x + 3 y − 17 z + 31 = 0
(c) 3 x − 4 y + 18 z + 32 = 0 (d) 3 x + 4 y − 18 z + 32 = 0
70. The equation of the plane through the points (1, 0, –1) and (3, 2, 2) and parallel to the line
x −1 y −1 z − 2
= = is:
1 −2 3
(a) 4 x − y − 2 z = 6 (b) 4 x − y + 2 z = 6 (c) 4 x + y + 2 z = −6 (d) 4 x + y + 2 z = 6 .
71. Equation of the plane passing through the point (1, 1, 1) and perpendicular to each of the planes
x + 2 y + 3 z = 7 and 2 x − 3 y + 4 z = 0, is :
(a) 17 x − 2 y − 7 z = 12 (b) 17 x − 2 y + 7 z = 12 (c) 17 x + 2 y − 7 z = 12 (d) 17 x + 2 y + 7 z = 12 .
x−2 y −3 z −4
72. Equation of plane through the line = = and parallel to x-axis is:
2 3 5
(a) 3 y − 5 z + 3 = 0 (b) 5 z − 3 y + 3 = 0 (c) 5 y − 3 z − 3 = 0 (d) 3 z − 5 y − 3 = 0 .
73. The equation of the plane which passes through the point (3, –3, 1) and is perpendicular to the planes
7 x + y + 2 z = 6 and 3 x + 5 y − 6 z = 8, is :
(a) 2 x − 4 y − 5 z = 13 (b) 2 x − 8 y − 3 z = 27 (c) x − 3 y − 2 z = 10 (d) 4 x + 7 y + 8 z + 1 = 0 .
74. The equation of the plane passing through the points (–1, –2, 0) (2, 3, 5) and parallel to the line
r = −3 ˆj + kˆ + λ ( 2iˆ + 5 ˆj − kˆ ) is :

(a) r . ( −30iˆ + 13 ˆj + 5kˆ ) = 4 (b) r . (12iˆ − 25 ˆj + 10kˆ ) = 8

(c) r . ( 5iˆ − 20 ˆj + 6kˆ ) = 9 (d) r . ( −6iˆ + 15 ˆj − 20kˆ ) = 11

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x y z
75. What is the angle between = = and the plane 2 x − 2 y + z = 1?
2 2 1
1 1 1 1
(a) sin −1   (b) cos −1   (c) sin −1   (d) cos −1   .
9 9  3  3
x − 3 y −1 z + 4
76. The angle between the line = = and the plane x + y + z + 5 = 0 is :
2 1 −2
 1   1   2   1 
(a) sin −1   (b) sin −1   (c) sin −1   (d) sin −1  
 3 3 3   3  6
77. If θ is the angle between the plane 4 x − y + z = 1 an the line whose direction ratios are (1, –1, 1), then
sin θ is equal to :
3 6
(a) 2 3 (b) 3 6 (c) (d)
2 3
x + 1 y −1 z − 2
78. If θ is the angle between the line = = and the plane 2 x + y − 3 z + 4 = 0 , then 8
3 2 4
cosec 2 θ is equal to :
(a) 191 (b) 203 (c) 343 (d) 447
3x − 1 y + 3 5 − 2 z
79. The angle between the line = = and the plane 3 x − 3 y − 6 z = 10 is equal to :
3 −1 4
π π π π
(a) (b) (c) (d)
6 4 3 2
x +1 z+2
80. The line = y −1 = is perpendicular to 2 x + 2 y − 8 z + 5 = 0, then λ is :
λ −4
(a) –5 (b) –4 (c) –3 (d) 1
81. If P = (0, 1, 0) and Q = (0, 0, 1) , then the projection of PQon the plane x + y + z = 3 is :
(a) 2 (b) 3 (c) 2 (d) 3
82. The ratio in which the line segment joining the points (4, 8, 10) and (6, 10, –8) is divided by xy-plane
is :
(a) 3 : 2 externally (b) 5 : 4 internally (c) 4 : 3 externally (d) 5 : 3 internally
83. XOZ plane divides the join of (2, 3, 1) and (6, 7, 1) in the ratio :
(a) –3 : 7 (b) –2 : 7 (c) 2 : 7 (d) 3 : 7.
84. Coordinates of the point where the line through (5, 1, 6) and (3, 4, 1) crosses the yz-plane are :
 −17 −13   −17 13   17 −13   17 13 
(a)  0, ,  (b)  0, ,  (c)  0, ,  (d)  0, , 
 2 2   2 2  2 2   2 2
85. The angle between the line r = ( 3iˆ − 4 ˆj + kˆ ) + λ ( iˆ − ˆj + kˆ ) and the plane r . ( 2iˆ − ˆj + kˆ ) = 3 is :

 1   2  2 
−1 2 2

(a) cos −1   (b) sin −1
  (c) cos −1
  (d) sin  .
 3  3   3  3 
86. Find the equation of a plane that passes through (1, 1, 0) and is perpendicular to the line
r = (2,3, 4) + k (3, 4,5), k ∈ R :
(a) x + y − 4 z = 9 (b) 3 x + 4 y + 5 z = 7 (c) 3 z + 4 y − 12 = 0 (d) 2 x + 3 y − 4 z = 5 .
87. The ratio in which the plane r . ( iˆ − 2 ˆj + 2kˆ ) = 17 divides the line segment joining the points
3iˆ − 5 ˆj + 8kˆ and −2iˆ + 4 ˆj + 7 kˆ is :
(a) 6 : 7 (b) 12 : 13 (c) 18 : 19 (d) 22 : 23

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88. The position vector of the point where the line r = iˆ − ˆj + kˆ + t ( iˆ + ˆj − kˆ ) meets the plane
r . ( iˆ + ˆj + kˆ ) = 5 is :
(a) 2iˆ + ˆj + 2kˆ (b) 4iˆ + 2 ˆj − 2kˆ (c) 5iˆ + 3 ˆj − 3kˆ (d) 3iˆ + ˆj − kˆ
89. The angle between r = (1 + 2 µ ) iˆ + (2 + µ ) ˆj + (2 µ − 1)kˆ and the plane 3 x − 2 y + 6 z = 0 (where µ is a
scalar) is :
 8   10   12   16 
(a) cos −1   (b) sin −1   (c) cos −1   (d) sin −1  
 21   23   23   21 
90. Distance from (3, 4, 7) to the plane x + 2 y − 2 z = 9 is :
(a) 1 (b) 2 (c) 3 (d) 4
91. The distance of the point (2, 1, –1) from the plane x − 2 y + 4 z = 9 is :
13 13 13 13
(a) (b) (c) (d)
21 21 21 21
92. The distance between the planes 2 x − 2 y + z + 3 = 0 and 4 x − 4 y + 2 z + 5 = 0 is :
1 1 1 1
(a) (b) (c) (d)
2 3 6 12
93. The distance of the point (2, 3, 4) from the plane 3 x − 6 y + 2 z + 11 = 0 is :
(a) 1 (b) 2 (c) 3 (d) 4
94. Distance between the two parallel planes 4 x + 2 y + 4 z + 5 = 0 and 2 x + y + 2 z = 8 is :
4 3 5 7
(a) (b) (c) (d)
3 2 3 2
95. The distance between the planes x + 2 y − 2 z + 1 = 0 and 2 x + 4 y − 4 z + 5 = 0 is :
1 1
(a) (b) (c) 2 (d) 4
4 2
96. Equation of the plane parallel to the planes x + 2 y + 3 z − 5 = 0, x + 2 y + 3 z − 7 = 0 and equdistnat from
them is :
(a) x + 2 y + 3 z − 10 = 0 (b) x + 2 y + 3 z − 1 (c) x + 2 y + 3 z − 6 = 0 (d) x + 2 y + 3 z − 3 = 0
97. If the distance of the point (1, 1, 1) from the origin is half its distance from the plane x + y + z + k = 0,
then k is equal to :
(a) 3, –3 (b) 3, –9 (c) –3, 9 (d) 9, –9
98. If d1 , d 2 and d3 denote the distance of the plane 6 x − 2 y + 3 z + 2 = 0 from the plane
6 x − 2 y + 3 z − 4 = 0, 12 x − 4 y + 6 z + 3 = 0 and 6 x − 2 y + 3 z + 6 = 0 respectively, then:
(a) d1 + 4d 2 = 3d 3 (b) 2(d1 + 2d 2 ) = 3d3 (c) d1 − 4d 2 = d 3 (d) d1 + 2d 2 − d3 = 0 .
99. The shortest distance of the point (2, 10, 1) from the plane r . ( 3iˆ − ˆj + 4kˆ ) = 2 26 is :
1
(a) (b) 26 (c) 2 (d) 2 26
26
100. The distance between the planes given by r . ( iˆ + 2 ˆj − 2kˆ ) + 5 = 0 and r . ( iˆ + 2 j − 2kˆ ) − 8 = 0 is :
7 9 13 15
(a) (b) (c) (d)
3 4 3 4
101. The distance between the line r = ( 2iˆ + 2 ˆj − kˆ ) + λ ( 2iˆ + ˆj − 2kˆ ) and the plane r . ( iˆ + 2 ˆj + 2kˆ ) = 10 is
equal to :
(a) 1 (b) 2 (c) 3 (d) 4

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102. If (2, –1, 3) is the foot of the perpendicular drawn from the origin to the plane, then the equation of the
plane is :
(a) 2 x − y + 3 z − 14 = 0 (b) 2 x + y + −3 z + 6 = 0 (c) 2 x − y − 3 z + 4 = 0 (d) 2 x + y + 3 z − 12 = 0
103. The distance between the line r = 2iˆ − 2 ˆj + 3kˆ + λ ( iˆ − ˆj + 4kˆ ) and the plane r . ( iˆ + 5 ˆj + kˆ ) = 5 is :
10 10 10 10
(a) (b) (c) (d)
3 3 2 3 3 9
[BOOK-OBJECTIVE MATHEMATICS-DR. S. CHAND -PAGE-V-273]
104. The foot of the perpendicular from the point (7, 14, 5) to the plane 2 x + 4 y − z = 2 are :
(a) (1, 2, 8) (b) (3, 1, 8) (c) (5, –3, –4) (d) (3, –3, –8)
105. Foot of the perpendicular from (–2, 1, 4) to a plane π is (3, 1, 2). Then, the equation of the plane π is:
(a) 4 x − 2 y = 11 (b) 5 x − 2 z = 11 (c) 5 x − 2 y = 11 (d) 4 x − 2 z = 11
106. Find the distance of the point (1, –2, 3) from the plane x − y + z = 5 measured parallel to the line
x y z
= = :
2 3 −6
1 11 15
(a) 1 (b) (c) (d)
7 7 7
107. The projection of a point A(1, 2, 3) on the plane x + y + z = 15 is :
(a) (3, 2, 1) (b) (1, 2, 5) (c) (4, 5, 6) (d) (2, 2, 2)
x −1 y −1 z −1
108. If a plane passes through the point (1, 1, 1) and is perpendicular to the line − = , then its
3 0 4
perpendicular distance from the origin is :
3 4 7
(a) (b) 1 (c) (d)
4 3 5
y −7 z +7 x +1 y − 3 z + 2
109. The equation of the plane containing the lines x = = and = = is :
−3 2 −3 2 1
(a) x − 3 y + 2 z = 7 (b) x + y + z = 0 (c) 2 x + y − 3 z = 4 (d) x − 2 y − 4 z = 6
x−2 y −3 z −4 x −1 y − 2 z − 3
110. The number of values of k for which the lines = = and = = are
3 k 2 2 3 k
coplanar is :
(a) 0 (b) 1 (c) 2 (d) 3
111. The equation of the plane containing the lines x − 1 = 2 y − 4 = 3 z and 3 x − 5 = 4 y − 9 = 3 z is :
(a) 2 x − 8 y − 5 z − 8 = 0 (b) x + 4 y − 7 z + 9 = 0 (c) 4 x + y + 4 z − 11 = 0 (d) 3 x − 8 y + 3 z + 13 = 0
112. The value of λ for which the lines x − y + z + 1 = 0 = x − 3 y + 4 z + 6 and 4 x + 3 y − 2 z + 3 = 0
= λ x − 4 y + 7 z + 16 are coplanar is:
(a) 2 (b) 4 (c) 5 (d) 7.
y +1
113. The equation of the plane containing the lines 2 x − 5 y − z − 3 = 0 = 4 x − y + 5 z − 7 and x − 4 = is :
−2
(a) x + 2 y + 3 z = 2 (b) 2 x + 3 y + 4 z = 4 (c) 3 x + 2 y + z = 5 (d) 4 x + 3 y + 2 z = 9
114. The equation of the plane containing the lines x − y + z +1 = 0 = x − 3 y + 4z + 6 and
4 x + 3 y − 2 z + 3 = 0 = 7 x − 4 y + 7 z + 16 is :
(a) 2 x + 5 y − 11z + 17 = 0 (b) 3 x − 7 y + 9 z + 13 = 0
(c) x + 9 y − 3 z + 10 = 0 (d) 2 x − y + 8 z − 5 = 0

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x −1 y − 2 z − 3
115. The equation of the plane passing through the origin and containing the line = = is :
5 4 5
(a) x − 5 y + 3 z = 0 (b) 4 x + y − 2 z = 0 (c) 3 x − 9 y + 5 z = 0 (d) 2 x + 5 y − 4 z = 0
x −1 y + 1 z − 3
116. Equation of plane passing through the line = = and perpendicular to the plane
2 −1 4
x + 2 y + z = 12 is given by ax + by + cz + 4 = 0, the :
(a) a = 9, b = −2, c = −5 (b) a = 5, b = −2, c = 9 v (c) a = 3, b = −6, c = 5 (d) a = 2, b = −9, c = 5 .
x − 3 y + 4 z −1
117. The equation of the plane which contains the two parallel lines = = and
3 2 1
x +1 y − 2 z
= = is :
3 2 1
(a) 3 x + 2 y + z − 6 = 0 (b) 8 x + y − 26 z + 6 = 0 (c) 5 x − y + 13 z + 4 = 0 (d) 6 x − 2 y − 18 z − 11 = 0 .
118. A plane passing through the point (–2, –2, 2) and containing the line joining the points (1, 1, 1) and
(1, –1, 2) makes intercepts of lengths α , β , γ respectively. Then :
(a) α = 3β (b) β + 2γ = 0 (c) α + β + γ = 0 (d) α + 2 β + 2γ = 0 .
x−3 y −6 z −4
119. A plane which passes through the point (3, 2, 0) and the line = = is :
1 5 4
(a) x − y + z = 1 (b) x + y + z = 5 (c) 2 x − y + z = 5 (d) x + 2 y − z = 0
x +1 y − 3 z + 2
120. The equation of plane containing the line = = and the point (0, 7, –7) is :
−3 2 1
(a) x + y + z = 0 (b) x + 2 y + z = 7 (c) x + y − z = 14 (d) x + y + 2 z + 7 = 0
121. The bisector of the angle between the planes 3 x − 6 y + 2 z + 5 = 0 and 4 x − 12 y + 3 z − 3 = 0 which
contains the origin, is :
(a) 11x + 6 y + 5 z + 86 = 0 (b) 67 x − 162 y + 47 z + 44 = 0
(c) 24 x − 17 y − 18 z + 144 = 0 (d) 38 x + 76 y − 31z + 56 = 0
122. The image of the point (–1, 3, 4) in the plane x − 2 y = 0 is:
 17 −19   9 −13 
(a) (4, 3, –1) (b) (15, 11, –4) (c)  − , ,0 (d)  , , 4 .
 3 3  5 5 
123. The image of the point (1, 2, 3) by the plane x + y + z + 3 = 0 is :
(a) (−5, −4, −3) (b) (−5, 4, −3) (c) (5, −4, 3) (d) (5, 4,3)
124. The line of intersection of the planes r . ( iˆ + 3 ˆj + kˆ ) = 1 and r . ( 2iˆ + 5 j − 3kˆ ) = 2 is parallel to the
vector:
(a) −4iˆ + 5 ˆj + 11kˆ (b) 4iˆ + 5 ˆj + 11kˆ (c) 4iˆ − 5 ˆj + 11kˆ (d) 4iˆ − 5 ˆj − 11kˆ .
125. One of the values of k for which the planes kx + 4 y + z = 0, 4 x + ky + 2 z = 0 and 2 x + 2 y + z = 0
intersect in a straight line is :
(a) 3 (b) 4 (c) 5 (d) 6

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SOLUTIONS OF THE PLANE ( )

1. Ans. (b), The given plane contains the points A, B, C. So, it contains the vectors AB and AC given by
AB = p.v. of B − p.v. of A = ( 2iˆ + 3 ˆj − 4kˆ ) − ( iˆ + ˆj + kˆ ) = iˆ + 2 ˆj − 5kˆ

and AC = p.v. of C − p.v. of A = ( 7iˆ + 4 ˆj + 9kˆ ) − ( iˆ + ˆj + kˆ ) = 6iˆ + 3 ˆj + 8kˆ.

iˆ ˆj kˆ
A vector normal to the given plane is, r = AB × AC = 1 2 −5 = 31iˆ − 38 ˆj − 9kˆ
6 3 8
r 31iˆ − 38 ˆj − 9kˆ 31iˆ − 38 ˆj − 9kˆ
∴ A unit vector normal to the given plane is, rˆ = = = .
r 312 + (−38)2 + (−9)2 2486
2. Ans. (b), The plane containing the points A(1, − 1, 2), B (2, 0, − 1) and R (0, 2,1) contains the vectors
AR = (0 − 1) iˆ + (2 + 1) ˆj + (1 − 2)kˆ = −iˆ + 3 ˆj − kˆ
and BR = (0 − 2) iˆ + (2 − 0) ˆj + (1 + 1)kˆ = −2iˆ + 2 ˆj + 2kˆ .
A vector aiˆ + bjˆ + ckˆ perpendicular to the given plane, must be perpendicular to each of the vector
AR and BR
∴ − a + 3b − c = 0 …(i) and −2a + 2b + 2c = 0 …(ii)
a b c a b c
Solving (i) and (ii) simultaneously, we get, = = ⇒ = =
6 + 2 2 + 2 −2 + 6 2 1 1
∴ A vector perpendicular to the given plane is r = 2iˆ + ˆj + kˆ .
r 1
And so, a unit vector perpendicular to the given plane is, rˆ = = ( 2iˆ + ˆj + kˆ ) .
r 6
3. Ans. (a), The coordinates of the midpoint R of the line segment joining the points
 2+ 6 3+ 7 4 +8 
P (2,3, 4) and Q(6, 7,8) are  , ,  i.e., (4, 5, 6) .
 2 2 2 
Out of the given alternatives, only the equation x + y + z − 15 = 0 is satisfied by the point (4, 5, 6).
Hence, the plane x + y + z − 15 = 0 passes through the midpoint of the given points and consequently
this plane bisects the line segment joining the given points.
x−3 y −4 z +3
4. Ans. (c), Since the line = = passes through the point (3, 4, –3) and lies in the plane
−4 −7 13
5 x − y + z = a, so the point (3, 4, –3) aso lies in the plane 5x − y + z = a .
∴ 5(3) − 4 + (−3) = a ⇒ a =8
x−4 y−2 z−k
5. Ans. (c), Since the line = = passes through the point (4, 2, k) and lies in the plane
1 1 2
2 x − 4 y + z = 7, so the point (4, 2, k). ∴ 2(4) − 4(2) + k = 7 ⇒ k = 7
6. Ans. (c), The direction ratios of the normal to a plane ax + by + cz + d = 0 are a, b, c .
∴ The direction ratios of the normal to the plane 6 x − 3 y − 2 z = 1 are 6, −3, −2 .
And so, the d.c.’s of the normal to the plane 6 x − 3 y − 2 z = 0 are

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6 −3 −2 6 −3 −2
, , i.e., , , .
2 2
6 + (−3) + (−2) 2 2 2
6 + (−3) + (−2) 2 2 2
6 + (−3) + (−2) 2 7 7 7
7. Ans. (c), The line PQ joining the points P (1, 2, 0) and Q (4,13,5) is perpendicular to the required
plane. ⇒ The normal to the required plane has d.r.’s 4 − 1, 13 − 2, 5 − 0, i.e., 3, 11, 5 .
⇒ The coefficients of x, y and z in the equation of the plane are 3, 11, 5 respectively.
8. Ans. (c), The line having direction ratios 2, –6, 1 is perpendicular to the required plane i.e., the normal
to this plane has d.r.’s 2, –6, 1. Also, this plane passes through the origin.
∴ The equation of the required plane is, 2 x − 6 y + z = 0 …(i)
Now, this plane passes through A(3, α , − 9) .
−1
∴ 2(3) − 6α + (−9) = 0 ⇒ 6α = −3 ⇒ α = .
2
1
x−
2x −1 2 − y z + 1 2 = y − 2 = z − (−1)
9. Ans. (a), The given line is, = = i.e., …(i)
2 2 a 1 −2 a
Its d.r.’s are 1, –2, a. The given plane is 2 x − y + z = 0 …(ii)
The d.r.’s of the normal to plane (ii) are 2, –1, 1. Now, the plane (ii) is parallel to the line (i).
So, the normal to the plane (ii) is perpendicular to the line (i).
∴ (1)(2) + (−2)(−1) + (a )(1) = 0 ⇒ a = −4
10. Ans. (b), The given plane is 2 x − 3 y + 5 z − 7 = 0 …(i)
The d.r.’s of the normal to this plane are 2, –3, 5.
∴ The d.r.’s of a line perpendicular to plane (i) are 2, –3, 5.
Now, the equation of a line passing through the point (3, 0, –4) and having d.r.’s 2, –3, 5 is,
x−3 y −0 z + 4 x −3 −y z + 4
= = i.e., = = , which is the required equation.
2 −3 5 2 3 5
1
x−
3x − 1 z −1 3 = y − 3 = z −1
11. Ans. (b), The given line is, = 3− y = i.e., …(i)
2b a  2b  −1 a
 
 3 
2b
Its d.r.’s are , − 1, a. The given plane is 3 x + y + 2 z + 6 = 0 …(ii)
3
The d.r.’s of the normal to the plane (ii) are 3, 1, 2. Now, the plane (ii) is parallel to the line (i). So, the
normal to the plane (ii) is perpendicular to the line (i).
 2b  1 3
∴   (3) + (−1)(1) + (a )(2) = 0 ⇒ 2b + 2a = 1 ⇒ a + b = ⇒ 3a + 3b = .
 3  2 2
x +1 y + 3 z + 7
12. Ans. (d), The given line is = = . Its d.r.’s are 2, 4, –3 .
2 4 −3
The equation of a plane passing through a point P ( x1 , y1 , z1 ) and perp. to a line having d.r.’s a, b, c is
a ( x − x1 ) + b( y − y1 ) + c( z − z1 ) = 0
∴ The equation of a plane passing through the point (1, 0, –1) and perp. to the given line having d.r.’s
2, 4, –3 is, 2( x − 1) + 4( y − 0) + (−3)( z + 1) = 0 i.e., 2 x + 4 y − 3 z = 5, which is the required equation.
x + 1 y z −1
13. Ans. (d), The given line is = = …(i)
1 2 1
Its direction ratios are 1, 2, 1. The given plane is x − y + z = 0 …(ii)

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The direction ratios of the normal to plane (ii) are 1, –1, 1.
∴ The angle θ between the line (i) and the normal to plane (ii) is given by
(1)(1) + (2)(−1) + (1)(1)
cos θ = = 0 = cos 90° ⇒ θ = 90° .
2 2 2 2 2 2
1 + 2 + 2 1 + (−1) + 1
x −1 y − 2 z − 3
14. Ans. (a), The equation of the given line is, = = = λ (say) …(i)
2 3 4
Any point on this line is (2λ + 1,3λ + 2, 4λ + 3) .
If this point lies on the plane 2 x + 3 y − z = −4 , then,
2(2λ + 1) + 3(3λ + 2) − (4λ + 3) = −4 ⇒ 9λ = −9 ⇒ λ = −1 .
Using λ = −1 , we get the point (–1, –1, –1), which lies both on the given line and the given plane and
is therefore their point of intersection.
15. Ans. (b), We have, OP = −7iˆ + ˆj − 5kˆ . The direction ratios of OP are −7,1, −5
∴ The direction ratios of the normal to the required plane are –7, 1, –5.
Also, the point P (−7, 1, − 5) lies on this plane.
So, the required equation of the plane is, −7( x + 7) + 1( y − 1) − 5( z + 5) = 0
i.e., 7 x − y + 5 z + 75 = 0 .
x −1 y + 2 z − 3
16. Ans. (d), The given line is = = = λ (say) …(i)
3 4 −2
∴ Any point on this line is (3λ + 1, 4λ − 2, − 2λ + 3) .
If this point lies on the plane 2 x − y + 3 z − 1 = 0, then
2(3λ + 1) − (4λ − 2) + 3(−2λ + 3) − 1 = 0 ⇒ − 4λ + 12 = 0 ⇒ λ =3
Using λ = 3, we get the point (10, 10, –3) which lies bth on the given line and the given plane and is
therefore their point of intersection.
17. Ans. (a), The d.r.’s of the line perpendicular to the plane 2 x − y + 5 z = 4 are 2, –1, 5.
∴ The equations of a line perpendicular to the plane 2 x − y + 5 z = 4 and passing through the point
x − (−1) y − 0 z − 1 x +1 z −1
(–1, 0, 1) are, = = i.e., = −y = .
2 −1 5 2 5
x−4 y + 2 z −5
18. Ans. (a), The d.r.’s of the line parallel to the line = = are 1, 3, 2.
1 3 2
If this line passes through the point P (−1, − 3, 2) , then its equation is,
x +1 y + 3 z − 2
= = = λ (say) …(i)
1 3 2
A general point on this line is (λ − 1, 3λ − 3, 2λ + 2) .
∴ The coordinates of the point Q are (λ − 1, 3λ − 3, 2λ + 2) for a particular value of λ .
[∵ Point Q lies on line (i)]
∴ 3(λ − 1) + 4(3λ − 3) + 5(2λ + 2) = 20 ⇒ 25λ − 5 = 20 ⇒ λ = 1.
Putting λ = 1, we get the coordinates of the point Q as (0, 0, 4).
x − 2 y +1 z − 2
19. Ans. (c), The given line is, = = = λ (say) …(i)
3 4 12
Any point on this line is the form (3λ + 2, 4k − 1,12λ + 2) .
If this point is the point of intersection of the (i) and plane x − y + z = 5, then it must lie on this plane.
(3λ + 2)) − (4λ − 1) + (12λ + 2) = 5 ⇒ 11λ = 0 ⇒ λ = 0 .
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Putting λ = 0 , we get the point of intersection of the given line and the given plane as A(2,1, 2) .
Now, the distance of this point A(2, −1, 2) from the given point B (−1, 5, −10)

= (−1 − 2)2 + (−5 + 1) 2 + (−10 − 2) 2 = 9 + 16 + 144 = 169 = 13

20. Ans. (c), The foot of the perpendicular PA from P (a, b, c) to YZ planes is A(0, b, c) and the foot of
the perpendicular PB from P (a, b, c) to ZX planes is B (a, 0, c).
Now, let the equation of the plane OAB be, lx + my + nz + q = 0 …(i)
This plane passes through origin O (0, 0, 0) ∴ q = 0 …(ii) [Putting x = y = z = 0 in (i)]
Plane (i) passes through A(0, b, c) .
− nc
∴ mb + nc = 0 [Putting x = 0, y = b, z = c, q = 0 in (i)] ⇒ m = …(iii)
b
Plane (ii) passes through B (0, b, c) .
− nc
∴ la + nc = 0 [Putting x = a, y = 0, z = c, q = 0 in (i)] ⇒ l = …(iv)
a
 − nc   − nc 
Substituting these values of l, m and q in (i), we get,  x+  y + nz = 0
 a   b 
  − ab  
⇒ bcx + cay − abz = 0  Multiplying throughout by  n  
 
21. Ans. (b), Let the required plane passing through (2, 2, 1) be, a ( x − 2) + b( y − 2) + c( z + 1) = 0 …(i)
Since it also passes through the point (9, 3, 6), we have,
a (9 − 2) + b(3 − 2) + c(6 − 1) = 0 ⇒ 7 a + b + 5c = 0 …(ii)
Also, plane (i) being perpendicular to the plane 2 x + 6 y + 6 z = 1, we have, 2a + 6b + 6c = 0
[∵ If two planes a1 x + b1 y + c1 z + d1 = 0 and a2 x + b2 y + c2 z + d 2 = 0 are perpendicular to each other,
then their normals are also perpendicular and so a1a2 + b1b2 + c1c2 = 0 ]
a b c
Cross multiplying (ii) and (iii), we get, = =
6 − 30 10 − 42 42 − 2
a b c a b c
⇒ = = ⇒ = = = k (say) ⇒ a = 3k , b = 4k , c = −5 k
−24 −32 40 3 4 −5
Substituting these values of a, b, c in equation (i), we get, 3k ( x − 2) + 4k ( y − 2) − 5k ( z − 1) = 0
⇒ 3( x − 2) + 4( y − 2) − 5( z − 1) = 0 ⇒ 3 x + 4 y − 5 z − 9 = 0, which is the required equation.
22. Ans. (c), Let the required plane be ax + by + cz + d = 0 …(i)
Plane (i) passes through the point (–1, 1, 1). ∴ − a + b + c + d = 0 …(ii)
Plane (i) passes through the point (1, –1, 1). ∴ a − b + c + d = 0 …(iii)
Also, plane (i) is perpendicular to the plane x + 2 y + 2 z = 7. ∴ a + 2b + 2c = 0 …(iv)
[∵ If two planes a1 x + b1 y + c1 z + d1 = 0 and a2 x + b2 y + c2 z + d 2 = 0 are perpendicular to each other,
then their normals are also perpendicular and so a1a2 + b1b2 + c1c2 = 0 ]
2 3 3
Solving (ii), (iii) and (iv), we get, a = b, c = − d , a = − c ⇒ b = a, c = − a, d = a
3 2 2
−3 3
If we put a = k , then b = k , c = k , d = k where k ≠ 0
2 2
3 3
Substituting these values of a,b, c and d in (i) we get, kx + ky − kz + k = 0
2 2

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⇒ 2 x + 2 y − 3 z + 3 = 0 [∵ k ≠ 0] which is the required equation of the plane.
23. Ans. (b), Let the required plane be ax + by + cz + d = 0 …(i)
Plane (i) passes through the point (1, 1, 1). ∴ a + b + c + d = 0 …(ii)
Plane (i) passes through the point (1, –1, –1). ∴ a − b − c + d = 0
Also, plane (i) is perpendicular to the plane 2 x − y + z + 5 = 0 . ∴ 2a − b + c = 0
Subtracting (iii) from (ii), we get, 2b + 2c = 0 ⇒ b = −c
Substituting b = −c in (iv), we get, 2a + 2c = 0 ⇒ a = −c .
Substituting a = −c, b = −c in (ii), we get, −c − c + c + d = 0 ⇒ d = c
Substituting a = −c, b = −c, d = c in (i), we get, −cx − cy + cz + c = 0
⇒ x + y − z − 1 = 0, which is the required equation.
24. Ans. (d), The equation of a plane passing through a given point with p.v. a and perpendicular to the
given vector n is given by, ( r − a ) . n = 0 .
The equation of the plane passing through the point with position vector 3iˆ − ˆj − 2kˆ and perpendicular
{ }
to the vector 4iˆ + 2 ˆj + kˆ is, r − ( 3iˆ − ˆj − 2kˆ ) . ( 4iˆ + 2 ˆj + kˆ ) = 0

{ }
⇒ r . ( 4iˆ + 2 ˆj + kˆ ) − ( 3iˆ − ˆj − 2kˆ ) . ( 4iˆ + 2 ˆj + kˆ ) = 0 ⇒ r . ( 4iˆ + 2 ˆj + kˆ ) = 8

25. Ans. (b), We have, AB = p.v. of B − p.v. of A = ( iˆ − 2 ˆj − 4kˆ ) − ( 3iˆ + ˆj + 2kˆ ) = −2iˆ − 3 ˆj − 6kˆ .
The required plane passes through the point B having p.v. iˆ − 2 ˆj − 4kˆ
i.e., through the point B (1, − 2, − 4) .
Also, the required plane is perpendicular to AB .
∴ The d.r.’s of the normal to the required plane are −2, − 3, − 6 ∵ AB = −2iˆ − 3 ˆj − 6kˆ 
Hence, the equation of the required plane is,
−2 ( x − 1) − 3 ( y + 2 ) − 6 ( z + 4 ) = 0 i.e., 2 x + 3 y + 6 z + 28 = 0.
[∵ The equation of a plane which passes through ( x1 , y1 , z1 ) and the d.r.’s of whose normal are
a, b, c is given by a ( x − x1 ) + b ( y − y1 ) + c ( z − z1 ) = 0 ]
x −1 y + 1 z
26. Ans. (d), The given lines are, = = …(i)
2 −1 3
x y − 2 z +1
and = = ...(ii)
2 −1 3
Line (i) passes through the point (1, –1, 0) and has d.r.’s 2, –1, 3.
Line (ii) passes through the point (0, 2, –1) and has d.r.’s 2, –1, 3.
Let the equation of the plane containing the lines (i) and (ii) be ax + by + cz + d = 0
Then, 2a − b + 3c = 0
[∵ The normal to the plane (ii) is perpendicular to each of the lines (i) and (ii) and it has d.r.’s a, b, c ]
Now, plane (iii) passes through the points (1, –1, 0) and (0, 2, –1).
∴ a −b+d = 0 …(v) [Putting x = 1, y = −1, z = 0 in (iii)]
and 2b − c + d = 0 …(vi) [Putting x = 0, y = 2, z = −1 in (iii)]
From (v) and (vi) we get, a − 3b + c = 0 …(vii)
a b c
Solving (iv) and (vii) we get, = = = k (say) ⇒ a = 8k , b = k , c = − 5k
−1 + 9 3 − 2 −6 + 1
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Substituting these values of a and b in (v) we get, d = b − a = k − 8k = −7 k
Substituting a = 8k , b = k , c = −5k , d = −7 k in (iii), we get, (8k ) x + ky − 5kz − 7 k = 0
⇒ 8 x + y − 5 z − 7 = 0 , which is the required equation of the plane.
27. Ans. (b), The equation of a plane which cuts intercepts of lengths a, b, and c on the axes, is given by
x y z
+ + =1 …(i)
a b c
If the plane makes equal intercepts of unit lengths, then a = b = c = 1 .
x y z
∴ The equation of such a plane is + + = 1 i.e., x + y + z = 1 .
1 1 1
28. Ans. (b), The given equation of the plane is, r .(2, − 3, 4) = 12 …(i)
Putting r = ( x, y, z ) in (i) we get, ( x, y, z ).(2, − 3, 4) = 12
x y z
⇒ 2 x − 3 y + 4 z = 12 + + =1.⇒
6 −4 3
This is the equation of the given plane in the intercept form.
Clearly, this plane cuts intercepts of 6, –4, 3 on the axes.
x y z
29. Ans. (b), The given equation of the plane is, 3 x − 2 y − z − 18 = 0 i.e., + + = 1 …(i)
6 (−9) (−18)
This is the equation of the given plane is the intercept form.
∴ The lengths of the intercepts are 6, –9, –18 and so the plane (i) meets the coordinate axes in points
A(6, 0, 0), B (0, − 9, 0) and C (0, 0, − 18) .
∴ The centroid of the triangle ABC has coordinates
 6 + 0 + 0 0 + (−9) + 0 0 + 0 + (−18) 
 , ,  i.e., (2, −3, − 6) .
 3 3 3 
30. Ans. (d), The give equation of the plane is 7 x + 11 y + 13 z = 3003
x y z x y z
i.e., + + = 1 i.e., + + =1 …(i)
 3003   3003   3003  429 273 231
     
 7   11   13 
This is the equation of the given plane in the intercept form.
Clearly, the given plane meets the coordinate axes in the points A(429, 0, 0), B (0, 273, 0) and
C (0, 0, 231) .
 429 + 0 + 0 0 + 273 0 + 0 + 231 
The centroid of ∆ ABC is, G  , ,  i.e., G (143,91, 77) .
 3 3 3 
31. Ans. (c), The equation of a plane that makes intercepts a, b, c on the coordinate axes, is given by
x y z
+ + =1.
a b c
∴ The equation of the plane that makes intercepts 8, 4, 4 on the coordinate axes, is
x y z
+ + = 1 i.e., x + 2 y + 2 z − 8 = 0 …(i)
8 4 4
Now, the length of the perpendicular from the origin to the plane (i) is,
0 + 2(0) + 2(0) − 8 −8 8
p= = = .
2
1 +2 +2 2 2 3 3

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x y z
32. Ans. (d), The given equation of the plane is 2 x + 3 y + 4 z = 1 i.e., = + = 1 …(i)
1 1 1
     
 2  3  4
This is the equation of the given plane in the intercept form.
1 1 1
∴ The lengths of the intercepts are , , and so, the plane (i) meets the coordinate axes in points
2 3 4
1   1   1
A  , 0, 0  , B  0, , 0  and C  0, 0,  .
2   3   4
1 1 1
 2 +0+0 0+ 3 +0 0+0+ 4  1 1 1 
∴ The centroid of the triangle ABC is, D  , ,  i.e., D  , ,  .
 3 3 3   6 9 12 
x y z
33. Ans. (d), Let the required equation of the plane be + + = 1 …(i)
a b c
Then, this plane makes intercepts of lengths a, b, c on the x-axis, y-axis and z-axis respectively i.e.,
Plane (i) meets the coordinate axes at points A(a, 0, 0), B (0, b, 0) and C (0, 0, c).
Now, the centroid G of ∆ ABC has coordinates
Z
 a+0+0 0+b+0 0+0+c  a b c
 , ,  i.e.,  , ,  C (0, 0, c)
 3 3 3   3 3 3
But the coordinates of the centroid are given as (1, 2, 4).
a b c G (1, 2, 4)
∴ = 1, = 2, = 4 ⇒ a = 3, b = 6, c = 12 Y
3 3 3 O B
(0, b, 0)
Substituting these values of a, b, c in (i), we get,
A( a, 0, 0)
x y z X
+ + =1
3 6 12
i.e., 4 x + 2 y + z = 12, which is the required equation of the plane.
34. Ans. (c), A plane parallel to y-axis has equation of the form ax + cz + d = 0 …(i)
If this plane makes intercepts 3 and 4 respectively on z-axis and x-axis, then this plane passes through
the points (0, 0, 3) and (4, 0, 0).
∴ We have, 3c + d = 0 …(ii) [Putting x = 0, y = 0, z = 3 in (i)]
and 4a + d = 0 …(iii) [Putting x = 4, y = 0, z = 0 in (i)]
4
Subtracting (iii) from (ii), we get, 3c − 4a = 0 ⇒ c = a.
3
4
Substituting c = a in (ii), we get, d = −4a .
3
4 4
Putting c = a and d = −4a in (i), we get, ax + az − 4a = 0
3 3
⇒ 3 x + 4 z = 12, which is the required equation of the plane.
35. Ans. (b), Let the plane meet the coordinate axes at points P (a, 0, 0), Q (0, b, 0) and R (0, 0, c)
respectively.
 a+0+0 0+b+0 0+0+c  a b c
Then, the centroid G of ∆ PQR is,  , ,  i.e.,  , , 
 3 3 3   3 3 3
But the centroid of ∆ PQR has coordinates (2, –5, 8).
[∵ The p.v. of centroid of ∆ PQR is 2iˆ − 5 ˆj + 8kˆ ]

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a b c
∴ 2= , − 5 = ,8 = ⇒ a = 6, b = −15, c = 24
3 3 3
Clearly, the plane makes intercepts, 6, –15, 24 with the x-, y -, z - axes respectively.
x y z
∴ The equation of the plane is − + = 1 i.e., 20 x − 8 y + 5 z = 120
6 15 24
i.e., ( xiˆ + yjˆ + zkˆ ) . ( 20iˆ − 8 ˆj + 5kˆ ) = 120

i.e., r . ( 20iˆ − 8 ˆj + 5kˆ ) = 120 [Putting xiˆ + yjˆ + zkˆ = r ]

π π π
36. Ans. (a), The direction angles of the normal to the plane π are , , .
4 4 2
π π π
So, the direction cosines of the normal to the plane π are cos , cos , cos
4 4 2
1 1
i.e., l = , m= , n=0
2 2
Also, the perpendicular distance of the plane π from the origin is p = 2 .
∴ The equation of the plane π is given by lx + my + nz = p
1 1
i.e., x+ y + 0, z = 2 i.e., x + y = 2
2 2
37. Ans. (d), Since N (1, 2, 2) is the foot of the perpendicular from origin O (0, 0, 0) to the required plane,
so we have, Length of perpendicular from the origin to the required plane.
= p = ON = (1 − 0) 2 + (2 − 0) 2 + (2 − 0)2 = 3
Also, the d.r.’s of the vector ON normal to the required plane are 1, 2, 2.
n 1
So, the vector n = iˆ + 2 ˆj + 2kˆ is normal to the required plane i.e., the vector nˆ = = (iˆ + 2 ˆj + 2kˆ) is
n 3
a unit vector normal to the required plane.
So, the equation of the required plane is, r . nˆ = p
O(0, 0, 0)
1 
i.e., r .  ( iˆ + 2 ˆj + 2kˆ )  = 3 i.e., r . ( iˆ + 2 ˆj + 2kˆ ) = 9 …(i)
3 
Putting r = xiˆ + yjˆ + zkˆ in (i), we get, (1, 2, 2) N
x + 2 y + 2 z = 9 which is the required equation.
38. Ans. (c), A vector normal to the required plane is n = 2iˆ − 3 ˆj + kˆ
n 2iˆ − 3 ˆj + kˆ 2iˆ − 3 ˆj + kˆ
A unit vector normal to the required plane is, nˆ = = =
n 2 2 + (−3)2 + 12 14
The length of the perpendicular from the origin to the required plane is p = 5 .
The equation of the required plane in the vector form is, r . nˆ = p
 2iˆ − 3 ˆj + kˆ 
i.e., r .   = 5 i.e., r . ( 2iˆ − 3 ˆj + kˆ ) = 5 14 …(i)
 14 
Putting r = xiˆ + yjˆ + zkˆ in (i), we get, ( xiˆ + yjˆ + zkˆ ) . ( 2iˆ − 3 ˆj + kˆ ) = 5 14
i.e., 2 x − 3 y + z = 5 14 , which is the required equation.
39. Ans. (b), The required line L is the line of intersection of the planes

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3x + 2 y − z − 4 = 0 …(i)
4x + y − 2z + 3 = 0 …(ii)
Let l , m, n be the d.c.’s of the required line L. Then, the line L being perpendicular to the normals to
both the planes (i) and (ii), we have,
3l + 2m − n = 0 …(iii)
4l + m − 2n = 0 …(iv)
l m n l m n
Solving equations (iii) and (iv) simultaneously, we get, = = i.e., = =
−4 + 1 −4 + 6 3 − 8 −3 2 −5
∴ The d.r.’s of the line L are –3, 2, –5.
Now, we shall find a point on line L . We put z = 0 in (i) and (ii). Then, we have,
3x + 2 y − 4 = 0 …(v)
4x + y + 3 = 0 …(iv)
x y 1
Solving equations (v) and (vi) simultaneously, we get, = = ⇒ x = −2, y = 5
6 + 4 −16 − 9 3 − 8
∴ The point (–2, 5, 0) lies on line L having d.r.’s –3, 2, –5.
x+ 2 y −5 z −0
So, the equation of the required line L is, = = .
−3 2 −5
40. Ans. (c), The equation of a plane parallel to the plane x − y + 2 z = 0 is of the form x − y + 2 z + k = 0 .
If this plane passes through the point (1, 2, –1), then
1 − 2 + 2(−1) + k = 0 [Putting x = 1, y = 2, z = −1 in (i)]
⇒ k =3
Putting k = 3 in (i), we get, x − y + 2 z + 3 = 0, which is the required equation of the plane.
41. Ans. (b), Any plane parallel to the given plane 5 x − 6 y + 7 z = 3 is of the form 5 x − 6 y + 7 z + k = 0 .
If this plane passes thrugh (2, 3, 4), then
5(2) − 6(3) + 7(4) + k = 0 [Putting x = 2, y = 3, z = 4 in (i)]
⇒ k = −20 .
Putting k = −20 in (i) we get, 5 x − 6 y + 7 z − 20 = 0
⇒ 5 x − 6 y + 7 z = 20 , which is the required equation of the plane.
42. Ans. (a), The equation of a plane parallel to the plane r .(iˆ + ˆj + kˆ) = 0 is given by
r .(iˆ + ˆj + kˆ) = λ …(i)
If this plane passes through the point (–1, –1, 1) i.e., through the point with p.v. ( −iˆ − ˆj + kˆ ) , then
( −iˆ − ˆj + kˆ ) .( iˆ + ˆj + kˆ ) = λ  Putting r = −iˆ − ˆj + kˆ in (i) 
⇒ −1 −1+ 1 = λ ⇒ λ = −1
Putting λ = −1 in (i), we get, r . ( iˆ + ˆj + kˆ ) = −1

⇒ r . ( iˆ + ˆj + kˆ ) + 1 = 0, which is the required equation.

x −1 y − 3 z − 2
43. Ans. (d), The given line is = = = λ (say) …(i)
2 4 3
The given plane is 3 x + 2 y − 2 z + 15 = 0 …(ii)
The required distance = Distance of the point (3, 8, 2) from the point of intersection of line (i) with a
plane which is parallel to plane (ii) and passes through the point (3, 8, 2).

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The equation of any plane parallel to plane (ii) is, 3 x + 2 y − 2 z + k = 0 .
If it passes through the point (3, 8, 2), then, 3(3) + 2(8) − 2(2) + k = 0 ⇒ k = −21
∴ The plane parallel to plane (ii)
and passing through the point (3, 8, 2) is, 3 x + 2 y − 2 z − 21 = 0 …(iii)
Now, any point on the line (i) is, (2λ + 1, 4λ + 3, 3λ + 2) .
If this point lies on plane (iii), then 2(2λ + 1) + 2(4λ + 3) − 2(3λ + 2) − 21 = 0 ⇒ 8λ − 16 ⇒ λ = 2
∴ The point of intersection of line (i) and plane (iii) is (5, 11, 8).
∴ The required distance = Distance between the points (3, 8, 2) and (5, 11, 8)
= (5 − 3) 2 + (11 − 8) 2 + (8 − 2)2 = 4 + 9 + 36 = 7

44. Ans. (a), The equation of a plane containing the line of intersection of the planes r . ( iˆ + 3 ˆj − kˆ ) = 0

{ }
and r . ( ˆj + 2kˆ ) = 0 is of the form r . ( iˆ + 3 ˆj − kˆ ) + λ ( ˆj + 2kˆ ) = 0 …(i)

This plane passes through the point (–1, –1, –1) which has the position vector ( −iˆ − ˆj − kˆ )

{ }
Putting r = ( −iˆ − ˆj − kˆ ) in (i), we get, ( −iˆ − ˆj − kˆ ) . ( iˆ + 3 ˆj − kˆ ) + λ ( ˆj + 2kˆ ) = 0

{
⇒ ( −iˆ − ˆj − kˆ ) . iˆ + (3 + λ ) ˆj + (−1 + 2λ )kˆ = 0}
⇒ − 1 − (3 + λ ) − (−1 + 2λ ) = 0 ⇒ − 3λ − 3 = 0 ⇒ λ = −1

{ }
Putting λ = −1 in (i), we get, r . ( iˆ + 3 ˆj − kˆ ) − ( ˆj + 2kˆ ) = 0

i.e., r . ( iˆ + 2 ˆj − 3kˆ ) = 0, which is the required equation of the plane.

45. Ans. (d), The equations of the given planes are, r . ( 2iˆ − 3 ˆj + 4kˆ ) = 1 …(i)

r . ( iˆ − ˆj ) = −4 …(ii)
The equation of a plane passing through the line of intersection of the plane (i) and (ii) of the form

{ }
r . ( 2iˆ − 3 ˆj + 4kˆ ) + λ ( iˆ − ˆj ) = 1 − 4λ

{ }
i.e., r . ( 2 + λ ) iˆ + ( −3 − λ ) ˆj + 4kˆ = 1 − 4λ …(iii)

A vector normal to this plane is n1 = (2 + λ )iˆ + (−3 − λ ) ˆj + 4kˆ

The plane (iii) is perpendicular to the plane r . ( 2iˆ − ˆj + kˆ ) + 8 = 0 …(iv)

A vector normal to the plane (iv) is n2 = 2iˆ − ˆj + kˆ .

Since plane (iii) and plane (iv) are perpendicular, so the normals to these planes are also perpendicular
to each other.
−11
∴ n1. n2 = 0 ⇒ (2 + λ )(2) + (−3 − λ )(−1) + (4)(1) = 0 ⇒ 11 + 3λ = 0 ⇒λ =
3
−11
Substituting λ = in (iii), we get the equation of the required planes as :
3
 5 2  47
r .  − iˆ + ˆj + 4kˆ  = ⇒ r . ( −5iˆ + 2 ˆj + 12kˆ ) = 47 …(v)
 3 3  3
Putting r = xiˆ + yjˆ + zkˆ in (v), we get, −5 x + 2 y + 12 z = 47
⇒ 5 x − 2 y − 12 z + 47 = 0, which is the required equation.

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46. Ans. (b), The given equaton of the plane is, 2 x − (1 + λ ) y + 3λ z = 0
i.e., (2 x − y ) − λ ( y − 3 z ) = 0 i.e., (2 x − y ) + µ ( y − 3 z ) = 0
This is the equation of a plane passing through the line of intersection of the planes 2 x − y = 0 and
y − 3z = 0 .
47. Ans. (d), The equation of the plane through the intersection of the planes x + 2 y + 3 z − 4 = 0 and
4 x + 3 y + 2 z + 1 = 0 is of the form ( x + 2 y + 3 z − 4) + λ (4 x + 3 y + 2 z + 1) = 0 …(i)
This plane passes through the origin (0, 0, 0). ∴ − 4 + λ (1) = 0 [Putting x = 0, y = 0, z = 0 in (i)]
⇒ λ = 4 . Substituting λ = 4 in (i), we get, ( x + 2 y + 3 z − 4) + 4(4 x + 3 y + 2 z + 1) = 0
⇒ 17 x + 14 y + 11z = 0, which is the required equation of the plane.
48. Ans. (d), The equation of a plane through the intersection of the planes 2 x − 4 y + 3 z + 5 = 0 and
x + y − z = 6 is of the form (2 x − 4 y + 3 z + 5) + λ ( x + y − z − 6) = 0
i.e., (2 + λ ) x + (−4 + λ ) y + (3 − λ ) z + (5 − 6λ ) = 0 …(i)
The direction ratios of the normal to plane (i) are (2 + λ ), (−4 + λ ), (3 − λ ).
Now, the plane (i) is parallel to the line L having direction cosines 1, − 1, − 1.
So, the normal to the plane (i) is perpendicular to the line L .
∴ (2 + λ )(1) + (−4 + λ )(−1) + (3 − λ )(−1) = 0 ⇒ λ = −3.
Substituting λ = −3 in (i), we get, − x − 7 y + 6 z + 23 = 0
i.e., x + 7 y − 6 z = 23, which is required equation.
49. Ans. (c), The equation of the plane through the intersection of the planes x + y = z = 6 and
2 x + 3 y + 4 z + 5 = 0 is of the form ( x + y + z − 6) + λ (2 x + 3 y + 4 z + 5) = 0 ...(i)
This plane passes through the point (1, 1, 1). ∴ − 3 + 14λ = 0 [Putting x = 1, y = 1, z = 1 in (i)]
3 3 3
⇒ λ= Substituting λ = in (i), we get, ( x + y + z − 6) + (2 x + 3 y + 4 z + 5) = 0
14 14 14
⇒ 20 x + 23 y + 26 z − 69 = 0, which is the required equation of the plane.
50. Ans. (b), The equation of a plane containing the line of intersection of the planes 2 x − y + z − 3 = 0
and 3 x + y + z = 5 is given by (2 x − y + z − 3) + λ (3 x + y + z − 5) = 0
i.e., (2 + 3λ ) x + (−1 + λ ) y + (1 + λ ) z + (−3 − 5λ ) = 0 …(i)
1
Distance of plane (i) from the point (2, 1, − 1) =
6
(2 + 3λ )(2) + (−1 + λ )(1) + (1 + λ )(−1) + (−3 − 5λ ) 1
⇒ = ⇒ 6(λ − 1) 2 = 11λ 2 + 12λ + 6
2 2
(2 + 3λ ) + (−1 + λ ) + (1 + λ ) 2
6
−24
⇒ 5λ 2 + 24λ = 0 ⇒ λ (5λ + 24) = 0 ⇒ λ = [∵ λ ≠ 0]
5
−24 62 29 19 105
Substituting λ = in (i), we get, − x − y− z+ =0
5 5 5 5 5
⇒ 62 x + 29 y + 19 z − 105 = 0, which is the required equation.
51. Ans. (a), The required equation is the equation of a plane passing through the line of intersection of
π
the planes P1 and P2 and making an angle ofwith the plane P1 .
2
The equation of a plane through the lineof intersection of the planes P1 : 2 x − y + 6 z + 5 = 0 and
P2 : x + 2 y + 7 z − 1 = 0 is of the form (2 x − y + 6 z + 5) + λ ( x + 2 y + 7 z − 1) = 0

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i.e., (2 + λ ) x + (−1 + 2λ ) y + (6 + 7λ ) z + (5 − λ ) = 0 …(i)
The d.r.’s of the normal to the plane (i) are 2 + λ , − 1 + 2λ , 6 + 7z .
Also, the d.r.’s of the normal to the plane P1 are 2, − 1, 6 .
π
Since the plane (i) makes an angle of with the plane P1 , so we have,
2
−41
(2 + λ )(2) + (−1 + 2λ )(−1) + (6 + 7 z )(6) = 0 ⇒ 42λ + 41 = 0 ⇒λ=
42
−41  41   82   287   41 
Substituting λ = in we get,  2 −  x +  −1 −  y +  6 −  z + 5 +  = 0
42  42   42   42   42 
i.e., 43 x − 124 y − 35 z + 251 = 0, which is the required equation.
52. Ans. (a), The equation of the plane through the intersection of the planes
x + y + z = 1 + λ (2 x + 3 y − z + 4) = 0 is of form
i.e., (1 + 2λ ) x + (1 + 3λ ) y + (1 − λ ) z + (−1 + 4λ ) = 0 …(i)
( x + y + z − 1) and 2 x + 3 y − z + 4 = 0
∴ The direction ratios of the line normal to plane (i) are (1 + 2λ ), (1 + 3λ ), (1 − λ ).
Now, the plane (i) is parallel to the x-axis. So, the normal to the plane (i) must be perpendicular to the
x-axis. ∴ (1 + 2λ ) (1) + (1 + 3λ )(0) + (1 − λ )(0) = 0 [∵ The d.c.’s of x-axis are 1, 0, 0]
−1 −1
⇒ 1 + 2λ = 0 ⇒ λ = . Substituting λ = in (i), we get,
2 2
1 3
y + z − 3 = 0 ⇒ y − 3 z + 6 = 0, which is the required equation of the plane.
−
2 2
Note : We can directly deduce the required equation from equation (i).
The equation of a plane parallel to x-axis is of the form by + cz + d = 0 .
1
∴ Equation (i) will represent a plane parallel to x-axis if 1 + 2λ = 0 i.e. if λ = − .
2
1
Putting λ = − in (i), we get the desired equation i.e., y − 3 z + 6 = 0 .
2
x y
53. Ans. (b), The equation of a plane containing the line of intersection of the planes − = 1 and z = 0
p q
x y  x y
is of the form  − − 1 + λ z = 0 i.e., + + λ z −1 = 0 …(i)
p q  p −q
1 −1
The direction ratios of the normal to this plane are , , λ.
p q
y z
Now, the given line has the equations, + = −1, x = 1
r p
y −z x −1 y + r z
i.e., +1 = , x −1 = 0 i.e., = = …(ii)
r p 0 r −p
The d.r.’s of the line (ii) are 0, r , − p .
If the plane (i) is parallel to the line (ii), then the normal to the plane (i) is perpendicular to the line (i),
1  1 −r
∴   (0) +  −  (r ) + (λ )(− p ) = 0 ⇒λ=
 p  q pq

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−r x y rz
Putting λ = in (i), we get, + − −1 = 0
pq p − q pq
x y z
i.e., + + = 1, which is the equation of the plane π in the intercept form.
p − q  − pq 
 
 r 
− pq
Clearly, this plane makes intercepts p, − q, on the coordinate axes.
r
54. Ans. (b), The position vector of the point A is given by r1 = 2iˆ − ˆj + 3kˆ .
The given two vectors are a = 3iˆ − kˆ and b = −3iˆ + 2 ˆj + 2kˆ .
The equation of the plane passing through the point A ( r1 ) and parallel to the vectors a and b is given
by  r a b  =  r1 a b  i.e.,  r a b  −  r1 a b  = 0 i.e.,  r − r1 a b  = 0
x−2 y +1 z − 3
Taking r = xiˆ + yjˆ + zkˆ , equation (i) becomes 3 0 −1 = 0
−3 2 2
⇒ 2( x − 2) − 3( y + 1) + 6( z − 3) = 0
⇒ 2 x − 3 y + 6 z − 25 = 0, which is the required equation of the plane.
55. Ans. (b), The given equation of the plane is, r = ( s − 2t )iˆ + (3 − t ) ˆj + (2 s + t )kˆ …(i)
Putting r = xiˆ + yjˆ + zkˆ in (i) and comparing coefficients of iˆ, ˆj , kˆ on both sides, we get,
x = s − 2t …(ii) y = 3−t …(iii)
z = 2s + t …(iv)
From (iii) we get: t = 3 − y .
Putting t = 3 − y in (ii), we get, x = s − 2(3 − y ) ⇒ s = x − 2y + 6 …(v)
Putting t = 3 − y in (iv), we get, z = 2 s + (3 − y ) ⇒ 2 s = y + z − 3 …(vi)
From (v) and (vi), we get, 2( x − 2 y + 6) = y + z − 3
⇒ 2 x − 5 y − z + 15 = 0 , which is the requied equation of the plane in the Cartesian form.
56. Ans. (c), The equation of a plane passing through the points (0, 0, 1), (0, 1, 2) and (1, 2, 3) is
x−0 y−0 z −1 x y z −1
x−0 y −1 z − 2 = 0 i.e., 0 −1 −1 = 0 [ R2 → R2 − R1 , R3 → R3 − R1 ]
x −1 y−2 z −3 −1 −2 −2
i.e., y − z + 1 = 0 . Clearly, the direction ratios of a normal to this plane are 0, 1, –1.
57. Ans. (d), The equation of the plane ABC passing through A(−2, 2,1), B (1, −2, − 2) and C (4, −2, − 3) is
x+2 y−2 z −1 x+2 y − 2 z −1
x −1 y + 2 z + 2 = 0 i.e., −3 4 3 =0 [ R2 → R2 − R1 , R3 → R3 − R1 ]
x−4 y+2 z +3 −6 4 4
i.e., 4( x + 2) − 6( y − 2) + 12( z − 1) = 0 i.e., 4 x − 6 y + 12 z + 8 = 0 i.e., 2 x − 3 y + 6 z + 4 = 0
Equation of a plane parallel to this plane is of the form 2 x − 3 y + 6 z + k = 0
Distance between the planes (i) and (ii) is given by
k −4 k −4
D= ⇒2 = ⇒ k − 4 = ± 14 ⇒ K = 18 or − 10
2
2 + (−3) + 6 2 2 7

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Substituting k = 18 in (ii) we get, 2 x − 3 y + 6 z + 18 = 0 , which is the required equation.
[This is amongst the given alternatives]
58. Ans. (d), The equation of a plane passing through the points (a, 0, 0), (0, b, 0) and (0, 0, c) is
x−a y−0 z−0 x−a y z
x−0 y −b z − 0 = 0 i.e., x y −b z =0
x−0 y−0 z −c x y z −c
−a 0 c
i.e., 0 −b c =0 [ R1 → R1 − R3 , R2 → R2 − R3 ]
x y z −c
x y z
i.e., (bc) x + (ac) y + ab( z − c) = 0 i.e.,
+ + = 1 [Dividing throughout by abc]
a b c
59. Ans. (c), The equation of a plane passing through three given points ( x1 , y1 , z1 ), ( x2 , y2 , z2 ) and
x − x1 y − y1 z − z1
( x3 , y3 , z3 ) is, x − x2 y − y2 z − z2 = 0
x − x3 y − y3 z − z3
∴ The equation of a plane passing through the points (1, 2, 3), (–1, 4, 2) and (3, 1, 1) is
x −1 y−2 z −3 2 −1 −2
x +1 y − 4 z − 2 = 0 i.e., 4 −3 −1 = 0 [ R1 → R1 − R3 , R2 → R2 − R3 ]
x−3 y −1 z −1 x−3 y −1 z −1
i.e., ( x − 3)(−5) − ( y − 1)(6) + ( z − 1)(−2) = 0 i.e., 5 x + 6 y + 2 z − 23 = 0
60. Ans. (d), The angle θ between the planes a1 x + b1 y + c1 z + d1 = 0 and a2 x + b2 y + c2 z + d 2 = 0 is given
a1a2 + b1b2 + c1c2
by, cos θ = , here a1 = 2, b1 = −1, c1 = 2, a2 = 6, b2 = −2, c2 = 3
a1 + b12 + c12 a22 + b22 + c22
2

(2)(6) + (−1) (−2) + (2) (3) 20 20

∴ cos θ = = =
2
2 + (−1) + 2 2 2 2
6 + (−2) + 3 2 2 (3) (7) 21
61. Ans. (d), The angle θ between the planes a1 x + b1 y + c1 z + d1 = 0 and a2 x + b2 y + c2 z + d 2 = 0 is given
a1a2 + b1b2 + c1c2
by, cos θ = . Here a1 = 1, b1 = −2, c1 = 3, d1 = −6, a2 = 1, b2 = 2, c2 = 1, d 2 = −1.
a12 + b12 + c12 a22 + b22 + c22
(1)(1) + (−2)(2) + (3)(1) π π
∴ cos θ = = 0 = cos ⇒θ = .
12 + (−2) 2 + 32 12 + 22 + 12 2 2
62. Ans. (d), The angle θ between the planes a1 x + b1 y + c1 z + d1 = 0 and a2 x + b2 y + c2 z + d 2 = 0 is given
a1a2 + b1b2 + c1c2
by, cos θ = . Here a1 = 3, b1 = −4, c1 = 5, a2 = 2, b2 = −1, c2 = −2.
a1 + b12 + c12 a22 + b22 + c22
2

(3)(2) + (−4)(−1) + (5)(−2) π π

∴ cos θ = = 0 = cos ⇒θ =
2
3 + (−4) + 5 2 2 2
2 + (−1) + (−2) 2 2 2 2
π
Hence, the angle between the given planes is .
2
63. Ans. (b), The vector normal to the planes 2 x − 3 y + 4 z = 1 is given by n1 = 2iˆ − 3 ˆj + 4kˆ .
The vector normal to the plane − x + y = 4 is given by n2 = −iˆ + ˆj .

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The angle θ between the given planes is equal to the angle between the vectors normal to these planes.

n1. n2 ( 2iˆ − 3 ˆj + 4kˆ ) . −iˆ + ˆj( )

−2 − 3 + 0
∴ cos θ = = =
n1 n2 2 2 2
2 + (−3) + 4 (−1) + 1 2 2
29 2
−5  −5 
⇒ cos θ = ⇒ θ = cos −1  .
58  58 
 −5 
∴ The angle between the given planes is cos −1  .
 58 
64. Ans. (c), The angle θ between the planes a1 x + b1 y + c1 z + d1 = 0 and a2 x + b2 y + c2 z + d 2 = 0 is given
a1a2 + b1b2 + c1c2
by, cos θ = . Here a1 = 2, b1 = −1, c1 = 1, d1 = −6, a2 = 1, b2 = 1, c2 = 2, d 2 = −7
a12 + b12 + c12 a22 + b22 + c22
(2)(1) + (−1)(1) + (1)(2) 3 3 1 π π
∴ cos θ = = = = = cos ⇒θ = .
2 2 + (−1) 2 + 12 12 + 12 + 2 2 6 6 6 2 3 3
π
Hence, the angle between the given planes is .
3
65. Ans. (c), Two planes r . n1 = q1 and r . n2 = q2 are perpendicular to each other if n1. n2 = 0 .
For the given planes n1 = 2iˆ − λ ˆj + 3kˆ, n2 = λ iˆ + 5 ˆj − kˆ.
∴ The given planes are perpendicular to each other if n1. n2 = 0 .

i.e., if ( 2iˆ − λ ˆj + 3kˆ ) . ( λ iˆ + 5 ˆj − kˆ ) = 0 i.e., if 2λ − 5λ − 3 = 0 i.e., if λ = −1

∴ λ 2 + λ = (−1) 2 + (−1) = 0 .
66. Ans. (d), The vectors 2iˆ − ˆj + 2kˆ and 3iˆ − 6 ˆj + 2kˆ are normal to the planes r . ( 2iˆ − ˆj + 2kˆ ) = 3 and
r . ( 3iˆ − 6 ˆj + 2kˆ ) = 4 respectively. So, the angle between these planes is equal to the angle θ between
the vectors 2iˆ − ˆj + 2kˆ and 3iˆ − 6 ˆj + 2kˆ .
( 2iˆ − ˆj + 2kˆ ) .( 3iˆ − 6 ˆj + 2kˆ ) 6 + 6 + 4 16  16 
We have, cos θ = = = ⇒ θ = cos −1  
2 2 + (−1) 2 + 22 32 + (−6) 2 + 22 (3) (7) 21  21 

 16 
∴ The angle between the two planes is cos −1   .
 21 
67. Ans. (c), The equation of a plane parallel to x-axis is of the form by + cz + d = 0 …(i)
If this plane passes through (2, 3, 1), then 3b + c + d = 0 …(ii)
Also, if this plane passes through (4, –5, 3), then −5b + 3c + d = 0 …(iii)
b c d
Solving equations (ii) and (iii), we get, = = = k (say)
1 − 3 −5 − 3 9 + 5
⇒ b = −2k , c = −8k , d = 14k .
Substituting these values of b, c and d in (i), we get, ( −2k ) y + (−8k ) z + 14k = 0 .
i.e., y + 4 z = 7 which is the required equation.
68. Ans. (d), The equation of a plane parallel to x-axis is of the form by + cz + d = 0 …(i)
If this plane passes through the point (3, 4, 8) then, we have, 4b + 8c + d = 0 …(ii)
If plane (i) passes through the point (1, 2, –1) then, we have, 2b − c + d = 0

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b c d
Solving equations (ii) and (iii) simultaneously, we get, = = = k (say)
8 + 1 2 − 4 −4 − 16
⇒ b = 9k , c = −2k , d = −20k .
Putting these values of b, c, d, in (i), we get,
(9k ) y + (−2k ) z + (−20k ) = 0 i.e., 9 y − 2 z − 20 = 0 …(iii)
This is the equation of the required plane. To find the point at which the plane (iii) meets the z-axis, we
put x = 0, y = 0 in (iii). Then, we get, 9(0) − 2 z − 20 = 0 ⇒ z = −10
∴ The required point is (0, 0, –10).
69. Ans. (a), Equation of a plane passing through the point (0, 1, 2) is of the form
a ( x − 0) + b( y − 1) + c( z − 2) = 0 …(i)
If this plane passes through the point (–1, 0, 3) also, then
a (−1 − 0) + b(0 − 1) + c(3 − 2) = 0 ⇒ − a − b + c = 0 …(ii)
If this plane is perpendicular to the plane 2 x + 3 y + z = 5 , then we have,
∵ A plane a1 x + b1 y + c1 z + d1 = 0 is perpendicular to the 
2a + 3b + c = 0  plane a x + b y + c z + d = 0 if a a + b b + c c = 0 
 2 2 2 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 
a b c
Solving equations (ii) and (iii) simultaneously, we get, = =
−1 − 3 2 + 1 −3 + 2
a b c
⇒ = = = k (say) ⇒ a = −4k , b = 3k , c = − k .
−4 3 −1
Substituting these values of a, b, c in (i), we get, −4k ( x − 0) + 3k ( y − 1) − k ( z − 2) = 0
⇒ 4 x − 3 y + z + 1 = 0, which is the required equation.
70. Ans. (b), Let the required equation of the plane be ax + by + cz + d = 0 …(i)
This plane passes through the points (1, 0, –1) and (3, 2, 2).
∴ a (1) + b(0) + c(−1) + d = 0 i.e., a − c + d = 0 …(ii)
and a (3) + b(2) + c(2) + d = 0 i.e., 3a + 2b + 2c + d = 0 …(iii)
x −1 y −1 z − 2
Also, plane (i) is parallel to the line − = .
1 −2 3
So, the normal to this plane is perpendicular to this line.
∴ (1) (a ) + (−2) (b) + (3) (c) = 0 i.e., a − 2b + 3c = 0 …(iv)
Adding (iii) and (iv), we get, 4a + 5c + d = 0 .
a c d
Solving (iii) and (v) simultaneously, we get, = =
−1 − 5 4 − 1 5 + 4
a c d a c d
⇒ = = ⇒ = = = k (say) ⇒ a = −2k , c = k , d = 3k .
−6 3 9 −2 1 3
1
Substituting these values of a, c, d in (iii) we get, b = k.
2
1
Putting a = −2k , b = k , c = k , d = 3k in (i), we get, (−4k ) x + (k ) y + (2k ) z + (6k ) = 0
2
⇒ 4 x − y − 2 z = 6 , which is the required equation of the plane.
71. Ans. (c), The equation of a plane passing through the point (1, 1, 1) is of the form
a ( x − 1) + b( y − 1) + c( z − 1) = 0 …(i)
Since this plane is perpendicular to the plane x + 2 y + 3 z = 7 we have:

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a + 2b + 3c = 0 …(ii)
[∵ If two planes a1 x + b1 y + c1 z + d1 = 0 and a2 x + b2 y + c2 z + d 2 = 0 are perpendicular to each other
then a1a2 + b1b2 + c1c2 = 0 ]
Also, plane (i) is perpendicular to the plane 2 x − 3 y + 4 z = 0.
∴ 2a − 3b + 4c = 0 …(iii)
a b c
Solving (ii) and (iii) simultaneously, we get, = = = k (say)
8 + 9 6 − 4 −3 − 4
⇒ a = 17 k , b = 2k , c = −7 k .
Substituting these value of a, b, c in (i), we get, 17 k ( x − 1) + 2k ( y − 1) − 7 k ( z − 1) = 0
⇒ a = 17 x + 2 y − 7 z = 12, which is the required equation of the plane.
x−2 y −3 z −4
72. Ans. (c), The given line is = = …(i)
2 3 5
Any plane through this line passes through the point (2, 3, 4) and therefore has an equation of the form
a ( x − 2) + b( y − 3) + c( z − 4) = 0 …(ii)
The d.r.’s of the normal to this plane are a, b, c .
The normal to plane (ii) is perpendicular to line (i) which has d.r.’s 2, 3, 5. ∴ 2a + 3b + 5c = 0
Also, plane (ii) is parallel to x-axis and so the normal to plane (ii) is perpendicular to x-axis.
∴ (1)(a ) + (0) (b) + (0)(c) = 0 [∵ d.c.’s of x-axis are 1, 0, 0]
i.e., a + (0)b + (0) c = 0
a b c
Solving (iii) and (iv), we get, = = = λ (say) ⇒ a = 0, b = 5λ , c = −3λ
0 5 −3
Substituting these values of a, b, c in (ii), we get, 0( x − 2) + (5λ ) ( y − 3) − 3λ ( z − 4) = 0
⇒ 5 y − 3 z − 3 = 0, which is the required equation of the plane.
73. Ans. (c), Let the required equation of the plane be ax + by + cz + d = 0 …(i)
Since this plane passes through the point (3, –3, 1), we have,
3a − 3b + c + d = 0 …(ii) [Putting x = 3, y = −3, z = 1 in (i)]
The plane (i) is perpendicular to the plane 7 x + y + 2 z = 6 .
∴ 7 a + b + 2c = 0 …(iii)
[∵ If two planes a1 x + b1 y + c1 z + d1 = 0 and a2 x + b2 y + c2 z + d 2 = 0 are perpendicular to each other
then a1a2 + b1b2 + c1c2 = 0 ]
The plane (i) is perpendicular to the plane 3 x + 5 y − 6 z = 8 ∴ 3a + 5b − 6c = 0 …(iv)
a b c
Solving (iii) and (iv), we get, = =
−6 − 10 6 + 42 35 − 3
a b c a b c
⇒ = = ⇒ = = = k (say) ⇒ a = k , b = −3k , c = −2k .
−16 48 32 1 −3 −2
Putting these values of a, b, c in (ii) we get: d = −10k .
Substituting a = k , b = −3k , c = −2k and d = −10k in (i), we get, kx − 3ky − 2kz − 10k = 0
i.e., x − 3 y − 2 z = 10, which is the required equation of the plane.
74. Ans. (a), The given line is r = −3 ˆj + kˆ + λ ( 2iˆ + 5 ˆj − kˆ ) …(i)
This line is parallel to the vector 2iˆ + 5 ˆj − kˆ and therefore its direction ratios are 2, 5, –1.
Now, the equation of plane passing through the point (–1, –2, 0) is of the form
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a ( x + 1) + b( y + 2) + c( z − 0) = 0 …(ii)
If this plane passes through the point (2, 3, 5) also, then we have,
a (2 + 1) + b(3 + 2) + c(5 − 0) = 0 [Putting x = 2, y = 3, z = 5 in (ii)]
⇒ 3a + 5b + 5c = 0 …(iii)
If the plane (ii) is parallel to line (i), then the normal to the plane (ii) is perpendicular to line (i), so we
have, 2a + 5b − c = 0 …(iv)
[∵ The d.r.’s the normal to plane (ii) are a, b, c and the d.r.’s of line (i) are 2, 5, − 1 ]
a b c
Solving equations (iii) and (iv) simultaneously, we get, = =
−5 − 25 10 + 3 15 − 10
a b c
⇒ = = = λ ⇒ a = −30λ , b = 13λ , c = 5λ
−30 13 5
Substituting these values of a, b, c in (ii), we get, −30λ ( x + 1) + 13λ ( y + 2) + 5λ ( z − 0) = 0
⇒ − 30 x + 13 y + 5 z − 4 = 0 ⇒ ( xiˆ + yjˆ + zkˆ ) . ( −30iˆ + 13 ˆj + 5kˆ ) = 4

⇒ r . ( −30iˆ + 13 ˆj + 5kˆ ) = 4, where r = xiˆ + yiˆ + zkˆ , which is the required equation of the plane.
x y z
75. Ans. (a), The given line is = = …(i)
2 2 1
The given plane is 2 x − 2 y + z = 1 …(ii)
x − x1 y − y1 z − z1
The angle θ between the line = = and the plane a2 x + b2 y + c2 z + d = 0 is given by
a1 b1 c1
a1a2 + b1b2 + c1c2
sin θ =
a12 + b12 + c12 a22 + b22 + c22
∴ The angle θ between line (i) and plane (ii) is given by
(2) (2) + (2) (−2) + (1) (1) 1 1
sin θ = = ⇒ θ = sin −1   .
2
2 + 2 +1 2 2 2 2
2 + (−2) + 1 2 9 9
x − x1 y1 − y1 z − z1
76. Ans. (b), The angle θ between the line = = and the plane a2 x + b2 y + c2 z + d = 0
a1 b1 c1
a1a2 + b1b2 + c1c2
is given by, sin θ =
a12 + b12 + c12 a22 + b22 + c22
x − 3 y −1 z + 4
∴ The angle θ beween the line = = and the plane x + y + z + 5 = 0 is given by
2 1 −2
(2)(1) + (1)(1) + (−2)(1) 1  1 
sin θ = = ⇒ θ = sin −1  .
22 + 12 + (−2) 2 12 + 12 + 12 3 3 3 3
[∵ a1 = 2, b1 = 1, c1 = −2, a2 = 1, b2 = 1, c2 = 1] .
77. Ans. (d), The angle θ between a line having d.r.’s a1 , b1 , c1 and a plane a2 x + b2 y + c2 z + d = 0 is given
a1a2 + b1b2 + c1c2
by, sin θ =
a1 + b12 + c12 a22 + b22 + c22
2

∴ Angle θ between the line having d.r.’s 1, –1, 1 and the plane 4 x − y + z − 1 = 0 is given by
(1)(4) + (−1)(−1) + (1)(1) 6 6 6
sin θ = = = − .
12 + (−1) 2 + 12 42 + (−1) 2 + 12 3 18 3 6 3

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x + 1 y −1 z − 2
78. Ans. (c), The d.r.’s of the line = = are 3, 2, 4.
3 2 4
The d.r.’s of the normal to the plane 2 x + y − 3 z + 4 = 0 are 2, 1, –3.
∴ The angle θ between the given line and the given plane is such that
(3)(2) + (2)(1) + (4)(−3) −4
sin θ = =
32 + 2 2 + 42 2 2 + 12 + (−3)2 29 14
16 29 × 14 29 × 14
⇒ sin 2 θ = ⇒ cosec 2 1 = ⇒ 8 cosec 2 θ =
= 203.
29 × 14 16 2
1 5
x− z−
3x − 1 y + 3 5 − 2 z 3= y − ( − 3) 2
79. Ans. (d), The given line is = = i.e., = …(i)
3 −1 4 1 −1 −2
The given plane is 3 x − 3 y − 6 z = 10 …(ii)
x − x1 y − y1 z − z1
The angle θ betwen the line = = and the plane a2 x + b2 y + c2 z + d = 0 is given by
a1 b1 c1
a1a2 + b1b2 + c1c2
sin θ =
a + b12 + c12 a22 + b22 + c22
2
1

∴ The angle θ between line (i) and plane (ii) is given by

(1)(3) + (−1)(−3) + (−2)(−6) 18 π
sin θ = = =1 ⇒θ = .
12 + (−1) 2 + (−2) 2 32 + (−3) 2 + (−6) 2 6 54 2
x +1 y −1 z + 2
80. Ans. (d), The given line is = = …(i)
λ 1 −4
Its direction ratios are λ , 1, − 4 .
The given plane is 2 x + 2 y − 8 z + 5 = 0 …(ii)
The direction ratios of the normal to this plane are 2, 2, –8.
Now, if line (i) is perpendicular to the plane (ii), then line (i) is parallel to the normal to the plane (ii)
i.e., the line with d.r.’s λ , 1, − 4 is parallel to the line with d.r.’s 2, 2, –8.
λ 1 −4
And so, == ⇒ λ = 1.
2 2 −8
81. Ans. (a), The direction ratios of the line PQ are 0 – 0, 0 –1, 1 – 0, i.e., 0 –1, 1.
The direction ratios of the normal to the plane x + y + z = 3 are 1, 1, 1.
The angle θ between the line PQ and the plane ( x + y + z = 3) is given by
(0)(1) + (−1)(1) + (1)(1)
sin θ = =0 ⇒ θ = 0.
0 2 + (−1) 2 + 12 12 + 12 + 12
∴ The line PQ is parallel to the plane ( x + y + z = 3) .
Clearly, the projection of line segment PQ on this plane = length of line segment PQ

= (0 − 0) 2 + (0 − 1) 2 + (1 − 0) 2 = 2
82. Ans. (b), The equation of the line segment joining the points P (4,8,10) and Q(6,10, − 8) is given by
x − 4 y −8 z − 10 x − 4 y − 8 z − 10
= = i.e., = =
6 − 4 10 − 8 −8 − 10 2 2 −18
x − 4 y − 8 z − 10
i.e., = = = λ (say) …(i)
1 1 −9

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Any point on this line is (λ + 4, λ + 8, − 9λ + 10) .
−10 10
If ths point lies on the xy − plane i.e., on the plane z = 0 then, −9λ + 10 = 0 ⇒ λ = = .
−9 9
 10 10   46 82 
∴ The plane z = 0 intersects the line segment PQ at point  + 4, + 8, 0  i.e.,  , , 0 
9 9   9 9 
Let this point divide the line segment PQ in the ratio m :1 .
m(−8) + 1(10) −10 5
Then, 0 = ⇒ m= = .
m +1 −8 4
∴ Plane divides the line segment in the ratio 5 : 4 (internally).
Alternatively-1 : Let the xy-plane i.e., the plane z = 0 divide the line segment joining the points
P (4,8,10) and Q(6,10, −8) in the ratio m : 1.
Then, the z-coordinate of the point (α , β , γ ) of intersection of the line segment PQ and the xy-plane is
 −8m + 10 
given by γ =   . Now, this point (α , β , γ ) lies on the xy-plane. (i.e., on the plane z = 0 )
 m +1 
−8m + 10 −10 5
∴ γ =0 ⇒ =0 ⇒m = =
m +1 −8 4
5
Thus, the required ratio is m :1 i.e., :1 i.e.,5 : 4 (internally)
4
Alternatively-2 : The given plane is the xy-plane i.e., the plane z = 0 .
We know that, the plane ax + by + cz + d = 0 divides the line joining the points ( x1 , y1 , z1 ) and
−(ax1 + by1 + cz1 + d )
( x2 , y2 , z2 ) in the ratio .
(ax2 + by2 + cz2 + d )
∴ The given plane z = 0 divides the line joining the points P (4,8,10) and Q(6,10 , − 8) in the ratio
−10 5
i.e., i.e., 5 : 4
−8 4
83. Ans. (a), The XOZ plane i.e., the plane y = 0 divides the line segment joining the points P(2,3,1) and
(3)
Q(6, 7, 1) in the ratio − i.e., − 3 : 7 .
7
[∵ The plane ax + by + cz + d = 0 divides the line segment joining the points ( x1 , y1 , z1 ) and
− ( a1 x + b1 y + c1 z + d )
( x2 , y2 , z2 ) in the ratio ]
( a2 x + b2 y + c2 z + d )
84. Ans. (c), The equation of the line AB passing through the points A(5, 1, 6) and B (3, 4,1) is given by
x − 5 y −1 z − 6
= = = λ (say) …(i)
−2 3 −5
[∵ Line AB has d.r.’s 3 − 5, 4 − 1, 1 − 6 i.e., − 2,3, − 5 . Also, line AB passes through A ( 5, 1, 6 ) .]
Any point on this line is (−2λ + 5, 3λ + 1, − 5λ + 6) .
Let N (−2λ + 5, 3λ + 1, − 5λ + 6) be the point on line (i) where line (i) crosses the yz-plane
i.e., the plane x = 0 .
5
Then, the point N lies on the plane x = 0 . ∴ − 2λ + 5 = 0 ⇒ λ = .
2
5  17 −13 
Putting λ = , we get the coordinates of the point N (i.e., the required point) as  0, , .
2  2 2 

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b .n
85. Ans. (d), The angle θ between the line r = a + λ b and the plane r . n = q is given by sin θ = .
| b || n |
The angle θ between the line r = ( 3iˆ − 4 ˆj + kˆ ) + λ ( iˆ − ˆj + kˆ ) and the plane r . ( 2iˆ − ˆj + kˆ ) = 3 is given

by, sin θ =
( iˆ − ˆj + kˆ ) . ( 2iˆ − ˆj + kˆ ) = 4 = 2 2 ⇒ θ = sin −1  2 2 
 
12 + (−1) 2 + 12 22 + (−1) 2 + 12 3 6 3  3 
86. Ans. (c), The given line r = (2,3, 4) + k (3, 4,5) has d.r.’s 3, 4, 5. This line is perpendicular to the
required plane. So, the equation of the required plane is of the form 3 x + 4 y + 5 z + d = 0
Now, this plane passes through the point (1, 1, 0)
∴ 3(1) + 4(1) + 5(0) + d = 0 [Putting x = 1, y = 1, z = 0 in (i)]
⇒ d = −7 . Putting d = −7 in (i) we get, 3 x + 4 y + 5 z = 7, which is the required equation.
87. Ans. (b), Let P be the point where the line segment joining the points 3iˆ − 5 ˆj + 8kˆ and −2iˆ + 4 ˆj + 7 kˆ
meets the plane r . ( iˆ − 2 ˆj + 2kˆ ) = 17 . Let the point P divide this line segment in the ratio λ :1 .
 − 2λ + 3 ˆ 4λ − 5 ˆ 7 λ + 8 ˆ 
Then, the p.v. of the point P is  i+ j+ k.
 λ +1 λ +1 λ +1 
 −2λ + 3 ˆ 4λ − 5 ˆ 7λ + 8 ˆ  ˆ
This point P must lie on the given plane. ∴  i+ j+ k  . ( i − 2 ˆj + 2kˆ ) = 17
 λ +1 λ +1 λ +1 
 − 2λ + 3   4λ − 5   7λ + 8 
⇒  (1) +   (−2) +   (2) = 17
 λ +1   λ +1   λ +1 
12 12
⇒ 4λ + 29 = 17λ + 17 ⇒ 13λ = 12 ⇒ λ = . ∴ The required ratio is :1 i.e., 12 :13 .
13 13
88. Ans. (c), The given line is r = iˆ − ˆj + kˆ + t ( iˆ + ˆj − kˆ ) …(i)

and the given plane is r . ( iˆ + ˆj + kˆ ) = 5 …(ii)

{ }
If line (i) meets the plane (ii), then iˆ − ˆj + kˆ + t ( iˆ + ˆj − kˆ ) . ( iˆ + ˆj + kˆ ) = 5

{ }
⇒ (1 + t ) iˆ + ( −1 + t ) ˆj + (1 − t ) kˆ . ( iˆ + ˆj + kˆ ) = 5

⇒ (1 + t ) (1) + ( −1 + t ) (1) + (1 − t ) (1) = 5 ⇒ 1 + t = 5 ⇒ t = 4.

Substituting t = 4 in (i) we get, r = ( iˆ − ˆj + kˆ ) + 4 ( iˆ + ˆj − kˆ )
⇒ r = 5iˆ + 3 ˆj − 3kˆ , which is the position vector of the point where the line (i) meets the plane (ii).
89. Ans. (d), The given equation of the line is, r = (1 + 2µ ) iˆ + ( 2 + µ ) ˆj + ( 2µ − 1) kˆ

i.e., r = ( iˆ + 2 ˆj − kˆ ) + µ ( 2iˆ + ˆj + 2kˆ ) …(i)

The given plane is 3 x − 2 y + 6 z = 0 . The direction ratios of the normal to this plane are 3, –2, 6. Also,
this plane passes through the origin.
∴ The equation of this plane, in vector form is, r . ( 3iˆ − 2 ˆj + 6kˆ ) = 0
b. n
Now, if θ is the angle between the line r = a + µ b and the plane r . n = q , then sin θ = .
|b | |n |
Here b = 2iˆ + ˆj + 2kˆ, n = 3iˆ − 2 ˆj + 6kˆ

∴ sin θ =
( 2iˆ + ˆj + 2kˆ ) . ( 3iˆ − 2 ˆj + 6kˆ ) =
16  16 
⇒ θ = sin −1   .
2
2 +1 + 2 2 2 2 2
3 + (−2) + 6 2 21  21 

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Alternatively : The given equation of the line is, r = (1 + 2 µ ) iˆ + (2 + µ ) ˆj + (2µ − 1)kˆ …(i)
Putting r = xiˆ + yjˆ + zkˆ in (i), we get, xiˆ + yjˆ + zkˆ = (1 + 2µ ) iˆ + ( 2 + µ ) ˆj + ( 2µ − 1) kˆ
Comparing the coefficients of iˆ. ˆj and kˆ on both sides, we get,
x −1 y − 2 z +1
x = 1 + 2µ , y = 2 + µ , z = 2 µ − 1 ⇒
= = =µ …(ii)
2 1 2
This is the equation of the given line in Cartesian Form.
The equation of the given plane is, 3 x − 2 y + 6 z = 0 …(iii)
The angle θ between the line (ii) and the plane (iii) is given by
(2)(3) + (1)(−2) + (2)(6) 16  16 
sin θ = = ⇒ θ = sin −1   .
22 + 12 + 2 2 32 + (−2) 2 + 62 21  21 
90. Ans. (d), The given planes is x + 2 y − 2 z − 9 = 0 …(i)
(3) + 2(4) − 2(7) − 9 −12
The distance of the plane (i) from the point (3, 4, 7) = = −4 = 4
12 + 2 2 + ( −2 )
2 3

ax1 + by1 + cz1 + d

[∵ The distance of a plane ax + by + cz + d = 0 the point ( x1 , y1 , z1 ) = ]
a 2 + b2 + c2
91. Ans. (b), The distance of a point ( x1 , y1 , z1 ) from a plane ( ax + by + cz + d = 0 )
= The length of the perpendicular drawn from ( x1 , y1 , z1 ) to the plane ( ax + by + cz + d = 0 )
ax 1 + by1 + cz1 + d
=
a2 + b2 + c2
∴ The distance of the point (2, 1, –1) from the plane ( x − 2 y + 4 z = 9)
1(2) + (−2) (1) + (4) (−1) − 9 −13 13
= = = .
12 + (−2) 2 + 42 21 21
92. Ans. (c), The given planes are, 2 x − 2 y + z + 3 = 0 …(i)
5
and 4 x − 4 y + 2 z + 5 = 0 i.e., 2 x − 2 y + z + =0 …(ii)
2
5 1
3−   1
The distance between these two parallel planes = 2 = 2 = .
22 + (−2) 2 + 12 3 6

[∵ The distance between two parallel planes ax + by + cz + d1 = 0 and ax + by + cz + d 2 = 0 is given by

d1 − d 2
p= ]
a 2 + b2 + c2

93. Ans. (a), The distance of a point ( x1 , y1 , z1 ) from a plane ( ax + by + cz + d = 0 )

= Length of the perpendicular drawn from ( x1 , y1 , z1 ) to the plane ( ax + by + cz + d = 0 )
ax1 + by1 + cz1 + d
=
a 2 + b2 + c2
∴ The distance of the point (2, 3, 4) from the plane (3 x − 6 y + 2 z + 11 = 0) .
(3)(2) + (−6)(3) + (2)(4) + 11 7
= = = 1.
32 + (−6) 2 + 22 49

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94. Ans. (d), The given plane are 4 x + 2 y + 4 z + 5 = 0 ...(i)
and 2 x + y + 2 z − 8 = 0 i.e., 4 x + 2 y + 4 z − 16 = 0 …(ii)
5 − (−16) 21 21 7
The distance between these two parallel planes = = = =
42 + 2 2 + 42 36 6 2
[∵ The distance between two parallel planes ax + by + cz + d1 = 0 and ax + by + cz + d 2 = 0 is given by
d1 − d 2
p= ]
a 2 + b2 + c2

95. Ans. (b), The given planes are x + 2 y − 2 z + 1 = 0 i.e., 2 x + 4 y − 4 z + 2 = 0 …(i)

and 2 x + 4 y − 4 z + 5 = 0 …(ii)
2−5 −3 3 1
The distance between these two parallel planes = = = =
2 2
2 + 4 + (−4) 2 36 6 2

[∵ The distance between two parallel planes ax + by + cz + d1 = 0 and ax + by + cz + d 2 = 0 is given by

d1 − d 2
p= ]
a 2 + b2 + c2

96. Ans. (c), The equation of a plane parallel to the given planes is of the form
x + 2 y + 3z + k = 0 …(i)
k − (−5) k +5
Distance between plane (i) and the plane x + 2 y + 3 z − 5 = 0 , l1 = =
2
1 +2 +3 2 2 14
k − (−7) k +7
Distance between plane (ii) and the plane x + 2 y + 3 z − 7 = 0 , l2 = = .
2
1 +2 +3 2 2 14
Plane (i) is equidistant from the two given planes
k +5 k +7
∴ l1 = l2 ⇒ = ⇒ k +5 = k +7
14 14
2 2
⇒ ( k + 5) = ( k + 7 ) ⇒ k 2 + 10k + 25 = k 2 + 14k + 49 ⇒ 4k = −24 ⇒ k = −6
Substituting k = −6 in (i), we get the equation of reqd. plane as x + 2 y + 3 z − 6 = 0 .

97. Ans. (b), Distance of the point (1, 1, 1) from the origin (0, 0, 0) = (1 − 0)2 + (1 − 0) 2 + (1 − 0)2 = 3
ax1 + by1 + cz1 + d
Distance of a point ( x1 , y1 , z1 ) from the plane ( ax + by + cz + d = 0 ) =
a 2 + b2 + c2
∴ Distance of the point (1, 1, 1) from the plane ( x + y + z + k = 0 )
(1)(1) + (1)(1) + (1)(1) + k k +3
= = .
12 + 12 + 12 3
Now, distance of the point (1, 1, 1) from origin
1
= {Distance of point (1, 1, 1) from the plane ( x + y + z + k = 0) }
2
1 k +3 k +3
⇒ 3= ⇒ ±2 3 = ⇒ k + 3 = ± 6 ⇒ k = 3 or k = −9
2 3 3
98. Ans. (c), The given equations of the planes are 6 x − 2 y + 3 z + 2 = 0 …(i)

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6 x − 2 y + 3z − 4 = 0 …(ii)
3
12 x − 4 y + 6 z + 3 = 0 i.e., 6 x − 2 y + 3 z + =0 …(iii)
2
6 x − 2 y + 3z + 6 = 0 …(iv)
The distance between two parallel planes ax + by + cz + d1 = 0 and ax + by + cz + d 2 = 0 is given by
d1 − d 2
D=
a2 + b2 + c2
3 1
2−
2 − ( −4 )
6 12 2 1
∴ d1 = = = , d2 = =2=
62 + (−2) 2 + 32 7 14 62 + (−2) 2 + 32 7 14
2−6 4 8
d3 = = =
2
6 + (−2) + 3 2 2 7 14

12 1 8
Clearly, we have, d1 − 4d 2 = − 4   = = d3 .
4  14  4
99. Ans. (c), The shortest distance p of the given point from the given plane
= Length of the perpendicular drawn from the given point to the given plane
Now, the p.v.of the given point is a = 2iˆ + 10 ˆj + kˆ .
a. n − d
The given line is r . n = d where n = 3iˆ − ˆj + 4kˆ and d = 2 26 . ∴ p =
n
( 2iˆ + 10 ˆj + kˆ ) . ( 3iˆ − ˆj + 4kˆ ) − 2 26 0 − 2 26 2 26
= = = =2.
2
3 + (−1) + 4 2 2
26 26

100. Ans. (c), The given planes are r . ( iˆ + 2 ˆj − 2kˆ ) = −5 …(i)

and r . ( iˆ + 2 ˆj − 2kˆ ) = 8 …(ii)

The distance between these two parallel planes is given by
−5 − 8 −13 13
D= = = .
iˆ + ˆj − 2kˆ 12 + 22 + (−2) 2 3

101. Ans. (b), The given line is r = ( 2iˆ + 2 ˆj − kˆ ) + λ ( 2iˆ + ˆj − 2kˆ ) …(i)

Its d.r.’s are 2, 1, –2. The given plane is r . ( iˆ + 2 ˆj + 2kˆ ) = 10 .

The d.r.’s of the normal to this plane are 1, 2, 2.
We have, (2) (1) + (1) (2) + (–2) (2) = 0.
∴ The line (i) is perpendicular to the normal to the plane (ii)
i.e., the line (i) is parallel to plane (ii).
a. n − d
Now, the distance l between the line r = a + λ b and the plane r . n = d is given by l = .
n
Here we have, a = 2iˆ + 2 ˆj − kˆ, n = iˆ + 2 ˆj + 2kˆ, d = 10 .

( 2iˆ + 2 ˆj − kˆ ) . ( iˆ + 2 ˆj + 2kˆ ) − 10 4 − 10 6
∴ l= = = = 2.
iˆ + 2 ˆj + 2kˆ 12 + 22 + 22 3

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102. Ans. (a), Let the equation of the required plane be ax + by + cz + d = 0 . …(i)
If P(2, − 1, 3) is the foot of the perpendicular drawn from the origin O(0, 0, 0) to the plane (i), then
line OP is perpendicular to the plane (i).
The d.r.’s of the line OP which is normal to the plane (i) are 2 − 0, − 1 − 0, 3 − 0 i.e., 2, − 1, 3.
∴ a = 2, b = −1, c = 3 [∵ The d.r.’s of the normal to the plane ax + by + cz + d = 0 are a, b, c ]
Substituting these values of a, b, c in (i), the equation of the plane is reduced to
2 x − y + 3z + d = 0 …(ii)
Now, this plane passes through the point (2, –1, 3).
∴ 2(2) − (−1) + 3(3) + d = 0 ⇒ d = −14 .
Putting d = −14 in (ii), we get, 2 x − y + 3 z − 14 = 0, which is the required equation.
103. Ans. (c), The given line is r = ( 2iˆ − 2 j + 3kˆ ) + λ ( iˆ − ˆj + 4kˆ ) …(i)
This line is parallel to the vector iˆ − ˆj + 4kˆ and therefore has direction ratios 1, –1, 4.
The given planes is r . ( iˆ + 5 ˆj + kˆ ) = 5 …(ii)
The vector iˆ + 5 ˆj + kˆ is normal tot this plane and so the direction ratios of the normal to plane (ii) are
1, 5, 1. We have (1) (1) + (–1) (5) + (4) (1) = 0.
∴ The line (i) is perpendicular to the normal to the plane (ii) i.e., the line (i) is parallel to plane (ii).
a. n − d
Now, the distance l between the line r = a + λ b and the plane r . n = d is given by l = .
n
Here we have, a = 2iˆ − 2 ˆj + 3kˆ, n = iˆ + 5 ˆj + kˆ, d = 5 .
( 2iˆ − 2 ˆj + 3kˆ ) .( iˆ + 5 ˆj + kˆ ) − 5 ( 2 − 10 + 3) − 5 10
∴ l= = = .
iˆ + 5 ˆj + kˆ 2 2
1 + 5 +1 2
3 3
104. Ans. (a), Let N be the foot of the perpendicular drawn from the point P(7, 14, 5) to the plane
2x + 4 y − z = 2 .
x − 7 y − 14 z − 5 P (7,14,5)
Then, the equations of the PN are = = = λ (say)
2 4 −1
[∵ Line PN passes through P ( 7, 14, 5 )
and is normal to plane 2 x + 4 y − z = 2 so it has d.r.’s 2, 4, − 1 .] N
2x + 4 y − z = 2
Any point on this line is ( 2λ + 7, 4λ + 14, − λ + 5 ) .
∴ The point N has coordinates ( 2λ + 7, 4λ + 14, − λ + 5 ) for a particular value of λ .
Since N lies on the plane 2 x + 4 y − z = 2, we have, 2(2λ + 7) + 4(4λ + 14) − (−λ + 5) = 2
⇒ 21λ + 63 = 0 ⇒ λ = −3 .
Putting λ = −3, we get the coordinates of the point N are (1, 2, 8). Thus, the foot of the perpendicular
from the point (7, 14, 5) to the plane 7 x + 4 y − z = 2 is (1, 2, 8).
105. Ans. (b), Let the equation of the required plane be ax + by + cz + d = 0 …(i)
If Q(3, 1, 2) is the foot of the perpendicular drawn from the point P(−2, 1, 4) to the plane (i), then line
PQ is perpendicular to the plane (i).
The direction ratios of the line PQ which is normal to the plane (i) are
3 − (−2), 1 − 1, 2 − 4 i.e., 5, 0, − 2 ∴ a = 5, b = 0, c = −2 .
[∵ The d.r.’s of the normal to the plane ax + by + cz + d = 0 are a, b, c .]

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Substituting these values of a, b, c in (i), the equation of the plane is reduced to
5x + 0 y − 2z + d = 0 …(ii) P ( −2,1, 4)
Now, this plane passes through the point (3, 1, 2).
∴ 5(3) − 2(2) + d = 0 ⇒ d = −11 .
Putting d = −11 in (ii), we get,
5 x − 2 z = 11, which is the required equation of plane π . Q (3,1, 2)
Alternatively : The required plane passes through the point (3, 1, 2).
So, its equation is of the form a ( x − 3) + b( y − 1) + c( z − 2) = 0 …(i)
Now, the line joining the points P(2, 1, 4) and Q(3, 1, 2) is normal to the plane (i)
∴ The d.r.’s of the normal to plane (i) are 3 − (−2), 1 − 1, 2 − 4 i.e., 5, 0, –2.
So, we have, a = 5, b = 0, c = −2 .
Substituting these values of a, b, c in (i), we get the equation of the required plane as
5( x − 3) + (−2)( z − 2) = 0 i.e., 5 x − 2 z = 11 .
x y z
106. Ans. (a), The given line is = = …(i)
2 3 −6
Its d.r.’s are 2, 3, –6.
∴ The equation of a line parallel to line (i) and passing through the point P(1, − 2,3) is
x −1 y + 2 z − 3
= = = λ (say) …(ii) P (1, −2, 3)
2 3 −6

(i)
(ii)
[∵ This line has d.r.’s same as line (i)]

e
e
lin
Any point on line (ii) is of the form (2λ + 1, 3λ − 2, − 6λ + 3) .

lin
Let Q be the point on line (ii) scuh that Q lies on the given plane Q
x− y+ z =5 …(iii)
Then, the coordinates of Q are (2λ + 1, 3λ − 2, − 6λ + 3) for a particular value of λ and we have,
1
(2λ + 1) − (3λ − 2) + (−6λ + 3) = 5 ⇒ − 7λ = −1 ⇒ λ =
7
1  9 −11 15 
Using λ = , we get the coordinates of Q as  , , 
7 7 7 7 
2 2 2
 9   11   15  4 9 36
∴ PQ =  − 1 +  − + 2  +  − 3  = + + =1
7   7  7  49 49 49
Hence, the required distance is 1 unit.
107. Ans. (c), The projection of a point A on a plane π is the foot of the perpendicular drawn from the
point A to the plane π .
Let N be the foot of the perpendicular drawn from the point A(1, 2, 3) to the plane x + y + z = 15 .
x −1 y − 2 z − 3 A (1, 2,3)
Then, the equation of the line AN is, = = = λ (say)
1 1 1
[∵ Line AN passes through A (1, 2, 3)
and is normal to plane x + y + z = 15 , so it has d.r.’s 1, 1, 1.] N
Any point on this line is (λ + 1, λ + 2, λ + 3) . x + y + z = 15

∴ The point N has coordinates (λ + 1, λ + 2, λ + 3) for a particular value of λ .

Since N lies on the plane x + y + z = 15, so we have, (λ + 1) + (λ + 2) + (λ + 3) = 15 ⇒ λ = 3
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Putting λ = 3 , we get the coordinates of N as (4, 5, 6).
Hence, the projection of the point A(1, 2, 3) on the plane x + y + z = 15 is (4,5, 6) .
x −1 y −1 z −1
108. Ans. (d), The given line is = = …(i)
3 0 4
Its d.r.’s are 3, 0, 4. The equation of a plane passing through a point P ( x1 , y1 , z1 ) and perpendicular to a
line having d.r.’s a, b, c is, a ( x − x1 ) + b( y − y1 ) + c( z − z1 ) = 0 .
∴ The equation of a plane passing through the point (1, 1, 1) and perpendicular to the line having
d.r.’s 3, 0, 4 is, 3( x − 1) + 0( y − 1) + 4( z − 1) = 0
i.e., 3 x + 4 z − 7 = 0 , which is the required plane. …(ii)
3(0) + 4(0) − 7 −7 7
The perpendicular distance of this plane from the origin is, p = = = .
32 + 0 2 + 42 25 5
[∵ The perpendicular distance of a point ( x1 , y1 , z1 ) from the plane ax + by + cz + d = 0 is
ax1 + by1 + cz1 + d
p= ]
a2 + b2 + c2
y−7 z +7 x +1 y − 3 z + 2
109. Ans. (b), The equation of the plane containing the lines x = = and = = is
−3 2 −3 2 1
x−0 y−7 z+7
1 −3 2 = 0 i.e., x(−3 − 4) − ( y − 7) (1 + 6) + ( z + 7) (2 − 9) = 0
−3 2 1
i.e., −7 x − 7 y − 7 z = 0 i.e., x + y + z = 0
x−2 y −3 z −4 x −1 y − 2 z − 3
110. Ans. (a), The lines = = and = = are coplanar if
3 k 2 2 3 k
1− 2 2 − 3 3 − 4 −1 −1 −1
3 k 2 = 0 i.e., if 3 k 2 =0
2 3 k 2 3 k
i.e., if (−1) (k 2 − 6) + 1(3k − 4) − 1(9 − 2k ) = 0 i.e., if k 2 − 5k + 7 = 0 .
This equation has no real root since, D = (−5)2 − (4) (1) (7) = −3 < 0
Hence, the given lines are coplanar for no real value of k.
x −1 y − 2 z
111. Ans. (d), The equations of the given lines can be written as = = …(i)
1 1 1
   
 2 3
5 9
x− y−
3= 4= z …(ii)
1 1 1
     
3  4  3
x −1 y − 2 z
1 1
The equation of the plane containing the lines (i) and (ii) is, 1 =0
2 3
1 1 1
3 4 3
1 1  1 1 1 1
i.e., ( x − 1)  −  − ( y − 2)  −  + z  −  = 0
 6 12  3 9 4 6

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1 2 1
i.e., ( x − 1) − ( y − 2) + z = 0 i.e., 3( x − 1) − 8( y − 2) + 3 z = 0 i.e., 3 x − 8 y + 3 z + 13 = 0
12 9 12
112. Ans. (d), The lines x − y + z + 1 = 0 = x − 3 y + 4 z + 6 and
1 −1 1 1
1 −3 4 6
4 x + 3 y − 2 z + 3 = 0 = λ x − 4 y + 7 z + 16 are coplanar if =0
4 3 −2 3
λ −4 7 16
0 0 0 1
−5 3 −2 6
i.e., if =0 [C1 → C1 − C4 , C2 → C2 + C4 , C3 → C3 − C4 ]
1 6 −5 3
λ − 16 12 −9 16
−5 3 −2
i.e., if 1 6 −5 = 0 [Expanding by R1]
λ − 16 12 −9
i.e., if −5 ( −54 + 60 ) − 3 ( −9 + 5λ − 80 ) − 2 (12 − 6λ + 96 ) = 0
i.e., if −3λ + 21 = 0 i.e.,if λ = 7 .
113. Ans. (a), The equation of the plane containing the lines a1 x + b1 y + c1 z + d1 = 0 = a2 x + b2 y + c2 z + d 2
x − x1 y − y1 z − z1 a x + b1 y + c1 z + d1 a2 x + b2 y + c2 z + d 2
and = = is given by, 1 =
l m n a1l + b1m + c1n a2l + b2 m + c2 n
The given equation of the lines are, 2 x − 5 y − z − 3 = 0 = 4 x − y + 5 z − 7 …(i)
x − 4 y +1 z
= = …(ii)
1 −2 1
Clearly, the equation of the plane containing the lines (i) and (ii) is given by
2x − 5 y − z − 3 4 x − y + 5z − 7
= i.e., 2 x + 4 y + 6 z = 4 i.e., x + 2 y + 3 z = 2
2(1) − 5(−2) − (1) 4(1) − (−2) + 5(1)
114. Ans. (b), We shall first convert the equation of one of the given lines say
x − y + z + 1 = 0 = x − 3 y + 4 z + 6 from General Form to Symmetric Form.
Let L be the line of intersection of the planes x − y + z + 1 = 0 and x − 3 y + 4 z + 1 = 0.
Let l , m, n be the d.c.’s of line L .
Then, line L being perpendicular to the normals to these two planes, we have,
l − m + n = 0 ; l − 3m + 4n = 0
l m n
Solving these two equations simultaneously, we get, = =
−4 + 3 1 − 4 −3 + 1
l m n l m n
i.e., = = i.e., = = .
−1 −3 −2 1 3 2
∴ The d.r.’s of the line L are 1, 3, 2.
Putting z = 0 in equations x − y + z + 1 and x − 3 y + 4 z + 6 = 0 we get,
x − y = −1 ; x − 3 y = −6
3 5
Solving these equations we get, x = , y = .
2 2

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3 5
x− y−
 3 5  2= 2 = z.
∴ A point on line L is  , , 0  . So, the equation of the line L is
2 2  1 3 2
This is the equation of the line x − y + z + 1 = 0 = x − 3 y + 4 z + 6 in General Form.
Now, we have to find the equation of the plane containing the lines
3 5
x− y−
2= 2=z …(i)
1 3 2
and 4 x + 3 y − 2 z + 3 = 0 = 7 x − 4 y + 7 z + 16 …(ii)
4 x + 3 y − 2 z + 3 7 x − 4 y + 7 z + 16
The equation of the required plane is, =
4(1) + 3(3) − 2(2) 7(1) − 4(3) + 7(2)
i.e., 3 x − 7 y + 9 z + 13 = 0 .
115. Ans. (a), Let the required equation of the plane passing through the origin be ax + by + cz = 0 …(i)
x −1 y − 2 z − 3
If the plane (i) contains the line = = , then the point (1, 2, 3) lies on plane (i) and this
5 4 5
line is perpendicular to the normal to the plane (i).
∴ a + 2b + 3c = 0 …(ii) and 5a + 4b + 5c = 0 …(iii)
[∵ The d.r.’s of the line are 5, 4, 5 and the d.r.’s of normal to plane (i) are a, b, c ]
a b c
Solving (ii) and (iii), we get, = = = λ (say)
10 − 12 15 − 5 4 − 10
⇒ a = −2λ , b = 10λ , c = −6λ
Substituting these values of a, b, c in (i), we get, −2λ x + 10λ y − 6λ z = 0
⇒ x − 5 y + 3z = 0 [Dividing throughout by (−2λ ) ]
which is the required equation of the plane.
116. Ans. (a), The equation of the required plane is of the form ax + by + cz + 4 = 0 …(i) (given)
The d.r.’s of the normal to this plane are a, b, c .
x −1 y + 1 z − 3
The plane (i) passes through the line = = …(ii)
2 −1 4
The point (1, –1, 3) lies on the plane and line (ii) is perpendicular to the normal to the plane (i).
∴ a − b + 3c + 4 = 0 …(iii)
2 a − b + 4c = 0 …(iv)
[∵ The d.r.’s of line (ii) are 2, − 1, 4 and the d.r.’s of the normal to plane (i) are a, b, c .]
Also plane (i) is perpendicular to the plane x + 2 y + z = 12 ∴ a + 2b + c = 0 …(v)
[∵ The normal to the two planes must be perpendicular to each other.]
a b c
Solving (iv) and (v) we get, = = = λ (say) ⇒ a = −9λ , b = 2λ , c = 5λ .
−1 − 8 4 − 2 4 + 1
Substituting these values of a, b, c in (iii), we get,
( −9λ ) − ( 2λ ) + 3 ( 5λ ) + 4 = 0 ⇒ 4λ + 4 = 0 ⇒ λ = −1 . ∴ a = 9, b = −2, c = −5 .
x − 3 y + 4 z −1
117. Ans. (b), The given parallel lines are = = …(i)
3 2 1
x +1 y − 2 z
= = …(ii)
3 2 1

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Clearly, the required plane passes through the points (3, –4, 1) and (–1, 2, 0) and the normal to the
plane is perpendicular to each one of the lines (i) and (ii).
Now, equation of a plane passing through the point (3, –4, 1) is of the form :
a ( x − 3) + b( y + 4) + c( z − 1) = 0 …(i)
If this plane passes through the point (–1, 2, 0) also, then
a (−1 − 3) + b(2 + 4) + c(0 − 1) = 0 i.e., −4a + 6b − c = 0 …(ii)
The d.r.’s of the normal to this plane are a, b, c .
This normal is perpendicular to the line (i) having d.r.’s 3, 2, 1. ∴ 3a + 2b + c = 0 .
a b c
Solving equations (ii) and (iii) simultaneously we get, = = = k (say)
6 + 2 −3 + 4 −8 − 18
⇒ a = 8k , b = k , c = −26k .
Substituting these values of a, b, c in (i) we get, 8 x + y − 26 z + 6 = 0 , which is the required equation.
118. Ans. (d), Clearly, the required plane passes through the point (–2, –2, 2), (1, 1, 1) and (1, –1, 2).
The equation of a plane passing through the point (–2, –2, 2) is of the form
a ( x + 2) + b( y + 2) + c( z − 2) = 0 …(i)
This plane passes through the point (1, 1, 1).
∴ 3a + 3b − c = 0 …(ii) [Putting x = 1, y = 1, z = 1 in (i)]
Plane (i) passes through the point (1, –1, 2).
∴ 3a + b + 0. c = 0 …(iii) [Putting x = 1, y = −1, z = 2 in (i)]
a b c
Solving equations (ii) and (iii) simultaneously, we get, = = = k (say)
0 + 1 −3 − 0 3 − 9
⇒ a = k , b = −3k , c = −6k
Substituting these values of a, b, c in (i), we get, k ( x + 2) − 3k ( y + 2) − 6k ( z − 2) = 0
x y z
⇒ x − 3 y − 6z + 8 = 0 ⇒ + + = 1 …(iv)
(−8)  8   4 
   
3  3
This is the equation of the required plane in the intercept form.
8 4 16 8
It makes intercepts α = −8, β = , γ = . Clearly, we have α + 2 β + 2γ = (−8) + + = 0 .
3 3 3 3
119. Ans. (a), Let the required equation of the plane be ax + by + cz + d = 0 …(i)
The plane (i) passes through the point (3, 2, 0). ∴ 3a + 2b + d = 0 …(ii)
x−3 y −6 z −4
Also, plane (i) passes through the line = = …(iii)
1 5 4
∴ This plane passes through the point (3, 6, 4) and a normal to this pane is perpendicular to line (iii).
So, we have, 3a + 6b + 4c + d = 0 …(iv)
a + 5b + 4c = 0 …(v) [∵ d.r.’s of the normal to the plane (i) are a, b, c .]
Subtracting (v) from (iv) we get, 2a + b + d = 0 …(vi)
a b d
Solving equations (ii) and (vi) simultaneously we get, = =
2 −1 2 − 3 3 − 4
a b d
i.e., = = = k (say) ⇒ a = k , b = − k , d = − k .
1 −1 −1
Substituting these values of a, b and d in (iv), we get, 3k − 6k + 4c − k = 0 ⇒ c = k .
Substituting a = k , b = − k , c = k , d = − k in (i), we get, kx − ky + kz − k = 0
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i.e., x − y + z = 1, which is the required plane.
120. Ans. (a), Let the equation of the required plane be ax + by + cz + d = 0 …(i)
If the plane (i) contains the point (0, 7, –7), then
a (0) + b(7) + c(−7) + d = 0 i.e., 7b − 7c + d = 0 …(ii)
x +1 y − 3 z + 2
If the plane (i) contains the line = = , then the point (–1, 3, –2) lies on the plane (i) and
−3 2 1
this line is perpendicular to the normal to the plane (i).
∴ − a + 3b − 2c + d = 0 …(iii) and −3a + 2b + c = 0 …(iv)
[∵ The d.r.’s of the line are −3, 2, 1 and the d.r.’s of the normal to plane (i) are a, b, c .]
Multiplying (iii) by 3 and subtracting from (iv) we get, −7b + 7c − 3d = 0
b c d
Solving equation (ii) and (v) simultaneously, we get, = =
21 − 7 −7 + 21 49 − 49
b c d b c d
⇒ = = ⇒ = = = λ (say) ⇒ b = λ , c = λ , d = 0
14 14 0 1 1 0
Substituting b = λ , c = λ , d = 0 in (iii), we get, − a + 3λ − 2λ + 0 = 0 ⇒ a = λ .
Substituting a = λ , b = λ , c = λ , d = 0 in (i), we get, λ x + λ y + λ z + 0 = 0
⇒ x + y + z = 0, which is the required equation.
Alternatively : Equation of a plane through the point (0, 7, –7) is of the form
a ( x − 0) + b( y − 7) + c( z + 7) = 0 …(i)
x +1 y − 3 z + 2
If this plane contains the line = = , then the point (–1, 3, –2) lies on the plane (i) and
−3 2 1
this line is perpendicular to the normal to the plane (i).
∴ a (−1 − 0) + b(3 − 7) + c(−2 + 7) = 0 ⇒ a + 4b − 5c = 0 …(ii)
Solving equations (ii) and (iii) and −3a + 2b + c = 0 …(iii)
a b c
Simultaneously, we get, = =
4 + 10 15 − 1 2 + 12
a b c a b c
⇒ = = ⇒ = = = λ (say) ∴ a = λ , b = λ , c = λ P (0, 7, −7)
14 14 14 1 1 1
Substituting these values of a, b, c in (i) we get, λ ( x − 0) + λ ( y − 7) + λ ( z + 7) = 0
⇒ x + y + z = 0, which is the required plane.
121. Ans. (b), The equation of the plane bisecting that angle between the planes a1 x + b1 y + c1 z + d 1 = 0 and
a2 x + b2 y + c2 z + d 2 = 0 which contains the origin is given by
a1 x + b1 y + c1 z + d1 a2 x + b2 y + c2 z + d 2
= where d1 > 0, d 2 > 0
a12 + b12 + c12 a22 + b22 + c22
∴ The bisector of the angle between the planes 3 x − 6 y + 2 z + 5 = 0 and 4 x − 12 y + 3 z − 3 = 0 which
3x − 6 y + 2 z + 5 −4 x + 12 y − 3 z + 3
contains the origin is, =
32 + (−6) 2 + 22 (−4)2 + (12) 2 + (−3) 2
[Here we take the equation of second plane as −4 x + 12 y − 3 z + 3 = 0 as the independent term must be
positive.]
i.e., 13(3 x − 6 y + 2 z + 5) = 7 (−4 x + 12 y − 3 z + 3) i.e., 67 x − 162 y + 47 z + 44 = 0 .
122. Ans. (d), Let Q be the image of the point P(–1, 3, 4) by the plane x − 2 y = 0 …(i)
Then, line PQ is perpendicular to plane (i).

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So, its d.r.’s are 1, –2, 0. Also, it passes through the point P (−1, 3, 4) . P ( −1, 3, 4)
x +1 y − 3 z − 4
So, the equation of line PQ is, = = = λ (say)
1 −2 0 N
Any point on this line is (λ − 1, − 2λ + 3, 4).
∴ Point Q has coordinates (λ − 1, − 2λ + 3, 4) for a particular value of λ. Q
Let N be the point where the line PQ meets the plane (i). Then, N is the midpoint of PQ.
Let N ( x, y, z )

λ − 1 + ( −1) λ −2 λ 3 + ( −2λ + 3) 4+4

∴ x= = = −1 , y = = 3−λ , z = =4
2 2 2 2 2
So, x − 2 y = 0 satisfy the value of ( x, y, z )
λ λ 5λ 14
−1 − 2 (3 − λ ) = 0 ⇒ − 1 − 6 + 2λ = 0 ⇒ −7 = 0, λ =
2 2 2 5
 9 −28   9 −13 
So, Q =  , + 3, 4 =  , , 4
5 5  5 5 
Hence, option (d) is correct.
123. Ans. (a), Let Q be the image of the point P (1, 2, 3) by the plane x + y + z + 3 = 0 …(i)
Then, line PQ is perpendicular to plane (i)
x −1 y − 2 z − 3
The equation of line PQ is, = = = λ (say)
1 1 1
[∵ Line PQ is normal to plane (i), so its d.r.’s are 1,1,1 and also it passes through point P (1, 2, 3) .]
Any point on this line of the form (λ + 1, λ + 2, λ + 3) .
∴ The point Q has coordinates (λ + 1, λ + 2, λ + 3) for a particular value of λ.
Let N be the point where the line PQ meets the plane (i).
Then, N is the midpoint of PQ . (1, 2, 3)

λ λ λ 
∴ The coordinates of N are  + 1, + 2. + 3  . N
2 2 2 
Since point N lies on the plane (i), so we have,
Q
λ  λ  λ  3λ
 + 1 +  + 2  +  + 3  + 3 = 0 ⇒ + 9 = 0 ⇒ λ = −6 .
2  2  2  2
Putting λ = −6, we get the coordinates of point Q as (−5, − 4, − 3) . This is the required point.
124. Ans. (b), The given planes are r . ( iˆ − 3 ˆj + kˆ ) = 1 …(i)

r . ( 2iˆ + 5 ˆj − 3kˆ ) = 2 …(ii)

The d.r.’s of the normals to the plane (i) and (ii) are 1, –3, 1 and 2, 5, –3 respectively.
Let the d.r.’s of the line of intersection of the planes (i) and (ii) be a, b, c .
This line of intersection of the two planes is perpendicular to the normals to both the planes.
∴ a − 3b + c = 0 …(iii) 2a + 5b − 3c = 0 …(iv)
a b c a b c
Solving these equations simultaneously, we get, = = ⇒ = =
9−5 2+3 5+6 4 5 11
∴ The directions ratios of the line of intersection of the given planes are 4, 5, 11.

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Clearly, this line of intersection is parallel to the vector 4iˆ + 5 ˆj + 11kˆ .

125. Ans. (b), The given planes are kx + 4 y + z = 0 …(i)
4 x + ky + 2 z = 0 …(ii) 2x + 2 y + z = 0 …(iii)
These three planes intersect in a straight line if ∆ 4 = 0 .
k 4 1
i.e., if 4 k 2 =0 [Note : Here, ∆1 = ∆ 2 = ∆ 3 = 0 since the common term in equation (i), (ii),
2 2 1
(iii), are all zero.]
i.e., if (k )(k − 4) − (4)(4 − 4) + (1)(8 − 2k ) = 0 i.e., if k 2 − 6k + 8 = 0 i.e., if (k − 2)(k − 4) = 0
i.e., if k = 2 or k = 4.

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