SOFT COMPUTING
UNIT – I
1. The structural constitute of a human brain is known as ------------------
a) Neuron b)Cells c)Chromosomes d)Genes
2. Neural networks also known as -----------------------
a) Artificial Neural Network b) Artificial Neural Systems
c) Both A and B d) None of the above
3. Neurons also known as -----------------
a) Neurodes b) Processing elements c)Nodes d)All the above
4. In the neuron, attached to the soma are long irregularly shaped filaments called--------------
a) Dendrites b)Axon c)Synapse d)Cerebellum
5. Signum function is defined as -------------------
a) φ(I) =+1, I>0, -1, I<=0
b) φ(I)=0
c) φ(I)=+1,I>0
d) φ(I)=-1,I<=0
6. To generate the final output, the sum is passed on to a non-linear filter φ called
a) Smash function b)sum function c)Activation function d)Output function
7. ---------------function is a continuous function that varies gradually between the asymptotic values 0
and 1 or -1 and +1
a) Activation function b) Thresholding function c) Signum function d)Sigmoidal
function
8. -----------------produce negative output values
a) Hyperbolic tangent function b) Parabolic tangent function
c) Tangent function d) None of the above
9. -------------------- carrying the weights connects every input neuron to the output neuron but not
vice-versa.
a)Feed forward network
b)Fast forward network
c)Fast network
d)Forward network
10. ------------- has not feedback loop
a)Neural network b)Recurrent Network c)Multilayer Network d)Feed forward network
11. In the learning method, the target output is not presented to the network ----------------
a) Supervised learning b)Unsupervised learning
c)Reinforced learning d)Hebbian learning
12. Combining a number of ADALINE is ----------------
a) MULTILINE b) MULTIPLE LINE C) MADALINE d) MANYLINE
13. Neural network applications -----------------
a) Pattern Recognition b) Optimization Problem c)Forecasting d)All the above
14. ------------------ is a Systematic method for training multilayer artificial neural network
a)Back propagation b)Forward propagation c)Speed propagation d)Multilayer propagation
15. --------------------- is a computational model
a) neuron b) cell c)Perception d)Neucleus
16. Intermediatry layer is present in ----------------------
a)Multilayer feedforward perception model
b) Multilayer perception model
c) Multilayer Feedforward model
d) None of the above
17. Linear Activation Operator equation is ---------------
a) O=gI,g=tanφ
b) O=gI,g=sinφ
c) O=gI,g=cosφ
d) O=gI,g=-tanφ
18. --------------- is never assured of finding global minimum as in the simple layer delta rulecase.
a) Back propagation b)Front Propagation c)Propagation d)None above
19. The test of neural network is known as--------------
a)Inference Engine b)Checking c)Deriving d)None
20. Application of Back Propagation
a)Design of Journal Bearing b)Classification of soil
c)Hot Extrusion of soil d)All the above
UNIT-2
1. ----------------is a store house of associated patterns which are encoded in some form
a)Associative memory b) Commutative memory
c) Neural networks d)Memory
2. If the associated pattern pairs (x,y) are different and if the model recalls a y given an x or vice
versa, then it is termed as -------------
a) Auto associative memory b) Hetero associative memory
c) neuro associative memory d) none
3. Autoassociative correlation memories are known as ---------------
a) Auto correlators b) Hetero Correlators c)Neuro Correlators d) None
4. --------------- recalls an output given an input in one feedforward pass
a)Static networks b) Dynamic networks c)Recurrent networks d) None
5. BAM stands for ----------------
a)Bidirectional Associative Memory b)v Associative Memory
c)Biconventional Associative Memory d) None
6. ----------------- associates patterns in bipolar forms that are real-coded
a)Simplified Bidirectional Associative Memory b)Bipolar form
c) Bidirectional form d)None
7) ---------------------- uses bipolar coding
a) Fabric defect identification b) Recognition of Characters
c) Design of Journal Bearing d) Classification of soil
8) Self-organizing network also known as ---------------------
a)Back Propagation network b)Training free counter propagation network
c) Propagation network d)none
9)Kesko proposed an energy function for the two states -----------------
a)E(A,B)=AMBT
b)E(A,B)=-AMBT
C)E(A,B)=-ABT
D)E(A,B)=ABT
10) BAM was introduced by ----------------------
a) Cruz b) Stubberd c)Kosko d)Rosenbatt
11)The algorithm which computes operator M is known as ------------------
a)Memory algorithm b)Recording Algorithm c)Transfer Algorithm d)None
12) Real coding is used by -----------------
a) Recognition of characters b)Fabric defect identification
c)Optimization d)Classification of soil
13) ART stands for --------------------
a)Adaptive Resonance Theory b)Adaptive Recent Theory
c)Adapt Resonance Theory d)Adaptive Retail Theory
14)A program --------------- is written in fortran for cluster formation
a) Vecquent b)Vecant c)Vector d)Quantization
15) ----------------- networks were developed by carpenter and grossberg
a)ART b)ARP c)ARC d)ARD
16) ------------------ of the network means that a pattern should not oscillate among different cluster
units at different stages of training
a)Stability b)Mobility c)Versitality d)Placticity
17) ------------------- is the analogus version of ART
a)ART2 b)ART1 c)ART2A d)ARTMAP
18) ----------------- test is incorporated into the adaptive backward network
a)Vigilance b)Indulgence c)Revailance d)None
19) In ---------------- learning the weights are adjusted only when the external input matches one of
the stored prototypes
a)Supervised b)UnSupervised c)Match-based d)None
20) Kim et al. Proposed an ------------------ method using ART2 architecture.
a)Pattern Recognition b) Chinese Recognition method
c) Character Recognition d)None
UNIT-3
1. Fuzziness means -------------
a) Vagueness b) Clear c) Precise d) Certainty
2. ---------------- are pictorial representations to denote a set
a)Flow chart b)Venn diagram c)DFD d)ER diagrams
3. The number of elements in a set is called its -------------
a)modality b)placiticity c)Cardinality d)elasticity
4. A set with a single element is called -----------
a) Single set b) Singleton set c)1 set d)none
5. A -------------- of a set A is the set of all possible subsets that are derivable from A including null set
a)Power set b)Impower set c)Rational set d)Irrational set
6. The member ship function of fuzzy set not always be described by ----------------
a)continuous b)Discrete c)crisp d)specific
7. Fuzzy relation is a fuzzy set defined on the Cartesian product of -----------
a) single set b)crisp set c)union set d)intersection set
8. Raising a fuzzy set to its second power is called --------------
a)concentration b)intersection c)conjunction d)disjunction
9. Taking a square root of fuzzy set is called -------------------
a)Dilemma b)Dual c)dialama d)none
10. Fuzzy relation associates ------------ to a varying degree of membership.
a)records b)tuples c)felds d)none
11. In case of => operator, the proposition occurring before the “=>” symbol is called---------
a) antecedent b)consequent c)conjunction d)disjunction
12. A truth table comprises rows known as -------------
a. interpredations b.contradiction c.conjunction d.disjunction
13.A formula which has all its interpretations recording true is known as a ----------------
a.disjunction b.conjunction c.tautology d.antecedent
14.In propositional logic, ---------------- widely used for inferring facts.
a.pones b.modus c.modus ponens d.pons
15. ------------------ represent objects that do not change values
a.constants b.variables c.predicates d.subject
16. ------------------------ are representative of associations between objects that are constants or
variables and acquire truth values.
a.Subject b.Predicate c.Quantifier d.Functions
17. ----------------- truth values are multivalued.
a.crisp logic b.boolean logic c.fuzzy logic d.none
18.Fuzzy logic propositions are also quantified by --------------
a.fuzzy b.fuzzy qualifiers c.fuzzy quantifiers’ d.none
19. Fuzzy inference also referred to as --------------
a.approximate reasoning b.reasoning c.fixed reasoning d.none
20. Conversion of a fuzzy set to single crisp value is called -----------------
a.fuzzification b.defuzzification c.fuzzy logic d.fuzzy rule
UNIT-IV
PART-A
1. --------------- mimic the principle of natural genetics
a.Genetic programming b.Genetic Algorithm c.Genetic Evolution d.none
2. ------------ mimics the behaviour of social insects
a.Swarm intelligence b.Ant colony c.Gentic Algorithm d.none
3. Possible settings of traits are called in genes -------------------
a.locus b.alleles c.genome d.genotype
4. ------------------ means that the element of DNA is modified.
a.Recombination b.Selection c.Mutation d.none
5. The -------------- of an organism is measured by means of success of organism in life
a.Strength b.fitness c.Gene d.Chromosome
6. The space for all possible feasible solutions is called ------------------
a.space b.search c.search space d.area
7. ------------- is a way of representing individual genes
a.conversion b.encoding c.coding d.none
8. In --------------, every chromosomes is a string of numbers
a.hexadecimal encoding b.octal encoding c.Permutation encoding d.none
9. ------------ is the first operator applied on population.
a.Reproduction b.Recombination c.Mutation d.none
10. ------------------ means that the genes from the already discovered good individuals are exploited
a.Diversity b.Population diversity c.Unity in diversity d.none
11. -------------is the degree to which the better individuals are favoured
a.Selective pressure b.Reproduction pressure c.Recombination pressure d.Mutation
12. The selection method which is less noisy is -----------
a.stochastic remainder solution b.Boltzman solution c.Remainder solution d.none
13. The ----------------- is referred the proportion of individuals in the the population which are
replaced in each generation.
a.gap b.generation gap c.generation interval d.interval
14. Crossover operator proceeds in ------------- steps
a.4 b.3 c.5 d.2
15. Matrix crossover is also known as ------------
a. One dimensional b.Two dimensional c.Three dimensional d.none
16. ------------------performs linear inversion with a specified probability of 0.75.
a. Linear+end-inversion b.Discrete inversion c.Continuous inversion d.Mass inversion
17. ---------------- of bit involves changing bits from 0 to 1 and 1 to 0.
a.Mutation b.Crossover c.Inversion d.Segregation
18. -------------------- is a process in which a given bit pattern is transformed into another bit pattern by
means of logical bit-wise operation.
a.Inversion b.Conversion c.Masking d.Segregation
19. In ------------------, inversion was applied with specified inversion probability p to each new
individual when it is created.
a.Discrete b.Continuous c.Mass inversion d.none
20. The -------------causes all the bits in the first operand to the shifted to the left by the number of
positions indicated by the second operand.
a.Shift right b.Shift left c.Shift operator d.none
UNIT-5
PART-A
1.Hybrid systems is combination of neural networks, fuzzy logic and --------------
a.Genetic Algorithm b.Genetic Programming c.Genetic d.none
2.In -------------, one technology calls the other as a subroutine to process or manipulate
information needed by it.
a.Auxiliary hybrid systems b.Embedded hybrid systems
c.sequential hybrid systems d.none
3.------------hyrbid systems make use of technologies in a pipeline fashion.
a.auxialiary hybrid systems b.embedded hybrid systems
c.sequential hybrid systems d.none
4.--------------hyrbid systems the technologies participating are integerated in such a manner that
they appear interwined.
a.auxialiary hybrid systems b.embedded hybrid systems
c.sequential hybrid systems d.none
5.------------- deals with uncertainty problems with its own merits and demerits
a.neuro –fuzzy b.neuro-genetic c.fuzzy –genetic d.none
6.Neural network can learn various tasks from -------------
a.training b.testing c.learning d.none
7.-------------exhibit non-linear functions to any desired degree of accuracy
a.neuro –fuzzy b.neuro-genetic c.fuzzy –genetic d.none
8.---------------- use to determine the weights of a multilayer feedforward network with
backpropagation learning
a.neuro –fuzzy b.neuro-genetic c.fuzzy –genetic d.none
9.------------------ fuzzy input vectors to crisp outputs
a.Fuzzy – backpropagation b.neuro –fuzzy c.neuro-genetic d.fuzzy –genetic
10.----------------is a neuro-fuzzy hybrid in which the host is a recurrent network with a kind of
competitive learning.
a.Fuzzy ARTMAP b.Fuzzy art c.ARTMAP d.none
11.FAM Stands for ------------
a.Fuzzy Associative Memory b.Fuzzy association memory
c.Fuzzy Assist Memory d.none
12.---------------maps fuzzy sets and can encode fuzzy rules.
a.FAM b.Fuzzy c.ART d.none
13.Fuzzy truck backer-upper system is application of ---------------
a.FAM b.Fuzzy ART c.ART d.none
14.----------------- applicable on fuzzy optimization problems
a.Fuzzy-genetic b.neuro – fuzzy c.fuzzy-logic d.fuzzy-backpropagation
15.--------------learning have reported difficulties in learning the topology of the networks whose
weights they optimize
a.Gradient descent learning b.descent learning c.Gradient learning d.none
16.Applying neuronal learning capabilities to fuzzy systems is knowns as ---------
a.NN driven fuzzy reasoning b.fuzzy driven nn reasoning
c.neural network reasoning d.none
17.---------- can be applicable to mathematical relationship
a. neuro-fuzzy b.fuzzy-neuro c.neuro-network d.none
18.------------- is a multilayer feedforward network architecture with gradient learning.
a.backpropagation b.forward propagation c.Propagation d.none
19. Recurrent network architectures adopting -------------
a.hebbian learning b.supervised learning c.unsupervised learning d.reinforced learning
20.------------ set have no crisp boundaries
a.fuzzy b.boolean c.crisp set d.none
21.GA-NN also known as -----------
a.GANN b.NNGA c.GA d.none
22.Image recognition under noisy is application of --------
a.Fuzzy b.Fuzzy art c.art d.none
23.Genetic algorithm ------------- uses to determine optimization
a.fitness function b.fit function c.strength function d.none
24.------------proposed neuro –fuzzy system
a.lee and lie b.kosko c.gradient d.lee
25.Knowledge-based evaluation and earthquake damage evaluation is application of -----------
a.fuzzy-backpropagation b.neuro-fuzzy c.fuzzy d.none
PART-B
1.Explain neuro-fuzzy hybrids
2.Explain neuro-genetic hybrids
3.Explain fuzzy-genetic hybrids
4.Explain fuzzy-backpropagation network
5.Explain FAM
PART-C
1.Explain Hybrid Systems
2.Explain Fuzzy ARTMAP
3.Explain GA based backpropagation network
