Mathematics 9
Quarter : 3 Week: 1
Content Standard: ____________________________
Performance Standard: _____________________________________________
MELC/s :
1. determines the conditions that make a quadrilateral a parallelogram.
2. uses properties to find measures of angles, sides and other quantities
involving parallelograms.
Name: __________________________________ School: _______________________
Grade & Section: ________________________ Date : ________________________
_JSAN ALEX E. FORNOLLES__
Teacher
THE PARALLELOGRAM AND ITS PROPERTIES
(Topic)
1
Key Concepts:
Quadrilateral – is a closed plane figure consisting of four line segments or sides.
Parallelogram – is a quadrilateral with two pairs of opposite sides parallel and congruent.
Sides - In a polygon, these are the segments joining two consecutive vertices of a polygon.
Supplementary Angles – Two angles whose measures have the sum of 1800.
Consecutive Angles – two angles sharing a common side of a polygon.
STRUCTURE OF QUADRILATERAL
QUADRILATERAL
PARALLELOGRA TRAPEZIUM TRAPEZOID
M
KITE
RECTANGLE RHOMBUS ISOSCELES TRAPEZOID
RIGHT TRAPEZOID
SQUARE
Properties of a Parallelogram
1. In a parallelogram any two opposite angles are congruent
2. In a parallelogram any two opposite sides are congruent and parallel
3. In a parallelogram any two consecutive angles are supplementary
4. In a parallelogram any two consecutive angles are supplementary
5. Diagonals of a parallelogram bisect each other
6. Adjacent angles are supplementary
7. Each diagonal of a parallelogram divides into two congruent triangles
Examples .
A T
1. Given the measures of the other three angles of parallelogram
MATH
a. If m∠M = 60 M H
Solution:
Find m∠A
Given: m∠M = 60
m∠M + m∠A = 180 → Consecutive angles of a parallelogram are
supplementary
m∠A = 180 - m∠M → Axioms of Addition (Transposition)
m∠A = 180 - 60 → Substitution (m∠M = 60)
2
m∠A = 120
Find m∠T
m∠T = m∠M → Opposite angles of a parallelogram are congruent
m∠T = 60
Find m∠H
m∠H = m∠A → Opposite angles of a parallelogram are congruent
m∠T = 120
A T
2. In Parallelogram CARE , diagonals AR and AE bisect each other at S. S
´ ?
If MS = 8 cm and HS = 7 cm, What is the length of ḾT and AH
M H
Solution: Find MT
´ = m MS
m ST ´ → Diagonals of a parallelogram bisect each other.
´ = 8
m ST
´ + mST
´ = m MS
mMT ´ → Segment addition postulate
´ = 8 + 8 → Substitution
m MT
´ = 16 cm
m MT
Solution: Find AH
´ = mHS
m SA ´ → Diagonals of a parallelogram bisect each other.
´ = 7
mSA
´ = m SA
m AH ´ + mSH
´ → Segment addition postulate
´ = 7 + 7 → Substitution
mMT
ḾT = 14 CM
A C
3x -20O
3. With the measures indicated, form an equation in x and determine
the numerical measure of each angle of a parallelogram.
x + 40O
Solution: B K
m∠B+ m∠A = 180 → Consecutive angles of a parallelogram are
supplementary
3x -20 + x + 40 = 180 → Substitution
4x + 20 = 180 → Combining like terms
4x = 180 – 20 → Addition Property of equality (Transposition)
4x = 160 → Addition Principle
1 1
( x )= (160)
4 4
x = 40
3
m∠B= m∠C = 3x – 20
= 3(40) – 20
= 120 - 20
m∠B= m∠C = 100
m∠ A= m∠ K = x + 40
= 40 + 40
m∠ A = m∠K = 80
EXERCISES 1.
Tell whether the statement is True or False. Write T if True and F if False
Questions Answers Reasons if False
1. A quadrilateral is a parallelogram
if both pairs of opposite sides are
parallel.
2. A quadrilateral is a parallelogram
if both pairs of opposite sides are
congruent.
3. A quadrilateral is a parallelogram
if both pairs of opposite angles are
congruent.
4. A quadrilateral is a parallelogram
if any two consecutive angles are
complementary.
5. A quadrilateral is a parallelogram
if exactly one pair of adjacent sides
is perpendicular
6. A quadrilateral is a parallelogram
if one pair of opposite sides are
both congruent and parallel.
7. If KIND is a parallelogram then
KN ´ .
´ ≅ ID
8. If KIND is a parallelogram then
∠ K ≅ ∠ D.
9. If KIND is a parallelogram then ḰI
´
// ND
10. If KIND is a parallelogram then
m∠ K + m∠ D=180.
Exercises 2.
Study the following parallelogram and determine the conditions guarantee that a figure is a
parallelogram
FIGURE CONDITIONS
1.
O 8 V
6 6
L 8 E
2.
4
A N
S
H D
3.
12OO 6OO
6OO 12OO
O V
Exercises 3. Answer the following. R
` Refer the figure at the right.
L E
1. OV = 2x
LE = x + 5
Solution:
2. m∠ LEV =5 y −20
m∠OVE=2 y−40
Solution
WEEKLY TEST
1 – 15
PERFORMANCE TASK
Rubrics
REFERENCES:
Mathematics Learners Materials 9
Page: 297 - 318
Geometry( Textbook for Third Year)
By: Soledad Jose Dilao Ed.D. and Julieta G. Bernabe
Page: 114 - 124
5
KEY ANSWERS.
EXERCISES 1.
Tell whether the statement is True or False. Write T if True and F if False
Questions Answers Reasons if False
1. A quadrilateral is a parallelogram T
if both pairs of opposite sides are
parallel.
2. A quadrilateral is a parallelogram T
if both pairs of opposite sides are
congruent.
3. A quadrilateral is a parallelogram T
if both pairs of opposite angles are
congruent.
4. A quadrilateral is a parallelogram F A quadrilateral is a parallelogram if any
if any two consecutive angles are two consecutive angles are
complementary. supplementary.
5. A quadrilateral is a parallelogram F A parallelogram cannot have exactly one
if exactly one pair of adjacent sides pair adjacent sides perpendicular but it
is perpendicular sometimes 2 pairs.
6. A quadrilateral is a parallelogram T
if one pair of opposite sides are
both congruent and parallel.
7. If KIND is a parallelogram then F ´ are diagonals it sometimes
´ ∧ ID
KN
6
KN ´ .
´ ≅ ID congruent but it always bisect each other
8. If KIND is a parallelogram then F ∠ K∧∠ D are consecutive angles they
∠ K ≅ ∠ D. are always supplementary
9. If KIND is a parallelogram then ḰI T
// ND
´
10. If KIND is a parallelogram then
m∠ K + m∠ D=180.
Exercises 2.
Study the following parallelogram and determine the conditions guarantee that a figure is a
parallelogram
FIGURE CONDITIONS
1. Opposite sides of a parallelogram are congruent
O 8 V
6 6
L 8 E
Each diagonal of a parallelogram bisects each other
2.
A N
S
H D
3. A Opposite angles of a parallelogram are congruent
12OO 6OO M
Consecutive angles of a parallelogram are supplementary
O
6OO 12O
C E
Exercises 3. Answer the following.
O V
R
` Refer the figure at the right.
L E
1. OV = 2x
LE = x + 5
Solution:
´ =m ´¿
mOV → Opposite sides are congruent
2x = x+5 → Substitution
2x – x = 5 → Transposition
x=5
2. m∠ LEV =4 y −20
m∠OVE=2 y−40
m∠ LEV = 4y – 20
7
= 4(40) – 20
= 160 – 20
Solution
m∠ LEV +m ∠OVE = 180
4y – 20 + 2y – 40 = 180 m∠ LEV = 140
6y - 60 = 180
6y = 180 + 60
6y = 240
240
y = m∠OVE = 40
6
y = 40
