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Common Bacteria of Medical Importance

The document provides a table of contents that outlines common bacteria of medical importance categorized into three main groups: I) Gram-positive bacteria including cocci such as staphylococci and streptococci and bacilli including corynebacteria, listeria, and clostridia. II) Gram-negative bacteria including aerobic and anaerobic bacilli such as E. coli, salmonella, shigella, and bacteroides as well as cocci such as neisseria. III) Acid-fast mycobacteria including M. tuberculosis and M. avium-intracellulare.

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54 views1 page

Common Bacteria of Medical Importance

The document provides a table of contents that outlines common bacteria of medical importance categorized into three main groups: I) Gram-positive bacteria including cocci such as staphylococci and streptococci and bacilli including corynebacteria, listeria, and clostridia. II) Gram-negative bacteria including aerobic and anaerobic bacilli such as E. coli, salmonella, shigella, and bacteroides as well as cocci such as neisseria. III) Acid-fast mycobacteria including M. tuberculosis and M. avium-intracellulare.

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Table of Contents

COMMON BACTERIA OF MEDICAL IMPORTANCE

I Gram-positive bacteria

A. Cocci
a) cells in clusters (catalase +ve)
Staphylococcus
i) coagulase +ve
Staph. aureus
ii) coagulase –ve, many species, examples:
Staph. epidermidis
Staph. saprophyticus
b) cells in pairs/chains (catalase -ve)
Streptococcus
i) β-haemolytic
group A (Strep. pyogenes)
group B (Strep. agalactiae)
group C
group D (Strep. bovis, or now in genus Enterococci)
group G
ii) a-haemolytic
Strep. pneumoniae (lancet-shaped diplococci)
‘viridans’ streptococci, many species, examples:
Strep. milleri
anaerobic streps
iii) non-haemolytic
most enterococci

B. Bacilli (rod-shaped)
a) aerobic
Corynebacterium – small pleomorphic
Listeria – small, sometimes coccibacilli
Bacillus (spores) – large
Nocardia – slender, beaded, modified acid-fast +ve
b) anaerobic
Clostridium (spores) - large
Actinomyces (narrow, slender branching)

II Gram-negative bacteria
A. Bacilli (rod-shaped)
a) aerobic
Simple growth requirements
i) lactose fermenters (LFS)
E. coli
Klebsiella (mucoid)
Enterobacter
ii) lactose non-fermenters (NLFs)
Salmonella
Shigella
Proteus (urease +ve)
Citrobacter
iii) others
Pseudomonas (oxidase +ve)
Burkholderia (oxidase +ve)
Stenotrophomonas (oxidase –ve)
Acinetobacter (oxidase -ve)
Vibrio (comma shape)
Yersinia
Fastidious growth requirements
i) Legionella – special request
ii) Haemophilus (X & V factors)
iii) Bordetella - special request, PCR
iv) Brucella - special request
v) Bartonella - special request
vi) Campylobacter (seagull shape, 42oC)
b) anaerobic
Bacteroides
Fusobacterium
Porphyromonas
Prevotella

B. Cocci
a) cells in pairs, coffee-bean shapes (oxidase +ve)
Neisseria
Moraxella
b) anaerobes: Veillonella

III Mycobacteria: Acid Fast


a) M. tuberculosis
b) M. avium-intracellulare
c) Many other species

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