82C55

Programmable
Peripheral Interface
PPI
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 82C55 programmable peripheral interface
 a popular, low-cost interface component found in many
applications.

 The PPI has 24 pins for I/O, programmable in groups of 12 pins and
groups that operate in three distinct modes of operation.

 82C55 can interface any TTL-compatible I/O device to the

microprocessor.

 The 82C55 (CMOS version) requires wait states if operated with a

processor using higher than an 8 MHz clock.

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 82C55 programmable peripheral interface
 Because I/O devices are inherently slow, wait states used during
I/O transfers do not impact significantly upon the speed of the
system.

 The 82C55 still finds application even in the latest Core2-based

computer system.

 An experimentation board is available that plugs into the parallel

port of a PC, to allow access to an 8255 located on the board.
o The 8255 is programmed in either assembly language or Visual
C++ through drivers available with the board.

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 82C55 programmable peripheral interface
 82C55 is used for interface to IO devices in many PCs.

o found as a function within an interfacing chip set

o 82C55 is interfaced to keyboard control at port addresses

60H–63H.

o also for controlling the speaker, timer, and other internal

devices such as memory expansion

o It is also used for the parallel printer port at I/O ports 378H–
37BH.

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 82C55 programmable peripheral interface
 Basic Description of the 82C55

o The three I/O ports (labeled A, B, and

C) are programmed as groups.

o group A connections consist of port A

(PA7–PA0) and the upper half of port C
(PC7–PC4)

o group B consists of port B (PB7–PB0)

and the lower half of port C (PC3–PC0)

o 82C55 is selected by its CS pin for

programming and reading/writing to a
port. 7
 82C55 programmable peripheral interface
 Basic Description of the 82C55

o In the PC, a pair of 82C55s, or equivalents, are decoded at I/O

ports 60H–63H and also at ports 378H–37BH.

o For 82C55 to be read or written, the CS input must be logic 0

and the correct I/O address must be applied to the A1 and A0
pins.

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 82C55 programmable peripheral interface
 Basic Description of the 82C55

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 82C55 programmable peripheral interface
 Basic Description of the 82C55

o it functions at 8-bit addresses C0H (port A), C2H (port B), C4H
(port C), and C6H (command register).

o All 82C55 pins are direct connections to the X86, except the
CS pin. The pin is decoded/selected by a 74ALS138 decoder.

o A RESET to 82C55 sets up all ports as simple input ports using

mode 0 operation.
o initializes the device when the processor is reset

o After a RESET, no other commands are needed, as long as it is

used as an input device for all three ports.
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 82C55 programmable peripheral interface
 Programming the 82C55

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 82C55 programmable peripheral interface
 Programming the 82C55

o 82C55 is programmed through two internal command

registers.

o Bit position 7 selects either command byte A or command

byte B.
o command byte A programs functions of group A and B
o command byte B sets (1) or resets (0) bits of port C only if
the 82C55 is programmed in mode 1 or 2

o Group B (port B and the lower part of port C) are programmed

as input or output pins.
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 82C55 programmable peripheral interface
 Programming the 82C55

o Group B operates in mode 0 or mode 1

o Mode 0 is basic input/output mode that allows the pins of
group B to be programmed as simple input and latched
output connections
o buffered input device
o latched output device
o Mode 1 operation is the strobed operation for group B
connections
o data are transferred through port B
o handshaking signals are provided by port C
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 82C55 programmable peripheral interface
 Programming the 82C55

o Group A (port A and the upper part of port C) are

programmed as input or output pins.
o Group A can operate in modes 0, 1, and 2.
o mode 2 operation is a bidirectional mode of operation for
port A
o If a 0 is placed in bit position 7 of the command byte,
command byte B is selected
o This allows any bit of port C to be set (1) or reset (0), if the
82C55 is operated in either mode 1 or 2.
o otherwise, this byte is not used for programming
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 82C55 programmable peripheral interface
 Programming the 82C55: Mode 0 Operation
o Example 1: 82C55 connected to a set of eight seven-segment
LED displays. (standard LEDs)

o ports A & B are programmed as (mode 0)

o port A provides segment data inputs port B provides a

means of selecting one display position at a time for
multiplexing the displays

o Ports A and B are programmed as simple latched output

ports.

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 82C55 programmable peripheral interface
 Programming the 82C55: Mode 0 Operation

Example 1

Address
Decoder
700H

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 82C55 programmable peripheral interface
 Programming the 82C55: Mode 0 Operation
o Example 1 : 82C55 connected to a set of eight seven-segment

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 82C55 programmable peripheral interface
 Programming the 82C55: Mode 0 Operation
o Example 2 : 82C55 connected to a Stepper Motor
o Another device often interfaced to a computer system is
the stepper motor.
o a digital motor because it is moved in discrete steps as
it traverses through 360°
o An inexpensive stepper motor is geared to move perhaps
15° per step. A more costly, high-precision stepper motor
can be geared to 1° per step.
o In all cases, these steps are gained through many
magnetic poles and/or gearing.
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 82C55 programmable peripheral interface
 Programming the 82C55: Mode 0 Operation
o Example 2 : 82C55 connected to a Stepper Motor

o Two coils are energized at a time, causing the motor to

step at 45°, 135°, 225°, and 315°.
o The motor is shown with the armature rotated to four
discrete places, called full stepping.
o accomplished by energizing the coils, as shown

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 82C55 programmable peripheral interface
 Programming the 82C55: Mode 0 Operation
o Example: 82C55 connected to a Stepper Motor

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 82C55 programmable peripheral interface
 Programming the 82C55: Mode 0 Operation
o Example: 82C55 connected to a Stepper Motor
o The motor is driven by NPN Darlington amp pairs to
provide a large current to each coil.

o This circuit uses the 82C55 to provide drive signals used to

rotate the motor armature in either the right- or left-hand
direction.

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 82C55 programmable peripheral interface
 Programming the 82C55: Mode 0 Operation
o Example: 82C55 connected to a Stepper Motor

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 82C55 programmable peripheral interface
 Programming the 82C55: Mode 0 Operation
o Example 3 : 82C55 connected to a Key Matrix
o a key matrix with 16 switches interfaced to ports A and B
of an 82C55.

o The keys are organized into four rows and columns:

(ROW0–ROW3) (COL0–COL3)

o port A is programmed as an input port to read the rows

o port B is programmed as an output port to select a

column
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 82C55 programmable peripheral interface
 Programming the 82C55: Mode 0 Operation
o Example 3 : 82C55 connected to a Key Matrix

Address
Decoder
Code is reading
assignment
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 82C55 programmable peripheral interface
 Programming the 82C55: Mode 1 Strobed Input

o Causes port A and/or port B to function as latching input

devices.
o allows external data to be stored to the port until the
microprocessor is ready to retrieve it

o Port C is used in mode 1 operation—not for data, but for

control or handshaking signals.
o to help operate either or both port A and B as strobed
input ports

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 82C55 programmable peripheral interface
 Programming the 82C55: Mode 1 Strobed Input

general-purpose I/O pins

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 82C55 programmable peripheral interface
 Programming the 82C55: Mode 1 Strobed Input
o STB: The strobe input loads data to the port latch, which
holds the information until it is input to the microprocessor
via the IN instruction.
o IBF: Input buffer full is an output indicating that the input
latch contains information.
o INTR: Interrupt request is an output that requests an
interrupt. The INTR pin becomes a logic 1 when STB returns to
a logic 1. Cleared when data are input from the port by the
processor.
o INTE: Interrupt enable signal is neither input nor output; it is
an internal bit programmed via port PC4 (port A) or PC2 (port
B) bit position. 27
 82C55 programmable peripheral interface
 Programming the 82C55: Mode 1 Strobed Input
o An example of a strobed input device is a keyboard.
o The keyboard encoder de-bounces the key switches and
provides a strobe signal whenever a key is depressed.
o the data output contains ASCII-coded key code

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 82C55 programmable peripheral interface
 Programming the 82C55: Mode 1 Strobed Output

o Strobed output operation is similar to mode 0 output

operation.
o except control signals are included to provide handshaking

o When data are written to a strobed output port, the output

buffer full signal becomes logic 0 to indicate data are present
in the port latch.

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 82C55 programmable peripheral interface
 Programming the 82C55: Mode 1 Strobed Output

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 82C55 programmable peripheral interface
 Programming the 82C55: Mode 1 Strobed Output
o OBF: Output buffer full goes low whenever data are output
(OUT) to the port A or B latch. The signal is set to logic 1 when
the ACK pulse returns from the external device.
o ACK: The acknowledge signal causes the OBF pin to return to
logic 1. The ACK signal is a response from an external device,
indicating that it has received data from the 82C55 port.
o INTR: Interrupt request often interrupts the processor when
the external device receives the data via the ACK signal.
Qualified by the internal INTE (interrupt enable) bit.
o INTE: Interrupt enable is neither input nor output; it is an
internal bit programmed to enable or disable the INTR pin.
INTE A is programmed using PC6 bit. INTE B is programmed
using the PC2 bit.
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 82C55 programmable peripheral interface
 Programming the 82C55: Mode 1 Strobed Output
o Example: The printer interface demonstrates how to achieve
strobed output synchronization between the printer and the
82C55.

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 82C55 programmable peripheral interface
 Programming the 82C55: Mode 2 Bidirectional Operation

o Mode 2 is allowed with group A only.

o Port A becomes bidirectional, allowing data transmit/receive

over the same eight wires.
o useful when interfacing two computers

o Also used for IEEE-488 parallel high-speed GPIB (general-

purpose instrumentation bus) interface standard.

o The bidirectional bus is used by referencing port A with the IN

and OUT instructions.

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 82C55 programmable peripheral interface
 Programming the 82C55: Mode 2 Bidirectional Operation

o The state of the INTR pin is controlled through port C bits PC6
(INTE1) and PC4 (INTE2).
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 82C55 programmable peripheral interface
 Programming the 82C55: Mode 2 Bidirectional Operation

o To transmit data through the bidirectional bus, the program

first tests to determine whether the output buffer is empty.
o if so, data are sent to the output buffer via OUT

o The external circuitry also monitors the signal to decide

whether the microprocessor has sent data to the bus.

o To receive data through the bidirectional port A bus, IBF is

tested with software to decide whether data have been
strobed into the port.
o if IBF = 1, data is input using IN

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 82C55 programmable peripheral interface
 Programming the 82C55: Mode 2 Bidirectional Operation
o The external interface sends data to the port by using the STB
signal.
o the IBF signal becomes logic 1 and data at port A are held
inside the port in a latch
o When the IN executes, the IBF bit is cleared and data in the
port are moved into AL.

o The INTR (interrupt request) pin can be activated from both

directions of data flow through the bus.
o If INTR is enabled by both INTE bits, the output and input
buffers both cause interrupt requests.
o This occurs when data are strobed into the buffer using STB or
when data are written using OUT. 36
 82C55 programmable peripheral interface
 Programming the 82C55: Mode 2 Bidirectional Operation

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 82C55 programmable peripheral interface
 Programming the 82C55: Mode 2 Bidirectional Operation

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 82C55 programmable peripheral interface
 Programming the 82C55: Mode Summary

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