THE POWER PLANT BUILDING
Chapter 4
1. Determine the amount of sand in m3 required for a 5 m3 of [Link] concrete mixture,
given the following properties:
Material Relative density Density, kg/m 3
Cement 3.50 1300
Sand 2.75 1700
Gravel 2.25 1500
As per recommendation, use 25 liters of water per bag of cement. Assume one
bag of cement contains 0.03 m3.
Solution:
Formula to be used:
x Vx (ratio)
Vx =
SG( water )
Where:
x = cement (c), sand (s), gravel (g)
Thus:
(1300 kg/m 3 )(0.03 m 3 )(1)
Vc = = 0.111430 m3/batch
(3.50)(1000 kg/m 3 )
(1700 kg/m 3 )(0.03 m 3 )(2)
Vs = = 0.037091 m3/batch
(2.75)(1000 kg/m 3 )
(1500 kg/m 3 )(0.03 m 3 )(4)
Vg = = 0.080000 m3/batch
(2.25)(1000 kg/m 3 )
1 m3
Vw = (25 li)( ) = 0.02500 m3/batch
0.001 li
Vtotal = 0.153234 m3/batch
Total no. of batches:
5 m3
=
0.153234 m 3 /batch
= 32.63 say 33 batches
Total no. of sand
= (33 batches)( 0.03 m3)(2)
= 1.98 m3 say 2 m3
2. Determine the shape and weight of a radial brick chimney column will be made
for a 36 × 1.50 chimney.
Solution:
Estimating table 4-3; page 100, from Morse textbook
top wall thickness ........ 180 to 230 mm (use 190 mm)
R2 = r2 + ttop = 750 mm + 190 mm = 940 mm = 0.94 m
H 36 m
= = 24
d2 1.5 m
Estimating table 4-3; page 100, from Morse textbook
(by interpolation between 20 and 30)
24 - 20
Batter = ( )(23 – 20) + 20 = 21.2 mm per m
30 - 20
R1 - R2
= Batter = 21.2 mm/m
H
R1 – R2 = (21.2 mm/m)(36 m) = 763 mm
R1 = 763 mm + 940 mm = 1703 mm = 1.7 m
From table 4-3; page 100, from Morse textbook
Minimum wall thickness at the base, mm (9.25H)
tbottom = (9.25)(36)
= 333 mm (use 322 mm for 1 ½ brick)
r1 = R1 - tbottom
= 1.7 m – 0.322 m
r1 = 1.38 m
Outside Conical Volume:
Vo = (R12 + R22 + R1 R2) H
3
= [1.72 + 0.942 + (1.7)(0.94)] (36)
3
Vo = 203.95 m3
Inside Conical Volume:
Vi = (r12 + r22 + r1r2) H
3
= [1.382 + 0.752 + (1.38)(0.75)] (36)
3
Vi = 133.08 m3
Volume of Masonry = Vo - Vi
= 203.95 m3 - 133.08 m3
Volume of Masonry = 70.87 m3
Assume brick masonry common ( = 1922 kg/m3)
Chimney weight:
m= v
= (1922 kg/m3)(70.87 m3)
= 136,212 kg
3. A 39.5 m high chimney of radial brick masonry is described by the following top
and bottom dimensions: D2 = 1.90 m, d2 = 1.50 m, D1 = 3.2 m, d1 = 2.3 m.
Uniform batter, weight 180 metric tons. Find the maximum compressive stress
under 160 km/hr wind load. Will a base crack be opened to windward?
Solution:
(a.) Amount due to wind load:
100H 2
Pwh = (2R2 + R1) = Wz
3
=
100 (39.5 m)2 [2(0.95 m + 1.6 m]
3
Pwh = 182,029.70 kg - m
Pwh 182,029.70 kg - m
z= = = 1.01 m
W (180 tons)(1000 kg / ton)
kern radius:
R2 + r2 (1.6 m) 2 + (1.15 m) 2
k= = = 0.61 m
4R 4(1.6 m)
maximum value of z:
R r 1.6m 1.15 m
y= (2 + ) = ( )(2 + ) = 1.09 m
4 R 4 1.6 m
compressive stress:
W (180 tons)(1000 kg/ton)
fc = = = 46,299.62 kg/m2
(R 1 - r1 )
2 2
(1.6 2
- 1.15 2
)
= 46,299.62 kg/m2
= 454.2 kN/m2 or 454.2 kPa
Maximum compressive stress:
z z z-k 2
fz = fc [(1 + k ) - (1 - k )( y - k ) ]
1.01 m 1.01 m 1.01 m - 0.61 m 2
= (454.2 kPa)[( 1 + ) - (1 - )( ) ]
0.61 m 0.61 m 1.09 m - 0.61 m
fz = 1413.10 kPa
(b.) Since z is greater
than k, a crack will open but a chimney will still be safe since
z < y or y > z > k
4. In the need for a standby electric power unit due to frequent power outages, a
500 kW diesel generator set weighing 5000 kgs, was selected for the service.
The diesel engine drive is rated 670 hp at 1800 rpm, 6-cylinder, and a base
length of 3.8 meters and width of 1.5 meters.
Determine the volume and size of the foundation required and its base
Dimension, if the bearing capacity is 5000 kg/m 3.
Solution:
The given base length of 3.80 m is only that of the engine. Since the base length
of the whole unit is not known, a rectangular foundation will be used.
Wf =
