..

MINISTRY OF PUBLIC UTILITIES AND NATIONAL TRANSPORTATION

TRAFFIC MANAGEMENT BRANCH

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;t Traffic Control Devices ~~nual !t
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**+ * Part B: *..
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~t ROAD MARKINGS !~
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May 1983

~ ...-.;I_ _,_ •• _ _ _ __
 , ­

'III
1. INTRODUCTiON

1" 1 In September 1980, the Traffic Management Branch prepared and distributed
the rrraffic Control Devices r·1anual l'art A: JJoadside Traffic Signs. At that time the
existence of a mul·[Link] of standards for road signs and markings was noted and
the ne.:;d for ad(Jitional manuals on road markings and traffic signals 'Nas identified.

1. 2 In presenting the Traffic Control Devices Manual Part B: Road ~larkings I

it is pertinent to reiterate the basis for traffic control devices. 'l'hfi;! need for
w811 designed, adequately maintained devices <Jrows iU"Plt;'oportion to the density of
tx:a£[Link], speed of operation and complexity of manoeuvfing areas on highways and at
int<'}[Link]. 'ro be effective however, the installation of each device should:

1. Fulfill a need

2. Command attention

3. Convey a cl,)ar ana simple meaning

4. COlilmand respect of road users

5. Give adequate time for proper response

GENERl·\.L l?RINCIPLES

::;. 1 Road markings are aIlI,assential tool in the guidance and regulation of
v8hiclllat' and pedestrian traffic. !4arkings are used to supplement regulations.
or 1;[Link] of other traffic control devices but are also extensively 'used
indupendently. 'I'he use of roadmarkings to provide optical guidance to travellers
is governed by the following general design .principles:

(a) 14arkings should be designed to suit the foreseeable traffic con­

ditions and speeds on the roads for which they ~re intended.

(b) Harkings should he suitably conspicuous so that they .engagethe.

attention of drivers at a sufficient distance.

(c) r-1arkings should be standardised so ;that similar deviC-Gs would be·

used in a urliform and consistent manner for similar si'tuations.

(d) Harkings should be of such design 'that drivers can interpret

their meaning in good tinie to react correctly to the information
presented.

(B) Markings should be effective whatever the w~G~her conditions and

by night ilS vlell as day.

• ... (f) All necessary ...

1. INTRODUCTION

"
1.1 In Sep,tember :19,80, theTra£f.i,~MaJ¥!;ge11;tent13J:~cb, prepareda,nd distri~uted
the Traffic Control Devices" t·1Cmual Part A: Roadside Traffic Signs.
.: r "" _.; (1'/ . :-,-; ;- .. ~.:;', ,..:. ; , _y •
At that time the
existence of ,a .multiplicity of sta,ndards for road signs and markings was noted and
, ' . 1- • ." - .' d. _ : - • _' _ ' : r- ~ •• _"': -.' ._,:. ~. ',,, _ ','

the need for additional manuals on road markings and traffic signals was identified.

1.2 'In .presentin<,; the'~Traffic [Link] Devices· Mantia,l ]?a:r.t B: Rpad}l,arltings,

it is pertinent to ,reiterate :the basis), ,for "traf:fic, control: devie,es. ;';I:'be need .for
well designed, adequately maintained devices grows ±;upropottiQP, to, the del\S~ty qf
'b:affic:, ,~peed.o,f,
. ,,-
QpeJ:ation . ,and compl,exity, ,.()f. mcmoeuvring
, . ,'.
areas. on highways and a:t . ~ " -- ~,,~ , ' \, ' - " '"

intersectio~s~,: To be ,effeptive [Link], the inst~llation of each device should:

[Link] a need,

2. C~and atterition

3. t;o:t;lv~y :a clear anc simple ~eaning

;. t'-'\, .. , . :••

4. Command respect of road users

5. Give adequate time for ,proper response,

2. GE.'NERAL 1'RINCIJ?LES

2.1 Road markings are aru.8ssential tool in the guidance and regulation of
vehicular end pedestrian traffic. Markings are used to supplement regulations
or warnings of other traffic control devices but are also extensively 'used
independently. The use of roadmarkingsto provide optical guidance to travellers
'is governed by the following general design principles:

(a) Markings should be designed to suit the fereseeable ~afficcon­

di,:tions and speeds on the reads . fer which they are intended.
':, . '. , .:. -' , ::' , .' ': '. . .," ':

" . '(b.). 'Uarkihgs should be, suitably 'Conspi~uoU$ So' that'they engage th~,

\ '1": ,~' attention. ·efdriver,s at a •.sufficient.,<[Link].e.

(c»" ~.arkings should be '[Link] so that similar devic.sw6w.d be

used in a uniform and consistent manner for similar sittJatiens.

(d)., ,!4arkingsshould be. of· suen, des;ign ,tnAt :~ivers:qan [Link]

';u· c't"ri".·'their meaning in good time te>rep,c;::tcorreqtly to the information
'>~ t .. presen,ted.

(e) Markings should be effective wnatever the WI, .';her condition's' and'
,by night as well as day.
,~ , . '. " '.

~ •.• (f) All necessary •••

 - 2 ..

(f) All necessary markings should be in place prior to the opening to

traffic of· any new highwaYI·detour or temporary route.

(g) Markings required byr~ad conditions or reguiation.::i' shoula bere;"

fttoved or obliterated wh:enthose conditions cease to existbr';
the regulations are withdrawn.
2.2 As with road' side signs;, the geometric form and 'colour of; a marking can
constitute 'a message, so it £sigene-rallyaccepted'that :uhiformity [Link];use of
marking deviCes is' desirable.
2.3 Road markings have an advantage' over roadside si'gns in that the: driver
can read their message with~ut diverting his eyes fiorii 1118 vehicles' track~":
However, road markings suffer impaired visibility in inclement weather and require
frequent maintenance. This is especially so for sections of road
,
that are heavily
~ , "

trafficked, where markings may become obscurred by the passage of vehicles. It is

also often necessary to repeat markings in situations where additional 'time is re­
quired for perception.

2.4 It is convenient to divide road markings into four categories:

1. Longitudinal delineation markings

2. Transverse delineation markings

3.. . Word markings

4. Symbol markings

LONGITUDINAL 'DELINEATION HARKINGS

3.1 > Georoetricshape:

3.1.1 [Link]~gs ,are fo~ed by:limas 'with parallel sides; they must'
either be broken at-regular intervals orsolid,·continubus for, their entire:,length.
The recommended normal width line is between~p~landO{.. 2 'metr,e~ and. if broken the
interval between gaps will be dependent upon type and use. (see Appendix Al).

3.2 Usage:

3.2.1 There'are three basic 'longitudinal ,lines used in the marking of! ,road
surfaces; these' are: thesolid'continuous line,the broken'Uneandfdouble lines
(both solid and broken). In.9~neral, each of the basic line types has the
following I(leaning:

•••• {a) Solid

 - 3 ­

(a) Solid Restrictive

(b) Broken llermissive

(c) Double Maximum ftestr~ctive (double solid)

R~strictive and. permissive on adjacent sides
(one solid, one broken)

3.2.2 Usage of Solid lines

".

[Link] A iongitudinal marking consisting of a white solid (continuous) line'

on the carriageway shall mean that vehicles are not permitted to cross or
straddle that line (Diagram r.. 1.1). When the line separates tbe two directions
of traffic it means that vehicles ,are not permitted to travel on the right hand
side. Such markings are used as centre line markings in the following situations:

on approaches to junctions.

on vertical and horizontal curves where visibility is restricted

on sections of roads where the carriageway is nar~ow or has some

peculiarity such that the range of vision is restricted,

[Link] Determination of length of longitudinal continuous lines in these

situations is based on the minimum stopping distance related to the 85~ percentile
speed, and eye and object heights (relevant on vertical curves) of 1.05 metres.

[Link] The minimum range of vision M below which a section of road should be
deemed a NO PASSING section for a particular direction of, tra~fic, at various
speeds is given below:

Approach speed (kmlh) M (metres)

100 320
:;.
80 260
65 180
50 120

Continuous lines are also used as edge. of carriageway markings, when <i'"to'l'''
used' . in this
" ". >,

T,l aythey should be considered as guidance markings and not. l:'estrictive. ~ese

markings are also white. ,

3.2.2~4· In addition .. .continuous markings are use¢! to indic:atea prohibition or

restriction [Link]::ldng or waiting, in which case the line should be¥ellow .in
colour and should be placed on the outside of [Link] .to any w;hite. eage of
carriageway n~rking (Diagram A 1.9).
• •• / Ca) Solid
 - 4 ­
3.2.3 Usage of Broken Lines

[Link] A longitudinal marking consisting of a white broken line on the carriage-

way sball not have a prohibitory meaning, hut shall be used either:
(a) to demarcate lanes for the purpose of guiding traffic (Diagram A 1.2)

(b) to give warning of the approach to a continuous line and the

prohibition that line conveys, or of the approach to another
. . .
section of road presenting a particular danger.

[Link] Lane markings are required where greater efficiency of use of the avai1­
able road space is required, since thOir use generally results in drivers utilising
a greater number of traffic lanes than in the case of an unmarked carriageway.

[Link] Lane markings should consist of strokes of equal length separated by

uniform gaps,tbe strokes beiI?-g. shbrter" in 'length than th.e gap!.j. The following
stroke/gap length and ratios are recommended for most. cases:

Stroke length minimum i metre

f maximum 6 metres
.Gap length mirJimum 1 metres
maximum 12 metres
Gap length/
Stroke leogth minimum 2
maximum 4

[Link] When a broken longitudinal centre line is used as a warning of the

a~proach to a continuous cent~eline (and of the Prohibition that line conveys), o~
. the approach to' a hazard the ratios in the preceding paragraph are reversed. That.
is to say, the stroke length is between two and four times th.e length of the gap.

3 .. 2.4 Usage of Double Lines

[Link] There are three types of double lines used in longitudinal delineation~

[Link] A longitudinal marking consisting of two white continuous parallel

lines [Link] have the same meaning and d'2lfine the srune restriction as a single con­
tinuous white line (Diagram 1~ 1.3). Such markings are used to emphasize the re­
striction on a road having an odd number of traffic lanes and an offset centre-line;
or where a seotion of road where overtaking is prohibited from both directions is
adjacent to a section where overtaking- is prohibited from one. [Link] only.

[Link] \'lliere a longitudinal marking consisting of two white parallel lines

one continuous arid one broken is used asa centre 1ine marking, a driver on the side
u

of the solid line is not permi'tteq. to overtake and a driver on the side of the
broken line is permitted to overtake only ifcoriditions are such that it is safe to
do so. (Diagram A 1.4).
 - 5 ­

[Link] A longitudinal marking consisting of white double broken warning lines

shall be used to delineate a lane or lanes in which the direction of the traffic
flow may be reversed. (Diagram I~ 1. 7) •

4• "'*~ TH.\NSVERSE DELINEATION ~mrucrNGS

4.1
with parallel sides; they may be either broken at regular intervals or solid con­
"

tinuous for their entire length. The recommended,

, .
normal width line is between
, "

;!g.21:fi:}nd~O.J)cme~rEils~~d. if broken the interval betwee:n gapswil} be dependent upon

type and use. ~~~£Ctuse~f~he an(jl,eat whichthedriye~ sees markings qnthe
~tarriageway, transveirse luarkings shall be wider than longitudinalmarkin,gs.J(see
Appendix I~2).

_4_._2_________u_-s_a_2,e~: There are three basic transverse delineation lines for marking
of road surfaces; these are;

, (a) Stop line

(b) Give Way line
(c) Lines for unprotected pedestrian crossings

4.2.1 Stop lines

[Link] A transverse continuous marking across one or more traffic lane should
mark the line\·at which vehicles are required to [stoP!t and, shou;L1i be used either
in conjunction with traffic lights or a STOP, sign. A width of ~'~3 metres is
recommended." . ,(Di,agram A, 2 .l) .

[Link] When used with a STOP sign, the stop line should be placed in such a
posi tion that the driver who stopsiInmediately' behind the line has the clearest
possible'view of the traffic on'theother a:tmefthe inte~sectiori consistent with
the requi:tement of other vehicular and pedestrian traffic.

[Link] stop lines may be supplemented by longitudinal lines and by the word
"STOP" inscribed' ~n the carri:ageway.

r:){4.2.2
4.2. 2.1 ,!. transverse marking consistil1g of one or two proken lines \across one
or more traffic lanes should mark the poin:~ beyond ,which, vehi,:les ll\9.y not normally
pass when giving way ,at a priority junction and should
.
be used in conjunction with ,

a GIVE WAY sign. The ;jlIin~~!llIl:,.line [Link] 0.20 met~~s,<ma~tmuJ:[Link].,6 metre!1

and the [Link] strokes shoulapeat;least twice their widthl t~;:tW:9,J.;.,i,mis
a1i:"e used the '[Link] between them should be Q.3'nietresa;pa:r~~ (Diagram A 2.2 ayb) •
•• •/[Link] The Give-Way/ ...
,,
 - 6 ­

[Link] The ~i va-Way hine may be replaced by [Link]~les ,marked side by side on
the ground with their 0YE;!E1:~c;:es pointing towards the driver,who. is required to give
way. The,;ba,ses of these triangles}should measuret,atleastO.40 metres but not~:oo
.than 0.6 metres hnd their !;[Link] 4;hould be at least O.6Cmetres. but not more .thal!
O. 70 metres . i

[Link] Give-Way markings may be supplemented by a Give-Way triangular symbol

marking on the carriageway.

4.2.3 Pedestrian Crossings

[Link] Crosswalk markings at signalised intersections and across intersectional

approaches on which traffic stops, serve primarily to guide pedestrians in the
proper paths. Crosswalk m~rkings across roadways on which traffic is not controlled
by traffic signals or stop signs, must also serve to warn ,the motorists of a pedes­
trian crossing point.

[Link] Zebra (uncontrolled) pedestrian crossings should be marked with broad

stripes parallel to the axis of the carriageway. (Diagram A 2.3).

[Link] '!the space between the stripes marking a pedestrian crossing should ge
at least equal to the width of the stripes and not more than twice that width; th@
" . '. t
:~:[Link] of a space and stripett5gether should be between '1 metre and 1.40 metre's.

l'h~ ~[Link] recommended for pedestrian crossings is 2.5 metres on roads cji:J.
.'!Vichthe speed limit is 60 km/h and cc4-met..res.,on;l;@.[Link]:lc,on,~hic:hthe spt?<etl·l,.i,nU;,t;~s

,lll,gh~rJ

[Link] Further discussion on pedestrian crossings is available in Section 7.'

5. WORD I-mRKINGS

5.1 Geometric.;Shape: The·geometrie shape ,of a work marking follo'V1S similar

principles to those 'I.1sed. for .lettel;'ing design on road signs in relation to size
proportion and spacing. (See [Link].A 3).;.

5.1.1, The size of lettering.' and numerals required for a r<?ad marking on the
road carriageway is related to the average speed of approaQhing vehicles: the
faster the approach speed, the greater the size of letter required.

5.1. 2 The proportion of longitudinal and 'transverse letters differ. The

former has a height to width ratio of (1:1). This is an unsatisfactory ratio for
transverse letters whioh suffer from foreshortening and thus have to be con­
siderably elo~gated in the direction of traffic movements •

• • •/5 • 1. 3 vlher.e
 - 7 ­

5.1. 3 " : wp~r,~·.4pprQach$p~eds,doriot,

:. "
.,,',;-.,.-
exceed,'50km!h the ,lette~[Link]:·I?-'Qll\erai's
- - . . - , -

!%Q9P;!."P- ;beat ..least . L60metr~si:tJ.1l).e:i,gl;ltJ. tWhe~~.'~.P'.i?;.~(1ch sp~~clSeXQe~<l 5Q ,~I

" -.-; ,'". " " ,- - - - -- ., ,"!
c~!iE..l,etters, and
.
numerals
". . Should he atleas.t [Link]'[Link]
" . .
" ,
hei9ht~
.
.::;;.5..;;.
• .;;;;2_
--=.U.;:;s.;;;a"'g.;;;..e:
___ Word loarkings should generally be ..whi [Link]. , .They may
be used for ,the purpose of regulating traffic or. warning cor guidingroaduse+s.
The words used should preferably be either Place n,ames, highways numbers :or .words
which are eas;ily understand~le internationally (e.g. ,"STOP", ":BUS", "TAXI").

5.2.1 Word markings should nob be used for mandatory messages except:in support
of standard signs.

5.2.2 Spacing and layout of word markings can be sJmmarised by the'following

basic rules:
1'_~ " • '. , • ' .- •

- ' 'Z-\l) There should never be more thanthre~ words per line. of me.3sage

(2) No message sbould e~tendPeyon!i thewi4th of the carriageway upon

which dri ~ers f9r whom the massage is intended shall legally and
normally be expected to drive.

(3) . When more than one line. is required, ; all wordingsl:lall nOI1l1ally
beread,[Link] fX'oF,Lthe appr9aching. driver, the first word of the
,message being nearest to ,the 4river.·

(4) ~l;iere" should ·n~y~rl:?~ ,more than three li,nesper message,:,eaqb;,li.r~

,peingseparated b y a spacingbfbetween£ourtGsixtimes., thei
letter heighB'

6. SYMBOL MAl?J<INGS MID SPECIAL MARKINGS

6.1 General Propertiesand'Usage: . Symbol markings·[Link]:.incolour.

may be used for'the l,ui:poseof'guiding~"waining'or regulating trafficin;.a·similar
manner to word markings. 'l'hey are generally preferable to word markings in that
they maybe'fead and theirmess~ge perceiv~d in 1,es, time than that reqUlredfor
an equivalent word' marking •.

6.1.1 Symb<;)l markillgs like word Ir~kingp sutfer fr()Jll foreshol':teIlin,g when used
in the tran,sversefashion•.. It is there~ore. ess~ntialthat symbols are ,also elongated
in the direction of flow of traffic.,
 - 8 ­

6.1.2 '·The rules with regard :to spacing' ~nd layout of word markings are equally
applica}:)le to symbol markings. : : ,'.,

6.2 Lane Seiection Arrow M~rkings: on [Link] sufficient'lanes to

separate vehicles approaching an intersection, the lane which traffic should use
ma3;' be indicated by .white arrow markings on the surface of the carriageway.
Arrows may also be USed on a one-way road to confirm the direction [Link].
tt'he, arrows . should not be less than 2 metres long;' and may be supplemented by word
markings on the carriageway. .([Link] A 4.1 -. A 4.6).

6.3 Zig- Z,..ag markings: ~;~A~:-~ag~l9:ng at t.."1e side oft.l1G a:r::[Link]~lay

'ishoUl4J)~:~ed~to indicate that. parking is prohibited on that side of the car:t;;<tage­

way'f.'or as far as the line extends. The marking should bef.; yellow,i and used in
locations where it is intended to emphasize the parking restrictions. This mark­
ing'§lhouldbe used in place of longitudinal lines, and may for~xample, 14e used on
approaches to pedestrian crossings ,andA:;.[Link].€~,d~'lSchooJ/'e'nt:tarlces. (Diagram A 4.7) .

6.4 Oblique parallel lines: Oblique parallel lines should be used to warn
a driver of his approach to a fixed obstruction within the paved carriagetllay. They
,lshould base inclined as to direct traffic from the area they defilE. WJ::l0 l':I.i!t:4,7'
mum length of hatching; eitheJ:".iddeof the obstructibn, should he 100 metres f&r
speeds in .~~~gs!'keji~60'k!ll/h'and 5-01flett~~"f6r';sl?eects below 60 km/h. ([Link]; A 4.8).

6.4.1 The length can be determined from the formula: ) where

L = length in metres
S = off-peak 85% speed in km/h
W = off-'set distance in metres (in this case the width of the
obstruction in metres)

6.5 Chevron markings: Chevron markings should be used at point on the

carriageway of tehic;Ularc;liver$1en~eFd,}i()nv~rgerlC~, and should be used in a
similar fashion'and for'[Link] length as the oblique lines. described in
Section 6.4 above. (Diagram 114 4.9 a,b).

6.6 Give-way trian91e~: 'May be used' to supplement arid emphasize the approach
to a give-way transverse line.{see Section 4.2.2) (Diagram A 4~lO).

6.7 Deflecting arrows: ceflecting arrows may be used to warn drivers of

their approach toa hazard. They should be used to supplement a warning marking
and may be located in advance of a continuous single or doUble centre-line
marking. Where two or more arrows are used, the [Link],between successive
[Link] should diminish as the hazard is approached. (Diagram A 4.11 alb) .

• • . /7. PEDES'1'RII~1 •••

 - 9 ..

7. PEDESTRIAN CROSSINGS

7.1 As indicated in Section 4.2.3, there are two types of pedestrian

crossings, each with its own road marking requirements.

7.2 ~J;~:Gitie~RinW. The markings used tQ indicate uncontrolled Zebra

pedestrian crossings shall be alternate black and white stripes painted parallel
to the axis of the carriageway kerb. t~£h,wPi1;est7i1?e should be between 2,:5 and<
The black stripes
. .
should not be considered a pavement
marking ,but should be used for contrast on light pavements.

7.2.1 .~ A Zebra controlled area spall. consist of an area lying ~ither on both
or on one side ·of a Zebra crossing and." demarcated by the following patterJ?of
lines:

(i) a Give-Way. line, painted 1 metre fr:orLlthe ·[Link] extremeties

of the black and white stripes;

(ii) two or more zig~[Link] containing not less ~~an 4 no more

than 18 \'lhite ma~ks and extending from ,[Link] 0.15 metres
from the Give-Way line.

(iii) eachrnark referred to' above ahall be 2.0 metres in length with
a gap of 0.150 metres between marks. The width of each ~ark

shall be 0.10 or 0.15 metres.

7.3 f l1~ali;G~0:sliiii;t~i~
-,,<..:.::,.- . ". r'" -­
~The markings used to indicate· a· qon~ol;Ledpelican
:,

pedestr~an cr5>ssing' shail consist of the following:. . .,

a broken white .line 0.10 ·metres in width consisting of

. 0.10 metre [Link] and 0'.:30 metre gaps. White
unidirectional road :studs may be placed 0.30 metres apart
·andO.25 metres on the outside of the line;

·(ii) a stoP. line O.:W metres in width and 1.8 metres l?arallel to
and on both sides. of ~~e pelican crossing (.30 metres
width for roads with 8~% speed in excess of 6.0 lan/h.);

(iii) on two-way roads ,a continuous centre li~ 0.15 metres \:ide

and 20 metres long followed by a. broken· centre line .,
0.15 metres wide consisting of. three stripes, '5 .0 metres
long and three gaps 2.0 metres long;

. (iv) on one-way roads dJ."ld on the nearsSade edges of two-way roads

a continuous yellow edge line 0.10 metres wide and 5.0 metres
long.

• •• /8. MATERIAL/•••
 - 10 ­

8. MATERIAL FOR ROAD MARKINGS;

" '

8.1 The success of a road marking depends ultimately on its ability to be

seen and ~dentified as a visual guide. Therefore, the most important criterion
in the selection of a material suitable for road marking shotil.d be its ability
to bese'en.

8.2 Markings are visible due to their brightness or luminance I that is, ,the
colour cont~ast between 'the marking and its surroundings. It, should be noted th~t
markings do not have their own source of light, ~~at, is, they ,are not self-luminous.
Road markings obtaih their luminance from the reflection of other ,light sources;
these being the sun in day time, and either street lights or vehicle headlights
during periods of darkness.

8.3 There are three different types of reflection:

Diffuse reflection when light is reflected in all

directions
Mirror reflection when light is reflected at an equal but
opposite angle to the light source
Retro reflection when light is reflecteq back in much the
same direction as its source

8.4 During daylight hours the property of diffuse reflection,.is utilised

by a marking and quring the night, that of retro-reflection. Both of these types. of
reflection requir~ the surface ·f the marking to have 'a rough texture.
" ,) ",
Consequently,
it is recomme:n:ded that [Link] for markings 'should 'incorporate small glass beads
to attain the required retJ;;o"7'reflective
,
quality, particularly in areas where con­
",

tinucms r9adway
\'
,
lighting
.' :
is not provided.
:i-:-" •

8.5 _';,a~s!:Pb~
I
for road markings' should be spherical, transparent and
',>," ,'"

free from imperfections. The beads may be ' i:n:[Link] in' or 'sprayed on' I that is,
"
incorporated the mix before application to the road surface, or dispersed onto a
i~
, .
wet paint (or thermoplastic) Surface. The advantage of the mixed-in variety is
their convenience in use and better distribu~on of b~ds within the mix; however,
it may be some time before the surface is sufficiently worn by the passage of
vehicles to expose the glass surface. Standard specifications exist for the type
and use of glass beads, suen a specification should cover such requirements as:

...1 depth of I •..

 - 11 ­

depth of emb~dment, for good bead retention including the correct

grading of bead size;
the ~,~{[Link]:lreindex lof the bead material; for conventional beading
this should be tl..5;
the :~,iflte [Link] w~ch should be between !4... $ arid6~OkgJlit:re/
" . "

8.6 There are other important criteria to l,e considered 'when selecting a
marking material: it is recommended that the chosen material shoUld have the
following properties.

good visibility, during the day, night and all weather conditions
particularly when the prevailing conditions cause poor vis'ibility
for it is essential at these times for visual contrast to be in
evidence for maximum safety of traffic operations;
high resistance to skidding so as not to present a hazard to traffic
operations;
durapility, that is, good resistance to wear, relative to the
prevailing traffic conditions, and thu::; to have a sat~sfactory

lifetime;
ease of application, thus creating as few ,adverse effects as possible
on traffic operations dUring implementation;
low cost, in relation to the e~~dted"lifetime mid the "cost 'of
; application;
ease of removal, in the event "that this is' requi:i:'ed.

8.7 Materials for road markings in common use at present are:

',(i) paints

(il) hot-applied plastics (thermoplastics)

(iii) cold-applied plastics

\ (iv) bbnded sheets

The characteristics, advantages and disadvantages .and ~ndaticw.S' 'fOr ,t;be:,use

of each ·c>f these.. materials are discussed:

8.7.1 Paints:

8. 7.1.1 Road markin~l" paints are simple to use and apply, and are. [Link] in­
expensive. They usually adhere well to both·bituminous and concrete pavements.
T.l1hile there is no need to make any special preparations to the road surface prior
to the application of road marking paint, adhesion problems wi11 occur if used over
old paint markings, esvecially after several applications. A further advantage of
road marking paints is that they have gen~rally wider ~pplication than other
materials, being more tolerant to varying road surface conditions .
• • •/However , / •••
 -12­ ..

[Link] The primary disadvantage of paints. for .. J;:'oad marking~. concerns their
tendency to give poor visibility in wet weather , their [Link] .is. normally
excellent in all .o:t:her conditions •. However, p'aints have.a .limited lifetime.
[Link] under heavy. traffic conditions.

[Link] After application, drying time ·can take between 15 and 60 minutes
.dependingon the· type of paint used. However, if traffic conditions so requir.e,
" fast-drying paints can be used to shorten the period .efdelay to traffic.

[Link] Due to their relatively low cost, it is recommended that paints be

used in Trinidad and Tobago for carriageway edge markings and when traffic volumes
are low, for centre lines.

8.7.2 Thermoplastics:

[Link] Thermoplastic roadmarking materials are applied hot by means of

special machines. Once the special equipment is available the application is.
relatively simple. The hardening (cooling) of poured thermoplastic takes
about 10 minutes, that of sprayed thermoplastic 1 minute. The latter can thus
be laid practically without hindrance to traffic operations. On heavily
trafficked roads, ·especially in urban areas, thermoplastic materials may be inlaid.

[Link] t~dhesion of thermoplastic road markings is generally good onbit~?ous

pavements. although on concrete surfaces it is generally necessary to providElEl,n
u."ldercoa~tng;prio+
---.-
".",--,-";:,. .. ,"...
to applying the thermoplastic material. The durability of
thermoplastic markings .is [Link] v but is dependent on the [Link] the
materials used.

[Link] The visibility of thermoplastics is slightly less .than that of paults.

However, due to the, .thickness of thermoplastics •. their visibility in wet weather
is better.

[Link]
. ,

Thermoplastics are gene£ally recommended for heavily trafficked roads

where the markings themselves are· subject. to crossing traffic. Owing to their
good durability and speed of application their pse on heavily trafficked
bituminous pavements is recommended.

8.7.3 Cold-applied plastics:

[Link] Cold-applied plastics generally consist [Link] materials.

As a rule, great care is [Link] their application and special,machines with
skilled labour is necessary. l~dhesion is generally '}ood on fairly clean surfaces
of both bituminous and cement pavements. In most cases, the durabiiity of cold­
applied plastics is outstandi~g.
• •• /[Link]/ •.•
 - 13 ­

a.7.3.2 The visibility of cold-applied plast~cs is generally good, the thickness

being an advantage in wet weather. However, under heavy traffic conditions, they
tend to become less visibl~ and skid resistant.

[Link] OWing to their high cost and other disadvantages, cold-applied plastics
are not widely accepted and, 'therefore, it is recommended that they are not used in
Trinidad and Tobago for the present.

8. 7. 4 B,onded sheets:

[Link] Bonded sheets are prefabricated horizontal markin~s, which are glued to
the,surface. Provided the surface is clean and smooth and the application is
performed with the necessary care, adhesion is normally good on bituminous pave­
ments. Under certain conditions I however, bonded sheets tend to become detached
from the surface. Other than this phenomenon, durability is generally good.

[Link] Visibility is generally good, and their thickness is an advantage in

wet weather. Under heavy traffic conditions, they tend to become less visible
and less skid resistant. Bonded sheet markings are easy to remove if this is
found to be necessary_

[Link] Despite their cost, :Jiiondedsheets arepa,rticularly suitable for.

:t,emporary markings, 'e.g., at roadwork wites, and their use for these applications,'
i.s'recommemded.

9. MAIHTENANCE OF r{oAD MARKINGS

9.1 It is essential to maintain roa&narkings in a condition, that enables

thenl to be seen and identified with ease, for lack of stimUlation of the attention
of the driver and/or difficulty in interpreting the meaning of the :markings may well
lead to a hazardous situation.

9.2 It is recoltlInended that a suitable schedule for inspection and, if

necessary, replacement of markings should be established. In the preparation of
such a schedule, it should be brcne in mind that the marking of roads should not
be carried out on a damp or wet pavement. Thus, the execution of the lllaintenance
programme should be carried out during an appropriate period when inclement
weather is least expected, particularly when using paints rather than thermoplastic,
due to their longer dryin~ time. Before carrying out the execution of any such works
it is worth considering the causes of pra\~ture paint failure so that every effort
may be made to avoid them Common causes of failure are as follows:

.•• / - insufficient/ •••

 - 14 ­

insufficient cleaning of the road pavement before execution of

the works;

damp or wet pavement during. execution of the works;

presence of alkaline ffiklterial on the road pavement,

over-thinning of the paint;

incorrect rate of application, causing an insufficient film
and thickness of paint.

.. ".'

:'1 '
!'=""

SPECIFICATIONS FOR LONGITUDINAL DELINEATION MARKINGS Cont'd

*
Longitudinal
Line Stroke Gap [Link] R
Delineation Colour E
Width Length Length Separation
Markin s

line - single Guidelines to make carriageway

continuous \vhite [Link] NA NA NA more visible. ffihiEker..[Link].e.d . Q'Q/
{ilhjal ,carriagewa)"i;laridrQads withl
,,~.. . ..... .. . 50kmib'.

Edge line - single Guidelines at road junctions.

broken white· [Link] 1m 1m NA Thicker line used on dual carriage-
ways and roads with speeds above
0.15m 1m 1m NA 50 km/h. Also used to demarcate
bus/taxi lay-byes

Edge line - single

continuous yello"W [Link] NA NA NA Prohibitive, parking prohibited

Edge line - single

broken yeUo"W [Link] 1m 2.5m NA Restrictive, parking restricted

Edge line - double Prohibitive, parking and stopping

continuous yello"W [Link] NA NA 0.10m prohibited
Ii'!'.

Longitudinal

Delineation Colour Gap Line

Width R E M A R K S
Length Length Separation
Centre line - single minimum Restrictive of the centre
continuous white O.15m 20m N A N A is prohibited ti

Centre line - single Permissive, crossing of the centre line

broken white O.15m 4m 8m N A allowed
8m 4m N A \.Jarning lines on approach to hazard or
·continuous line

Centre line - double minimum Maximum restriction, crossing of line

continuous white O.10m 20m N A O.15m prohibited

Centre line - one Restrictive and permissive on adjacent

continuous, one broken white O.10m 4m 8m O.15m sides, crossing prohibited from side
nearest to continuous line and permitt2d
from side nearest to broken line

Lane line _. single minimum

continuous white [Link] 20m N A N A Restrictive, crossing of line prohibited
O.25m N A N A N A To demarcate exclusive bus or transit
O.3Om N A
lanes. Wider line used where road
N A N A
consideration require that
emphasis be given.

Lane line -
broken white O.10m 4m
I 8m N A
Permissive crossing of lane line
permitted
[Link] 8m I 4m N A Warning lines on approach to continuous
line or hazard
O.20m 1m 1m N A To demarcate deceleration/acceleration
lanes

Lane line - double Warning lines to demarcate lanes in

broken white [Link] 8m 4m O.15m ~>Jhich the direction of traffic flow may
be reversed
 .........

SPECIFICATIONS FOR TRANSVERSE DELINEATION MARKINGS

I Tr ansver se ! Line Stroke Gap Line

Delineation Colour R E M A R K S
Hidth Length Length Separation
Markings
I I
Single solid I NA NA NA Stop lines at junctions controlled

white
I O.3Om
by stop signs or traffic signals

Single broken white O.3Om O.60m O.30m N A Give-Way lines at priority junctions

indicating points beyond which

I

vehicles may not normally pass when

giving way

Double broken white O.2Om O.60m O.3Om O.3Om Give-Way lines at priority junctions
indicating poihts beyond which vehicles
may not normally pass when giving way
 y'

/'

APPENDIX i A1
I ,

I Longitudinal Delineaition Markings

I General: j
i

I
I
The use of these lines shou1d be in accprdance with Section 3.
I (1)

(2)
i
i
The lines should be 100 to 2!00 millimetres in width unless
otherwise stated.
I (3) , They should have a minimum length 20 metres, if continuous.
I

I (4) Gaps between lines should b~ between lOa

Lines ~hould be white in cOllour, unless otherwise stated, and
and 180 millimetres.

(5)
be in reflective material [in accordance with Section 8.
I. (6)
:I
All dimensions are in millimetres.
i,

I·

, \

I
I
I
I
I

.'

 dimensions in nun.

-J ~ 150 150

.,
, 1
"'.
, 100­
1(150)
-1 ~ 100 r'1 ~·100 ~I -1 250':':

4000
I Transverse
"\ Delineation
Harkings
G)

I Single solid -l
c
8000:
4000

\ Single broken
o
z
l>
r
+ I
100
". "'--(150) " "

Double broken

I I
::I
z til
"0
CN S(
(J)
g:
cr
::I

Continuous Broken Do~ble continuous Double Continuous

(restrictive) (permissive) . (restrictive) (restrictive/permissive) (restrictive)

Centre line/lane/edge centre line/lane centre line centre line Bus/transit only lane
marking marking marking marking marking
li'
A 1.1 A 1. 2 A 1. 3 A 1.4 A 1.5
 ,­

I APPENDIX A b

I 'l:ransverse delineation markings

I General:

(1) The use of these lines shoul9- ibe in accordance with section 4.

I
i

(2 ) The lines should be 200 to 600 millimetres in width-unless

otherwise stated.
I
( 3) 'I'he lines should be white in Colour/and
, be of a reflective
material.

i
All dimensions are in millime~res.
I (4 )

I.

I­
 300

Stop Line Marking

A 2.1

~1_600

Give Way Line Marking

A 2.2a

200
300

200

600
.._.1_
f i
r
300 Give Way Line Mar.k' ing

A 2.2b

-
-- - a =
a ~
400 to 600
b.(, 2a

-
Zebra Crossing Marking
A 2.3
for speeds" 60 km/h
. II . ~ 60 kro/h
c>
c ~
2. 5m
4.0m

dimensions in rom.

t1inisfry Public Utilities and National Transportation

Traffic Management Branch

TRANSVERSE D MARKINGS

(l)
..-I
..0
::J
o
P
 ~&~-"'U l1li .. - .. - - - • .- - - - •• . .. . ..• ".-,
III , • "' . ~ .•• . ~~
ti; .."::",,',..1.

150
H
-1 -1 ~1 100 100--++
1 ~ ~.

{is I~~'ooo
100

0)
1000
8000

r
a
z 1000 1000
(j)
"
-I 4000
"- o

I
C
CJ -0
\ ,"
-I c
Z ... c­
» ....0
.... n
=

r o· c
-::0 ~ ----'----dimefisioris
:;,
a o
» oQ)
3t:l.
0
:;,
CJ
Q)
:;, z
~
-0

» a: ; ,6o­·
CIl ­
::0
A
Z
G)
n
=.~
:;,
(It
'0
1­
(f)
...o
e:g'

Acceleration/dec~leration Reversible lane

'I
Edge of carriageway at
:.. a road junction
lane marking marking -
A 1.7 A 1.8
A 1.6
 00
1-100
100 100
4 Hf-100
"":" "".
!~

.,'.t;:.:.::- . 1000

Transverse r
Delineation 0
z ~

I G) ~.

...
!I!.
-f '< 2500
Single solid
C
0
z
»

­ 0

"'Cl
c
c:r :>,

~.
Single broken ' r ~
(1) •••._.. ­
'0>
cu
::0 :!::= 'M 'M
o Q
=>
Ii) H
H
H
H
»
.
UI
Q <\l cu
o tOo o o
Double broken "" =>
3 0. 'H 'H
. o o
s aso' -
4-1
0·,
dimensions in ffiffi. (l)

» III
.... ::l
o Q
(l)
00'
"d
tJ1
'tl
::0 ::l~ 1Zj. I:il
o
A ::roo{

Z
a
::>

G) til

-
'0

(j) o
....
ao'
::l

!
-,-
II I 100 100

\1'-"1 f<-T l~,!~T-

l5d . 150
:;.
NOTE: ~ll markings for of carriageway Edge of carriageway marking Edge of carriageway marking
and stopping con- marking Parking Restricted
P~rking Prr~ibited
Parking 'nd stf)pping prohib1- ted
should 'ellow in
A 1.10 A 1.

.: ltJ'A ,.(.:,!;''IIa., \·';:;1~L

 .t

I. Transverse
Delineation
'J Narkings
I
j Single solid
I
I

I I Sine-Ie broken'
0

.
I

I Double broken
... ~.".-- .. - . -"'-"j -""-~

11

A3-3d
 Each block measures
IOOmm){ IOOmm

l°ot-t
~}

,
A c

_
....
l
LETTER MARKiNGS FOR

.
'
i'
WITH APPROACH

II

SPEED ER 80 km
 I Transverse,
,.mJ~:;~~~:~ ion
,
j Single solid

II Single broken

"--'Double-br-ok:en-­

4000mm

{I
A3'3b
Enc h block measures
IOOmm x IOOmm

LETTER MARKINGS FOR ROADS WITH AN APPROACH SPEED OVER 80 km/h

 {.:~

4000mm

'.

,;-;4.,

~
n millimetr s
A 3·30
-.""'It""­
Each block me'l5UreS
IOOmm l\ IOOmm
Ministry of Public Utilities and National Transportation

Tratfic Management Bronch

LETTER MARKINGS FOR ROADS WITH AN APPROACH SPEED OVER '80 km/h
 . ~

-1 ~70mm
IIIII111 t--t-T-11' C!

I ' I 350mm

! Transverse

'jl Delineation

", Markings

I Single solid

Single broken'

2800mm

"---r--Dou1rt-e-broken '----'~----:------·-l~..~----,-,--

I
' < - - - - - - I_

A~;?O-
~ ~
, ... '~,
'

,­

Ministry of '~"' __-::' National Transportation

,,>Inent Bronch

F-IGURE MARKINGS \~/ ' r~f

 ":i·

-l r- 70mm

350mm

:~.:i:'
....1....

2800mm

.,.

"Jo> ~
" A3'2c

c~-

LETTER NGS_ FOR ROADS WITH APPROACH SPEED BETWEEN

50 and 80.' km Ih
~i
.....,~lJ Eiiiii;;W
_Ji! _r
·~d
l _!I
~;j
1IiIIIIIIIII'II'
_~ij
_f
_::lli
_';
_!l~i
 ~~--~~~-------------------------------------------------------------------

.. ~

- ----,
------1.

1
TURN
I
• RI GHT I
'(
I
x
~

~
'NO I
...
i, f
I 1

Note
X latter heit;lhl (m)

Y iina SPClCin<J (m)

V : 11 rprocr:!', s pe€ d k m/h

V ? 80 C:;:. X : 40 m

8::, > v> "'>0 -:? X~ 2'8m

822
50 :,p. y ':;' x, 1G r.;

Retio Y:X' minimum 4;1

maximum 6: i

Direcl ion vi flow --{)

USE OF WORD MARKINGS FOR REGULATORY MESSAGE

 i
~
I'

I;
I

!
.I

.... 100 It

!
i
-~
.I~

~--r T

Ii i
L-- ..L_ .._.1
I

'i

h.

!
I

'1

:
t
I
'­ I1

I!

62.3
I
.1

I
F I (;r J R[ FOR ROADS WITH t,N !:.PPROACH SPE

OR LESS
OF 50 krn/h
I

,I
.J
 !
I:
\ f
~.
, !.
j
/
I I

I,
1

.
1

! \
-·Ft=
--,. r­ !
1
\t ! 1 I

f- 1-' J

I 1----­
J.
t
I

!
! .. I

!
It
I

I
: ' ~
1

I I
I
I

4000
I

: i

" :.
I

!
I

______t __

825

~t.i~1. of Public Utilities and Noliono! Tronsporlohon

~fflc t~emanl ?!onCh-,­

. /
WORD MARKINGS FOR ROADS ~~ WITH AN APPRO f··CH SPEED OVER 80 km/h . I

;'
I

"
 \.
,
J/
i

(:, .
". .

_ •• t~.., ~"

l~-~·J---'l------------------------------------------~~~~-~"'=·"="~=·"=-'=::.
!.
! ..
!'.
I .. .
," '. I
~

....
I

r h ij
:
··r
'r'
! "• ," ;; ~ t.· !.'
.1 ... \ I
I
•• " • •' 1., ,. If
1
i '. : . ~, .;.' ,f
I .1
I
!
~
0
;JJ
0
-:.:­
~:;...
;..::.
;n
:;.x:
--:,--

Cl
(f)

T\
0
:X)

'::0
0
}>

v)
<
<
-j
!

1>
'T}
T)
~~l
()

-',­
-1._

(j)
V
P:
L~.-J·
fll I'

0 , '.

______________________________
N
~ ________________________________________
I 0
~~l
I
-I
r
o

. ,,' j

,"
· .

r<)
<t

I
1

f
 r0
<:(

LL
o
C..l

:.U

0::
,~ 0

Ii

!
,-' (>
-~ ..

. ::.-.
~~ l
I!
IE.
, -I
.:El
j
C)
.r._
I

I y::
j

I .r
ry
~,

i <

I,
I
I
!
1
I
LJ.

(
 ,
..;-,:...,., ~.

350mm.

2800mm

"'l:;.

A 3-20
...... ;..

Ministry of Public Utilities and Notional Tronsportatiof\.

Traffic ~nagement Branch

LETTER MARKINGS FOR ROADS WITH·APPROACH SPEED BETWEEN

.1.1 •
50 and 80 km Ih

. .;Ill'
 .. -. ~

-1r-70mm
350mm .j)

Transverse

I Delineation
Narkings

I Single solid ~80QrT)m

I
I
J-
Single broken .

I Double broken

L
A,

A3·2b

Ministry of Public Uti HUes and Notional Transportation

- - - - ­ -­ ---Traffic Management Branch -

LETTER MARKINGS FOR ROADS WITH APPROACH SPEED BETWEEN 50 and 80 kmlh
 Each block moosures
IOOmm x IOOmm

01
g

-I ;.

~
A3'lh
M

::-IGU MARKINGS FDR ROA WITH APPROACH SPEED OF km/h

Z~;:"",,Ji
-~-" .... as _ ~l'
1 _,· ~I
. . . . .t ~
OR LESS

~
.
:ullll!lll£1
_I ..-,
"III!IIIIIIII'~ ~l
_I .. ~I
 /'

;,''!J

"
G)
C
:::0
ITI

S
»
JJ
A
Z
(j)
(j)

o
:JJ
r
ITI
(JJ
(JJ »~ g
Z<l>O­
:;,
» ... ~
v ....
vwg
a
:JJ
0:1­
0

»"
o·
I
(JJ
v
rrJ
rrJ
o
o
.."
()l
o
:;:>;'"
3
3>

»
(JJ

.::(jJ .::(jJ
"0
.:: .r!
r-l
~
0
_'<:
0
OJ 0
U) 'r! 0 ).4 ).4
)..J .\J U) U) .0 .0
(jJ (\)
(jJ
:> (jJ ~ (jJ (jJ
U) c: .r! r-1 .-i r-I
c: 'r! ~ 0() 0()
.::
.0
til r-i ).4 c: .r!
::l
0
l-I ~l CIl ''-;
en en 0
:~
'i~=-~i
 H I

,'

Transverse

I
, Delineation
• Markir~_"l2g.::s_ _ _ _ _ __

Single solid

Single broken

~'--'-.---- ..-...--.,

Double broken
;:r;
",:J
~

A3'lg
"
Each block measures
IOOmm x IOOmm

fiGURE Ah~,''JQS FOF\ F

 oJ<;

.. 0
o
u:>

....

A3'If
measures in millimetres

, . -
LETTER MARKINGS FOR 'ROADS WITH AN APPROACH SPEED OF 5' km/h OR L
''!' •
 /.

~
,r­
rTl
......j
-"1
--t-?
rn

::tl

?:
1>
;.0
::,
A
'i!>:
C. )
,j)

"
'1' !,
'- I

ail
1111
I

II
I, II•
I
I

•...
II '.

III I
......'.

Transverse
Delineation
I Harkings

Single solid

Single broken

o
- ..•. - ..-~
~.

Double broken

8f
measures in millimetr6s A 3'Ie

. LETTER MARKINGS FOR SPEED OF 50 km/h OR LESS

 "

l100 j

a
a

;~~:.

I Transverse
Delineation
\ Markings

I Single solid

I Single broken'

Double broken
I '

~-~

A3-lc

, ·.... :...
measures in millimQtres
~try of Public utillti(gu~arioitol Transportation
. Traffic Management Branch
LETTER MARKINGS R ROADS WITH AN APPROACH SPEED OF 50 kmlh OR LESS
 :\'7'::':._'::::':..':.1::;:::!-';:'-:~-;"';-:':-~~:::~;:':::.~~"""""':'" ~'!"''-~''::'~ :.:' '~~';;'lIli~..:,.:;... ,.~;,~,~

.(

Ft

~,

o
,0
~

'.

millimetr s
fI A3'lb
measures in miIlimetres
-Ministry orPublic milities and NOf\onol Transportation
Traffic Management Bronch,

LETTER MARKINGS FOR ReADS WITH AN APPROACH SPEED OF

OR LESS

---~.

rr:'~~ -- ... - .. ilIIIIIIII ~ ':IBl 'II1B ~ ~ iIBI ~ '3RI ~ .. ~ ... ,.. .IfIIi!iIiIf
 "

"

API:'ENDIXiA3
, ,
i

WORDI'1ARl~&NGS

~ ! ,
The fbllowing guidelines should bel applied t6 the "use of word markings:
I
1. Their use should be in accordince with' Section 5.
' '" ·1'
2. Letter and numerals
.
should belin
I
accordance with the size and
fo~mat defined in this appen~fx,
!
:
:3 • Each letter and numeral. should, be considered to be on a separate
Lile with associated spacing asi
demarcated by the dotted lines in
the [Link]. i I .,1

if • To set out a word marking (m ~he carriageway the f6110wing metbod

is suggested; I ., I
(i) determine. how much of ~he carriageway width is. availaJle for
the work, allowing a m~nimum of 300mm. clear' at either ,sidE';
! '
(ii) decide on the siz~ of ~he alphabet required. This can be
done by abtaining
,
the kpeed
I
85 percentile ~pproach speeds
aud using the appropria te let ter or numeral size. '
I ( lii) add up the tile widths (letter or numeral plus associated
spacing) and, determ,ine tlJ.e overall width of the marking.
I I
(iv) i f this width is less than the width calculated at (1)
I
above then, the word 1il{iY be positioned centrally within
the width available. I

i
(v) if the width is more than thewidtb calculated at (~) above
then a suitable abbreviation will need to be considered.
I .
I
i
I
Lt:t.t:ering and numerals shouldlbe white in colour, unless otherwise
stated and be of a reflectivel material. .
I,. h.
I ..

Approach speeds refer to t6 e ~5% Speed at off-peak periods or the .

design speed (whichever is the higheF).

f.
[
 100

o
::;:0

r
rr1
(j)
(j)
I
i
(j)
V
rr1
Jil
0 .
0 .,~
-n ',,1\
c
(J1 ...
V'
0
?"
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,~

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c: '.-1 ~ .!I.
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..,0 ..,
0
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0) ('0

:> (l) c:: <!J <!J Q)

f1l c:: '''; r-l r-i r-i

c:: •.-/ ~
.., 00 00 ..0
,
~.
rur-i

""
HA ::<::
(\) CIj
c:
-.-/
til
c::
-M
(/l
:::l
0

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I:

,.

- .' I
. . .- -.. ~--t-
I
2-?5m I
--T-­
i

812
!

!
I·
.....- ......--.•---- Ministry of P1Jblic Utilities! and Natiollof Transportation
TroTflc Mcnagement Branch

STOP L.I NE

~ ....v.\>'·'-'r'''''::.'.'.. ~ ~:~"'.~~.,~~":"','!'.,('."l.'

5° OJ
. ~' '.
3 N ':

::: ' ..t> \

.'. .1.
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...~
14
,
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.'

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 i
0N'IN(:l'v'M' ()"J..I(:lOI(:ld)! )"'lfM 31\18 (:lO.::1 8 N I >W 'If IN
I
1I:lUDJ8 -fuawe1'louoW·.. ·:iiHoiI

-:-=~~-:r::-:~-:--=-=:_ "'jlii-D-s-a-u!T! iii

·w 09'0 '<:" = (1

W 09'0 •. Of>' 0 = r,

910N

£18
 :
. :""'-"":":.:::'.-:::'~~-':::'-" .::::':"':'-''::'':::'':: ..::-~:-.".:.-.. ..... .'" ~:.'::..--f-,.''':=-:';''-'--'--'-'--'- .. ______ N···...
i

I
Distance corresponding seconds of
I
10 I I trovel, time
.q.I 4 1
.....,......!
~ :5
+ ,
I , l.
I I I
i I
- .. -~­ - I ~ ---~ -. .-p ~--­
i
i
I
! B 110
Defleotion arrows on approach to overtaking restriction on.a two lane two way carriogeway
!
i

_l- _- JJj
Distance corresponding seconds of
to travel time

4{>
2 1_1 ---~. ~~---­
---()

--I ='""==-:=...... -­
~~-- <J~-­

B lib
Deflection arrows on three l~ne road
I

~ ~ ~--..~
- - - - .... - __ ___ _ ....... L.~ ___ _______ __ I •
::::===========
---1(> !
I_­
I .

---II> !
1

,
median I
. I Bite
i
Deflection arrowa In [Link];n lone. of 'duol carriageway.
,.

I I .

D1rection . of fl~w! . --()

Road markln~ ~
I...
--------;-;;-:~~-.:-;-~-:-:=;-:-:--~~=----:-:-:--,...-..-~­
,Ministry of Pu bllc Utilities and i National Transportation

i Traffic Management Bra,neh

I I
THE us OF DE FL ECTIQN ARROWS

(:1 (:1
"Cl QJ Q)
C '..-1 ~ ~
.Q) 0 r-l .0 .
'r; 0
(J) 0 k k
k .w (J) (J) ..0 ..0
Q) C\1
:> (J) (J) <II <II
(f) C .-f .-i .-f
C ...-1 . b() b() ..0

rUr-l C C ;:J

.%;
k QJ 'r>i 'r>i 0
~ : E-< 0 (f) (f)
0
"
 r-----------------------r------------------l

bstruction or beginning

rof central reservation

---I[)

B 100 1,
i
I
I

Medion on four lone two way road.! i

--{)
L

b
'. <J--­
I
!
BlOb
1
I
Traffic island on two lane' two way: road.

r
I

-_._-'---,-_.
I
L
-t---~-l--.----W~!J
I i' I
~'
Ii . I
. - -___~~_I_ _ _ _.....
0 0
o L

--'
! .
--~-.,---.

------~~~-.-----

BlOc

Traffic passIng on both side's of obstruction !

Note
D';: S xW minimum D = 30m In urban are,as.
I. 6 60 m in rurQI aram•.

S:; 85 % spaed km/h

L = length of war~, ing line

W:: wid t h of obstruction m-
V;: > 60 I(m/h:::) L = 100m I Dlraction at flow
1_ _\_1_ •. ,!,:__ 6_Q_It_m•.:.!b_=...;.>_'_L_=_5_Q-:m:-:-:-_,.---;_ _ -:---=--;--:-:_"7":'7~!~----'~:-;-'-:-:---;----=-----()-:--;-:-------"":---F
Mini stry of Pu b lie 'UtiHties and Notional T ronseortotion
[Link] Management ,BraneR
I

MARkiNG OF CARRIAGEWAy
i
NEAR I OBSTRUCTIONS
,
!

I
I

~.. '" i. .~,,~

"~.
!
'",
 ,.

~
--1-'
r
-.,
-----"'-
------..•..,­ ~
---G>

- - - - - - - - - -­ ,
~

---' -'--­
-----'C>
iiWillifi
i
89j Q
I
Marking for parallel accfleration lone on highway.
i

~.".,

------,.
. ..- ..
-, ~.- .~.-"

~- ___ -_44A~
--T)
.. - ~ ~
t
~

-:---- ----,­
,i
<]'--­
I
89b I
i
,Marking for acceleration llone at ureda intersection,
i '
i
i

I
I
i I 'j
Direction of traffic 'fiowl --()
!

Road marking •

i
Mlnls1ry of Public Util,ltie~ land tiatlonal Transportation
Traffic Management' Branch'
r----t
:...
MARKING FOR
i
[Link] LANES
i
I
"..

'~"" ,.....".• "."'.~-;"""'l:'C,"'~ '_~":" ,",' "'~ ,..." . ''': .. ,'.;.. ... " "

~ C
"0 (I) '(I)
~ .r-! ,!G ,!G
,,(I) 0 M 0 0
'u) 'M 0 !-< !-<
).l .j.J til til ..a ..a
(I) C1l
:> (l) r:: (I) (I) (j)
·M
til C 'r-! M M
o -r-!;!<\ 0.0 0.0 ..a
n:l r-l
!-< (j)
).l
C1l or-!
r:: 0
or-!
::l
0

e,
'f, :IE-< 0 ~ ct:l ct:l 0

."'
I·
Broken deceleration lone marking.

~ --==r=-t~ ~

_~_~houldt!!:.-=_·___.._ -:::::
- ~
__
!~
II •
!
I
-+- -- -­
--fl!­
I

-{) ----[Link]>o i --+­ ---flI""

iM""ifRi1'i
I
. 8:80

,
Markings for parallel deceleration lane on highway

. i
i

fiat \ /I a 1/
B~~
painted
trian g, \

~ LJ
I
................
i
- ___ 4"'4~ - - . r"

~
I
I.

B8b \idewolk .
"
Marking fO! deceleration .lane at at grade intersection.
i
I
I
I

.~.

[Link]

Direction of traffic flow --'-----C:?

. I
I
Road marking I'ilJ1:- .iI
f

1. . ,
MARKINGS FOR DBCELERATION LANES
·t "j

i
j
!
!".. ":.. . ! " r,.~,..<:, ,,~,.,~·::!~_
..

,1 \•• o·
, ~~:, :!
.'

::" "): ;[ "

,.' ;
 ,

I,

1 -()

j <}---.

L. D .

I ~;f
From 2 lane$- to :3 lones

I '.;< B 70

I}12'

I
:.';.",' ,

I
t,~.1.",
"',:.
---L>

------r.>
;==+=!"
~ - . .; ; ; ; ;:; ; t:; ; ; ; ;D~l; ; ; ; ; ; ;'
. 1 --{) , - ---­
L;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;._

{, .., -""--''"-,1-- -::::.:::....,. . : ; .L -l'1-...r--':-v­

i
Wg "

I ~=~'~. '-~~====~::::::-~I===::::::========:==(}--=-.-~
"

r:J--~ :::=' ..
('

• From 4 lanes to :3 lanes

•~ =>

..
V 60 I<m/h L ~ 100 m j i ::.1: 50
r
v 60ltm/h =) L ~ 50m i I ;; 1: 2.0
D distance run In I sec
Direction of traffic flow. - - ( )

\ ength of warning line

B 7b

Iii
Traffic I, Management 8 ranch
ilL !
CHANGES IN
L,,__ WIDTH OfFI
)
AVAILABLE CARRIAGEWAY
 ! : . l~-l ~3Q,"-~
;=~~~~~-~~~~--~t~~:~~~~~~~

... L
-----()

--() ----t>
I
<J!--­ ()-{>

-<J-~ <J-­

B7c

From 4 lanes, to :3 lana s

--() • D t ~I
~----<C> --()

i <J.,---­
<Jr--- !
-
~~~
<)--­
__ardl
~
i B7d
i
From' 4. lanes to 2 lanes

~.==~
-----D
-----()

<J­ ='= =--­

<J­

B7e tOt ~
From r4
I
lanes to 2 I ones

NOTES
,
V>-60km!h:=. L~ !OOmji:: 1:;50

V ~ 60 km/h ::: L ~ 50m I I :: I: 2.0

D: distance run in I sec.

Direction of traffic flow.-d>

L = length of warning line I

CHANGES AVAIL;ABL'E CARRIAGEWAy

~

..... "----------------------_.

""'-'-oT: --~ .~
" " " "...... . . . . . " " .. & •• J.'."'<t::,:.:-", ~""/' . ";·"~.,"",·:..,..~ ... =".n·.',".01'".. ~"'~~~[Link].;_~.

'.
.~
I
iL~ ! ~
.Hq~
c .~ ~
til..-{H
H (\) C1l
00
C
.~
en
bO
C
'M
CIl
;
~
;:)
0
10
'. - ------------,---_--1
 /

I i
obstacle toller tlhan

I .I
I

I
eye height

[I'

!
I

I
and CIS passing Z?M
1 sight dis1ance B A~M

of sight I
end no passing
I ine of sight

I
zone sight distance
CD~M

i I
begin 'no passing zone
S6a start no POS~ingzone
Ilight distance A B M < sight distance DC M <

I
f.
i
I
...
:
!~
I

a;6b i'

I M '" IT! inim;Jril ni{ll1t dlutance

v ;:" 60 k m/h d.> L ~., 100 m

v,::; 60 km/h ~ L ~ 50 III

Dlreellon of traffic flow

L:: length of warning line
--~.

J ~~nlstry of Publlq 4tlljtl68 Girll,1 National TroMeor1'utlon

. ,. i I
Traffic i MaoQ,sement . Branch
-~ .', , I
. !: ' .

r MARKING OF TWO WAY TWO OR THtREE LANE' CARRIAGEWA'YS IN

HOF~jZONTAL
!.
CURVES WHERE RA~~GE qF VISION IS RESTRICT E 0
i I

I .

, ..."'"
 ,J~~l
'I
~:
Ij
!... J')}~~
,III

'Jill ..... T~
line of

~~:--- .r-
. "'- ......
......
......

iI,•
I ._".-- ,
\ .

86e L~
~l\;.~

'\
I!
II
I
r
r
f
?

'~

Note
M= Minimum sight distance 86d
V= 60 \,m/h L ~ 100; :: (: 50

V= 60 km/h L ~ 50; :: 1.20

L= If,ngth of warning line
--~) ... i!q,:;;(;I: t1f traffic flow

--.--..--.------.---.. Ministry of Public Utilities and Notional Transportation

Traffic Management Branch
MARK !NC; OF TWO WAY TWO ·OR RE ELANE OARRIIAGEWAY fN. HORIZONTAL CURVES'
j I
WHERE ANGE OF VISION IS RESTRICTED
"

c P
"0 ill ill 'II;
P ',-4 .;G ~
ill a rl a 0
Ul .", 0 H H
H+-J Ul Ul ..0 ..0
ill m b
:::- Q) p Q) ill Q.)
en C
.,-4 rl rl rl
P ',-4 ..:.: bD bO ..0
q) r-j H p d :::!
H {1) ell ',-4 ',-4 0
<-<Q~ tf) tf) Q
-------
 ,/'"
",­ .."... ..--;

,
/
/

'ill

---
_
.
--J-:.;:rR'/Ii
I
Eye and I PROFILE
height

_.--[) L .. " ...•.. . ... .'

'L
i
1'"

........f - .... - t---­ ----1---- --­

.:}"._._.- iI
~'-'-'- ....... " ... ..

"

85 I
I
I !
,
-----,.--,
. "....,-,..--{> p L,

___ ___ ,__ 1

("'1-
.; ,--E>
___---i 1---
! I' - - - - ~--
_A\.1.:-"" ...,
,..,;:.
•
i --~,,,,-, <J---.+-':" •
1- L ;--0-;;;..-" ",­
: t"
, -­
! ~
j_. ~ ... ,-_.-----_ .... -._- .-....._"'- .... _'..

v --c>
(}-­
-.-~ _... --- -_..... ----..:.-'/~

L (Jr--­
,~:::l, D .'

i 85;c

Note

Dlrectiun of traffic flow

!J;: Distan(;e run In I sec.

v 0~0 km/h::= L roo m I = I' 50
V 60 km/h = L 50 In I = I: 20

fv\ " Minimum sigllt distance

,: ,.•}Ii. .,)i ,'':)r'ning, line

MAFH<ING OF TWO AND THREE LANE

CUFNES WHERE THE RANGE OF VIS
: IN BOTH DIRECTIONS BECOMES GREA
L.. ___.. . ,."., __.'. ___._...__.... ,__ n' L. f-\ v! 1...,=.;",...,-'__

~
"0 (I)

.r! ,!G

.-i 0

0
H

U) ,.D

Q) Q)
.-l c-l
00 ..0
c:
.r!
:::l
0 ,'.
U'l 0,
 .... < --~-..... ~. ~Il~~ i
I .
".,.4•. ~··.N.':::<: ....,:'!~~~ I !~ PROFI LE
Begin no passing zone I En,JnOiPO!lSing zone 80Jjin no passing zone.
sight: distance A 8.( M j Slgr.t [Link] CD ~M sight dlstanee OC .{ M
I '
,I I :'
End 110 po, sln9: zona.
li9ht! distance ~ A ~ t.1

LJI

____ __.. _ 11
--
L ».,. 1: .....
-
_+_
­
!------ --- j
(}--­

4<;1

(}---
L.
L
r-
-~--
t
1
I
"-1.
i

I i
!
__ i
-r--
'''='4 ---
I

__L
--,.:,.~j-
, I :
4b

.----=-{>--
ilc--l>L
,(. . °-~' i,*,-
{);
- <l---=-­ I -I--
; ~ --:.rl1 i}.Q. I
#
L ;-----c>
-1---­
<r---c>
'--~----
-,

r~~t-
,
i4d ,
.
--()-._-­

A
. ,

I
, , ,

....-+~
- _~- .. Q "~1----~'
!
----Ie> --,....() :

-f)
~
-----1.">'::",---- .,' ~
' ' <J-----{)
\ - L
~ '<}_..........._­ (}--'-­
.f. .__ ~--.----_.-....
<J-­
· 'j' Nota 49,
. Direction of traffic flow - - { )

. \ D: Distance run in I sec

V> 60 I,m/h =9 L ~ 100ml i = I: 50

,V~'60k,.m/h:9L 50mj
· M:: minimum sight distance
~ ,'= 1:2.0

t
· . l" Ien~lh. of wor.~!~.L!!'!.~. ,
-M--in-!s-t-rY-'-'o~f~P-u~bl-lc~U~t-lr-lf~le~~-.-on-d~N-a-r~lo-na~I-=T~ra-n-s-po-r~ta-t~io-n----------------~
Traffic Man9gement Branch
MARt\lNG OF TWO AND THREE LANE trwo
i ;
WAY CARRIAGEWAYS .IN VERTICAL
CURVES WHERE TH.E RA~GE OF VISION IS RESTRICTED
_ _._--_. __. - ......
... ..

'"
.!
:f ~

I
1····
-;....:.:..:.-.

.~

" 'J

...

Straight through through /right turn Right turn

o
.~

o
~

2
o.-r .O~
o
(\/

I 0.60

I
I
0'('.!1
I.() .0
'~

,i I,
,""
I

I,

i
.of
~l ~ ~

Note
(I) Arrow direction rna)! be
reversed
(2)Approach speed> 60krrvl!

lJ-..-~ A4;1 Lj' ;~ A4·2 .J ~ :f!1 .

ql5
moos urea in
metres

Length of the arrow 750 m. A4·3

......­
Ion

I MARKINGS
L_._ _ _-----:._- - ...

\.

C ~
"d QJ (])
C 'r-! ...';I:: ...';I::
(]) 0 .-I 0 0
tf.) 'M 0 >-l >-l
l-I .w (IJ (IJ ..0 ..0
QJ lil
:> QJ C QJ (]) (])
(IJ c:
'r-! .-I .-I r4
c: 'r-! ...';I:: bO bO ..0
ttl .-I >-l ~ ~ ::l
>-l Wctl .,-l 'r-l 0
·;t .. IE-< 0,>:: _ _Cf.l Cf.l 0

"'...
 APPENDIX: A4

j'.
SYMBOL MARKINGS,

I
I.
i
The following guideline should be applied to the use of symbol markings~
!
I
1., Their use should be in accorda~\ce with Section 6.
I
I
i
2. Symbols should be white in colqur, unless othervJise stated and be
I

of a reflective material. I
!
3. All dimensions shown are in millimetres unless otherwise shown.
\
4. Approach speeds refer to th~ 8~% speed at off-peak periods or
the design speed (whichever islhigher)~
i
.~
i
,i
I

•
-'<I'
,.

,.'

.j
.'

,r
",' ;I~
I'
, 1;> ;{,'l
 'li
.1 I

I
'"
~

I:
I i
SELECTION A,RROW MARKINGS
I
II . SfrO Ig ht through Straight throughYright turn .
!
!
Right

0.7
turn.

I. r 1'i 1I
II I I
II
\

II ItOl
10
I.
IN
i
I
I,
I
:10\
:0
j(\J

i
II ,
I
I
!I
Ii
I

tJ
II 01
R
01
0;
i ,I

.,
to,
I o
o
o
Il."l

~
I
; I
I
~ 10\
i~,
I
I
I
I
. !

I
I Note
(I) Arrow direction may be
reversed.

II (2) Approach speed ~ 60 km/h

-- measures 'in
I 015
A 4.4
0.15
A 4·5
1
I
I
0.15
A4·6
metres

i
Length of the arrow 5·00 iii! SC41e I : 25
II
, ad and Tobo go anogement Bronc

'- S LECTION ARROW

I
I
I
MARKINGS

..'I"
 ~~~.
!!.
t::1 C/l C/l ~r.
0 f-'. f-'- Pol CO '"'
ti t--' III
'.
>= ;:J ;:l
cJ CJQ CJQ l""' 1-'- ;:i
I-' t--' t--' 1-'- ;:J Ul
(1) (1) (I) ;:l (I) <:
IIIIII
r::r r::r Ul Ul rt ti
0
'"'
0
ti
0 t--'
"'-
0
::;
(f)
(I)
l""' l""' 1-'-
III (tJ p..
;:i ::;

NOLLISrHOtld 8NI>ltI .:10 8NI>ltlVIf\J

 1
II
en
~',...,. o
o
3
3

Transverse

I
I
Delineation

Jv1arkings
»

I Single solid .p.

L

I
G> o
I Singl.e
~

broken' < Oi
n1 o
I :E
3·
3

pouble
-I
::0
»
Z

'. - (j)

n1 I·~
-r: Q
::s
n
:::r
!J!" . \

". \
,.
I !.
1

1
;

~
d I ,~ct!Ofll' : directIon :'1 dlreetlon
-I t of trovel
¥-~, ~ • .~

\00
; 01
. • ... J4...
trave I
100
1 of travel
-1;!,< .•.
.200
»
'I Q9 )OQ

I '1'

~4:!5(')(l11inimum) I 1\450~lnlmum}
.

A~
I tAtlOO

I
I
4000
,,
i
- '2'000":'­
(3000) \
,
___li
200
-r
4000
J-.

1000"

I
.~y
, t. ,(ISO)
". ,
",,,­
•.'Ii ._.. ...-1 '::-.-200
I ~00··I~\11~l
1000

I eooo I: 8000 I. eooo

I
maltlmum '" _ ..- ~:mOltlmtlm
I!'
0(. • .- ••

1 -1 rna III !'!lInn <

A .q~9 a <f9b
A4'8

I
~

'I
I C hallrOIl
Note
marking A 4-90 used on urban and rural two lono
I
roods with speeds < 60 km/h. A 4·9b r&eommeJ1de~ on duol
I COrrifJ06wOY where traffic mergu or divGrgea a~ Q slip rood

I I

·1
I j. • . ,

tii"nTitry--of Public lJtlIltits [Link](jT Transportatlo1l

Traffic Manaoement Branoh
1'
·1
i
I [Link] AND CjHEVRON
I
MARKINGS

L. .............- ....... ... ...-.---.---.---.-,--.-.-----...- ---------1,

L
"I

.'

Of
r: ~.. j
.! . 'f
 "

+
, .F::_._. _,_·,::_-T~~Qq.~,­ I
\
I I

. ,
_ ,
I
I

o
Q

[Link] in millimetras

. ~ .,. A4·llb

DEFL eTION ARROW

,

-" ...... __---­

...

I
..iI

I
"'d
c:Q) I c:
Q)

Q) 0
c: -1"1
l""i
~
0
i ~
0
(j) -0'-{ 0 ).I ).I

).I .j..J (j) (j) ...0 ...0

Q) !1l b

c: -.-\c:
:> Q) Q) Q) Q)'
(j) r-I r-I l""i
c: -1"1 ~ 00 00 ...0
ro l""i
(1)
).I c: c:
-1"1
::l
0

).I !1l '1"1

,£:-10::<::
(/) (/) 0
1.
 ':

I,

,.

-rrt«>' ,
I
,I
I!
_;560

o
o(II)
I
I,

6
' 0 l1
IO
" ,.:..
" ­

• I

'f~

I ~,

Soale :-1 : 40

AII diman $ ion t <1nl In mllIlmetnlll

DEFLECTION ARROW
...

! ;
I '

:,;~ .' :~" ,1 ; .;..'';':~ ", r'

· . ~".- 'It' ..,.

o
If)

7-50

o
o
.0

on
o

Nut" ;

(il A rrow direction maybe reversed

i
(2) Approach speed> 60 km/h ~ length of arroiw : 7'50m
C'!.) Approach sp[Link]; 60km/h:9.'> length of orrpw:: frOO m

SELECTION AffiOW MARKINqS OF TWO CLOS ELY SPACED

INTERSECTlONS WHERE PRESELECTION; BEFORE THE FIRST INTERSECTION ISNECESSARY.
i
!
!

s:: s::
'"Cl ill ill

s:::: '.-l ~.
~

ill 0 H 0 '0

U) .~ 0 ;... ;...

;... .;J (f.l U)

..0 ..0
ill til b
:> (j) s:: (j) (j) (j)
U) c: 'M H .-l H
s:: 'M ~ bO bl) ..0
C\JH ;...
.\-l (Il cd
s:: s::
•.-l
::l
'.-l 0

.E-!OZ: U) U) 0

~-
------
 ":L..,
'. I
".' ,i
-i 1

'I j
··i 1

-tt50Q t-. ~'!Q~L.m .. _~_._._.§JQ.Q____+-­

-'.frO
'--- ,oha
}~

200
-t !1ii;r;l;;;;al;>,,,,,!m'"'*,'-?-Y'-$"'\iijii!jjij!l?~

r-~QQ+ ........._ .•_,,____••• _ .. .. __._......._._,,____.....l__..~ 20,99 ..:._._.____ .._"..___".._ _ _.

.IIQO

."

. ~1525t

200
,~.
I
h""giiy"f®'.$e1,h

j ?3 QQ _+_
~

!§.QQO___
@:g';

' ~

200
=f-~
r° 5
200

f
* [Link]
-+1925
K150

i UV

Note

V = approach speed k m/h. A4·12

V -> 80 9- arrow length.:: '52. m.

80> v> 50 -;'> arrow length'" 16m.

50:;? V ~ arrow length = 8m.

Ministry of Public Utilities and Notional Transportation

Traffic Management Branch

B IF URCATIO,N ARROWS
i
!

,lr
f~ I}H,tr
:~~V:'\1iI
,
,.

i
i..
t
,,"-I.
f
-I !I~ '{.:;
....

.. 1"
r
. ,
edge lines
/brOken centre line

••
- I
I ' ... r .. -
-<.111"----- I '1'/
-,...
!
i

i
is la
Marking of Two lane - Two wqy carriageway with passing permitted.

continuous edg~ lines

.I $
fontlnuous centre line

i
~
f

V
",""

..oIl9
t

,~lb I I

Marking of Two lane - Two war

!
carr loge WilY wl,h passing prohibit ed.

i
i "
Posslng pro~lblted I Passing I
prohibited Passing Prohibited from:
from side adjacent to· from both sides ~ side adjacent to solid
I
solid centre line centre line

.,

~----
.. ,
, Blc
Marking of Two lane - Two w~y carriageway with passing prohibited zones",·
i

~
kay' Direction of traffic flow. II!iJ>o..
Edge of carriageway .line: may vary depending on pa~klng regulation.

TYPICAL TWO LANE TWO WAY CARRIAGEWAY ROAD MARKING

. ,
;

I:: ,S:
"0 $ :$
c .,..j
.-;
.!<l .!<l
OJ 0 0 0

rJ) .,:./ 0 1-0 H

,.... .u rJ) rJ) .0 . .0

OJ (1) b

;> OJ a $ $ OJ

(I) a .,..j .-; .-; .-;

s: .,..j

.!<l 00 00 ..0
C\l r-l 1-0 r::
.,..j
r::
.,..j
:::l

l-I QJ C\l
:~' .H a :a: Cfl Cfl a

.., •••....;;1:'""
 ,
Appendix ~
I
Typical Uses of Roa9 Markings
i

These examples are not exhaustive,! but should be used as a guide for
!
typical conditions. Road Markings wil).~. usually be used in conjunction
with roadside signs (refer to Traffic Control
, Devices Part A - Roadside
J
Traffic Signs) but are sbown by themselves here for clarity.
!

(
;:, ·/1
3
=ji
j
§f
tlI
::;
UI
.' ,I \;... ;.h,',; •

·:.",t
I
 allow continuous edga lines

1_

-----Ie>
--
i

..
i

..
i
..
Ii
. _ AI RtJi!iha 11\ iF ... ii1tilf1i'/IiiD

.. .. ~
<J
- == .,.
C> - .....
wwawa:: ., IMMuNit....... aw:::a: Biiii 'I
IS. ii' - "Cd"
_4" Aa • iZfSiIQID ~ , Wt . U Ii

<J'----­

Three lone fwo way carriageway with reversible centra lone. white double broke
warning lines
8 20:!

double centre Une

boe broken, one continuous

,1ICiIIZflr.".

~
---I()
Ctt.'!!",~.

~ u:z;:u:;aQI\tWAtti2It, GiIi£L£lIiiiiOii4t!AiSiJ&i .,.,- ~

--­ .. ....

1l1li
Ziliili IQIMI

~ti\'liJf

<J-'--­ - .., """"""'" .. lI&lII/ltUiiWidIItI>

Three lone two way carriageway where motorlst~ in the, slngll"

broken !,Iane line

lona moy pass.

82b i T'

Ldouble centre line (continuous}

------_..­
tJMlUibw::v:a<WlliA1JUiiG1'JOi11W1WlCi

~1Ul&!

"'''''''''''''''"­
"AW&Ii :z --
-
....

....

..­

~'t\lt4ti/.i:iAli1#,'S
_ _.. ~. ,_m<., ,.............
-
ow.. ... _~
~ .............. ...­

Mr'
-- ~
-
at ...

- - II

Three lana two way carriageway where motorlat .in the s[ngle
broken lone line
lone. may not pass

82 c

Note
Edge of carriageway markings may vary.

Key: Direcbion of traffic flow ----'C>

I ..-'-..,-,,-,,--""' . -~---,,--,,---,- Ministry of Public Utilltl~8 and National Transportation
, Traffic M anooement Branch
, ,
TYPICAL THREE LANE - TWO WAY CARRIAGEWAY ROAD MARKINGS
I
I
L ,_ ,.-"---_."".-,, "-'------­

r-I"'"

f!,"'
r ;~

I i "
LJ.__ 1
',.

','

~,.. '.
, I,
I
.I

_... --{).

---;[>

<Jr-­

I ble continuous
B 30 centre line
i
i
Mark ing for a four lane -two way co r riageway

ngle continuous
. -_._.. __ .. _­ ..... centre line

____...__.. '< r

<fr----~

line

A Iternative rna rking for d ur lone two way co rr lageway

•I

Note

r.....
i
Direction of traffic flow ~

: I 1 , I

MULTILANE-TWO WAY; CARRIAGEWAY ROAD MARKINGS

l...
j:; j:;

.1 ,,.,
~ (j)
.!.G ~
QJ

.-; 0 0
0 H H
\il ..a .D
QJ <l.l
......; .-;
00 .D
c: :J
'r-! 0
CIl ;:::,
; , 't'·
 "-,

~,I,

,. "

11
Q I.
gil
:;~.
cr: II
':t' ,

'1 cr: I
o !
\, z
" ~

"dO~S
, .' 'd

fTl
) ~' ~:

MAJOR' ROAD

~
~;..

6-1

,.p
\ .' STOP

'\

~ . 1
i
B,J4a

lI",

Ministry 0

MARKINGS FOR UNSI!GN ALiSED INTERSECTION

" "'Ii.
.:~\.
1;1
0.­

.!

§. ",. 'I':
.;: :
,
~ 1! "\ '
.1 :l~;'.
3' "
...~ ··f
1 I
I'",;, •
'" .'
 .,.. ~..',--i...'--~....' ".- -~.

,.

·.

)lC,;
"' ~'-"-fII!"";
"
5,' IISTOP

I._warning line

I
i i1
I· B 14 b

\
\
'A,
--~~:;-===F==:=========:===~==
';
----()

<J--­

"

Bi14C

Note

.--()Direction of flow

,JUNCTION

Q d
"Cl 1lI 1lI
..:.::

c~
'M ~
1lI 0 rl
(J)
!-I
'M
J,.J fJJ
Q
Ul
S
...0
S
...0
1lI <il

:> <l) Q <l)

(J) Q 'M r-i

Q 'M ..:.:: 00
ttl r-l !-< Q ::l
1-4 <ll Cd 'M q
E-lO;:;:; CI)
9 i

:';.:..jf. .:r.:, •. /·~~:.l.:'··G···,~

illy
"t~ :

.. "
I

t~
-- ~
~
- ---P>:
__'.~L~VJ'~-~--
-~
.. - - - ...-
.....---...
~

I
----,
---

I
BI4d'
I ')
....J

I .i

~.
"'" _.-. - ' - ~
'\
~--
~.
-
-=---.,. ;
- -....
.
-­
J2Ou:u:z, ==
'.

~'7.L.2 >-L'../LlZL.7-L?7~ ~ _ _. ~~ / / / / /
==- --­ _
-=;=======~!IIIliIIIrDZlII"""
~!!.. 1 ":"'-1(,1:
• I

i • ~
stop

..
BI4e

----fl>.. Rood marking

Ministry of Public Utilities I and National Transportation

Traffic Manogi:lment Branch
1 •

MARKING FOR
',,:;
UNSIGNALISED
1 ~
JUNCTION
'II ...

c.- ,. '>'~""'~'. :'-117"'\ .(

-. CO
::I

~,
N
+> .
..
:! . 1t.~
3'
~
-. :
fA ~f :'" ~~ •
.'
 "', , I"

NOll:J3SH31NI 03Sll'<:1N.;; l't1:JlfL\l HOd 9NI>ltj't1/N' 0't10H

918

of t­
GIOO
eUI
ill
OUIUJOM
,-------­
woa
 ..

\"

!
-L !
I
~.o.5mfi

~
-==~-I \,
\ -1F

__ r';

'­
816

Note

0-----> Pole and signal head

----e> Road marking

,
. '-~

MI'iiTSfrY~Public-U1ilitie8 ;flnd National Transportation

. Traffic Management Branch

LAYOUT FOR SIGNALISED" T - JU~CTION

!
WITH OFFSET CENTRE: LINE

LIt :'. "'~':"l >1"" ,"'''''''''"''''.'<''-,:<;1,''

CD
'" N .
2. ~
.:
.. , -' ! ..
"; i , .,-' ... , I ; J.
'~.~;
3' .A

'"en
:;
;' .
.'

,,-........ .. _.. . 1
 I
i
II
!
.{:~
I crossing marks
--!- ---'
I " and reflective studs.
"- --r-­
i!
~ ~.
-- ~
-'­
~

.., 2m
~-
7- - ~

I!
ilY
I'

I'

Ii
i1t
. Note

Mi n\mum width of pedestrian crossing. 2·5 m.

(.:---'" Pole mounted traffic signal.
o----c Pole mount~pedeslrion signal head
J I,
-----.4 Road marking.
,
.~'~

B 117

MJ.I1.i!itry. .....~LJ:!:[Link] Utilities and NationaL Transportation

Traffic Mahogement Branch
LAYOUT OF SIGNAL CONTROLLED JLNCTION
I
WITH POl.E
.
MOUNTED SIGNALS
EXCLUSIVE I?EDESTRIAN
I
PH;'SE
.
----------~:. ~~~. --------------------~

!::! !::!
<J.)' (\)
-0
o.-{ ~ ~

~
Ql 0 H 0 o
.)..l
rJ) o.-{ 0 \.l
rJ) ,.Cl ,.Cl
.,.. +J rJ)
Q)
:> o(<IlIi d <ll <ll
H
Ql
rJ)P 'n H H ,.Cl
P 'M ~ ao 00
::l
cO H ,... c: C
on o
\.l
,E--<O ~
Gl <Il 'n
tf) tf) o

i. .
 -"""-"--~---------" ---'"\

".

50 \(m/h Rood
-4" 2'...
~
~ ~
---
;,­
~
- -
~
'.

,
-"­

11 tit: I

, 1 I : I I

1ddl
I 1 I

I I

1: r:rW:·:.
I I.t:
I I

I I

"
.:: r"i:' \-1
I I
Note·
.11-
818

Mostarm and column

BOkm "II .'..: I I

0---+­
POle mounted traffic signal
Rood
I I . . ::,: I I o "lOt
Pole mounted traffic slQnaJ
with green arrow.

l. 4 Rood marking

iii i +t Most arm mounted traffic signal

(0"~ '~-I', "

~/:t :-~): ..: Raised median

Ministry of Public Utilities! and NOtiorial irol'lspOrfQUon

Traffic Management Brpnoh
I ,
LAYOUT OF SIGNAL CONTR9LLED JWNCTION WITH MASTARM AND COLUMN
I "
MOUNTED SlGNALS ANQ EXCLUSIV~" TURNING LANES
tA l'~,""~""'~~-"""~"~"H"~" ,.

:) ,,: to
~~- ';.j
: ! ~::
.j
3' ' " . . . ,.4

.
~
In
.' .1 ~'" ~~
 TYPE TYPE 2 TYPE '3

1
c

~
1 C I I _~:
c

~;=m.~.mil!!
~

~-lb'
-~
--------_
- - b
AGPIIW-lo - a

.._---_._-._- , . Ua)[Link] i3TQnO(j "

---~-1------r-------~- ----- -----____ ._ ____________{________"'---._____

~ ~
,~;
. U9)[Link] aT:8uTS
0=0.40- [Link]
Q ~ b ~ 20
[Link] a+b:;;; 1.40 Abbreviations
v "SOk-mih C;J> 2.50m ~ IO·OOm PTToS ClT2u,!=S
V = speed (85%) of vehicular traffic
v> 60kmih c ." 4.00m <s; 10·0 Om
C ; width of longitudinal markinl!
a = thickness of longitudinal mar king
-(

! SgUn'' ' j
uO'): :!1~a-u'naa
b = space between longitudinal markings [Link]?.l,L
819

n._

ZEBRA CROSSING

POSSIBLE LAYOUTS

-~:

R'
ll.
, ,!'

"ill
4f.;;

(I ( ! )

I
liliiii 11m [Link] liliiii
I
- i 1lllIII .\!lID'
\
-t~
I. ' / lobe (if necessary)

J 111111111
c2=\ \ 1 -Not;o7eth~n
" IO( o@IIGIVEWAiL;lNE r;::.::.:. A.250mm

~~:. U9~[Link]
-J
I

Speed

35
Limit

.,;.
No of 2000mm

Marks

4
I\ IfI -/\ II!~ \I~wmm
IL
50 7

. I: \ ~

I
;)~ 65 12 IOOmrn. [EQCh mark 0

~ \1 2000mm. .c III

80 IS
3: ->11'-- .:' c\
!~
,0
1\" \. I ~
~

I.. ~
c..0
t \11
-

-
'E
<!j
1...J 0
U '\' \) I
i
\\ 159mm. l>

\\i , I !
u. _~l""" ::tJ

..
~I\
"Uoooo'm",' "'."''''' "''Old "'" ZOO. .
usually be used where speed limits
exceed 65 km/h , "
Jl ..
i -
-"""----...
"',---,
r·l~!.'. I

i ->j
\ -<
LI50mm
r - -- - ­
1<­
600mm.
'--- .... '
T-ermina(' LinJ
Notes
(I) Each zig zag line need nat contain the same number of marks,
(2) Number of marks on zig zag line moy vary 2. 10\8
"
i
I
(3) All markings ore 10 be pointed' in white. ,! B20
I
(4) All dimensions are in millimetres
(5) Direction of traffic flow.-:--C>
----- ":liiiTnTsl'ry -.oTf5il6lie Utilities:

Traffic

ROAD MARKING FOR TYPICAL ZEBRA QROSSING ON TWO LANE TWO WAY
~OAD,

en" .

_. CD "

::> N

1t
';~

.p.. "':'1 ,"{

I ,!~,

.,.3"
~

iii .~ t~

.'
 Direction of
flow

1 -+- ~
Q 5000 edge line

[ e,.."--"roffic Signal

D o d >0 0 0 0 0

1m. iii illl II III llilI [;II

white unidirectional rood

I
100mm wide line with
~l\.lds _ _ _ __
I 300mm gaps to denote
crossing area

°1
10

>-
<:(
fTI
150-n·- 2000 0
50,000 3:
I
w -f- G)

I -i-­
(!) fTI
<:(
I 0::
0::
5000
0
<:(
.."
2000
U
-l- (")

I
:D-
Lt.. ::0
O 5000 ::0

'-t- :D­
w
(!)
Cl
w 1-)- 2000 G1
",
:E

. ~f-
:D­
'I -<

100mm white

Ii
I-
edge line- 5000

i
Dlre~tion of
1-16 flow
...L 8000
15

Noles
(I) All dimensions ore in millimelres

821

ROAD MARKING FOR CROSSING ON TWO

0·
o. .,..,
'\:l (l.I
,."
(l.I 0
rJ)
H
'M
.j...J rJ)
r-i
0
rJ)
...0
,.0
(l) <1l

!> (!) Q (l) ill

rJ) o -.-I r-i -I

...«l ,-{ ...nl

~ '.-1 ~ b1) Of}

QJ
>::
-.-I
s::
'.-1
. E-I 0 ::;:: Ul Ul f
 Direction of
flow

-t·- ~
,
i
J .. 5000
-IOOmm yellow
edge line

e,...---"fraffic Signal
o D q '0 0 0 0 0
IilII I!I ,m II B. Ill!! III
wlWe unidirectional road I
i IOOmm wide line with
.tuds_ _ _ _ ~_
j 300mm gaps to denote
111 II 111 D • ....-jjill
DOOOOOO crossing area

STOP LINE

lOOmm I
edge -l·­

20,000

50,000
I
>­
<!
3:
w
150-11+­ -L-f­
2000
fTI
0
(j)

I -i-­
<!l fTI
I <!
5000

I 0::

0::
0
""11
I <!
2000
-f--­
(..)
(")

I
tL..
l>
0 ::0
5000
I w -t­
::0
-l>
I <!l
0
2000 (j)
fTl
I
!l

100mm white
w
,
l50f
' _·-t-­
=E
l>
-<

edge line- 5000

11,,
1'16
...L
Dlrec:tion of
flow
-.1­
6000
15

Notes
(t) All dimensions ore in millimetres

B21

Minis!!1.__.£[Link],blic Utilltissand National Transportatio'2

Tr9fflc Management Branch
r ...•. --- . .

ROAD MARKING FOR TYPICAL!I MID BLOCK PELiCAN CROSSING ON TWO

LANE TWO
1
WAY ROAD

• -.- .~, ·':-~t ... , ~-_''''1~~~;'_':·'i

,
.. ';r;'~:""" ."<,:~;<,,,.t:'~.-'.-'';''.<1''" ~.-.. -j;1~,,;r.··r,·:;. ~:"

·~

, .
 I ~ I ,I \
\ I \!~ I
[ ___L~ __ ~ /'0" (If 0"",,,,1

_l 111111111

\ ~Voo:'\ lU9 rl5~mm

laO'0'1& GIVE WAY. LINE -- Not m07e than h50mm
:-20'0'.:
~i

' I
\ r \I it
I /~50mm
- i \ ' 150mm.
Speed Limit No of 2O'O'O'mm

MQrl,s

".,;..'

35 4

;;)~
50

65
7

12 >-1.'
<! II
3: ->\\"-
IO'O'mm. \ "iL-EaCh mark
2000mm.
IN
o

\-.
J:l
11>.
0
'"
\-.
0,.
80' ,....
I
1\" \ I~ 1
i
,co
I=§ ~
0
"
2
'0

~I li'.!5~m~ \ ;

- 0
..J <.>

§\ \'\1 J~

* 1J0='''''''' ''''''0''
usually be used where speed limits
""Id "', 2 I00
1 I \:150
t"-,",,,~~-----li!ill"'---'-: : -~--....-..;"'.I"W;"- - mm
­
exceed 65 km/h. "",,-
,............ ",../
~.
i
SOOmm.

Terminal Line
Notes
(I) Each zig zag line need not contain the same number of marks;
(2) Number of mark~ on zig zag line may vary 2. 10\8 !
(3) All markings are to be painted ·in white.
B20
(4) All dimensions are. in millimetres
(5) DirElcfion of t(affic flow.--:--C>
1-------.----- MIniS fry-ofl5Ul)1ic 0 tilities: and National T ronsportatloo.
Traffic Management Branch
,
ROAD MARKING FOR TYPICAL ZEBRA qROSS1NG ON TWO LANE TWO WAY
ROAD .

..... '.

.'.J

\ I
~'"
.' • i
... , 1
 ,.~------------------------------+-----------------------------~

t "

---­

.... c-I' ........

TURN'

"I I
;

I GHT Ii
y II
i

,
•
~"."""" __.NO I!
I'
r Il 1 f
I"

Note
)( = leiter height (m)
Y = line spoclng (ml
V approoQh speed k irt/h
V ;;J'. 80 =? X : 4·0 m
80> V> 50 =9 ,x" 2-6m B22
50 ~ V =;}> X =I- 6 m

Ratio Y: X - minimum 4:.1

ma)(imum 9;1
Direction of flow --{)
~----""-"------=--:-:----:--=--;-;-:-~=C;-----:-7.""""-:-:---;--;----;---;-;----------t
Ministry of Public "tJtilities and National Transportation
Traffic Management Branch
" ! .
USE OF WORD MARKINGS! FOR REGULATORY MESSAGE
: '

,i

...m '." :

::J
OJ
~
2. -Po "',."
3-
"!
i "
.~ ,'. . "
m
::;
... .'
 B 2.3
measures in millimetres
Mioistr ,tilities and Notional Transportation
, Ma nagement Branch

i ~
J FI GURE

: \11-·____'_______--:.__
MARKING FOR

O_R_L_E_S_S_ _ __
SPEED OF 50 kmlh

\,)
, .'

c C
"d (J) (J)
C- .,; ~ .!<:
(J) 0 r-i 0 0
til 'r; 0 k k
:,.,
(J)
jJ (f) til ,D .n
<1l
:> (J) ~ (J) (J) (\)
til C 'M r-i r-i r-i
s::: .,.j ~
~. Dll .n::l
<\Ir-i k C
k QJ <1l 'r-! or-! 0
. E-< 0 ;:;:: Ul Ul 0
-- -----
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APPENDIX Al
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0) The usc of thct>e lines sllould be in accordance with Section 3.

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(2) The lines should be 100 to 200 millimetres in \ddth unless
otherwise stated.

(3) They should have a minimum length of 20,metres, if continuous.

(4) Gaps between lines should be between 100 and 180 millimetres.

(5) Lines should be white in colour. unless,otherwise stated, and

be in reflective material in accordance with Section 8.

(6) All dimensions are in millimetrcs.

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