Subject of the PPT: “ Life and Times of Emperor AKBAR”
Flow of the PPT and topics to include.
Akbar’s Birth
What ever Babur had conquered and possessed in India was lost by his son Humayun to
Sher Shah Suri by the end of 1540, just 10 years after the death of Babur.
Humayun was wandering here and there as a fugitive with a small number of his followers.
His wife Hamida Banu Begum, a Persian Shia lady, was by that time in the advanced stage
of her pregnancy and was unable to move with her fugitive husband.
Fortunately she got a shelter in the house of the king Rana Virsal of Amarkot . Rana Virsal
also assisted Humayun with men and material to enable him to lead an expedition against
Thatta and Bakhar.
Humayun was on the way of the expedition and while camping , got the news of the birth
of his son from a trusted follower named Tardi Beg Khan. The child was born on 15th
October 1542.
Akbar became one of the great monarchs of the world. But Akbar’s childhood was utterly
neglected.
He was detached from his parents for some years. He did not get literary education. He
spent his childhood in adversity. His father was again unsuccessful against Thatta and
Bhaskar.
Humayun then decided to go to Persia to seek help from the Shah of Persia. On the way
near Mustan (Mustang) in Afghanistan, he was attacked by his own brother Askari who by
then was ruling over Afghanistan and Kandahar. His another brother was Kamaran who
was the ruler of Kabul. Both the two younger brothers were against their elder brother.
Humayun, not being in a position to challenge his brother Askari fled away with his wife
on his horse back leaving behind his son Akbar. Askari picked up the child from hands of a
nurse and took him to Kandhar where he was looked after properly by his wife.
Humayun went away to Persia and sought the help of Shah of Persia against his brothers.
In 1545 when Humayun marched against Kandhar, Akbar was sent to Kabul.
Humayun got back his son while capturing Kandhar and Kabul. Akbar’s early education
was utterly neglected. He was imparted a little education after the resettlement of his
father Humayun.
Humayun had given Bairam Khan the entire responsibility of his son and had asked him to
act as his guardian. Bairam Khan in-fact rendered this responsibility very honestly with a
great sense of respect and devotion to his master Humayun.
Akbar did not take interest in literary education. Rather he was fond of martial arts and
military education. Under the guidance of his teacher Bairam Khan, Akbar achieved skill in
the display of sword and horse riding.
Akbar was appointed as the Governor of Ghazni in 1551 after the death of his uncle Hindal.
On 20 November 1551, Humayun's youngest brother, Hindal Mirza, died fighting in a battle
against Kamran Mirza's forces. Out of affection for the memory of his brother, Humayun
betrothed Hindal's nine-year-old daughter, Ruqaiya Sultan Begum, to his son Akbar. Their
betrothal took place in Kabul, shortly after Akbar's first appointment as a viceroy in the
province of Ghazni
Humayun left Kabul in November 1554 with a mission to reconquer his Indian possessions.
He met Sikandar Ser’s army at Sirhind and defeated them easily. In this war of the
conquest Humayun was strongly supported by his son Prince Akbar who deserved the
credit of this victory.
After this Humayun restored his Imperial throne of Delhi. On 23rd July, 1555 he entered
the capital and ascended the imperial throne. Akbar was assigned the governorship of
Punjab and was also declared as the heir-apparent.
Aftermath of Humayun’s Death
Humayun did not live long to enjoy the throne of Delhi. On 24th Jan. 1556 he met an
accident while coming down the steps from his two-storeyed Library and died.
Akbar was at Punjab with his guardian Bairam Khan and was busy in chasing the Sur
emperor Sikandar Shah who was creating fresh problems to Mughals.
When the news of the emperor’s death reached, Bairam Khan, declared Akbar as the new
emperor and performed his accession ceremony in the garden of Kalanaur in Punjab on
14th February, 1556.
This accession ceremony simply registered Akbar’s claim on the throne of Delhi. At Delhi,
the news of the emperor’s death was not disclosed to public for seventeen days as the
prince Akbar had not reached the capital.
A man named Mulla Bekasi who resembled Humayun was asked to appear from the
Jharokha till Akbar was formally declared Emperor of Delhi.
Early Problems of Akbar
Humayun died leaving the throne of Delhi insecure and unstable. The Afghan
ascendency was at its high point and Delhi passed to their hands when Hemu, the
able prime minister of Adil Shah of Bengal attacked and captured Delhi sometimes in
October 1556.
By this time Akbar was at Jalandhar and was watching the fall of the Mughal control
over its empire.Mughal states like Bayana, Etawah, Sambhal, Kalpi and Agra were
not under strict control. Even situation at Kabul, Kandahar and Badakhshan was not
in favour of the Mughals.
Aghans like Sikandar Shah, Ibrahim Shah and Adil Shah were still aspiring to
establish their supremacy. Adil Shah was already successful in establishing his
supremacy over the throne of Delhi through his able Commander Hemu.
The Rajput States like Mewar, Ambar and Jaisalmer were still powerful and posing
threat to the rise of Mughals.
In addition to his political adversity, the economic condition of the country was quite
deplorable due to widespread famine and drought in and outside Delhi and Agra.
It was in-fact a distressful situation for young Akbar. His only saviour and solace at
this critical situation was Bairam Khan. In-fact he was the man who made Akbar the
emperor of India.
Second Battle of Panipat
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Akbar : Bairam Khan’s rise and fall
Bairam Khan was a Shia Muslim and was disliked by some of the Sunni
Turkic nobles.
As regent, he consolidated Mughal authority in northern India and most
notably led the Mughal forces at the Second Battle of Panipat, which was
fought between Akbar and Hemu in November 1556.
Bairam Khan's wife, who was also the cousin of Akbar, married Akbar
after Bairam Khan's death. Bairam's son, Abdul Rahim Khan-I-Khana,
became an important part of Akbar's administration and was one of the
nav-ratans (nine gems) of Akbar's court.
Maham Anaga & Petticoat Government
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%20%E2%80%9Cpetticoat%20government%E2%80%9D%20under%20Maham,made%20her
%20invaluable%20to%20him.&text=The%20news%20of%20his%20death,mother%2C
%20thus%20broken%20her%20heart.
Principles of Din-i-llahi
Principles of Din-i-llahi
Principles of Din-i-llahi
Principles of Din-i-llahi
Principles of Din-i-llahi
Principles of Din-i-llahi
Principles of Din-i-llahi
Principles of Din-i-llahi
Principles of Din-i-llahi
Principles of Din-i-llahi
Principles of Din-i-llahi
Principles of Din-i-llahi
Principles of Din-i-llahi
Principles of Din-i-llahi
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conquests/3054
