11/2/2019 Types Of Database Management Systems
Types of Database Management Systems
There are several types of database management systems. Here is a list of seven common
database management systems:
1. Hierarchical databases
2. Network databases
3. Relational databases
4. Object-oriented databases
5. Graph databases
6. ER model databases
7. Document databases
8. NoSQL databases
Hierarchical Databases
In a hierarchical database management systems (hierarchical DBMSs) model, data is stored in a
parent-children relationship nodes. In a hierarchical database, besides actual data, records also
contain information about their groups of parent/child relationships.
In a hierarchical database model, data is organized into a tree like structure. The data is stored in
form of collection of fields where each field contains only one value. The records are linked to each
other via links into a parent-children relationship. In a hierarchical database model, each child
record has only one parent. A parent can have multiple children.
To retrieve a field’s data, we need to traversed through each tree until the record is found.
The hierarchical database system structure was developed by IBM in early 1960s. While
hierarchical structure is simple, it is inflexible due to the parent-child one-to-many relationship.
Hierarchical databases are widely used to build high performance and availability applications
usually in banking and telecommunications industries.
The IBM Information Management System (IMS) and Windows Registry are two popular examples
of hierarchical databases.
Advantage
Hierarchical database can be accessed and updated rapidly because in this model structure is like
as a tree and the relationships between records are defined in advance. This feature is a two-
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edged.
Disadvantage
This type of database structure is that each child in the tree may have only one parent, and
relationships or linkages between children are not permitted, even if they make sense from a
logical standpoint. Hierarchical databases are so in their design. it can adding a new field or record
requires that the entire database be redefined.
Learn more What is a hierarchical database
Network Databases
Network database management systems (Network DBMSs) use a network structure to create
relationship between entities. Network databases are mainly used on a large digital computers.
Network databases are hierarchical databases but unlike hierarchical databases where one node
can have one parent only, a network node can have relationship with multiple entities. A network
database looks more like a cobweb or interconnected network of records.
In network databases, children are called members and parents are called occupier. The difference
between each child or member can have more than one parent.
The approval of the network data model is similar to a hierarchical data model. Data in a network
database is organized in many-to-many relationships.
The network database structure was invented by Charles Bachman. Some of the popular network
databases are Integrated Data Store (IDS), IDMS (Integrated Database Management System),
Raima Database Manager, TurboIMAGE, and Univac DMS-1100.
Learn more, What is a Network Database.
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Relational Databases
In relational database management systems (RDBMS), the relationship between data is relational
and data is stored in tabular form of columns and rows. Each column if a table represents an
attribute and each row in a table represents a record. Each field in a table represents a data value.
Structured Query Language (SQL) is a the language used to query a RDBMS including inserting,
updating, deleting, and searching records.
Relational databases work on each table has a key field that uniquely indicates each row, and that
these key fields can be used to connect one table of data to another.
Relational databases are the most popular and widely used databases. Some of the popular
DDBMS are Oracle, SQL Server, MySQL, SQLite, and IBM DB2.
The relational database has two major reasons
1. Relational databases can be used with little or no training.
2. Database entries can be modified without specify the entire body.
Properties of Relational Tables
In the relational database we have to follow some properties which are given below.
It's Values are Atomic
In Each Row is alone.
Column Values are of the Same thing.
Columns is undistinguished.
Sequence of Rows is Insignificant.
Each Column has a common Name.
Learn more here, What is a Relational Database.
RDBMs are the most popular databases in the world. Learn here Most Popular Database In the
World.
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Object-Oriented Model
In this Model we have to discuss the functionality of the object oriented Programming. It takes more
than storage of programming language objects. Object DBMS's increase the semantics of the C++
and Java.I t provides full-featured database programming capability, while containing native
language compatibility. It adds the database functionality to object programming languages. This
approach is the analogical of the application and database development into a constant data model
and language environment. Applications require less code, use more natural data modeling, and
code bases are easier to maintain. Object developers can write complete database applications
with a decent amount of additional effort.
The object-oriented database derivation is the integrity of object-oriented programming language
systems and consistent systems. The power of the object-oriented databases comes from the
cyclical treatment of both consistent data, as found in databases, and transient data, as found in
executing programs.
Object-oriented databases use small, recyclable separated of software called objects. The objects
themselves are stored in the object-oriented database. Each object contains of two elements:
1. Piece of data (e.g., sound, video, text, or graphics).
2. Instructions, or software programs called methods, for what to do with the data.
Object-oriented database management systems (OODBMs) were created in early 1980s. Some
OODBMs were designed to work with OOP languages such as Delphi, Ruby, C++, Java, and
Python. Some popular OODBMs are TORNADO, Gemstone, ObjectStore, GBase, VBase,
InterSystems Cache, Versant Object Database, ODABA, ZODB, Poet. JADE, and Informix.
Disadvantage of Object-oriented databases
1. Object-oriented databases have these disadvantages.
2. Object-oriented database are more expensive to develop.
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3. In the Most organizations are unwilling to abandon and convert from those databases.
Benefits of Object-oriented databases
The benefits to object-oriented databases are compelling. The ability to mix and match reusable
objects provides incredible multimedia capability.
Graph Databases
Graph Databases are NoSQL databases and use a graph structure for sematic queries. The data
is stored in form of nodes, edges, and properties. In a graph database, a Node represent an entity
or instance such as customer, person, or a car. A node is equivalent to a record in a relational
database system. An Edge in a graph database represents a relationship that connects nodes.
Properties are additional information added to the nodes.
The Neo4j, Azure Cosmos DB, SAP HANA, Sparksee, Oracle Spatial and Graph, OrientDB,
ArrangoDB, and MarkLogic are some of the popular graph databases. Graph database structure is
also supported by some RDBMs including Oracle and SQL Server 2017 and later versions.
Lean more, What is a Graph Database.
ER Model Databases
An ER model is typically implemented as a database. In a simple relational database
implementation, each row of a table represents one instance of an entity type, and each field in a
table represents an attribute type. In a relational database a relationship between entities is
implemented by storing the primary key of one entity as a pointer or "foreign key" in the table of
another entity.
Entity-relationship model was developed by Peter Chen 1976.
Document Databases
Document databases (Document DB) are also NoSQL database that store data in form of
documents. Each document represents the data, its relationship between other data elements, and
attributes of data. Document database store data in a key value form.
Document DB has become popular recently due to their document storage and NoSQL properties.
NoSQL data storage provide faster mechanism to store and search documents.
Popular NoSQL databases are Hadoop/Hbase, Cassandra, Hypertable, MapR, Hortonworks,
Cloudera, Amazon SimpleDB, Apache Flink, IBM Informix, Elastic, MongoDB, and Azure
DocumentDB.
Learn more, What is a Document Database
NoSQL Databases
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NoSQL databases are the databases that do not use SQL as their primary data access language.
Graph database, network database, object database, and document databases are common
NoSQL databases. This articles answers the question, what is a NoSQL database.
NoSQL database do not have predefined schemas, which makes NoSQL databases a prefect
candidate of rapid changing development environments. NoSQL allows developers to make
changes on the fly without affecting applications.
NoSQL databases can be categorized in the following five major categories, Column, Document,
Graph, Key-value, and Object databases.
Here is a list of 10 popular NoSQL databases.
1. Cosmos DB
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