100 Comprehending Technical Japanese RYUTAI NO TEIKO Mizu no haitta haketsu” © mawasn to, naka no mizu mo shidai ni mawari- hajimeru, Kono yd ni rylitai wa sono chikaku no bubun no und® ni hiki-zurareru seishitsu ga aru. Kono seishitsu 0 ryutai no nensei to iu. Nensei no okisa wa ryttai no shurui ni yotte chigai, guriserin no yO na mono de wa Okiku, Geru no yO na mono de wa chiisai. Ryftai no naka de, chiisai buttai ga shizuka ni und3 suru toki ni wa, nensei ni motozuku chikara ga hataraku. Sunawachi, buttai ga fukin no ryitai o tsugi-tsugi ni hiki-zuri, hikizurareta ryiitai ga buttai ni masatsu ni nita chikara © ayohosn ya narn. Nensei ni yoru teik6 wa buttai no hayasa ni hirei shite masu. Komakai amatsubu ga joku kara ochite kuru toki, amatsubu ni wa juryoku to kuki no nensei ni yoru teiko-ryoku to ga tagai ni hantai-muki ni hataraki, amatsubu wa itei no hayasa, sunawachi, jaryoku to tikd wo ga tsuriau wki no hayasa de rakka shite iru no de aru. PRESSURE IN FLUID FLOW Observation: Attach three side tubes to a glass tube with a narrow section as shown in Figure 1, and then let water flow through it from the left. What happens to the water levels in side-tubes A and B? Then examine the water levels when the direction of flow is changed. As a result of this kind of experiment we find that, whatever the direction of flow, the water level is highest in the side tubes attached to the wide part of the tube. When the appearance of the flow of the liquid docs not change with time, we speak of “steady-state flow.” For stcady state flow of the type shown in the above figure, the quantity of fluid which flows in a given time interval is the same hoth in the wide part and in the narrow part of the tube. Now, if we let the cross-sectional area be S, and the flow velocity at that cross section he », then oS =constant @ which expresses the nature of an incompressible fluid. From this relation, we see the flow is slow in the wide part of the tube but rapid in the narrow part. Therefore the results of the above experiment can be expressed as follows. In steady-state flow the pressure is small at points where the flow is rapid, and large where the flow is slow. Asa result of detailed research, it has been established that the followingLESSON 9 101 relation holds for any part of a horizontal tube 9+ ($)oo*=constant @ where v is the speed of the steady-state flow of the liquid, p is the pressure, and Wis the density. If we scatter some powder, such as aluminum powder, into a steady-state flow, the path followed by the powder shows the flow trajectory. These trajectories are called “stream lines.” The tubes which are surrounded by streamlines are called “stream tubes.” ‘The ahove relation is not restricted to flow in glass tuhes but applies to all horizontal steady-state stream tubes; it is called “Bernoulli's theorem.” Bernoulli's theorem applies also to gases, and by using it we can ascertain the speed of a moving Muid, eg the wind, by measuring the pressure which it exerts. FLUID RESISTANCE If we rotate a bucket of water, the water in it also gradually begins to revolve. ‘Thus, a fluid has the property of being dragged along by the movement of adjacent material. This property is called the viscosity of he uid. The magnitude of viscosity differs with the type of fluid, being large for fluids like glycerine and small for those like ether. depends on the viscosity. That is to say, the hody drags along successively the neighboring fluid, and the fluid thus dragged along exerts a force akin to friction on the body. The resistance due to viscosity increases in proportion to the speed of the body. When sinall raindrops fall from the sky, gravity and the resisting force due to viscosity of the air act in opposite directions on the drops, so that they fall at constant speed, that is, at that speed for which gravity and fluid resistance are in balance. EXPLANATORY NOTES (1) hosoku suru “To make - - - narrow"; compare fosoku naru “to become narrow”. (2) suihei ni suru “To make + + + horizontal”; compare suikei ni nar “to become horizontal” (3) hidari The opposite of hidari 4 (left) is migi 4 (right). (4) miyo, shirabeyo I'hese are plain imperatives: do not confuse with miyo, shirabeyo. (5) kotei The word sole (height) is an abstraction formed102 Comprehending Technical Japanese from combining the kanji for “high” % and “low” 1, The word kate! is synonymous with takasa (#8). Other examples of this kind of word formation are: Compound Formed from YR shinsen (depth) : Yo fukai (deep) Be —asai_ (shallow) Ki daisho (size) : KE okii (big) “8 chiisai (small) $241 chotan (length) : fee nagai (long) fiv> ——-mijikai (short) EVE chisoku (speed) : Ee osoi(slow) jE hayai (fast) 33 kydjaku (strength) ev —_tsuyoi (strong) Elo yowai (weak) BYR; meian (brightness): 8YB 1% akarui(bright) je wai (dark) S2% kansho(temperature): #4 samui (cold) Bn atsui (hot) Th he tsuyosa, akarusa, ondo. Sometimes the compound words are best translated as YEE deep and shallow, %% hot and cold, climate; ie, they may signify the combi- nation of the ideas embodied in the individual kanji. ©) ...de mo ..de mo “both... and...” () oshi-chijimeru koto It would be more concise to say JEIERSERE(E hie left are syn swith fukaea, Bkica, nagasa, havace, no dckinai ckitai asshuku-sei-ckitai, “incompressible liquid”. (8) nari-tatsu; Note that these words use the same kanji, one making seiritsa suru use of fun-readings and the other of on-readings; the meanings are substantially the same here. Similar comments apply to mocht-tru UiteS) and yo-suru (BFS). (©) und3-shite iku; ‘The -te iku* construction with verbs of motion usually ochite kuru implies motion away from the observer or speaker; similarly the ¢ kuru construction implics motion towards the observer or speaker. Hence kona no undo shite iku michi means “the path of the powder as it goes moving off” (ie, away from the place where we put the powder into the liquid). Amatsubu ga ochite kuru means “raindrops come falling down” (i. e, towards us). Note also that -te tkw and -te kuru may also be used with temporal, rather than spatial, distinctions: -te iku has the idea of continuation of the motion (same as verh-stem-+tsuzukeru), and -te kita contains the idea of an action which begins and continues to the present (in contrast to verb-stem + hajimeru which “sometimes fe yuku(more formal).(10) Berunti (11) hakaru (12) mizu no haitta baketsu (=mizu ga haitta baketsu) LESSON 9 103 contains only the idea of the beginning of the action.) Note the following sentence: Kyd wa ame ga furi-hajimete, ima made futte kita no de, Kare kara ma futte ilu dard ( furitonzukern dard) “Loday it started to rain, it has been raining up until now, and it will probably go on raining.” In research texts and scholarly journals proper names are usually written in Romaji, However the katakana versions are not infrequently encountered, particularly when a name is firmly attached to an equation or a piece of equipment; hence one encounters Jf~ u— } Vii “non-Newtonian fluid? and W272 0% (Venchurtkan) “Venturi tube”. Note the use of * on the wa row of the kana table to make a v-row. For “Torricelli”, in the transcription b +2 y I, small » is used to simulate the doubling of the “I” in Italian! There tends to be some diversity in transcribing foreign names into katakana, because of the limited number of sounds in Japanese. Several different kanji may he used for hakaru “to measure”: #14, #4, #% ‘he first of these is the most common, and the third kanji should be used only for volume or weight, In compounds (jukuge), the most common word is jis % sokutei suru. For time measurement jitiifj% keiji suru may be used; for volume, 33% keiryd suru; for distance, jist3- A sokuryd suru, Lit. “a bucket (into which) water has entered,” hence freely “a bucket containing water,” or “a bucket with water in it.” Note also: nensei 0 motta chit’ (“a fluid which las visvusity” ur “a viscous fluid”); ittan no hiraita kan (“a tube (which is) open at one end”). Note the Japanese use of the past tense in these sentences; to an English-speaking person a present tense would seem more usual.104 Comprehending Technical Japanese CONSTRUCTION EXAMPLES ICE AL | “according to...” “independently o! “not due to...,"* “regardless of...”, rather than..."** [ick F [ices “in accordance with...,” “by...,” “due to...” 1 AMAA ORME AE, CHET ZKORD, ROMEO +, HH DUR ICK y TEE So 2. UBIERICES BES an WhOB sicko ¥, HBC Koc CHE So 3 HM Tcese, Kino kiceas, vit, Tabicr os, amtol Ley A REREORNGRD 3 ICik, RNRROHRRIC kT van der Waals OF 8 Rick oCHHFSORHRD5 CHS, mC uku to float Kankyo-cho Environmental Agency Tokyo-chibo Tokyo area photochemical... Le oxhaust emoke from factories aa jidosha automobile eH A haiki-gasu exhaust gases ERK jitsuzai-kitai real gas RIS keisan suru to calculate cit) | “when...”, “for the case that...” &® (icit) “when...”, “for the case that...” iin anit bickie& Bic Sic chitiae— eto fP Bl rcta, fromstin, 2 Hianwemy sons PG ca, yey + Fu + 7 AR OHBROKSE REM ei WED ie, emia iO mur / Biomckr [PE] cia, Hticwhs eee cREL Cite aM. The meaning “no. due wo” is iljustrated in sentence 3. "The meaning “rather than” is illustrated in sentence 4.are yakyit He dasha en utsu AA bésu KS kuru JK Om} toriatsukau eT shing3-t3 ae midori-iro STS ——hascha suru feces] [cca] | LESSON 9 105 baseball batter to hit base to come to deal with (traffic) signal light green to start the car ‘C#i | (See Explanatory Note (9) uae 2 1, DDR AP ELL COS BATCH PEL TS OMATS, HI OM SIC Hebets, 2, AMIR EICEECKAL, Cheb bee CHSS. 3. KALLA Cs 30-c, Hhunoe-cofiecos, ales i 7 4 AMA. Cok ROI, HUMIC HBR OKT OMNRUBCH 4. LAGS — josho suru FETS kakd surn ERS ikiru Kae tsugi-tsugi to File atarashii HOKS dete kuru ie giron iS tsuzuku WETS itsu made mo HES hashirn HSS uchi-katsu DA doryoku ae hitsuyo ch % | “both..and...” to ascend to descend to live one after another new to arise, come up argument, discussion to continue indefinitely to run to overcome motive power necessity 1 FV UFR th Ce Eto cy UMS CHE CC LER AL 2, oOkOMRCNT SHMRRFOUN, Bibb. cCo TAIT» 7 CHo CHB YE, Bo karui ERTS shucho suru ee kinzoku light to affirm, insist metal106 Comprekending Technical Japanese iB ESS | “based on...” “owing to..." “due to...” ORMART MOTH yess, MEET Ric ye se, 2 Be, Nee ay ros) AMicEsH CHADS EDS, 3. REDBICBO Cid, = RAE REOMEIC S elo CHa RRS cb aOR BL aie dansei elasticity he sosei plasticity BF koshi lattice abi kekkan defect BE sei statics KAD iichi no unknown SREE DBS hozon-rikijo conservative force field aca, genri principle SUPPLEMENTARY READINGS A. Selections from Rikagaku-Jiten, 2nd Edition: D we to contract, shrink RSD chijimanai ryitai incompressible fluid EEO nin’i no arbitrary BETA ippan-ka suru to generalize at gairyoku external force Aw x—1 DFE (QRJ 1245) RH OAVEE A ARORHAMN CH, IMR BIC OWT fot B+ ge—const a) (ORT. PIED. PHI, CRENOMRD. EAS HMROAK MAD OBR) DRY ID, CHABAD MEIC Oa THANE —PREOK“MERDT &OT, SVR ADRES. HUTCH 0B p EV OBMLOBE, (IE got fh +a=const @ oie Hitans OBNOEF YY eA). 2) em yoki container RESTS ana 0 akeru to make a hole eS nagare-deru to flow out 8sLESSON 9 107 }UFsy) OB RJ 971) BBC ART DNEICAT RX WR OHM +e, FORE, 1=/Igh GANS. COCIRMNOMAE, ARAM E COME CHS, THbS OE AAD h OBS DL AICHE HS &RICHOREICHL OO. CHEb I Fey I (Torricelli) DEBE. 3) FeV VE Venchuri-kan Venturi tuhe BR chuo center, middle < Fis kubireru to be constricted oe speed of the current HRT S keisan suru to calculate nao furthermore, moreover teika lowering ++. tshite through... via... sui-dasu to aspirate genshd phenomenon saisho no first kansatsu-sha observer MUOHTHSE shinjirarete iru believed to be ie na name Fate chinamu to be associated with Wart a0 (RJ 111) Blok Sicebliton ¢ Th A ECE OHMIC ANA oh, a WeWNicKTICe( &, (Choma cement. L — Biko CARA ORME Lo CLEP S. TOME a 1G, ROHS S. RE, CORNET ERALC, CRAIC ONES HBL Cee lL xb CNPC CEARMEIES CLARET RDNS, COMMORMOMREL Eon THs G. B. Venturi (¥ 2 ky —9, 1746-1822)* Ficlets, 4) he Pito-kan Pitot tube idan oue end BAX hiraku to open * Note dat tie kana irauscripiion is different for the same “Venturi” and for the name in the expression “Venturi tube.”108 Comprehending Technical Japanese EEAR yodomi-ten stagnation point HIE soatsu total pressure wie Ochi apparatus 2H aija no double “E sokuheki sidewall R ana hole BE seiatsu static pressure = sa difference G38 (10) chokusetsu (ni) directly HHI kantan ni simply hat Sa oben Gm emiucwsice< et, A OFneMnitinokebms. corsicL crews eee here EPL 5, WOMOK Sz LMOPOMCETARBASHEPELD, AOE akin Page (eeeseae, oti) Lome MEME, oko thwse5 ICL DOLE b-BIER, EciMHICE b—HL OD CEMHS, (cm “Fy J AB EEE HIM e+ ERE B. ia sorya laminar flow ALi ranryu turbulent flow ig ryushi particles BUS konjiru to mix ee moyd pattern DSS doyd suru to swirl Hekic chokusen-j6 ni rectilinearly FER TER dandan gradually RR totsuzen suddenly BL hageshii violent RATS konran suru to be in disorder, chaotic Bie zensha the formerTe ahah Bis whit FRO B& THE bobnd BRIE Hons Be vedi Bo (= Ev) lc kHE RED eth (= 865) SeneNy VA IWRE RED RE DF At ft Lc HAEA ATS SER Se (IAHIC. AO BS BRD Fee EE HTS IR FR DEL BEAR e sdgo ni kiseki egaku 8035 no kdsha kogaku-jo arawareru ko-nendo mirareru ten’i ikanaru... kare ni yoreba kansei-ryoku izure shihai-teki Reinoruzust kettei no shakudo ika ryakki snr heikin Jigen kaku-inshi tditsu shita tan’ikei shiyd suru Kyokai kikagakutteki ni sojl no utsuru ssai no rinkai-sokudo shdsuru jogen kagen kanarazushimo... to wa ienai LESSON 9 109 mutually locus Wo trace stratified, lamellar the latter in engineering to appear high viscosity is seen in, occurs in transition what kind of... according to him force of inertia which one controlling Reynolds number determining, decisive measure, criterion below, in what follows to abbreviate average dimensions dimensionless quantity each factor unified system of units to use boundaries geometrically similar to move at which... critical velocity to call, name upper limit lower limit cannot always say that. cannot necessarily say that...110 Comprehending Technical Japanese Mth daitai generally co) yaku approximately Kalo Sgata no large-sized te BRATS ryiny® suru to flow in Aa iriguchi entrance hb de nameraka na smooth Dy SB rappa-gata bell-shaped alae midare disturbance chi suru to be careful, take care more than... ceo still DEAD wazuka no slight Bile surudoi sharp pe shosho slightly FEDS sonzai suru to exist HAE rytuyt-go after entering ERAS ma mo naku before long, soon after WAS kieru to disappear AD tokubetsu no special RGSS chti o haran to take care, to pay attention to Bibi nanra ka no some kind of RA gen'in cause, source st hantei judgment, decision EAMICTS «0 kijun ni suru to take...as standards ERE kato jotai transition state Mu e Alwe (KK 31-32) HIAROPMOKEIL, CHUCKLED LVEF ELL CaO MER WR FEL, MMC CNS AMPLE RMI Blo CRLBRICTHEN BS, REA EE FEHSKE Sicko CRAIC AMOMBEEL, FERRE RAL A atE i HSLIICRS, MEDD ICHIBAN ICR EMMI LC BT ROR ne bIEBIRICK CHILE OF RIEL A, EOL AHH LRN TRE, LLB DNZORELL chit cd.c, Mike bY THO UNO eeMIED Tito GRE OTIC RL, Ht o alt obtbat ma 5 ICID 4 22, Osborne Reynolds 2: 1883 4cLESSON 9 111 MOTH GOICL fe, HICKNH, RHORROMB I HEIC He OC Heh 2» Bite OVFH MER CHS WICK THE BROT, COIOONOMICHGAT Bob B Lf 72 K¥t (Reynolds number) akEOREICAS, Vt 7 WAHL UAT Re HBR 4) ARAOUAOMA Ca, Howe D, wre a, TeOIIEe 6, Bh HERALE w FHL, Re=Dip/y CHODENS, Lieto Re HAEIHEAME RD, DEDNUMIEL &S. Re ADKLUHET 5 & Re GHITECH 4 CE BDO), Lei CANTER LHR CH b be, \aiete 4 ifr LC® FORGES. FRL2ZOOE WOiEhIC ha cZm Re KAFL Wk & RONEN ARTY HC HDL-C a 3 ID UIE RES DHCD Bo Ravin Hit 60RD Re RHR A 7 xBe KU, Coe KOMI MIE eRe MIE LB 3 HRY ¢ 7 xt (LEE Rede LEG 2) Off EO LIBEL & EERO ARLA, FEAL CH OH 2,300 <3, REAM OK DEBBCRAMAT SE, HOADISA Dk y Wick DHICY CE SAV AN DAML ICEL THT, Re 2 10,000 Lh bICeW Ch as henIee Met SC BK, COLS ANG Sb CHAECEc, HF AOBMMELAT ON (ei MEIC bS. LiL FROARISIER LACT, Re 22, 300A FERSE BURT O AT BEC CALI) A AFEEL Cb, TATA BER te 6 @OALE I A HAIR ECR S, MORES DAVEY, RLOROANOMARKEETS mb, TERO sro lta m alien tat elelicrhur ku, Re<2300 fie Re--3000 iit 2300VTBY (=MbNTHT) HIS HO ATS GP) = a — bie RS AST sir HES ORD IC HD-- RUTS HUTS BK ippan ni Osi, tekiyd suru (hi) NyTton rydtai atsukau ka-hunshi-busshitsu. sti chikai shitagau weno kawari ni mokuteki no... hydgen suru teishutsn suru henkei kagaku ryudo-gaku rydsei-gaku shu to shite seni Ojiru kaki no bunken sansho modoru nendo nensei-ritsu slow lo pull back, draw back boundary tangential force shear(ing) stress to receive viscous force perpendicular rate gradient following equation viscosity dynamical property is known, and... in general ordinary, normal to apply (non) Newtonian fluid to deal with, handle, treat macromolecular materials near... akin to... to obey instead of... «which we have as our object to express, represent to present, offer deformation science theology theology mainly, principally to meet..., satisfy... following, (listed) below literature, bibliography reference to return viscosity (coefficient of) viscosityLESSON 10 115 x kei system, bigw joki no (listed) above SRNR do-nensei-keist (coefficient of) kinematic Ea HLE katsudd-nendo kinematic viscosity eae teigi definition eae hotondo almost eR yoeki solution solvent besides..., in addition to... solute sort, kind concentration With «(1 -1-3, BM 79, 2RJ 128) ROOM FRR PR OMICHEDD 0, TBDEL fe KOEBICR LT LOH HER ce HAICHS, MALE CHACMN SETS. FeihiC Pec, RICE BT SMhAM ISEHA ZL, COMOMMOMICME OMA 0, LAK pile AICTE Soh, Fin asev tic ROTI TLS eEsNS, LEK, CR om NTIA— MOR, PRb dU EET 4 CLIC S. CHEREN ES, COMIC BHAI EL, HAORES u LTE, pH AME OMILOHA”, Fad BRIDE du/dy CHB. TLTCLOLS RUPIAH GLY 3 x HA~OMIG BDAY OMEN? ce AEA du/dy ICLLIL CHA THE DENS, du dy ERO HEE uv CHIME CRE) oki, HEM ORINYMHES L CHB ORR CHS. LIKE OHMIC Ss. YOM LL Mee D, BhicM eH HOWAICMM SIS, COL BIE S 2 YUE ROME + AECL THE4DTHS, HRC, LELERP PWR EOE 5ICMMOMEICI HAS HES SK) RE DEM, COKSIC MIC Mb AMIE, JES 2 bY BEER Hin DOR yc HHO” aRHICRYS du/dy & rye OMRERNTS 303% AMEN TH S, BE, COLD RMEHOMIICHL TR, MHHOae mnott %) CHA HOES ME (We) aEe cm cea, DBE BUCKROMEEMS RAY, STA) ICS LO HER CHEE, HE) pOMie BAN, CGS Riceecist tue= @116 Comprehending Technical Japanese we) (cm/s) /cm | bid ep) eA ems, dyn/aw’_}_[_& mes. fit Ig/em:s + 127 X (poise, p), £% O.0lp #1 ey 7 % (centipoise, WR ROHIER EL, UR CmRNORAL CEERI)» PERL TAS ra vep/o DL RMOMMLIR cmi/s CHS, @ KAORI S , ELE SICHML®, EI Lo CLEA EBD be, WA CLICHE ENS CREM LY, Ee e ICHMT. FeO NEE BH OMoOD, BEowe, Bier vic ko ceeT Se, Pace netsu-dends-do thermal conductivity* me atsusa thickness Bi (i) rya(men) hoth (surfaces), the two (surfaces) £80 nin'i no arbitrary GE) EH HIE (hi) teijo-jorai (un) steady state WE fact POLL fs perpendicular to the flow of heat (AN) apa rate of (heat) transport netsu-rytsoku heat flux jikoku (instant of) time shunkan moment, instant bibun differentiation kigo symbol fugs minus sign ichi-jigen netsu-dendd —_ one-dimensional heat conduction aK honshiki this equation BR gensho phenomenon a setsumei explanation RR (1 10-12) Hes Lokumtvnesrc5, i Hamommxtn eh Ty T. chen, ff Bothell x iat) BIE T AAFC) LCE ee UNE Fc BEN Cave Cid “Chemical engineers use 4Gsui whereas mechanical engineers and physicists use #4iA33kLESSON 10 117 KORRBRRINICHDD DICH, ‘Bowe AA oH eT) . | tagEE Hr DOANE oe [EY a LFROSERAR g Hi ve kJ A EFS L, @ bnk-ced x HARI cal/omese°C ¥ FE keal/mehr-°C OH $b, SALE (Bh ae) Lkiths, EX, O RAMEE A Osh ab B18, MTL & % CHIE DBI 3 MARAE AAANE DWYETHE ES -CHS I hy b AM MIC OT x HID RUNTIME dx (COAL AT OiBMAE A AUCRSBS, TOMBICS CH (2) OMNES LAA, x ICA TA OMITTED AD x AMC SMOBMPANE LE — KAT /ds) ES. ky CRS Hehin®, aT ‘3 ae @B) ge COICO MDT A TRIC RATERS CR eER TARR OU CHS, Est Ko MMEMICHS7—I ORME KH, ELOCMPL ARE RROF THEIR EQ MUSS, PLBETH ay, 5 3 UMICILAS "AOEKRROL TICKS. Ga-kv T @ NENSEI KEISO Futatsu no heik6 na hiroi heiban no aida ni ry@tai ga ari, kotei shita shita no heiban ni taishite ue no heiban ga ittei sokudo de x hoko ni ugoki, ryutai mo sore ni ojite heiko ni nagareru to suru, RyUtai-cht ni oite, heiban ni heiko-suru bisho na men dS v kangaciu iv, Kouu wen uv rySgawa uv bubun ui sukudu uu sa ga ari, jomen ga hayai gawa ni zenpd ni hikizurarc, kamen ga osoi gawa ni kohd ni hikimodosareru, Shitagatte kyokai no bishd-men wa isshu no sessen-ryolu, sunawachi sendan-ryoku 0 ukeru koto ni naru, Kore o nensei-ryoku to iu. Kono men ni suichoku na hOko 0 y to shi, ryUtai no sokudo ow to suru to, y hok6 ni kansuru sokudo no henka no wariai,” sunawachi sokudo kObai wa du/dy de aru. Soshite kono yo na kyokai-men ga ryutai kara ukeru x hoko e no tan‘i- menseki atari no sendan-Gryuku® tyz wa sukudo kobai du/dy ni hirei shite jishiki de arawasareru. ruz= ~ ydu/dy @118 Comprehending Technical Japanese JOshiki no hirei-teisti y wa nensei-keist (uendo) lo yobare, ryTlai nu dotcki-bussei to shite jUyS na Dutsuri-teist de aru. Joshiki wa “nensci ni kan-suru Nydton no hosoku” to shite shirarcte ori, ippan ni kitai ya toOjo no ekitai ai tekiyo sareru, iru mono de aru. Jissai ni wa tatoeha kahunshicbusshitsu nado no y5 ni dansei no seishitsu ni chikai rytitai mo jlly6 de aru ga (1) ni wa shitagawanai, Kono yo ni (1) ni shitagawanai ryutai wa, hi-Nyuton ryutai to yobare (1) no kawari ni mokuteki no” ryUtai ni okeru du/dy lo ty a0 kaukei o hydgen suru irviro na shiki ga teishutsu sarete u. Nao, kono y6 na busshitsu no nagare ni kanshite wa, “busshitsu no henkei to nagare no kagaku” de aru “rytidd-gaku mata wa rytisei-gaku (reorojii)” ga shu to shite tori-atsukatte iru kara, hitsuyd ni dite kaki no bunken o sanshi saretai.” Sate (1) ni modori nensei-keisti (nendo, nensei ritsu) «no tan’1 o kangaereba, CGS kei ni oite wa ta-[ Semen] tome ® Jaki no tan’i de ichi g/cm-s 0 ichi Poazu (Poise, p), mata 0.01 p 0 ichi senchi-poam (centipoise, cp) to yonde iru. Ima ryutai no mitsudo 0 p to shi, jishiki de do-nensei-keist. (katsudo-nendo) » © teigi shite miru.” w/e @) Do-nensei-keisu no tan’i wa cm*/s de aru. Kitai no nensei wa chiisaku,® ondo to tomo ui zdka shi,” atsuryoku ui youe wa hotondo kawaranai.” Ekitai de wa ippan ni ondo o ageru to nensei wa gensho shi, atsuryoku to tomo ni zdka suru.” Yoeki no nensei wa yObai no nensei no hoka, y shitsu no shurui, nddo nado ni yotte henka suru. NETSU-DENDO-DO Atsusa L no hiroi kotai-heiban 0 kangaeyo. Ryo-kyokai-men no ondo ga sorezore Ty Ty ni tamotare, nin'i no ichi x ni okeru ondo Ty jikan ni taishite henka shinai” jOtai, sumawachi ieijG-jGiai ui vite wa tsugi no jijitsu ga jikkeuwicki ui tashikamerarcte iru, netsuryi to chokkaku na tan’i-dan-menseki atari no « [ems ondo-sa aw netsu-idd-sokudo kyori sunawachi netsu-ryisoku g Ima hirei-teisu 0 & to suru to q=kAT/L 2 Ue no shiki de tcigi sareru & wa cal/cm-sec*°G mata wa A cal/m-hi-°G no tan’ © mochi, netsudend3-do (netsudend6-ritsu) to yobareru.LESSON 10 119 Sate (2) wa teijO-jOtai no baai no shiki de aru ga, jikan to tomo ni ondo ga henka suru“ hi-teijo-jotai no baai wa do de aro ka, Aru jikoku ni oite, x hoko no bisho-kyori 4x ni taishi JT’ no ondo-sa ga shOjite iru baai, sono shunkan ni vite wa (2) uu haukei ya scitiisu suru iv haugacteba © ui suichuku ua daumen no tan’idan-menscki atari x hdk6 ni nagareru netsu no idd.sokudo wa—k (47/4 x) to naru. Yotte bibun-kigd 0 mochi-i,” qe=—kdT/de @) koko ni ondo no genshd suru hOkO ni netsu ga nagareru koto o kangaete fugd o tsukete iru. Joshiki wa ichi-jigen-netsu-dendo ni okeru FUrie no hsoku to yobare, honshiki® o sekibun shita shiki wa jissai no hi-teijo-dendo-gensho o yoku setsumei suru. Moshi undo T ga x, 9, ¢ no san-hOko ni henka suru” uaraba jishiki no yO ui naru. q= WT @ THE COEFFICIENT OF VISCOSITY Consider a fluid located between a pair of wide, parallel flat plates; the upper plate moves in the x-direction at constant velocity with respect to the lower plate, which is fixed. In response to ue motion of the upper plate, the fluid also flows parallel lo the plates. Let us now consider a differential surface element dS moving with the fluid, this clement being parallel to the flat plates; then there will be a velocity difference on the two sides of dS, the upper part of the surface being dragged forward hy the rapidly-moving fluid an the top side and the lower part of the surface being drawn backwards by the slowly-moving fluid on the underside. Thus the infinitesimal bounding surface experiences a kind of tangential force, that is to say, a shear(ing)stress. This called a “viscous force.” If we take the y direction perpendicular to the surface and let v be the fluid velocity, then the tate of change of velocity in the y direction, that is the velocity gradient, is du/dy. Furthermore, the shearing stress sy, per unit area exerted on the boundary surface by the fluid in the x direction is proportional to the gradient du/dy and is expressed by the following equation. rur=—ndu/ dy aw The proportionality constant in the above equation is called the coefficient of viscosity and, as a dynamic fluid property, is an important physical constant. The above equation is known as Newton's law of viscosity and is in general applicable to gases and ordinary liquids. Such fluids are called Newtonian and are treated in fluid mechanics and hydraulics. Actually there are also important fluids, having essentially elastic properties, such as macromolecular substances, which do nat ahey (1). Such fluids that do not obey (1) are called non-Newtonian, and to replace (1) a variety of equations have been proposed for expressing the relation between ryz and du/dy for the fluid concerned, Since problems related to the flow120 Comprehending Tectnical Japanese of these mater Is are treated primarily in rheology, the science of deformation and flow, the references below should be consulted as occasion demands. Returning now to (1) and considering the units of viscosity » we have, for the CGS system, Wl =| em/5) enn | and, for the above units, we call | g/cm-s one poise (p) and 0. 0Ip one centipoise, 7 Now if we let the density of the fluid be p, we may define the coefficient of kinematic viscosity » with the following equation, The visensity of a gas is small, increases with temperature but. changes hardly at all with pressure. ‘I'he viscosity of liquids generally decreases with rising temperature and increases with pressure. The viscosity of a solution varies not only with the viscosity of the solvent but also with the type of solute and the concentration, THERMAT, CONDUCTIVITY Let us consider a broad, solid flat plate of thickness L. When the temperatures of the two boundary surfaces arc maintained at T; and T; respectively, then at steady state Ge, the state in + Se evry acti aig steady state ature P ich i.e, the state in which the temperature T at any change with time), the following fact has been experimentally confirmed: The heat flux g, that is the rate of heat transport per unit area} o perpendicular to the flow of heat Now if & is the proportionality constant, then ghd T/L (2) The constant k defined by the above cquation is called the thermal conductivity and has the units cal/cm-sec°C or kcal/m-hr-°C. Now (2) is the equation for the steady state case, but what would it be for the unsteady state case where the temperature changes with time? If we consider the relation in (2) to be valid for that instant where there is a temperature difference AT in the x direction over an infinitesimal distance 4x, then the rate of heat temperature difference (1) distance ~ transport in the x direction per unit cross-sectional area perpendicular to x is ~k (4T/d3). Accordingly, if we use differential symbols and introduce a negative sign in consideration of the fact that heat flows in the direction of dcercasing temperature, then we have qe=—kdT Ide @) ‘The above equation is called Fourier’s Law for one-dimensional heat conduction,LESSON 10 121 and the integrated form of this equation well explains the actual phenomena in unsteady state conduction. If the temperature T varies in the three dimensions x 9, & then the following equation holds. aT wo - EXPLANATORY NOTES (1) Note the many ways in which change and dependence can be stated in Japanese: y-hoko ni kansuru sokudo The rate of change of velocity in the y-direction no henka nensei wa ondo to tomo ni zdka sure nensei wa atsuryoku ni yotte hotonda kawaranai ondo o ageru to nensei wa gensho suru nensei wa n6do ni youte henka suru T ga jikan ni taishite henka shinai jikan to tomo ni ondo ga henka sur T ga x, 9, % no 3 hoko ni henka suru naraba... (2) ryttai kara ukeru; xhok@ € no; tan’i menscki atari no (3) mokuteki no ryitai (4) sansho saretai The viscosity increases with temperature The viscosity is almost independent of the pres- sure Af we raise the temperature, the viscosity decreases The viscosity depends on the concentration T docs not change with time The temperature changes with time If T changes in the three directions x,y, and Z. ‘These three phrases all modify sendan-dryoku. Note the juxtaposition of the two particles ¢ and no, In Japanese “the force in the wdirection” is x hdkd 2 no chikara and the no cannot be omitted. «hoki @ describes the kind of chikara we are dealing with. Same as sono ryiita: or kangaete iru ryiltai (i. that fluid which we have as the aim of our study.) “We wish you to consult.” The form sanshd saretai, used only in the written language, is the desider- ative form (tai ending) of the verb sareru (the honorific equivalent of suru). Compare: sanshd seyo “consult!” (brusque imper- ative); sanshi shite itadakitai “we should like to request that you consult” (polite conversational usage).122 Comprehending Technical Japanese Other examples: Kono hokoku 0 yomaretai: We'd like you to read this report. Kongeisu no Auigi ni siussehé surat to attend this month’s conference. (8) teigi shite miru Literally “define it and see how it turns out.” In this case the expression can be replaced by teigi suru. (6) chiisaku in conversation, one would be more apt to say chiisakute; in either case the meaning is “is small, and.” () mochii In conversation, one would use mochi-ite; in either case the meaning is “we use..., and.” (8) honshiki Same as kono shiki (“this equation”); the use of hon- as a prefix meaning “this? is often used. CONSTRUCTION EXAMPLES ICHIF 4 | “concerned with...” “with respect to...” “related to...” Ll. 2 BB x,y WM 2 War dz id, x CHIT S Mine, de duet & dy Ch ENS. 2. Hee MT 2 RL SHLOHICIL, TROLL IC DNS 2 AUS 2 RHIC BE dee, icy ome Sa DME BH. 3. “Hider Rive! coy sax alilitice 3, BE hensti variable Baa kansa function Ra kankyo environment AB jiutui inankind ett sonbd destiny rn mondai problem ICBJL ‘Cik | “about...”, “with regard to. 1 from cet BONS wie Bt 2M BFA xe, 2 PYRE Rol tone RAL CREP ARIES REEL. 3. Mikes Five wCBL CIC AY are senmon-sho specialized works HB. etREST xD iif ae UE AS BR CH HTS hon-gakkai-shi keisai no ronbun uaiyd sekinin ou k@satsu k6sho shojutsu suru LESSON 10 123 which appeared in the journal of this society article, paper coutenis responsibility to bear, assume (responsibility) consideration, inquiry later chapter to explain fully, enter fully into | -icrit-c | “in accordance with...”, “depending on...” 1 RRO X bY DETMRNOBAIC, U4 PA ZROAIMCIEU TC, FEN E HE BILE OAKES 3, 2 ANCHE CHROME TET 5m, WARICRIEL CHUB T 4 OICIGE CF 4 F-ORBZUEG IVY ORB, RL ENR Boks 4 ae ea IITVII a 8 daisho atsuryoku-teiks kijutsn surn oma Raguranju ELC | “mainly*, “principally” HSMOMLOMACHLTMA, <7 bili L-cuake Ler 7 vey bd AN7—HIOL ULES LC PE] BHMS. BRE CEL Loa. oR HEIRS. katamuki oa magnitude pressure drag to describe Kuler Lagrange gradient (of a scalar) SUPPLEMENTARY READINGS 1 2. A. Btn (GATE) He es Fane ae Ba tO-moru (s0go) kakeusan kantan na kakuheki yoki betsu-betsu ni equimolar (counter) diffusion simple partition container, vessel separately124 Comprekending Technical Japanese BT mitast to fill BTA hoji suru to maintain ee mama as it is Pia chukan no in the middie ROLES tori-hazusu to remove RHEL tadashi moreover Baas kyoshi-teki macroscopic a tairya convection WETS katei surn to assume WEDD CRB nddo bunpu ga dekiru a concentration distribution results SPE bun’atsu partial pressure EHUD to pass through... EA) FA sei (fu) hoko positive (negative) direction BS utsurn to move Likfe shikata way, type WR ekikei liquid system SHUEY tako-sei no porous LS ROMS yoku smirareru often seen ac sate Lo 4j no tot morw-ryd BH ido transport TR rytsoku flux fe kobai gradient RE fugo negative sign Faye Fikku Fick MTZ shirarcte iru is known HERES B hikaku suru to compare senmiitie (18-419) Bok SHR AB Ee L-CHNE b OPENICRIBA & RUEB BGI ICBAL, HEE - FEDER UICISEL tek ROHAN CRERMAUICTRY IF LAEL ED. RELIRIO PHI C, BARRA BOE METS. COMA L ICRI ESICRMKADDTARABORA, RMBON TARA DATEL Crh Oe, & ZBI CRE OL SABRE CE 2, COMA, SEM OMNy OBNC kos —E Pam) es oeLESSON 10 125 PxtPr=P a) tk A, BOUIE Pa Pak, COLA Ca, CoRkOMICS 3. eA 1(mal) Ok Hie ‘=p Baaxioem') * TT? SAB CCIC Poth 1 SHE, Tih (CK) CHS, bRE MEAD, Cit Co=F_._,,_1(mol) ee 273 C=, Py 22.410" (cm) ‘constant 3) kb dM LBAULU LOM EME CADTFD DEN MICBSME, BOFFBY OE TBIICIE A LE BHRICSLYTLICHS, TCOLG AUD Lote PERI ae Eit, MACS FRR E LULL OBIAIC RTS LC HONS HRD S, EC, WLOARARICHOT, HSMMEBA, CO BIC I) & AMR UBC 8 MMLMTTBLD fe 9 Oe 1 ALD WIEST kb DHRE Na (mol/em*+s) £4 & COfHtt HORE ARICKAIL c, Loko bINTHA, \ Ca Na——Daw tf @ Ce <— RboDT. LRT 1 > 7 ORE wee Lc HCHSYOCH), HME Dav (cm?/s) MARL & FF ign: —> WIKA PCOS, SCALE SMB OE NH No thy & BHOFMCHS>G, AOWELT AB eon cH SO, ADIEU T 2 HANTS} ze dCi il Ne — —Dos roa 6) Se OM EL Nat Ne=0-C4), Kie)ird cee © ay fer ERBDS, MEG EHMLC Das=Doa (a) A, BRAD BACH EXOBRERILI Bo B. —Srbhte ippo-kakusan unidirectional diffusion Att joken condition Ba E ~-baai ga di it frequently happens that. ‘IE RIE) seishi (jotai) stationary (state)126 Gomprekeuting Technical Japanese BARB HRI HBTS BARTS BR BABI BRE ED Ta sSTSHIIC HLT OT PFS wR PED ICS BAR Le Pies REL Cv MS Tate HESS MCE S se Bay Bat BUSTS fhe #23 kitai-Rechii ni jOhatsu suru sesshoku suru joki ataerareta... heiko jotai nin'i no gyaku-hoko sokatsu-teki ni mite bunshi-gun kaizai suru tdzen yahari --ni noru zenjutsu shita sotogawa no seishi shite iru kansokusha moru buntitsu chojo suru kijutsn dekirn shoka kyusha kytchaku hanud suru fukin okoru A 19- in gas B to evaporate. to vaporize, to contact vapor given... equilibrium condition, state any (arbitrary) reverse direction viewed over-all, seen in toval collection of molecules to lic within naturally of course to ride on... aforementioned outside stationary observer mol fraction superimposed, piled on one another can be expressed sublimation absorption adsorption to react (chemically) neighborhood, vicinity to occur, happen 21) Sineerniiiomecay, A, BAtke UCAAMSICHE ROBE CRF em 3. La LIOROR HG IC EE BENCHES, HL RRA Dt y Ipc Wark > MBM ME TA MAME, 200k VihiLA Me L-CHBINIC (RB IERIEICS 5 RB AIC, HAO RL RADIAT BM 2EBS E BL 0 CORTTICRIBT 2k O RG (UK) A OBIE. DAI LENO S 2 cieie PEs 2 chez, valihomity cnx, bobincay 2% KAS KUBOLAURENA, ieee tata RL ENE CHE Data y HI, AnttiLESSON 10 127 YOUAAORRERDT. SC, 2 -Ciklil oH LEREPAD BAKA OSE IHC BETS ad Hc cy HACHES SOR. Roms BCEICAS, WEARS YD AKA DBHDT S SN MOUNMMET feb be VIR Na ELIS. © DESICAOH FRAICHE -Cy HICKS & &, ZOMCHEL Cr 5 REBON TAMA MCTET DNTHIED YING. COTTE ae be, REA & BRA DEC Nat Na wittea y Ji el WCEFAZTLICHS, Ok Nat Ne D2 RHR &OMNICH AREC WHITES, BUUATWO BIICRIL A & 5 AMAT A bic b AFCHS, PRO SAMOBLL cos MME ANCA. <—> aoemig| [ame Ley spy] Aesro] 5. ‘ Bonne sop seven! licoas-evnot) lense) | GraePisihic a 6 eva ACA THES CHEE Na= Wat+Jn) x4—Dav as ® cok shh Lake —Hhtihe on, aichtiiem Dan ck. cilihes 28 HS. Home CHRIS FOR Home, Beto 1 mba (CHUL AD IOSICBLE Le 0 FSA, ab B veld Mtoo> 1 per ONT & BIS LC Enewelc, WaMitio with CETL £9 —Hlithtakie chs. FINAL TRANSLATION TEST FO PSES COME OBAGI BIC ARO DIC LB U8, HIRE RUE CORDES Eo SRREPL EHTS, ARID“ MOMELI SL, LOGIT S te %, ZORDOBER EdD OMIOMEL DNS 2A, COREOEORDICBEO MOSLALC, WHOTICHENACE, MRE 2 ICME Ss, LAT SMR LT FUEF SBI AD AIEHEBD Ae ODT 8 OC, TEIURADE Me L-CBLDH, CHEMIE 05. HRP RIGO ARIF, MRD TILES LOFTS OE, MEDNAPMEAICER, 7 IU YBICK. CHMICHS 5 2ROME EBELALTS. Ya I-V VE, PROM AMMEMAAICARS ETICT OIE128 Comprehending Technical Japanese TL. HILO S CAPO PIC LAL CTS Ditbm>S, COMM, LMLOBR ORNNKES, FL PHN OBAOREZICHC CHES, Ex OM ICoo THEMSOMEASAONTOSA, (AMMAR E AILS, BBE Dik, Wikk DROS wiley,LESSON 11 BR KANJI 7 | zai | SHI 2b | KAN i 362 a 1466 | ma(ku) zo | Jt 372 | KI an | kein BE ee | tsa 470 | TEN 196 | GIN nu BY 4615 Ss RI 4 A | 493 | HI fi cance mR (tol bd saka( ssa | [eta mot) aor | SAN 22 | KETSU ra : chi (ras) R ire oss | (hie? 209 |_ {kien} t 88 | SHA un | 263a | TAN He 4608 | kuruma Sit i 3303 | hashi 2 | SHI ea ME ea fetes} wh |tofmaru) ity | 24 | SHI lie 522 BE a2 | tka TH Ts] ature 252a | SO iy 56 | Gar Bs De Sigg] bok | 4234 1168 solo. READING SELECTIONS fia shigoto WEAN rikigaku-ieki enerugii at nasu to perform, do Ble ichijirushii noticeable, significant zee toishi grindstone FAT naif knife ALTA oshi-ateru to push (hold) against e¢ togu to whet, grind AE hibana spark130 Comprehending Technical Japanese TREBS ERS wea T tr ATS (=HUS) LAGS me BHD PRS REE 1S AnD Bit Bebe PRT S ee let He BODE cone CO ie WO ABeD aie At aaa fic tobi-chiru burtki_ sharin atsui ageru hOhs koon netsu rytnyt wto kagiranai nagare-komu shozuru josho suru doto Jaru tsukau s®chi ryakuzu omori sagaru itomaki mawaru ireru yoki hane-guruma Kaiten suru kaki-mawasu hane butsukaru sent tgurete kono hoka toryd betsu no memori siichi teion ketsuron nochi ni to Ay of (in various direc- tions) brake hot to raise, elevate method, way high temperature heat influx is not limited to. to flow in to produce, bring about to rise equality Joule to use apparatus sketch weight to hang down; descend spool to rotate to insert container, vessel impeller, paddle-wheel to rotate to stir blade, vane to hit, collide with as. besides (this), moreover equivalent different scale numerical value low temperature conclusion laterLESSON 11 131 ara sOwa sum total Piha ta naibu encrugii internal energy EEBT matomete together, collectively RE: no zengo ot throughout BLE koritsu-kei isolated system Bets awaseru to combine ICBRLC sni saishite in case of... €e soryd, total amount ed butsuri physics ARBEIT kiso teki na. fundamental ILE REO (B 126-127 HRCMHO ADMAICI, WKICHHETAL, BOM HICHLRKGODS H= 22¥-40S. PRORHOS SL ECR, NEMH= 2+ OMA SHAE BEKO PAWS, MENU OBREEL< koto CHS, KERMMRL OL (C17 HHL SCTE CE RICE ATEDROMEY, 7 A BE Se FICK, Wie 7L FRAC RTS, LOLS, WHOM EL SH, MMOEDL OM OMAKY & ABS wie, (LIC Ko COME EV STEM CES. HORN CU CECE SBE LIM, (tT RDS DE 214 —OMIEIC Ko CE FABELH LOSCHSCLEMPAMICY 2 HCK THA HS OREM GR DHA, DM LIES OSC He WARIROWR <3, > DBYd UMMM DONT PAS TEC KT HEEAREID, KEANABROMNDARG RABLCKEPEATA, KOMHRSHO, (ic ie Le DoR, BSD BERS CONT KOE BENS, ChhbhRNRBS DICLALH, S20 eS DOM FLEOMDW 2, KOWE LWICWS 2 EQ LOBE W=JQ a) OMROR Y LOCLMRENK, COEADRAVANZBAA DAR IOP GR7 DBASE, ZaKIt DoT J=4.2 2 4~2/eal 2) SHS. CHE MMOLE) E09,132 Comprehending Technical Japanese JRO) —HECHS CLD D, WEQERAUBEND BBD Chilo ABMHEBA-C Ln", LeKAT, BARROW Ri OMEICHN SD =A — CHB & BG Bens, chester CBS DCAD INCL, TOMKOR ALA BHT. BICFRE SIC, CORR HWM L CO EHED 4 Di AY ORM CdS” LBRO, CORAL EMED ABRALE— | E54, RIRDBLAE OE Blk, NEA WEBB MT SE, MOREE), ABH ALY- AMPS SE, BEF AS, Pe-AORBR, HYD HE KUSRMOKEE LS CHAN, BDO B= 4VH-ORIWEMOND= 4 -ONIMIC Ro REBADWS ID, RRO ee IC CAM = AEH ENING KE ORAEM DH ROCECES, Thbds THRO § OE RAH LHR AHL RADATERN, LOWGOL AGICBRL C= AF OHLLIE IC —-FEICIRICALS oJ CIE CERI MED IME ov, HBLIC CL 8 HEA ABE O— 2 CS, Wide & atatakasa warmth ties tsumetasa coolness AIC stryd-teki ni quantitatively BOT futst ni generally * suigin mercury Ya reidan warmth and coldness ICHE DS ..ni tomonau to accompany... AWTS riyS suru to utilize a nuku to remove ar mazu first of all Re hydjun standard WS kimeru to decide, fix, set REE ichi-kiatsu one atmosphere HDRES no moto de at..., under... eA tokern to melt HET futto suru to boil (verb stem) +tsutsu aru is...-ing kori ice ki water vapor hydten melting point futten boiling point jotan upper end tobun suru to divide equally Bes ap aj; ka above; belowLESSON 11 133 ale wariai proportion a kizamu to mark off, score Ai=—7 sekiyu-€teru petroleum ether Loe 5 app oF wigai outside of... shido reading ‘Halt sdi discrepancy byvA—7- (also written toruoru toluene hum) td BE at BED £ OBA EOP EERIE z . We Ins CEOVORDSA, HOF ICM A DNS OAKMIE C2. CH KMO Ha BIC, CHILI SMELL OC, BREN Rie HF AROPICAIRE AR EYDCHS. BED ARVETSABIC, EF. @ 1MEO ee cenooHz OR 2 1REOd & CHL 255° Ko LOA ower, enenu CRE), 0” CKO) eS. COL EOKMO LMOEL BE 0, 10 EFS, 0, 1 DME 100-GHH AI OLTK, OH Lee BS Hes, COL SICL CHEV re MME HED & CARY ELE ABO bb 0 ICH — 7 VEN RIE SSD, —30°C mb 200°C Co WORc dns, TOES, OC E 100°C MH CE OA ICH MART SH, TORS VD. PLEO NEAR AEN CH, -0°C COVE CHEER AMON, DEM REDS. LHC, ENERUGI HOZON NO HOSOKU Masatsu ya teik6 no nai baai ni wa, buttai ni shigoto o suru to, sono buttai wa shiguiv ui hitusbii dake uo rikigakuricki cueiugii v c1u. Masaisu ya teikG uu atu toki ni wa, rikigaku-tcki enerugii no zdka wa nasarcta shigoto-ryd yori sukunai ga, masatsu sareta bubun no ondo wa ichijirushiku agatte iru. Tatoeba kaiten- toishi ni naifu o oshi-atete togu toki ni wa hibana ga tobi-chiri, buréki o kakete jiddsha o tomeru toki ni wa, sharin ya buréki ga atsuku™ natte iru. Kono yo ni, buttai no ondo 0 ageru® hohd wa, ko-on no buttai kara no netsu® no ryunyu dake to wa kagiranai. Shigoto ni yotte mo ondo o ageru koto ga dekiru. Netsu ga nagare-komu koto ni yoru ondo-jOsho ga, shigoto sunawachi rikigaku- teki enerugii no henka ni yotte shd-zuru ondo-josho to dot de aru koto o shimesu tame ni, Juru ni yotte iroiro no jikken ga okonawareta.134 Comprehending Technical Japanese Zu-ichi wa sono jikken ni tsukawareta sochi no ryakuzu de aru, Futatsu no omori M ga juryoku ni hikarete sagaru koto ni yotte itomaki A ga mawari, mizu v iveta yoki no naka no hane-guruma G ya kaiten shite mizu o kaki-mawasu ga, eee miza no und3 wa yoki no uchigawa ni kotel shita tomerare, omori ga sagaru ni tsurete mizu no ondo ga agaru. Kore kara jfiryoku ga omori ni shita shigoto, aruiwa omori no ichi enerugi genshd W to, mizu no ondo-jdshd ni yO suru netsuryd Q to no aida ni W=IQ O) no kankei ga nari-tatsu koto ga shimesareta. Kono hoka, iroiro no jikken ga oko- nawarela ya J uo alai wa itsu no baai mo ittei de, sono atai wa J=4.2 Joule/cal @ de aru. Kore 0 “notsu no shigoto tory6” to iu. J ga itsu mo ittei de aru koto kara, no W to Q to wa onaji ry6 0 betsu no memori de hakatta sfichi to kangaete yoi” Shitagatte, netsu wa ko-on no buttai kara tei-on no buttai ni nagareru enerugii de aru koto ga ketsuron sareru. Kore ga netsu enerugii de aru. Buttai ni netsu ga nagare-komu to, sono buttai no enerugii ga masu, Nochi ni manabu yO ni, kono enerugii wa buttai o k6sei shite iru bunshi no motsu_riki- gaku-teki enerugii no sGwa de aru® to kangaerarete iru. Kono enerugii o buttai no “naibu-encrugii” to iu, Jotai no henka ga nai toki wa naibu-encrugii ga 2dka suru to, buttai no ondo ga agari, naibu-enerugii ga genshd suru to ondo ga sagaru, Jaru no jikken de, omori, hane-guruma, oyobi ydki-nai no mizu o matomete kangaereha, omori no ichi-enerugii no genshO W ga mizu no naibu-enerugii no zoka ni natta to kangaerareru kara, jikken no zengo 0 tsujite naibu enerugii to rikigaku-teki enerugii no sowa wa, kawaranai koto ni naru, Sunawachi “Koritsu- kei no motsu naibu-cnerugii to rikigaku-teki enerugii to 0 awasete kangaereba, sono jotai no henka ni saishite enerugii no sry0 wa, tsunc ni ittei ni tamotareru.” Kore 0 “encrugii hozon no hdsoku” to ii, butsuri ni oite wa mottomo kiso-teki na hdsoku no hitotsu de aru. ONDO-KEI Atatakasa® tsumetasa®” 0 suryo-teki ni arawashita mono 0 ondo to iu. Ondo o hakaru ondo-kei ni wa iroiro no mono ga aru ga, futs0 ni mochi-irareru no wa suigin-ondorkei de aru. Kore wa suigin no taiseki ga reidan ni tomonatte henka suru scishitsu o riy6 shita mono dc, kaki o nuita hosoi garasu-kan no naka ni suigin o ireta mono de aru, Ondo no memori o suru tame ni, mazu futatsu no hydjun-ten o kimeru. Sore ni wa (2) Ichi-kiatsu no moto de toke-tsutsu aru® kori (2) Ichi-kiatsu no moto de futto shi-tsutsu aru® mizu no ue no sui-joki uo ondo 0, sorezore rei-do (hydten), hyaku-do (mizu no futten) to kimeru. KonoLESSON 11 135 toki no suigin no jotan no ichi o rei, hyaku to suru. Rei, hyaku no aida o hyaku-tobun shi, sara ni rei ika, hyaku ijo mo onaji wariai de kizamu. Kono yo ni shite sadameta® ondo-memori » G memori to yobu. Suigin no kawari ni sckiyu tteru o mochi-ita ondo-kel mo ari, mainasu sanjt do kara nihyaku-do gurai no aida de tsukawareru. Kono toki, rei-do to hyaku-do igai de wa ondo no shido ni soi ga okoru ga, sono sa wa chiisai. Torudru o ireta ondo-kei de wa, mainasu kyjti-do gurai made no hikui ondo ga hakara- reru. THE LAW OF THE CONSERVATION OF ENERGY When work is done on a Lody in the absence of friction and resistance, that body receives (an amout of) mechanical energy exactly equal to the work, When friction and resistance are present, the increase in mechanical energy is less than the amount of work performed, but the temperature of the parts subjected to friction rises significantly. For example, when we press a knife against a rotating grindstone, sparks fly off, and when we apply the brakes to stop a car, the wheels and the brakes become hot. Thus, the way to raise the temperature of a body is not limited only to the influx of heat from a high temperature object. Temperature can also be raised by means of work. In order to show that the rise in temperature due to the influx of heat is equal to the temperature rise which accurs due ta work, ie. ta a change in mechani- cal energy, various experiments were performed by Joule. Figure | is a sketch of the apparatus used in the experiments. Spool A revolves due to the falling of the two weights M pulled by gravity, and the paddle wheel G in the vessel filled with water rotates and stirs the water. The motion of the water is stopped by striking against the blades fixed to the inner surface of the container and, as the weights fall, the temperature of the water rises. It was shown by these experiments that the relation WalQ ay holds between the work pertormed by gravity on the weights, 1. e, the decrease in potential energy W of the weights, and the amount of heat Q required to raise the temperature of the water. Various other experiments were done and the value of J for every case was constant, that value being J~A.2 joules/cal. Q This is called the mechanical equivalent of heat. Because J is always constant, we may consider W and Q to be numerical values of the same quantity meas- ured by different scales. Consequently. we conclude that heat is an energy which flows from a high temperature body to a low temperature body. This is “thermal136 Comprehending Technical Japanese energy.” If heat flows into a body, the energy of that body increases. As we will learn later, this energy is thought of as the sum total of the mechanical energy possessed by the molecules which coustitute the body. This energy is called the internal energy of the body. If the internal energy of a body increases without a change of state, the temperature of the body rises, and if the internal energy of the body decreases, the temperature drops. If we consider collectively the weights, paddle wheel, and water in the container in Joule's experiments, then, since the decrease in the potential energy of the weights W can be thought of as having become the increase in the internal ener- gy of the water, the sum of the internal and mechanical energy throughout the experiment will not have changed. In other words, if we consider together the mechanical and internal energies which an isolated system possesses, then in cases of change in its state, the total amount of energy will always he maintained constant. This is called the law of the conservation of energy and is one of the most fundamental laws in physics. THERMOMETERS Temperature is the quantitative expression of warmth and coldness. There are various kinds of thermometers which measure temperature, but the mercury ther- mometer is ordinarily used. It utilizes the property that the volume of mercury changes according to warmth and coldness, and it consists of mercury inserted into a fine glass tube from which the air has been removed. In order to make a temperature scale, two standard points are first fixed; the temperature of melting ice at 1 atmosphere pressure and that of steam above boiling water at 1 atmosphere pressure are set respectively at 0° (the ice point) and 100° (the boiling point of water), The positions of the upper end of the mercury for these cases are made 0 and 100. The space hetween 0 and 100 is divided into a hundred equal parts, and those regions below 0 and above 100 are further marked off in the same proportions, The temperature scaie determined in this way is called the Centigrade scale. ‘There is also a thermometer which employs petroleum ether in place of mer- cury and which is used in the range from —30°C to about 200°C. In this case discrepancies arise for temperature readings other than those at 0°C and 100°C, but the differences are small. With thermometers filled with toluene low temper atures can he measured to ahont—90°C. EXPLANATORY NOTES (1) agaru, ageru Note that agaru is intransitive and means “to rise”,LESSON 11 137 whereas ageru is transitive and means “to raise.” Cor- respondingly, sagaru (#86) is intransitive, mean- ing “to descend,” “to hang down”, whereas sageru CF BZ) is tram comments on -aru, -eru verb pairs, see Explanatory Notes of Lesson 13. (2) atsui Note that “hot” may be translated by #t0 (atsui) or by 2% (atsui); the latter is used only for describing hot weather. Note that a homonym jv» (atsui) —used in Lesson 10—seaus “thick”. (3) koon no buttai kara “The heat from a high-temperature body.” The no no netsu serves to indicate that kon no buttai kara modifics netsu. Other examples of the juxtaposition of two particles are: Kyoto de no kaigi A conference in Kyéto Shiti to no netsu-kokan Heat exchange with the surroundings Kenkyit-jo ¢ no doro The road to the research center (4) kangaete yoi The-te yoi construction can usually be translated by “may”. The following comparison of several related constructions should he helpful for future reference with verbs other than kangaeru. Kono jikken de wa garasukan 0 In this experiment, a) tukawanakereba naranai a) you must use b) tsukau to yoi b) you had better use* | ) tsukacba yoi c) it is advisable to usc** | d) tsukatte yoi d) you may use*** vue fo glass e) tsukatte mé yoi ) you may use (if necessary) | tube f) tsukawanakute yoi f) you need not use | ) g) tsukatte wa ikenai g) you must not use ie, if you want to get good experimental results ie, glass is quite adequate for the experiment *** i.e, it makes no difference, really, whether you use glass or copper ***4i,e, if you can't find the proper copper tubing and end up having to use glass, then use it! (5) kono enerngii wa buttai...iru modifies bunshi, which in turn is the le aru subject of molsu; bunshi no motsu=hunshi ga motsw “which the molecules have”. (© atatakasa, tsumetasa These are nouns formed from the corresponding ad-13% ¢ 8 Comprehending Technical Japanese jectives atatakai (“warm”) and tsumetai (“cold”). Tn previous lessons we have encountered hayasa, takasa, omosa, okisa, and atsusa (“thickness”) similarly formed, ) isumeial vs. samui Both cowmeiui (evs) aud sumut (v4) anean cold, the latter refers primarily to the weather. Tsumetai would be used in referring to a cold wind, cold water, iced tea, etc.; it is used to indicate the individual's perception of coldness. (8) toke-tsutsu aru: “which is melting”and “which is boiling”; these are futto-shi-tsutsu aru literary forms which correspond to the present pro- gressive forms lokele iru and fultd shite iru used in the spoken language. The suffix-tsu/su sometimes has the same meaning as -nagara, indicating the simultancous occurence of two actions: Netsu-rikigakn no dai-ichi_ Reactions proceed spantaneous- hdsoku o manzoku shi- ly, and at the same time sat- tsutsu, shizen ni hanno ga isfy the first law of thermo- okoru. dynamics. (9) sadamaru, sadameru Sudumaru means “lu Le decided, to Le determined,” see whereas sadameru means “to decide, to determine.” Hence kono yd ni shite sadameta ondo-memori is “the tem- CONSTRUCTION EXAMPLES CBRL T “in the case of...” “on the occasion of...”, “at the time of...” 2 RRS RO IERIDRL COBBLE Flo fen nts DME ICR LC ith it OMNI RE XH, 2 lke n ASEH ML CEH RES tin hm 2 HUB elo BD LIEL 2 BHAI CARER ROBY x o0td 3, AUILHKM ——_sogo-kakusan counter diffusion ERA ——kyoshi-teki na macroscopic HB tairyt convection BRT katei suru to suppose, postulate He kaikai the opening of a meeting KREBR taikai-iin-cho chairman of the conven- tion committee brio aisatsu introductionLESSON 11 139 Iconc | “with...” “as...” 1 FU Fe Malt BP RMA IO (DM) ICOWTT VAM ha TKS 2 BPFH R CE, SEROMA ON CHE DMAT 3, ~#3iU-C | “thronghont....” “throngh...” 1 Aloo apa a ai-c Hear BL aciit tho te, 2 MEOHRROMREMU CHHROMA—-ECSHS, SHR zen-kikan entire duration US ijo abnormality; anything unusual AS mi-idasu to discover spassing through.u? “by means of’ 1. Phi b BAe iL TAMORAICEA SiR 2 AO ICEL CH Be o| RN, REMC MRICH ERITH CES BAS tsutaeru to wansmit transfer RS hipparu to pull SUPPLEMENTARY READINGS A. Selections from Rikagaku Jiten 1) bot kiwamete very Hie seimitsu na precise, exact BRIS kOan suru to devise, design =a niji-kan annular tube eee saikan narrow tube HERAT --to narabete side by side with... ® yaku approximately ah han’i extent, limit, range HRS memoru to mark off (a scale), graduate Ayo sukéru scale eT S setsuzoku suru to connect, join ASS shiyd suru to use BRABS to P AICTE sakasa ni suru to turn upside down.140 Comprehending Technical Japanese BEC te i ~Cice Ltab ict} FEMxH4 cae Faw WE CES fh karuku furu wekiryd wo Q ni oku yo ni shite kara ni suru seiritsn saseru reiten nozomi no chosei dekiru fukin No oy tat lightly to shake suitable amount P a to cause..., bring about... to set upright zero point desired can adjust, regulate neighborhood (2RJ 1230) AILS REO Eko & by CHTADEICH Ob SMO kD ARO WHEE C, E.O. Beckinaun BERL ke HABA DUBIN, 1-Zem? C5 ORME IAEA, BLM CABO 4 OIE & bw Tall, Ate hb <8, foram Peceo cis 0ices RELA. CHEOMM ORL By eu—of ted BEF NIL DICK Be B. bib wareware no our Ba keiken. experience CIES < seni motozuku to be based on..., to be founded PIED yahari also a kotogara circumstance, situation Sh Oh kotonatta different feet sesshoku saseru to put in contact KBD ushinau to lose 15 taho the other ELDCHS (--- Ck CHS) sstokoro de aru is what... EIR izen as it was before BESS manzoku suri to satisfy ICI OCHS .-ni mukatte nagareru to flow towards... (CRE kagaku-shu chemical species Awic shizen ni naturally, spontaneously Bai hand reaction, FERRO) hatsunetsu (no) exothermic {ho ta no other FS © to pr PAD heikd no equilibriumHEED) CB) arate mid BLD ma OR HIS BRA URI 2H RATS BAD RKO ae Rerct RTS ICHMT S ae % FIED S Heb ee aK RE Bic HET we Bey i thio, wey fH 06 TER CH) TRE suishin-ryoku (fu) kagyaku-teki gyaku ni suru ku no kaeru seigen ya suru ichi-scibun-nisd-kei mushi suru omori mu-gendai no yoryo koon-s6 gyéshuku suru ni sdtd suru shiii kei seishi suru koka kytsh suru johatsu suru moto no...ni modoru saikuru kanketsw surat tori-dasu mattaku joken sara ni shigoto 0 nasu yuko michibiki-dasu junkan.. nanra tasuke kariru shoul uo (fu) kan LESSON 11 143 driving force (ix) reversible to reverse many to convert limit to have vapor 1-component-2-phase system to disregard a weight infinitely great capacity constant temperature reservoir to condense to correspond to... surroundings system to rest, stand still fail, lowering to absorb to vaporize to return to the original... cycle to complete to remove completely, perfectly conditions still more to perform work available to deduce cyclical... any aid, help, assistance to borrow nei (im) possible144 Comprehending Technical Japanese RISE BRAY (N 49-50) ERLE 5 Dik DN DNOBMICED 6 OTH SH, TORIC D Fe AMMED 2 COHEEMBE LS &, AAMICHIA DIMICBEL, MeaBat Fico RARE, (SHRINE RARE ILIEEL S23, COIL o RAHN RHICHELE eH 5 CER HLT 6 & C5 CH 605, DLC Raila b Bilt CHAALL TS, Sen #—w-E che MORE anc 22k bo Litto c, COR RMEHEL 22, ebicAKicwc skibicaw cil, §9— PORNO BY LOWED 6 4 ARR AIDIC oT. thoteeae ines 6 RE, akicstonc 2 hint karceics Avi wikis 3, tabs, RUMPRORMICKS £ ICAI Co she, CONES 6 AOU DEATHS. Hicasc 4 # skit, paltienickoceey, colisen owe oe ee tee, RHE 2 exc, Wicd 5 Hien ema e Bn DAVE RELAGAHZOGMEMICTA LECH A, “elbow seo CHASE, BL OMMRA DER R MICRA Se LHCE SH, MEILHICHA SID CH, SOMBNDS, LL, LIvieoes CEB PASNEMEDINTER., HAI, PRIOR CARYRAT EY IVE Hic, Nowe, Zo Ris UND. Lab, Cabvota ankles, AOKICDEGNTHSE HED, MORMELBA. Cod, COmaHE, KBD sito RiRlibicet<, CA PADDR CNA SL, FRA CAEL HEED, HRA EMEP OCHA 6 Aa, Rbk GR DIV, CARY IRM th CREA. TOT REATHER AY OME FICE AHMAR SICHIC AR AT EA CES, KICUAbYOLOBY De, ROMMEL DMMRDCTDE TSE, MIE, OMI DAB CHGEL CA py A EOIIBICG LD, 44 7 eRTS. C D7 axATCH, KALLE ABMABWIOT BEAT, RhOMOMANEBQER A BL, COMIELA hy BEOIWBIC BH 8 HICH ENS, COM, BORO K-C, MEGRICHHICHADNSTLERL TOS A, HE (CHI C ERI 7D eA CHICHATRLLHL, KOS RA CRB L Rite BRASLamb, +t TVHIC I LAME OIC TREC RCH, LOWS LC, BoMIMeH ens, Feds, SSHRC KRUMAMT BEAT, METRICEHICHAS CLICHE SH, TR CALLS, ReLESSON 11 145 ahi af tects Ane Bec ERO AEM ne BRAC Be Hotikt-lOM Ah OEM RBS, Yticon ees OW-CHi Lele Fo CHG, Mik ews OMORRCHLCHHELAGHEA DE. CONE BES PEFORBC, MMB SA. THICK o CHS) RE BRERICE Re RUICIEATS CECE Re FHC, MET CORMEMT 6 RO CMERAT 2. BORED CH, P< DTD RHE MELE IMkeg/mm* BNE DIATE % & > PHBL ITN x HCHRERFTS. LOS, COLS AMET ERAP RALAD, BETA BA CHLL AD CRIT SOC, LOH LI AICHE IMA SBTAL S. LECH UC, MICH. OM DUR oT, CONCEAL Ce 8 IE (elt lubricating bearing) Hk (Hlobhd, MORRIE S +, MBO RwIC, Kos Di BRREL ACRA SHED LAD, WET ICM Cr BHICL IML TS Bo ME BARI L SLORY Y COPAEAT COS. MORRIE ES & WED N55 T. HIEERKOPAD LS, COC EOE 5 RIE BOMETS CERCES, thhb, METAR 9 ABH eeeweAn, servicers GID, we nWEsrse WHATS BS, EOP ANE ERY Po CK SCE MAS. AUS J it WI ASEH CHAE ANB OICREMPRD SB, TOBE, — WEIL RT AED DBERO EO CKABANTHEOC, MEDE SRARRRL THE GRY. H1B3818 . | os | ond Be eno] hacen 4 | toe | TA i 758 | GYAKU ° | 1169 | Gi) a 495 | saka (rau) | 283 | TETSU 459 | TA K Fie 3a He eels 303 | HATSU Hh se 206 | SHIN fi | festa my En 782 oo mab | JO Fae | rot # 3008 | koto (naru) 3a | YO & | READING SELECTIONS. (2) BEE (netsu) bocho (thermal) expansion BRO oku no many, a number of Iitot seni shitagatte eeu Ea tetsu iron my soto rather, fairly #iLw ichijirushii noticeable oe tekkyo iron bridge a ryotan, both ends RE kansho heat and cold, temperature148 Comprohending Technical Japanese x sa difference, variation ake letsuzai iron (material) BRUSHED, nobi chijimi expansion and contraction ae nce (for) cS bo CkIC .goto ni each..., at an interval of... RUS nobiru to expand ROARS sen-bocho-ritsu coefficient of linear expansion At mokuzai wood (material) ees tate to yoko to de longitudinally and transversely eh (EH) kesshi (jiku) crystal (axis) RAS kotonaru to be dissimilar, unlike LATS josho suru to rise aeeU kakuhen every edge; every side SRE tai-bocho-ritsu coefficient of volume expansion Bic ichiyo ni uniformly Oo RwHE (B 115-117) AME Tih LICE F, & C OBIAY EER La 8 ICH 5 CRASS, KANYE LoMwRemto<, Kom LamELT?, REO omices CO OO HA” ar SAME RECS. HELICES RANE HEI? RUB ICE TNE WE, CODE EDO SPRL IMCOLEDESEI ESSE, WER L 1 ONY CHELMS CLIC, MEPCOL FORE CH SME aR, wns Q) REND, CHEMWRRL AS, LARS T, U=l f+a@—d} @ ERB. TRY aie He CNIS CB. Ete. ALOR REID TIAICE oC, HEEL BERS CERHSONC, (OHS HAIC Eo CHS. BELT son, Moe MAME SZ OCHRLBETZ, WEPCOL ED WRC 0° COL SOBRE Y ES, BEML ES Ce cH COe FickLESSON 12 149 ACH 6G #AWHRK LE A BRET, THOS, =o, ABs v=vlleae'—p} @) SFC ERIC AE 3 FA CHE 53a @) DER RD S. tea EM) dannetsu (henka) adiabatic (change) AHO IC kyti(geki) ni quickly WETS asshukn suru to compress né nuku to pull out, draw out HLS oshi-sageru to push down, depress a netsu-yoryS heat capacity veo tavle ippai ni as much as possible eLce sashi-komu to thrust in mt hanasu to release a soto outside, surroundings WS nigeru to escape ic, gyaku ni on the contrary, conversely Hes gaibu surroundings HAD de-iti going in aud out; exchange Wreet = (B 128-129) KS ERE ARICERL 0, WHRSERVTS 2, LOMERLSRDSD, KO ESICL CHA TALS. 12) MOEAYELOFCMntH.®, coer ERTS. COLE, Cémprs, 2) MHEARYRVoBUICALTA CEC, ERRYERICHL THOMMES ICBARSUSL, TOWEAKEP AS, LOKI, ROSE ESIC CRE RMICERITS £, TOBWIEID, WIC RAB: MUCMAR 22 6 2, HEAPS, SICIHS e DRICMOHAD POR THEOIM EC TAME) bite, ZOTIERERBOMBA TWAMEHI, BARDS THAI] £156 TOL FICMOMADBAOLIICLT, HhO(ILFEMASE, TO{ULHIWKON BEALE -OMMCESOT, WOMENS 5. Eh, WSDINCLHET SB PEAT FE Ch OBR BROAN EMS, WELL ke ADJ & vill150 Comprehending Technical Japanese BICIAB= FILA BVT 1 CURIE DT 056 0 BVI AHA Karund saikuru Carnot cycle ft, ta no... another... RS heru to pass through we futatabi again, once more BED (EM) moto no original HBS kaeru to return ER junkan cyele (eae junkan-katei cyclical process WETS shuppatsu suru to depart, start ON) Ay (fu) kagyaku-teki (ir) reversible BRIS kyUshu suru to absorb Beto hdshutsu suru to release, discharge CBR seute kita has come to be... Rds owaru to end RECH S fuhen de aru to he unchanged seni yori according to... netsugen. heat reservoir (netsu) kikan (heat) engine yUko ua effective efficiency here, translate as“steam”) Aw nainen internal combustion rive naigai about, approximately Bla ete an ibd DOWN (BOWERS, BES tos 0% 1 73H KMRL 05, VEMOESICABE DO eH AOWIE T PLE T, ( SABRIC BIA AABIRIAIRIDY RIAL Dba vay AOBHICKRSFBOHR-MIC OA THK OMREME 9 feo RATERS ¢ ICA. CHRIIOSHIAL fee HESS “HB (koyu) shindo-su (characteristic) frequency chikazuku lo approachLRSSON 12 157 CIC | “each...” “at an interval of...” Le HEHE C ECU CARE OS SD aA 84S HE) EME 50 2 —EAMOAAOEN, WHE U LS TEI UC Me RORY 1/2 Fo Ht So <0mAF — kurikaesu to repeat 4Cie-+c | “compared to... 1 SHC ROPER AE ORICA TH a A, 2 DTT ORE ek, eg | “without... -ing? L REOENSE BLES, BEMA CHES LORE OD AE EEL E 5, 2 BATHSRKEAME OHICMEMAD RT, RALEMTS CL EMAL Meo Sate. to. (GEFE) Leas (telatsu) hinetsu specific heat (at constant pressure) HAD AES — deiri saseru Wo perinit exchange cS | (sce Explanatory Note No. 4) 1. REO LICH A Ch SIEM EMET 2 ADOLOTHS, 2. HRSRMEDN Cea AHL D1 -CHME HI —HRIC A B DICH A THB. 3. Yn KA OSA CHE BLAME T EO KO ICL TCHS eae jikken-dai ie FE chésoku-ki laboratory bench governor (Literally :control- speed-device) it is pianned it is arranged xno a ER DL, POE V OIC KCN E Lb THE 7 Uy Pag hk Fey bbwe5, RMAVICWILE A CREM DICE, Re, HH YONCE DICT PNT EDTMEE AR TRY TERS, By bE OME neachotie OP ame psec aces, Tosi coe ORT RAWEAOC, Bim wekotveee le cvs, HeobS. 2) PrBbITe sadB-ryitai working fluid Ae jishin itself ab fukumu to include Ri kita cylinder w hen valve DIVO kuranku crank fe kiko mechanism te BE ofuku reciprocating Hey sasu to indicate HK hdshiki method DMEF bunrui suru to classify BATE kytnyt suru to take in, suck in EURTE denki-hibana electric spark tenka suru to ignite funsha suru to inject kyuhai-ki intake and exhaust of gases kotei stroke kanry6 suru to complete jaya; keiyu heavy oil; light oil iwayuru so-called Diizern Diesel ONts Otto bariki horsepower shite sumu can get by with doing tokucho strong point, merit160 Comprehending Technical Japanese Re VIRABERE (2RJ 979) PROMO, (EHH AIC ae be ANI, Petite Gk 4 Bones RRL 2 Bie x aw R DEARMIL 5, HA F-EVORS AMSA E sce eden, haem #8, Tex by wee ay 7h LONE 6 OTE RRIDE HET. RB ae & 0 ai aux eR HA e Oa inset e RICA, FEL, HeukiEce KURA ee KiERO, BER RRICHA, FeML., Zoic HR ei L-CORME se ae facie ae 3, WbRomticx pokitnH, 7 oy 2tiD—BIk, Ex EY 2 GRC PAVRTTS 29 (7AM, 777 HD BIR, CA bo ati CUNT WRT T8401 7 VRE 6. HEBEL, (RO 8 O eR PHO ONSOCMMEBE MOdNSA, GKOPOREMAM DONA, MEERA RBC, WEDEF 4 eH ABIES CHS, HE OHOK yn HEUL Bob y bt 7 ICS, PUAIRDTA ERB LIC < fo -<- CANA < , 15109 ie DOMES RBLG DS CHUE SND 5, 3) See isei isomerism BER bunshi-shiki molecular formula eer kago-butsu chemical compound FE i i isomers ik Se vrgauic; inviganic Hea structural formula SEALE rittai-haichi spatial configuration WO Re rittai-isei stereoisomerism AE SEE kika-isei geometrical isomerism aoe kaiten-isei rotational isomerism kogaku-isei optical isomerism KN aibetsu suru to classify broadly % te GRJ 76) DP FR CR ENT I HEED Me BCAMTERT 2 Cb REE ate, Rie ont nsivawentiee 5, HBMLat cl, aR 2 BEER, BEX SHERRIE -S Bat REO MERU OI te Z MSR BGI IRI, Bau, YAR #) Zickbieas, 4) BIG takei polymorphism ALR sosei composition, constitution ith GE) kessho (kei) crystal (shape)LESSON 12 161 nikei, sankei dimorphism, trimorphism koto ni suru to be dissimilar gen’in source, cause omo ni chiefly ken conditions KA ES shikai sareru to be influenced b SIGE takei-kan between polymorphic substances PUTA RHA gurafaiter graphite-diamand transition EY Fina daiyamondo ten'i AH ANIC honshitsu-teki ni essentially HE sekiei quartz ALRBIGR haichi-kankei configurational relationship se ite taishd-sei symmetry % HRI 785) H-OLMME > BAM, Ke SNE Ob, Re SAE RIS, Ele BEOBRERTSOEBE DI, COMIC Lo Tilt =H EE 9. aI eH ceameEicme, HATHA, OR AOMEEN, MEA} oc OMS NS, SUMORBICRI FZ r 1b PIV EY FRBOS 5 ICME EAB MIC DRL, (BR RETRRBO & 5 ICRI bd FICHE ON PRINT aS BCT 5 EBL HDS. 5) RES shinshuku suru to expand and contract ‘eae tate-shindd longitudinal vibration ALD nejire-shindo torsional vibration BOs yoko-hoko transverse direction eb lawamu tu beud ‘URED yoko-shinds transverse vibration Bote massugu na straight HV TR Yangu-ritsu Young's modulus pak chi-o center ORB (RJ 1281) SEARO TT Te 9 RANCHI LICHT 4 BEARD, RO EO Ot Laview, ek Ob ENC bebe TORIC TH, MORSE 1, ME Ea vv PRE EET, MRBORMBE og= “OS VE/P OW CHdDENS. TL162 Comprehending Technical Japanese CM, EMME OBE Mp=S; AGE, TIMMS M y= 29-1; —FTE, HE hOBAcie M.-S- 3 CBS. (S-1,2,3...) Be tr heiko equilibrium es junsui na pure DIR nomi only... FRSERA johatsu-netsu heat of vaporization Enik sore yue therefore ICME L BBB ni taishi memotta plotted versus... keisha slope motomaru is obtained han’i range yori(seikaku na) more (accuraie) HUGEMEICe S — ckitaioheikan-chinitoru to take the liquid (and put it) into the closed tube BRS nozoku to remove Efi DIC L = RL TORROWRS SUBIC L, or MRL TOMAOF-B OLBESL, sIFR cecni suru to canse..., bring abont, sHRAVIU: LHF ..seiteki-hoho to...dBteki- there is a static method in BE BS Oho to ga aru which...and a dynamic method in which... Be Bet zeusha...kOsha the former...the latter RAI daihy6-teki na representative jisshi execution yoi easy, not difficult kign apparatus torappu trap furasuko flask yuki-kago-butsu organic compounds aseion aveivue kurorohorumu chloroform benzen benzene Juan arukoru alcohol Was (ee shi-enka-tanso carbon tetrachloride MAT kumi-tate assembly BAEZ 7AS edatsuki-furasuko distilling flask (Lit. a branched flask) RO bun'eki-rot0 separatory funnel FSi katan lower endMILES ERD woe Ce RTS Tabet 7ImA TARR Be PALS + BAC Wi i] ET 3 CRS EWIREIC feric Ai ie 1K ETS AE BIELTLES saiku o suru kytbu gize shiharn setsuzoku suru suri-awase bubun guriisu keiso jushi suiry: ponpu haiki sun toyiru;hiraku more yaku hochi suru dekiru dake teiatsu ni jojo ni nino teki soko tekika suru suiyoku johatsu shite shimau chosetsn suru yomi kiroku suru mosai-kan kanetsu suru kuri-kaesu veni tassura kondo wa chiti enkatsu ni yasuri mizo eda LESSON 12 163 to make bulb gauze to tie, fasten to connect, join adjoining moving parts (parts which rub each other) grease silicon, resin tap aspirator to exhaust to close;to open leak approximately to leave as it is at as low a pressure as possible slowly, gradually cloth drop bottom to drip water bath to vaporize completely (Sce Explanatory Note 1, Les- son 15) to adjust, regulate reading to record capillary wube to heat (up) to repeat to reacl this time precaution, NB. smoothly a file groove sidearm164 Comprehending Technical Japanese mete renketsu suru to connect EP joge above and below ie kimitsu air-tight +r jitbun thor HESS chi suru to be careful HORAELD ME (BKJ 104-106) Hse FHICS 3 MNOENY LOMMORMILL ov, BPR CREED ZI & Cb 615, BRIGHT REE ONC ORWLIC 6 AOE 29 8IL8. ROR RELREZBECHETHH, 4 OWANRBM LIAKKCTA DNS. “CP = DHBRT! eli, logP & 1/TCK) Cit L Bilis ROB LIKKS. (L telaleic kot BIMEFS doo TOI MRR CITRIC Hb Meo, BERIE 2 WIE E OND 9 TERR BRRIC BUL CHEEDT, WER UE CORTFORE DER HMICHOD TC, TENT T ZEA, RRLEB IC Ba ld IME ICH ATSIIN Me DIED S ETB AES oo jon jon genshi-dan group of atomsPHEW KS AIC 44716 WARE HER Bk SITTER cee NCB RN CHRTS BYE ad DFAY Bt ry TI-¥ i aa try (Note that the pair LESSON 14 199 chusei no neutral ushinau to lose kajo ni in excess d dissociation ion-ka ionization denki-soryd elementary charge seisu-bai integral multiple imi meaning Girishia-go Greek kotoba word .ni chinande meimei suru to name after... kasodo cathode inkyoku cathode kachion cation yo-ion cation anddo anode yokyoku anode anion anion in-ion anion of characters f& and ff used to represent negative and positive, are the characters used in Taoism for dark and bright, feminine and masculine, i. e. the opposite forces found in the world.) 4 + v GRJ 69) Hie OMT RAUMTL GELED) tay ews, MORES RARE BIBEREMMORLEES D, DSVGMMCHLAUCETS BOT, COLI METH AVICH ST LEA AVIEE RARELY S. FY OSORRERERREO Bec (ExARw) icBLo, 77 se aay ebsoiw, MHC) Eno EO HDT THOCEICBAA HEL, SbICA7— F (BM) Keim SERED ay eneay Gtr), 17-¥ GM Cams ammo rvETeay Gtr Y) REM. 4) BNET mH Belk Fate ale RRR O REA, yd-jikan induction time hanno-butsu reactant sesshoku contact, kaishi beginning shigeki stimulus jikan no keika lapse of time