इंटरनेट मानक

Disclosure to Promote the Right To Information

Whereas the Parliament of India has set out to provide a practical regime of right to
information for citizens to secure access to information under the control of public authorities,
in order to promote transparency and accountability in the working of every public authority,
and whereas the attached publication of the Bureau of Indian Standards is of particular interest
to the public, particularly disadvantaged communities and those engaged in the pursuit of
education and knowledge, the attached public safety standard is made available to promote the
timely dissemination of this information in an accurate manner to the public.

“जान1 का अ+धकार, जी1 का अ+धकार” “प0रा1 को छोड न' 5 तरफ”

Mazdoor Kisan Shakti Sangathan Jawaharlal Nehru
“The Right to Information, The Right to Live” “Step Out From the Old to the New”

IS 5228 (2003): Continuous Movement Monocable Ropeways with

Fixed Grips Intended for Transportation of Passengers -
Code of Practice for Construction [MED 6: Continuous Bulk
Conveying, Elevating, Hoisting Aerial Ropeways and Related
Equipment]

“!ान $ एक न' भारत का +नम-ण”

Satyanarayan Gangaram Pitroda
“Invent a New India Using Knowledge”

“!ान एक ऐसा खजाना > जो कभी च0राया नहB जा सकता ह”

है”
ह
Bhartṛhari—Nītiśatakam
“Knowledge is such a treasure which cannot be stolen”
 IS 5228:2003

Indian Standard
CONTINUOUS MOVEMENT MONOCABLE
ROPEWAYS WITH FIXED GRIPS INTENDED
FOR TRANSPORTATION OF PASSENGERS —
CODE OF PRACTICE FOR CONSTRUCTION
(First Revision )

ICS 45: 100; 77.140.65

Cl BIS 2003

BUREAU OF INDIAN STANDARDS

MANAK BHAVAN, 9 BAHADUR SHAH ZAFAR MARG
NEW DELHI 110002

March 2003 Price Group 4

Continuous Bulk Conveying, blevating, Hoisting, Aerial Ropeways and Related Equipment Sectional Committee,
ME 06

FOREWORD

This Indian Standard ( First Revision) was adopted by the Bureau of Indian Standards, after the draft finalized by
the Continuous Bulk Conveying, Elevating, Hoisting, Aerial Ropeways and Related Equipment Sectional Committee
had been approved by the Mechanical Engineering Division Council.

This standard was first published in 1969. This revision has been undertaken to incorporate modifications based
on the technology being followed in the country.

An aerial ropeway is a special form of transportation system where passengers/materials are carried above the
ground. A ropeway uses a tensioned wire rope supported above the ground. Aerial ropeways are particularly
useful in regions where the facility in surmounting natural barriers gives them a great advantage over railways or
roads, both of which may need the heavy .civil engineering work to secure easy gradient. They are inexpensive to
maintain; their power demand is modest and they are not seriously affected by adverse climatic conditions.

There are two main types of aerial ropeways: monocable and bicable. The choice of a particular type depends
upon the length and topography of the route, the type and intensity of the traffic, and in many cases, the relative
inaccessibility of the site. The monocable ropeway consists of an endless loop of rope which is maintained in
continuous circulation by a grooved-driving sheave at one end of the rope and kept under tension by a counter-
weight wheel at the other end. Tension is necessary, not only to keep the rope clear off the ground when it is
carrying traffic, but also to prevent it from slipping on the driving sheave. Between the two ends of the route the
outward and return parts of the rope are supported on pulleys carried on trestles. These are positioned so as to
ease gradients and also maintain ground clearance where the profile is regular. In the type ofmonocable ropeways
covered by this code there is a continuous-movement carrying-hauling rope to which vehicles are attached by
means of fixed grips. The vehicle consists of a hanger which holds a chair with one or two seats ( chair lifts ) or of
a cabin with one or two seats ( cabin lifts ). Usually, passengers board and leave the vehicles in the station while
the vehicles are in motion.

A list of related standards has been given in Annex A for information.

In the preparation of this standard, considerable assistance has been derived from Cahier No. 2 Recommendations
Techniques pour la Construction Des Telepheriques Monocables a Mouvement Continue Destines au
Transport Public de Personnel, lere Parties — Installations avec Vehicules Fixes a Demeure au Cable — 1961
[ ( Technical recommendations for the construction of continuous movement monocable ropeways for the public
transport of passengers, first part — Installations in which the vehicles are. attached to cable by means of fixed
grips — 1961 ), issued by 1 Organization lnternationale des Transports a Cable ( International Organization for
Aerial Ropeways Transport) ( OITAF ) ].
 IS 5228:2003

Indian Standard
CONTINUOUS MOVEMENT MONOCABLE
ROPEWAYS WITH FIXED GRIPS INTENDED
FOR TRANSPORTATION OF PASSENGERS —
CODE OF PRACTICE FOR CONSTRUCTION
(First Revision )
1 SCOPE the path of the travel may be permitted as regards
supporting trestles provided that the minimum
1.1 This standard covers the construction of
load on the roller train satisfies the requirements
continuous movement monocable ropeways with fixed
of 3.5.1 but with a minimum load of 200 kgf, and that
grips intended for the transportation of passengers.
the angle of deflection daes not exceed 30 min
1.1.1 Nothing in this standard is intended to (0.9 percent ) per trestle.
contravene any provisions of the statutory regulations
3.2.2 The profile of the terrain chosen for constructing
wherever they are in force.
the installation and that of the line shall be as regular
2 TERMINOLOGY as possible. Such profile shall allow, in the event of
rescue of passengers, their unloading by normal means
For the purpose of this standard, the following in order to ensure their safe descent to earth as well
definitions shall apply, as easy access by foot to the departure station for
the passengers getting down to earth.
2.1 Ropeway
3.2.3 The maximum slope of the loaded rope ( that is,
The system of overhead ropes on which carriers are
the load is uniformly distributed adjoining the rope
used for the purpose of [Link] passengers, animals
itself ) shall not exceed 100 percent.
or goods and includes trestles, ropes, carrier, stations,
offices, machinery and other works used for the 3.2.4 The vehicles must be capable of passing over
purpose of or in connection with such aerial ropeway. the trestles even in presence of inward and outward
oscillation of 0.3 radian without contact with tower
2.2 Inspecting Authority
structure.
Duly authorized representative of the purchaser or
3.2.5 In order to ensure the free movement of
any other competent authority recognized by the
passengers and personnel in the station, the side
statutory regulations to inspect the aerial ropeways
clearance between the space occupied by a vehicle
installation and determine its acceptability or otherwise,
and fixed obstacles belonging to the installation shall
on the basis of this standard.
not be less than 0.40 m measured towards the interior
3 GENERAL DESIGN of the line. Such clearance shall be 0.5 m measured
towards the outside of the line. In case there are no
3.1 Rules for the Construction of InstaHations guides for vehicles, such clearance shall be maintained
even when the vehicle is inclined transversally
3.1. I Each part of the ropeway equipment shall be
at 12°.
correctly designed and constructed. The quality of
the materials to be used for its construction shall be 3.2.6 Along the line the distance between the two
carefully chosen. paths of travel of the carrying-hauling rope shall be
such as to ensure a clearance ofat least 0.5 m between
3.1.2 On the request of the supervising authorities
vehicles swung by 12° towards one another. Such
or the purchaser, a certificate of a recognized testing
clearance shall be required for spans having a length
laboratory shall be supplied by the constructor as
of not more than 200 m. For longer spans; the clearance
regards the characteristics of al] material used and
shall be increased by 0.20 m for each additional
essential to the safety of the installation.
100 m or fraction thereof.
3.2 Route and Profile of the Line
3.2.7 A minimum clearance of O.30 m between the space
3.2.1 As a rule, the axis of the line in its plan position occupied by a loaded vehicle swung longitudinally
shall be straight. However, horizontal deflections of by 15° and obstacles lying on the vertical longitudinal
IS 5228:2003

plane, shall ‘be ensured either along the line or in the 3.4.4 The area at disposal of each standing passenger
stat ions. shall be at least 0.22 m2.

3.2.8 The maximum height of the lowest portion of 3.5 Rope Guiding
the vehicle from the ground, measured in the most
unfavorable conditions, shall not be more than 8 m. 3.5.1 The load exerted by the carrying-hauling rope
However, if the height above ground is more than orI each supporting roller shall be not less than
25 m and such length is less than 20 percent of total 35 kgf. However, the total load on each supporting
ropeway, installation of chair will be allowed if a roller train shall not be less than the value in kgf equal
suitable designed m-id approved rescue cable to the length in metres of the spans adjoining the trestle
pathway is provided below the chair where the vertical under consideration and in no case less than 140 kgf.
distance from cable path to underside of the chair is This minimum load shall be respected under even the
kept within 25 m. most unfavorable load conditions of the line and
considering also effects due to starting and braking.
3.2.9 The minimum vertical clearance between the
space occupied by a vehicle and the terrain lying below [Link] In case a trestle of the supporting type has
with obstacles existing over it, such as trees, rocks, its top under the straight line which links the top of
snow drifts, etc, referred to the lowest outline of the the adjoining trestles, the load exerted by the rope
vehicle shape and determined taking into account the shall satisfy not only the minimum values for each
most unfavorable conditions or assuming a rbller and roller train mentioned in the previous
conventional increase of20 percent of the amount of paragraph but shall be of such amount to ensure that
static sag due to possible swing on account of braking in the most unfavorable load conditions and
and starting shall not be less than 2.5 m. Such limit considering also the effects due to starting and braking,
however, may be reduced to 1.50 m in case of places the rope does not come off the rollers even -when there
inaccessible or forbidden to public. is an increase of tension equal to 30 percent.

[Link] As regards with other communication paths 3.5.2 The roller train shall be provided with a device,
or with aerial conductors, a minimum clearance shall which, should the rope comes off the roller, would
exist in order to take into account requirements of 3.7. cause the interruption of the safety and signaling circuit
with the consequent immediate stopping of the motion
3.3 Maximum Speed and Minimum Spacing”Between
of the system.
Vehicles
[Link] The roller train shall also be provided with
3.3.1 The maximum speed of the vehicle in the station
guiding devices, which may prevent the rope from
shall not be more than 1.5 m/s.
coming off towards the interiorofthe line. Such devices
3.3.2 The maximum speed of the vehicles along the shall b~ preferably installed near the rollers situated
line may reach 3 m/s provided that the variation of at the end of the roller train.
speed on account of the requirements of 3.3.1 does
3.5.3 The maximum load exerted by the carrying-
not give rise to dangerous oscillations of vehicles.
hauling rope on the rollers shall not be more than
3.3.3 The minimum time spacingj seconds between 200 kgf for each roller having the groove without
passing of two successive vehicles shall be calculated soft material lining. If the groove has lining, the
bylhe expression= 4V for single-seat vehicles and allowable load may be higher ( for instance, as regards
j = 7V for two-seat vehicles, where v is the maximum rubber of good quality, such load may r~ach the value
speed in metres per second adopted for the installation. of 4d x D, expressed in kgf when d is the diameter
of the rope and D the diameter of the roller, are
3.4 Capacity and Type of Vehicles
expressed in cm ). The angle of deflection of the rope
3.4.1 The calculation of various elements shall be on each roller shall not be more than 2°30’ for rollers
done taking into account a weight of 80 kg per without lining and 4°30’ for rollers having soft material
passenger. lining.

3.4.2 Vehicles may be of the following types: [Link] All rollers shall be mounted on rolling
bearings. Rollers, with grooves lined with soft material,
a) Chairs with one or two seats, and
shall preferably be used wherever possible.
b) One-seat or two-seat open cabins furnished
with a platform and railing. 3.6 Rescue of Passengers Along the Line

3.4.3 Vehicles shall have sufficient dimensions for 3.6.1 When designing an installation, suitable
the passengers to be able to board and leave them means for rescue shall be provided ( ladders, Capstan,
easily and quickly. etc ) to facilitate the rescue of passengers who might

2
 IS 5228:2003

remain trapped along the line on account of unforeseen b) For installation in service:
stopping of the instaHation in a reasonably short time p = 30 kgf/m2 ( For inclination of vehicles,
and in the easiest and safest manner. see 3.2.6 ).
3.6.2 The chosen rescue equipment shall be such 3.9.2 In areas subjected to storms and where the wind
that the rescue operation can be carried out in a perfect velocity exceeds frequently 150 km/h, it is necessary
manner even at the most critical points of the route to assume the pressure of the wind as the maximum
( overwater spread, rugged terrain, high elevation above value ascertained in the area under consideration.
ground, etc ).
3.9.3 In the calculation of wind action on the cables,
3.7 Crossings the surface area to be considered shall be the
diametrical surface of the cable multiplied by the factor
3.7.1 The crossing of routes, railways, waterways CW= 1.1 for snowbound areas and CW= 0.7 for areas
or other ropeways shall be avoided as far as possible. not affected by snow.
Where it is not possible, the clearances shall be
determined in such a manner that there is no danger 4 WIRE ROPES
for any vehicle using the various ways enumerated.
4.1 General
3.7.2 The crossings and paralleling with railways,
4.1.1 As far as possible, all wire ropes shall be in
highways, ropeways or overhead electrical lines shall
single piece and of non-rotating construction. Welded
be so done that no mutual discomfort results either
joints in the rope shall be spaced at least 6 times the
in course of normal operation or rescue operation or
pitch of the wire and their number in 500 m length shall
during installation operations. Wherever the local
not exceed the number of wires in the wire rope.
conditions are favorable and the characteristics of
the electrical line permit it, the overhead electrical lines 4.1.2 In order to facilitate periodic in service
shall be replaced by underground cables. checks the carrying-hauling rope should, preferably,
be checked by a suitable non-destructive means, like
3.7.3 Long paralleling with electrical overhead lines magneto-inductive test, to ensure that no rope with
or contact lines shall be avoided as far as possible. broken wires is put into service.
The distance of separation shall be determined in such
a way that the safety of both the installations is 4.1.3 The lubricants incorporated in the wire rope
assured. Any phenomenon of induction shall not, in during manufacture or use, shall not exert any corrosive
any way, affect the continuity or integrity of the action on the material of the rope. The lubrication of
telephonic or safety systems on either of the the wire rope shall be done in conformity with a good
installations. established practice and according to particular
requirements.
3.8 Dangerous Areas
4.1.4 Care shall be taken to -avoid any twisting or
3.8.1 In the proximity of airports or in areas where kinking of the rope while un-reeling the rope in service.
aeroplanes fly at low altitude or land frequently, the
4.2 Carrying-Hauling Wire Rope
route of the ropeways shall be adequately marked,
taking into account any restriction imposed by the The wire rope shall be of stranded construction with
authority having jurisdiction over the airports. a soft fibre natural core. The fibre core shall be made
of manila or sisal. For synthetic fibre core PP fibre
3.8.2 The areas exposed to the dangers of natural
shall be used.
forces ( avalanches, landslides, rock falls, storms,
earthquakes, etc ) shall be avoided as far as possible. 4.2.1 The nominal breaking strength of the wire rope
at the time of putting into service shall be not less
3.8.3 If the dangers indicated in 3.8.2 exist, suitable
than 5 times the maximum axial load met within service
protective devices shall be provided. calculated for the most unfavorable conditions which
3.9 Wind Action can occur by the combination of the following factors:

3.9.1 Under normal conditions, it is necessary [Link] a) Counterweight;

into account the wind action considering the following b) Components of the ropeways and that of the
values of wind pressure: loaded vehicles considered conventionally
as uniformly distributed along the rope;
a) For installation not in service ( Empty vehicles
exposed to wind ): c) The frictional resistance in the tensioning
device; and
p =120 kgf/m2

3
IS 5228:2003

d) Resistance to motion exerted by the line rollers the wire rope. The sheave grooves shall be lined with
( in the case of rollers having their grooves soft material.
lined with soft material, -this value can be
[Link] The deflection sheaves of the tensioning or
assumed to be 2.5 percent of the load on the
regulating rope of the stranded type shall have a
rollers ).
diameter of not less than 40 times that of the tensioning
4.3 Tensioning or Regulating Ropes rope and 600 times the diameter of the outer wires.
Such sheaves shall, preferably be lined either with
4.3.1 Ropes of the Lang’s lay type maybe used only leather, wood or any other soft material.
when the rotation of either the counterweights or the
coupling to the carrying-hauling rope is prevented. [Link] The sheaves on which the tensioning or
regulating ropes are normally stationary during the
4.3.2 The nominal breaking strength of the tensioning operation and the drums on which the regulating ropes
or regulating ropes shall be at least 5.5 times the are wound shall have a diameter of not less than 20
maximum axial load in the rope during operation. times that of the rope.

4.4 Telephonic and Signal Cables 4.6 Splices and Rope Termination

4.4.1 The telephonic and signal cables shall be of 4.6.1 Experienced personnel shall make all splices.
the stranded type and protected against corrosion. The length of a splice shall be not less than 1200 times
the rope diameter. The distance between two
4.4.2 The nominal breaking strength of the cables
continuous splices shall be not less than 3000 times
shall be not less than 3.3 times the maximum axial load
the diameter of the rope.
met with in service.
[Link] Along a closed loop formed by the carrying-
4.4.3 Care shall be taken to ensure that the telephonic hauling rope only two splices are permitted. However,
and signal cables do not come into contact either with two additional splicing may be permitted in case of
the vehicles or with the carrying-hauling rope even repair after an accident.
under the worst conditions of weather. Therefore, if
these cables are connected with line trestles, the height 4.6.2 Rope socketing shall be done with the utmost
ot’ the support shall be so chosen as to avoid any care. Only organizations who can prove their experience
interference between the cables and vehicles or as regards the proper making of rope sockets shall
carrying-hauling ropes which can affect the safety be entrusted with this operation unless ropeway
and regularity of operation. promoters themselves have well-trained and experienced
personnel for carrying out this operation.
4.5 Loads and Pulley Diameter
4.7 Testing and Acceptance of Ropes
4.5.1 Direct Loads
The ropes used shall confor:~, to the relevant Indian
In case of a vehicle provided with single grip the Standards.
weights supported by the grip of the vehicle to the
4.8 Replacement of Ropes
carrying-hauling rope should not exceed one-twentieth
of the minimum tension of the rope calculated for the Generally a rope should be withdrawn from service
most unfavorable conditions of load but with the when it is considered that:
installation under normal conditions of operation. When
there are several grips for each vehicle; it shall be a) The loss of strength in the rope due to wear
ensured that the total weight of the vehicle carrying or corrosion or both is approaching one-sixth
its full complement of passengers shall not exceed of the original strength;
one-fifteenth of the minimum tension of the carrying- b) The loss of strength in the rope due to fatigue,
hauling ropes. surface embrittlement or cracked and broken
wires of any kind is approaching one-tenth
4.5.2 As regards transverse loads transmitted by the
of the original strength;
line rollers on the carrying-hauling rope, the
requirements of 3.S.3 shall also be satisfied. c) The outer wires have lost about one-third of
their depth as result .of any kind of
4.5.3 Sheaves deterioration;

[Link] To take into account the fatigue loads imposed d) The outer wires are becoming loose and
on the carrying-hauling rope by permanent attachment displaced for any reason;
of the vehicle, the diameter of the driving or return e) The rope has become kinked, distorted or
sheaves shall not be less than 100 times that of the damaged and the damaged piece cannot be
wire rope and 1 000 times that of the outer wires of removed; and
4
 IS 5228:2003

f) Examination of the rope leaves any doubt as alternative full capacity prime mover can drive the
to its safety for any reason whatsoever. ropeways.

5 STATIONS [Link] In case the installation is of the self-acting

type, the continuous braking shall be ensured by the
5.1 General
driver, that is, the driver itself shall exert the braking
5.1.1 According to the climate of the area where the action.
ropeway is situated, suitable shelters for passengers
5.2.3 Working of the main motor shall be stopped
and personnel shall be provided. In every case, stations automatically when any brake is on or if any safety
shall be provided with water-c lo-set.
device operates.
5.1.2 The station machinery such as mechanical parts
5.2.4 Rope Adhesion on the Driving Sheave
of the driving gear, electrical equipment, ropes and
vehicles shall not be a source of danger to the [Link] The friction coefficients ( p ) between the rope
passengers and ropeway personnel. The passengers’ and the surface of the groove of the driving sheave
entrance shall not cross the path of the travel of the are as fotlows:
vehicle.
a) Grooves with leather lining p=o.15
5.1.3 The whole of the driving gear and of the return b) Grooves with rubber lining or p = 0.25
or deflection devices shall be protected against bad with similar material having a
weather. Moreover, care shall be taken to prevent the high friction coefficient.
entrance to the machine room of unauthorized persons
c) Grooves with aluminum liners p = 0.20
to avoid any possible accident to them.
[Link] For grooves with a special material lining a
5.1.4 The ropeway operator shall be located where
higher coefficient may be permitted according to
he shall have the best possible view of the route. The
experience.
controls and communicating devices shall be within
his reach without his having to leave his position. [Link] The contact angle of the rope on the driving
sheaves shall be such as to ensure that in the most
5.1.5 Fire hazard shall be reduced as far as possible.
unfavorable combination of circumstance, the required
A sufficient number of extinguishers guaranteed to
power is transmitted to the rope.
function effectively shall be kept ready in case of need
and installed in places which are readily accessible. 5.2.5 As far as possible, chains or belts shall not be
used for power transmission. However, in the case
5.2 ‘Driving and Braking
of small powers, the use of V-belts shall be permitted
5.2.1 The driving gear shall be provided with an provided at least four are used simultaneously for
emergency motor fed by auxiliary power or diesel engine transmitting the power.
or manual winching device which can ensure a rescue
5.2.6 Two different friction brakes shall be used
operation as needed even when there is something
in case of electric motor drive to cause both the
wrong with the main motor or even in case of power
normal stopping and emergency one. One of these
failure.
brakes is called ‘service brake’ and the other ‘emergency
-5.2.2 The speed of travel shall be maintained constant brake’. Each of such brakes shall be able to ensure
irrespective of any load conditions. In practice, the the safe stopping of the installation’s motion
variation of the speed in the most unfavorable under most unfavorable conditions of loading. In
conditions shall not exceed 4 percent in case of an any case, the nominal average deceleration shall not
electrical motor and 5 percent in case of non-electrical exceed 0.5 mls?.
drive.
[Link] Inorder to avoid any sudden braking with
[Link] In case the main motor is not of the electrical consequent violent swinging of the vehicles, it is
type and the installation is self-acting, a suitable recommended that the braking effort should be
dissipating device shatl be provided to absorb the automatically proportional to the load conditions of
excess energy. the line or in a gradual manner.

[Link] Starting under the most unfavorable [Link] The ‘emergency brake’ shall act directly on
conditions of load shall be guaranteed irrespective the driving sheave; a counterweight or springs shall
.of type of drive used. induce its braking effort and its operation shall be
carried out in a manner that its regular working can
[Link] When the prime mover is not in action the be automatically and constantly checked. This brake
transportation of passengers is forbidden unless shall. act automatically if the speed of the carrying-
5
IS 5228:2003

hauling rope exceeds the permitted value by 15 percent. 5.4.2 Both the boarding and de-boarding sites shall,
It shall also be capable of manual operation. Emergency preferably have a longitudinal gradient. In case of
brake for ropeways on plain terrain maybe deleted, platform not being horizontal, the longitudinal gradient
if, the ropeways stops on its own without the application shall not exceed 10 percent. Moreover, the lowering
of an external brake. of vehicles on account of their load shall be contained
within allowable limits. The clearance to ground profile
[Link] The ‘service brake’, besides ensuring the from the embarking area shall, preferably be increased,
holding of the driving gear when the installation is once the vehicle leaves the station.
stopped, shall work when the feeding power fails or
in case of overload of the ropeway. Moreover, it shall .5.4.3 The length of both Boarding and De-boarding
also work automatically when the remote control stops sites shall be at least equal to the space, which can
installed in the station are activated or when any safety be travelled by a vehicle in 5 s in case of one-or two-
device is operated ( see 5.2.3). seat vehicles, of the type in which passengers get
on or alight contemporaneously.
[Link] The safety factor of all parts forming the brakes
shall not be less than 5. [Link] According to the provisions of 5.4.2, the
boarding and de-boarding sites are those which are
5.2.7 A suitable device, which can automatically situated in parts of the terrain in the horizontal position,
prevent the reverse motion of the ropeways during that is, in the part comprised between the end rollers
normal operation, shall be installed if required. Such of the first trestle, front of the station, and the rollers
device and the automatic working of the emergency situated at the entrance and at the exit of the driving
brake are not required when the installation is not of sheave. Being parallel to the carrying-hauling rope,
the self- acting type even in the case of a breakage of the terrain situated within the above sites shall allow
any element of the transmission. the boarding and de-buarding of passengers.

5.3 Rope Tensioning and Anchorage Devices 5.4.4 As for installations having higher speeds than
permitted in 3.3, in which passengers get on or alight
5.3.1 The spaces in which the counterweights travel
with their skis on, particular solution shall be adopted
( in pit or construction above the ground ) shall be
m regards to boarding and de-boarding sites with
protected from water, snow, and ice and from any other
respect to the particular ways of the starting and arrival.
material. It shall be ensured that the above elements
do not accumulate inside these spaces. These spaces 5.4.5 Push buttons switches for the immediate stop
shall be provided with guard-rails in order to prevent of the installation shall be installed at the end of
the entrance of unauthorized persons. boarding/de-boarding site at terminal stations.

5.3.2 The mobility of the counterweights shall be 5.4.6 The sheaves on which the carrying-hauling rope
ensured at all times. is supported shall be made of high quality cast iron,
malleable cast iron or steel. They shall be mounted
5.3.3 The travel of the counterweight shall be on rolling bearings and shall be fiu-nished with suitable
determined taking into account the maximum variation devices, which can enable the rope to recover its normal
which may be due to the sag of each span, the -position in case of derailment.
surrounding temperature of the zone where the
installation lies ( minimum variation to be considered 5.4.7 In stations, devices, which are integral part of
is 60° ) and the elastic stretch of the rope. the installation meant for fixation of the tackle, which
enables the easy handling of wire ropes and the
5.3.4 Where several tensioning ropes are laid in mechanical and electrical elements of the station, shall
parallel, all the necessary precautions shall be carried be provided. These devices shall be in a condition
out in order to ensure uniform distribution of the tension ca~able of being used at any time.
among such ropes.
5.4.8 All suitable equipment for the inspection of the
5.3.5 The foundations of either tensioning devices power elements shall be provided at least in one of
or those of the anchorage shall have a safety factor the stations.
of 1.5 in respect of shifting and overturning. Such
6 TRESTLES
safety factor is to be calculated based on a
conventional assumption that these foundations are 6.1 Loads
free, that is, there is no lateral movement of the earth.
In designing trestles, the following loads shall be
5.4 Other Requirements considered:

5.4.1 As regards the free movement of the vehicles a) The weight of the trestle and the whole
in stations, the provisions of 3.2.5 shall be applied. pressure exerted by the ropes;

6
 1S 5228:2003

b) The whole of the stresses due to ffiction which The anchor bolts of concrete foundations shall just
occurs during the motion of the carrying- be above the ground.
hauling rope. These stresses can be
determined with a sufficient margin of safety 7 VEHICLES
as 2.5 percent of the load on the rollers; 7.1 Safety Factor
c) Weight of vehicles traveling with maximum
For all the components constituting the vehicle, the
load ( considered conventionally static); and
safety factor shall be at least 5 under the static
d) Load due to wind and load of snow or ice conditions. This safety factor may have to be increased
( for influence of wind on the ropes, suitably to take into account the dynamic conditions
see 3.9 ). to assure the desired degree of safety.
6.1.1 The requirements of 3.9 regarding the wind
7.2 Construction
action of trestles shall be supplemented by the
requirements due to particular characteristic conditions 7.2.1 The vehicles shall be provided with a safety
of each installation ( zones exposed to storm, etc ). It device which prevents the falling overboard of
will be useful to take into account the requirements passengers and which conforms to the requirements
of wind action on similar equipment like electric of 3.4.2. In the case of chair lifts having footrests,
transmission towers, hoists, etc. they shall be of the retractable type, which can
be actuated, with the combined motion of the safety
6.2 Safety
bar.
6.2.1 The metal parts of the trestle shall have a safety
factor defined as the ratio of the strength of the metal 7.2.2 The hangers shall be of sufficient length as to
to stress in the metal under the most unfavorable guarantee conformity to the requirements .of 3.2.4
conditions of not less than 3.0 when the installation to 3.2.6 and also ensure that roller guides, etc are always
is in service and 2.2 when the installation is not in outside the reach of the hand of the passengers.
operation. 7.2.3 The tubes used in the hangers shall have no
6.2.2 Under the most unfavorable conditions of longitudinal welds and preferably seamless. Their
loading, whether in service or not, the trestles shall interior shall be protected against corrosion. If welded
have a minimum safety factor of at least 1.5 to tubes are used, welding should be checked by Non-
overturning, displacement or subsidence. Such Destructive Testing ( NDT ),
calculations shall take into account the lateral
7.3 Grips
movement of the earth except in the case of compact
terrain. 7.3.1 The form of grips used and the profile of the
grooves of the rollers shall adapt to one another, taking
6.2.3 The elastic deformation of the trestles, in
into account specially the maximum lateral swing
particular those due to torsion which happens during
permitted for the vehicles. The deflection of the rope
normal conditions of operation, shall not be such as
caused by the passing of the grips and the groove of
to endanger the safety of the guides and the stability
the shaft shall not be more than 9.
of the ropes. The maximum angle of deformation due
to torsion shall be limited in such a manner that the 7.3.2 The devices for attaching the vehicle to the
ends of the shoes for supporting the carrying-hauling carrying-hauling rope shall have a resistance with
rope are not displaced by more than 20 percent of the regard to its tendency to slide along the rope itself
wire rope diameter. of not less than twice the component of the loaded
vehicle weighed along the axis of the rope and
6.3 Construction
considering maximum slope. Such minimum resistance
6.3.1 The number of trestles, their position, their height shall be automatically ensured even if tbe diameter
and their construction are determined by the of the wire rope is reduced by 3 percent.
requirements of the route and the layout. Wooden
trestles or trestles which are guyed, shall not be used. 7.3.3 The distance between the sides of the jaws
shall be such as to ensure an efficient gripping action
6.3.2 In case the trestles have metallic framework, of the grip on the rope even in the supposition that
the thickness of the open profile shall be not less than the diameter of the rope is conventionally reduced
5 mm, while in the case of closed profile, it shall be by one-tenth of the nominal diameter.
not less than 2.5 mm. The interior of the latter shall
be adequately protected against corrosion. 7.4 Numbering

6.3.3 The anchorage of the trestles on the concrete In order to distinguish the vehicles on the line, they
foundations or on the rock shall be carefully made. shall be successively numbered.
1S 5228:2003

8 COMMUNICATIONS, SAFETY CIRCUIT circuit energized permanently so that when any one
AND EARTHING OF METALLIC PARTS device fails or the signal line fails, the system
automatically comes to a halt.
8.1 The stations shall be linked to each other by
telephone. At least one of the stations shall have a 8.3 All the metallic portions of the installation, with
hook up with the public network, wherever the latter
the exception of signal cable shall be directly earthed.
exists.

8.2 All safety devices along the length of the line 8.4 All the elements of the installation shall be
and in stations shall be incorporated in a continuous protected against the lightning.

ANNEXA

( Foreword)

INDIAN STANDARDS ON WIRE ROPES AND WIRE PRODUCTS

IS No. Title IS No. Title

1804:1996 Steel wire ropes — Fibre main 5245 Methods for splicing of wire ropes:
cores — Specification
(Part] ): 1969 Hand splicing of wire ropes
2363:1981 Glossary of terms relating to wire
ropes (first revision ) (Part 2):1969 Wire sling legs with ferrule-secured
eye terminals
3937 Recommendations for socketing of \
wire ropes: 6594:1977 Technical supply conditions for steel
wire ropes and strands (jirst
(Part 1 ): 1974 Socketing with zinc (first
revision )
revision )

(Part 2): 1974 Socketing with white metal (first 10887:1983 Steel wire rope for winches and
revision ) ropeways used in forestry and
agriculture
(Part 3):1994 Socketing with resin (first
revision ) 10891 Steel wire ropes for aerial ropeways:

3973:1984 Code of practice for selection, (Part 1): 1984 Haulage ropes
installation and maintenance of wire
ropes (first revision ) (Part 2\: 1986 Track ro~es
Bureau of Indian Standards

BIS is a statutory institution established under the Bureau of Indian Standards Act, 1986 to promot,
harmonious development of the activities of standardization, marking and quality certification of goods anc
attending to connected matters in the country.

Copyright

B IS has the copyright of all its publications. No part of these publications may be reproduced in any form without
the prior permission in writing of BIS. This does not preclude the free use, in the course of implementing the
standard, of necessary details, such as symbols and sizes, type or grade designations. Enquiries relating to
copyright be addressed to the Director (Publications), BFS.

Review of Indian Standards

Amendments are issued to standards as the need arises on the”basis of comments. Standards are also reviewed
periodical Iy; a standard along with amendments is reaffirmed when such review indicates that no changes are
needed; if the review indicates that changes are needed, it is taken up for revision. Users of Indian Standards
should ascertain that they are in possession of the latest amendments or edition by referring to the latest issue
of ‘BIS Catalogue’ and ‘Standards : Monthly Additions’.

This Indian Standard has been developed from DOC : No. ME 06 ( 0362 ).

Amendments Issued Since Publication

Amend No. Date of Issue Text Affected

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