Scribd
Upload
61 views3 pages

Available Energy and Dead State Analysis

1. Energy sources can be divided into high grade energy, which can directly produce work, and low grade energy, which can only produce heat. 2. Available energy is the maximum useful work that can be obtained from a system that reaches a dead state of thermodynamic equilibrium with its surroundings. 3. Available energy is highest when a heat source is at the highest possible temperature and the heat sink is at the lowest possible temperature, such as the ambient environmental temperature. According to the second law of thermodynamics, energy at a higher temperature has more usefulness than the same amount of energy at a lower temperature.

Uploaded by

Rajesh Panda
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
61 views3 pages

Available Energy and Dead State Analysis

1. Energy sources can be divided into high grade energy, which can directly produce work, and low grade energy, which can only produce heat. 2. Available energy is the maximum useful work that can be obtained from a system that reaches a dead state of thermodynamic equilibrium with its surroundings. 3. Available energy is highest when a heat source is at the highest possible temperature and the heat sink is at the lowest possible temperature, such as the ambient environmental temperature. According to the second law of thermodynamics, energy at a higher temperature has more usefulness than the same amount of energy at a lower temperature.

Uploaded by

Rajesh Panda
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 3

Available Energy/ Availability/ Exergy And Irreversibility

The source of energy can be divided into two group.


1. High grade energy  work, mechanical work

(W < Q) + Qrejection
2. Low grade energy  eq. heat, or thermal energy

(W = Q)

Available Energy
It is the maximum usefull work that can be obtained from the system in a process in which the system
reaches dead state.

Dead State
A system is said to be in dead state, if it is in thermodynamic equilibrium with its surrounding.

Available Energy Referred to a Cycle

 T 
Wmax  Q1  1  2 
  T1 
carneet
Wmax  Q1car.
Wmax will depend upon T1 and T2 it means
I) More will be the T1 more will be the Q1 hence more will be the Wmax.
II) Lower will be sink temp., more will be efficiency hence more work is obtained.
There our main motiue is to have higher source temper. And as low possible will be the sink temperature.
 There minimum sink temperature will be environment temp.
 T 
 Wmax  Q1  1  0 
 T1 
 T 
Q1  1  0 
 T1 
Available energy of Q1 at T1 = with reference to a surrounding temp. of T0.
T 
Q2  Q1  0 
 T1  (V.A.E)
 S × T0
T T 
 Q1  L  L 
T
 M TH  = Q – Heat supply.
Loss of available energy 1
NOW
T1 > T 2

Available energy Q1 (at T1) with reference to T0.


 T 
 (A.E)1  Q1 1  0 
 T1 
Earlier one (at T2)
 T 
 (A.E)2  Q1 1  0 
 T2 
T1 > T 2
 (A.E)2 < (A.E)1
It means Q1 should be accepted at high temperature as possible.

NOTE:
 According to first law of thermodynamics, termal energy at higher temperature has same meaning
when compared to an equal amount of thermal energy at lower temperature and hence first law is known
as quantitative law.
 According to 2nd law of thermodynamics, thermal energy at higher temp. has more significance when
compare to same amount of thermal energy at lower temperature and hence 2 nd law is known as
quanlitature law.
 
 
1 1 
A1  A 2  Q1    T0
 T2 T1  Ambient
Higher Lower  temp.
 temp temp.  Loss of A.E irreversibility.

IRREVERSIBILITY
(  S)sys + (  S)surr. = (  S)universe = Entropy generation
(  S)system + (  S)surrounding = Entropy generation
( S)sys  ( S)surr.  Entropy generation
 
change or Net entropy
entropy of out flow
a system

 Q
 
T
(S2 – S1) +  0  = ( S)univ.
Q
( S)sys  
T0
 ( S)univ.

I  T0 ( S)univ.

You might also like