Subject of study

Electrical Engineering ( Home Automation system Using FPGA)

The main focus of the proposal is to continue my resaerch with FPGA
Since ages, people have always been looking for a technology that can enhance their
standard of living. Electrical/electronic devices are getting more popular day by day.
User needs that they can control these devices more efficiently. Life is getting busier day
by day, so people prefer to operate home appliances from remote location in order to
save time and energy. That is why Home Automation system is the demand of new era.
Home Automation gives us an ease of controlling our home appliances according to our
need. It controls the devices remotely and provides security whenever we are far away.
It is a low cost system and is affordable. It facilitates us with high security & saves the
energy. There are number of ways that can be used to implement Home Automation
system, one of them is by using FPGA.
FPGA technology is proposed here because of its many advantages as compared to
other existing technologies. One such advantage is that it is re-programmable. We can
use FPGA in different tasks, like security and energy saving. We can control smoking
alarms, doors, curtains, fans, different lights and other devices through FPGA. We can
also control temperature by using temperature sensor operated through FPGA. FPGA
can be used in either ways like Bluetooth, FSM etc.
FPGA can solve any computable problem. It is proven that FPGA can be used as a
microprocessor, like Xilinx Micro Blaze or Altera Nios II. They are faster because of
their parallel working and number of gates used for different processes. FPGA gives a
lot of interface for external appliances, it is more efficient and have a bigger model. We
can apply them to the wide range of applications like FPGA are used in custom
computing machines. FPGA provides a unique combination of highly parallel custom
computation and low cost computation. FPGA is capable of becoming any digital
circuit. FPGA is used in video, image, telecom, medical and scientific, server and cloud,
aerospace and defense. FPGA benefits us in many ways like it improves performance,
reduces cost, quicker time to market, more flexible and reliable, low maintenance.
Keeping in mind the above mentioned benefits I have chosen FPGA to implement home
automation system for my project.

Working Title:
Home Automation system Using Field Programmable gate
array
 Analysis of the Problem:
The question arises, why we need Home Automation?
Today people are looking for ways and means to make their life styles better by using
the latest technologies available. Instead of checking the door locks and turning off the
unnecessary lights every time, Home Automation can help people to be relaxed of all
such things and knowing that Home Automation is not only secure but that there is also
no wastage of electricity by appliances that must be turned off when not in use. Using
Home Automation, many tasks that are repetitive in nature can be accomplished
automatically. Home Automation is an efficient way to control our appliances
automatically. It can make our life much more convenient.
As time is money, so Home Automation might make you very rich. It is the need of
hour, in their busy life, people are searching for ease of everything that will save their
time. People are looking for latest technology that can be effective for their daily life.
With Home Automation people can control their appliances remotely which can save a
lot of their time.
In this era, we can’t rely on others in matter of our home security so we handle it
technically. One of the main advantage of a well-planned Home Automation system is
that it provides an inexpensive solution to home security. Sensors and detection systems
can let people know when people are entering your homes. Controls can also informs
you that who is around. Access controls can help to ensure that only right can enter
from house.
One clear benefit of Home Automation is the potential for energy and cost savings.
Energy Crisis is yet another problem faced now a days, hence we are looking for a
better option to save power. We will be using a thermostats which uses a temperature
threshold to govern the heating and cooling system of our homes. They can also be
programmed with different target temperatures in order to keep energy usage at a
minimum. Using smart thermostats and smart plugs, we can save energy. We will go for
a multitasker that can solve much of our problems at same time.
Home Automation can be a cure to poor lighting it can automatically turn on lights in
stairways or dark places when someone enters. Home Automation provides a good
solution for preserving our natural resources.

Research Methoology:

In this project, FPGA has a key role. We will collect information about how many devices
to be controlled to automate home. To control different devices we will use different
sensors. For example, Fire Sensor will use as security purpose. Further more, PIR,LDR,
Temperature sensors etc will be employed for multiple purposes. The sensors will undergo
testing by their individual circuits by verilog/VHDL code to check their fucnctionality.
After whole testing, we will design a Top Module and will combine our whole code on
modelSim and to burn our code on FPGA through Quartus Prime II ( FPGA Altera DE2-
115) . The selection of Quartus or Xilinx will be made on the type FPGA will be used.
After our code simulations on ModelSim we will come on Quartus for code burning. On
FPGA, we will also use seven segment to display our temperature range that we will select
on operation of temperature sensor. After successfully simulation of top_module we will
design a home and will adjust pur devices and will make all possible connections. The
system will be either bluetooth based, Rf based module, GSM module,speech recognition,
8051 based, wifi based etc. But main body will be FPGA.
General struture of study:
i): FPGA either Altera (DE2-115 ) or Xilinx
ii): Sensors
iii): Verilog or VHDL coding
iv): ModelSim for Simulations purposes
v):Quartus Prime II for Synthesis purposes
vii): Verilog/VHD Design flow
vii): Testing
viii): individual simulation results
ix): design of Top Module
x): Conclusions
xi): Results

Academic contribution
I have done with electrical ( electronics) engineering, I have done Final Year Project in
same field. I believe that the further studies on FPGA will enhance my knowlegde, skills
and will make my grip stronger on FPGA. The coming ara is the modern era, the parallel
working and being a reconfigurable device ,FPGA becomes more and more popular. I want
to work on FPGA to handle complex problems of real life in the autonmation. I want to
persue my career as an automation engineer. The design of FPGA architecture is required
to evolve to meet these challenges, while also taking advantage of ever increased microchip
density. This survey reviews the recent development of advanced FPGA architectures,
including improvement of the programming technologies, logic blocks, interconnects, and
embedded resources. Moreover, some important emerging design issues of FPGA
architectures, such as novel memory based FPGAs and 3D FPGAs, are also presented to
provide an outlook for future FPGA development.With these emerging applications, the
FPGA market is growing at a healthy clip: It was valued at $5.34 billion in 2016 and
is expected to grow to $9.50 billion in 2023, according to industry researchers
MarketsandMarkets. That’s a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 8.5 percent,
compared to a CAGR of about 2 percent for the much larger ($74 billion) general
microprocessor market.
The exponential growth of data, and the emergence of fast-changing fields such as AI,
machine learning, HPC and genomics, require architectures that are fast, flexible and
adaptable. FPGAs are well-positioned to take advantage of these new opportunities

Literature Review

There are two ways for it, one is wireless communication and other is wired serial
communication. But the most popular among these two is the wireless communication
which is appreciated all around the world. Among these technologies Bluetooth
technology has proved to be more efficient.
Bluetooth based wireless home automation system using FPGA is introduced by
B.Murali Krishna, Narasimaha nayak, B.Rakesh, P.Manoj Kumar, N.Sandhya [1].
They proposed home automation system by using Bluetooth interfacing with FPGA by
a serial port RS 232 which allowed the instructions to be sent in serial manner. They
used Xilinx EDK design flow for synthesis, performing timing analysis and to examine
the RTL schematic diagram. XPS tool provided an environment for creating both
software and hardware specification flow for embedded system. It also provided with
graphical system editor for connection of processor, peripherals and buses. They
implemented Bluetooth module HC-05. FPGA board connection made through RS 232
to control home appliances.
RF based wireless secured home automation system using FPGA was then proposed by
1B Murali Karishna, 2 J Siri Vershini, 3A Narayana Murthi, 3N Anil Santosh, 3G Sai
Pavan Kumar, 3B Sai Venkatishvara Rao [4]. The Bluetooth module should have
following two properties 1- Communication must be in between Slave and Master. 2-
Password must be correct. They proposed RF based secured wireless secure home
automation system using FPGA. They mainly focused on security. For this purpose,
they developed a SDES algorithm. The data was encrypted by cryptography. The
process was involved two basic operations that were encryption and key
management.The security provided depended upon the number of keys used in
algorithm. Xilinx FPGA was used to implement DES algorithm. To develop synthesized
DES algorithm they used Xilinx ISE 14.5. They used Verilog HDL for development of
algorithm and done simulation through simulator. The RF module developed by
Spartan-3E used which had frequency range of 434 MHZ. For wireless communication
RF 8bit module used. The communication was carried out between FPGA s for
transmission and reception of Cipher text. Home appliances were connected through
relays when Cipher text was decrypted.
 Implementation of Home automation system through a central FPGA controller is
introduced by (Carl J. Debono and Kurt Abela Department of Communications and
Computer Engineering University of Malta Msida, Malta [5]). They used internet as the
means of home automation. They purposed a system consisted of mobile phone with
Bluetooth interface, FPGA communicated through RS-232 protocol. For this purpose a
universal asynchronous receiver/transmitter (UART) that was employed over FPGA.
received from temperature module. PIR sensor was used to avoid switching when
nobody in the room. They also used servo module to pass two bits.