Saringan Kasar
(Screening)
Ali Masduqi
masduqi@[Link]
Unit Operasi Teknik Lingkungan
Unit Operations in Environmental Engineering (RE141335)
Program S1 Teknik Lingkungan
fakultas teknik sipil, lingkungan, dan kebumian – ITS surabaya
[Link]
1
Fungsi
• Screening berfungsi untuk menyaring benda-
benda kasar terapung atau melayang di air
agar tidak terbawa ke dalam unit pengolahan
• Screening is a unit operation that separates
materials in and/or on water (found in
different sizes) from water and from entering
water treatment facilities and mains
2
Screen pada
surface water treatment
Screen
Plain Slow sand
Sedimentation Chlorination
filtration
Turbidity >50 NTU
Sufficient area available
Screen pada
highly polluted surface water treatment
Screen
Chlorination
(pre)
Aeration Coagulation Flocculation sedimentation
Chlorination Rapid sand
(Post) Filtration
Screen pada Intake
Screen
5
Screen
6
7
RAW GRIT TREATED
SCREEN P.S.T BIOLOGICAL S.S.T
WASTE CHAMBER REACTOR WASTE
WATER WATER
RECYCLED SLUDGE
ANAEROBIC
DIGESTOR
TO SLUDGE
DIGESTED HANDLING
SUPERNATANT SLUDGE AND
DISPOSAL
(CH4 CO2)
PROCESS FLOWSHEET OF CONVENTIONAL DOMESTIC WASTEWATER
TREATMENT
Klasifikasi Screen
• Ukuran bukaan (opening size) [Coarse,
Medium and Fine]
• Konfigurasi (configuration) [Bar Screens
and Mesh Screens]
• Metoda pembersihan (method for cleaning)
[manually, mechanically]
• Fixed or moving screen surface
10
Klasifikasi (opening size)
• Coarse Bar Racks
remove coarse debris (twigs, branches,
rags, etc)
Spacing coarse 2 – 6 in
medium 0.8 – 2 in
• Fine Screens
3/8 to ½ in
Klasifikasi (configuration)
• Bar Screens
– tersusun oleh jari-jari (jeruji) besi, air melewati
space di antara jeruji tersebut
– umumnya diletakkan pada saluran dengan posisi
tegak atau dengan kemiringan tertentu
• Mesh Screens (strainer)
– tersusun oleh pelat berlubang (orifice) dengan
diameter tertentu
– umumnya diletakkan pada ujung pipa
Klasifikasi (method for cleaning)
• Hand clean coarse screens
– pembersiahan secara manual dengan tenaga
manusia
– periode pembersihan tergantung pada banyaknya
bahan yang tersaring di screen
• Mechanically cleaned bar screens
– pembersiahan secara mekanik dengan tenaga
motor
– pembersihan berlangsung terus-menerus
Penampung sampah
(a)
Penampung sampah
14
(b)
15
MECHANICAL SCREEN DI
SALURAN GREGES
17
Mechanical
bar screen
18
Mesh screen/strainer
19
Mesh screen/strainer
20
Mesh screen/strainer
21
Design Criteria
• Velocity
– Optimum Velocity : 0.6 m/s (through the screen opening)
– Maximum Velocity : 0.75 - 1.0 m/s (to prevent entrapped materials
being forced through the bars).
– Minimum Velocity : 0.4 m/s to prevent deposition of solids.
– Typical Range : 0.6 - 1.0 m/s
• Headloss :
– hL = 0.05 - 0.15 m for drinking water
– hL = 0.10 - 0.40 m for sewage (wastewater)
• Cleaning Mechanism: manual or mechanical cleaning
• Angle of Inclination: 10o - 60o
Design Criteria
23
Kehilangan energi (headloss)
pada screen
h h1 h2
1
v2
sc v 2
h1 v
2 gCd2 vsc
h2
• h = headloss akibat aliran melewati screen, m
• Cd = Koefisien debit (biasanya 0,84)
• g = percepatan gravitasi, m/det2
• vsc = kecepatan aliran di screen, m/det
• v = kecepatan aliran sebelum screen, m/det
24
Contoh Soal
• Saluran lebar 1,2 m dan kedalaman 1,0 m
mengalirkan air dengan debit 0,5 m3/detik,
terdapat screen dengan data sbb:
– jumlah batang jeruji (bar) = 25 buah,
– lebar tiap bar = 5 mm
• Hitung headloss saat bersih
• Hitung headloss saat tersumbat
25
Jawaban
• Headloss saat bersih:
- v = Q/A = (0,5 m3/det) / (1,2 x 1,0) = 0,417 m/det
- Lebar bukaan (space antar bar) = 120 cm – 25 x
0,5 cm = 107,5 cm
- Jumlah space = 25 + 1 = 26
- Lebar tiap space = 107,5 / 26 = 4,1 cm
- vsc = (0,5 m3/det) / (1,075 x 1,0) = 0,465 m/det
h
1
2 * 9 ,81* 0 ,84
2
0 ,465 2
0 ,4172
0 ,003m
26
Jawaban
• Headloss saat tersumbat:
– Asumsikan tersumbat 50%, sehingga lebar space
menjadi 50% dari lebar space semula, sehingga:
vsc = (0,5 m3/det) / (50% x1,075x1,0) = 0,93 m/det
– Cd berkurang menjadi 0,8
h
1
2 * 9 ,81* 0 ,8 2
0 ,93 2
0 ,4172
0 ,055 m
27
Program S1 Teknik Lingkungan – ITS surabaya
[Link]
