01OUX… - Advanced Design for Signal Integrity and Compliance. F.
Canavero, 2015
01OUXOQ, 01OUXOT, 01OUXOV, 01OUXPE
Advanced Design for Signal Integrity and
Compliance
1. Introduction
Flavio Canavero
Politecnico di Torino, Italy
[email protected]
01OUX… - Advanced Design for Signal Integrity and Compliance. F.Canavero, 2015
Outline
• Overview & Definitions
• Design for EMC compliance
– Examples
• Practical demonstrator
• Virtual design
• Final Remarks
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01OUX… - Advanced Design for Signal Integrity and Compliance. F.Canavero, 2015
Non-Compliance
01OUX… - Advanced Design for Signal Integrity and Compliance. F.Canavero, 2015
Effects of EMI
Momentary disturbance in TV and radio reception due to
operation of mixer-grinder / electric shavers / a passing
vehicle etc.
Reset of computers and loss of data.
Burn out of sensitive cells / components.
Change of setting of status of control equipments.
Failure of pace maker implanted in a patient due to a
‘walkietalkie’.
False initiation of electro explosive detonator.
Malfunctioning of flight controlling system due to use of
laptop by passenger.
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01OUX… - Advanced Design for Signal Integrity and Compliance. F.Canavero, 2015
Birth of EMC
Chicago, circa 1930
Automobiles vs TV FCC
01OUX… - Advanced Design for Signal Integrity and Compliance. F.Canavero, 2015
EMC- Electromagnetic Compatibility
Definition
Capability of an electronic system to function
compatibly with other electronic systems and not
produce or be susceptible to interference
A system is electromagnetically compatible if:
It does not cause interference with other systems
It is not susceptible to emissions from other systems
It does not cause interference with itself
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01OUX… - Advanced Design for Signal Integrity and Compliance. F.Canavero, 2015
01OUX… - Advanced Design for Signal Integrity and Compliance. F.Canavero, 2015
Urban Ambient Profile
Cell phone
FM Radio
Switching noise
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01OUX… - Advanced Design for Signal Integrity and Compliance. F.Canavero, 2015
Concepts and Definitions
• For an EMC problem to exist:
– System/Device that generates interference
– System/Device that is susceptible to the interference
– Coupling path
01OUX… - Advanced Design for Signal Integrity and Compliance. F.Canavero, 2015
EMC Terminology /1
Radiated Interference Enters and Exits Equipment through
Wiring and Enclosure Penetration
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01OUX… - Advanced Design for Signal Integrity and Compliance. F.Canavero, 2015
EMC Terminology /2
Radiated Interference Enters and Exits Equipment through
Wiring and Enclosure Penetration
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01OUX… - Advanced Design for Signal Integrity and Compliance. F.Canavero, 2015
EMC Terminology /3
Conducted Interference Enters and Exits Equipment
through Wiring and Cabling
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01OUX… - Advanced Design for Signal Integrity and Compliance. F.Canavero, 2015
EMC Terminology /4
Conducted Interference Enters and Exits Equipment
through Wiring and Cabling
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01OUX… - Advanced Design for Signal Integrity and Compliance. F.Canavero, 2015
EMC Terminology /summary
Radiated Susceptibility Radiated Emissions
Conducted Susceptibility Conducted Emissions
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01OUX… - Advanced Design for Signal Integrity and Compliance. F.Canavero, 2015
EMC Standards
Objectives of EMC Standards
• EM spectrum protection
• Adequate power quality
• Compatibility between collocated electrical and electronic systems
for trouble-free operation
Standards setting Institutions
DOD - Department of Defence (USA) MIL standards
IEC -International Electrotechnical Commission EU standards
CISPR -International Special Committee on Radio Interference EU
standards
FCC -Federal Communication Commission (USA)
BSI -British Standard Institution ( UK )
VDE -Verband Deutscher Electrotechniker (Germany)
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01OUX… - Advanced Design for Signal Integrity and Compliance. F.Canavero, 2015
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01OUX… - Advanced Design for Signal Integrity and Compliance. F.Canavero, 2015
Outline
• Overview & Definitions
• Design for EMC compliance
– Examples
• Practical demonstrator
• Virtual design
• Final Remarks
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01OUX… - Advanced Design for Signal Integrity and Compliance. F.Canavero, 2015
Traditional Industrial Approach
1) Functional Design product/system
2) Product Compatibility
in/with its environment product/system
. Tests & Standards environment
. Design modifications
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01OUX… - Advanced Design for Signal Integrity and Compliance. F.Canavero, 2015
A New Scenario
• Information/Communication
Technology constraints
− system complexity
− miniaturization & integration
− signal speed
• Industrial constraints
Time to market!
– quality
– cost reduction
– time to market
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01OUX… - Advanced Design for Signal Integrity and Compliance. F.Canavero, 2015
Implication
Functional design cannot leave out the
compatibility of the product/system
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01OUX… - Advanced Design for Signal Integrity and Compliance. F.Canavero, 2015
Practical Example: a typical electronic product
Electronic circuits on printed circuit board (PCB) to perform the necessary
function
Switched-mode power supply (SMPS) to convert high-voltage AC to low-
voltage DC for the circuits
Interfacing cables for data transfer
and control
Mechanical structure
(metallic or not) to house
PCB, SMPS and other sub-
modules
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01OUX… - Advanced Design for Signal Integrity and Compliance. F.Canavero, 2015
Demonstrator Design
The device:
a simple
counter
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01OUX… - Advanced Design for Signal Integrity and Compliance. F.Canavero, 2015
PCB implementation
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01OUX… - Advanced Design for Signal Integrity and Compliance. F.Canavero, 2015
Radiated emission of PCB connected to a
switching-mode power supply
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01OUX… - Advanced Design for Signal Integrity and Compliance. F.Canavero, 2015
Packaged device into a metal box
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01OUX… - Advanced Design for Signal Integrity and Compliance. F.Canavero, 2015
Radiated emission of PCB
packaged into a metal box
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01OUX… - Advanced Design for Signal Integrity and Compliance. F.Canavero, 2015
PCB redesign
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01OUX… - Advanced Design for Signal Integrity and Compliance. F.Canavero, 2015
Radiated emission of redesigned PCB
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01OUX… - Advanced Design for Signal Integrity and Compliance. F.Canavero, 2015
Packaging redesign
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01OUX… - Advanced Design for Signal Integrity and Compliance. F.Canavero, 2015
Comparison of Radiated emission
of initial and redesigned devices
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01OUX… - Advanced Design for Signal Integrity and Compliance. F.Canavero, 2015
Demonstator: Lessons learnt
Demonstrator design to understand Radiated Electromagnetic
Interference control:
o impact of PCB design (loops, ground potential, …)
o effects of attached cables (need to keep Common Mode
under control)
o product layout and packaging (cables layout, holes and
contacts of metal box, …)
Easy to build, instructive; it requires an EMC lab or at least
some instrumentation
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01OUX… - Advanced Design for Signal Integrity and Compliance. F.Canavero, 2015
Virtual Design
• Products with
− High complexity
− Small size
− High integration
− Reduced time to market
• Need for design before product is built
− Brute-force numerical simulation is often unsuitable
because of memory requirements and execution time
− Models are required
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01OUX… - Advanced Design for Signal Integrity and Compliance. F.Canavero, 2015
Modeling for Design
Global decap
On-package decap
Local decap
Multi-layer stack-up
with several
PWR/GND pair
Local decap
•3D full wave simulators
•Analytic formulations
Magic
•Tools for circuit extraction
Pot
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01OUX… - Advanced Design for Signal Integrity and Compliance. F.Canavero, 2015
Rational fitting: why?
Circuit solvers understand circuits
Any lumped circuit has rational
frequency responses (poles-residues,
poles-zeros, ratio of polynomials)
N
Rn
H (s) H
Magnitude
n 1 s pn
1
S(1,1)
S(8,1)
0.5
Impedance, admittance, scattering
0
0 5 10 15 20 25 30
Phase
5
S(1,1) Extraction of an equivalent circuit
S(8,1)
0 is an inverse problem (two-step)
-5
0 5 10 15 20 25 30
Frequency [GHz]
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01OUX… - Advanced Design for Signal Integrity and Compliance. F.Canavero, 2015
Macromodeling
• Rational approximation
N
Rn
S ( j ) S
n 1 j p n
• Eqv. circuit synthesis
– SPICE ready
#2 #3
#1
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01OUX… - Advanced Design for Signal Integrity and Compliance. F.Canavero, 2015
Use of Macromodel in Simulation
• Arbitrary (non-linear) terminations
010101
#2 #3
#1
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01OUX… - Advanced Design for Signal Integrity and Compliance. F.Canavero, 2015
Modeling for Virtual Design: Lessons learnt
• Methodology to build lumped-element SPICE models of
components based on their frequency-domain
characterization.
– model synthesis to take into account of physical non-idealities (e.g,
frequency-dependent behavior)
– parameters variability to account for manufacturing dispersion
• Combine full-wave solution with macromodeling and
SPICE synthesis
– Evaluation of incident fields
– Independent on the T-line routing path
– Allows computation of distributed sources
– Suitable for optimization, what-if, and sensitivity
– Enables time-domain simulation with NL terminations
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01OUX… - Advanced Design for Signal Integrity and Compliance. F.Canavero, 2015
Outline
• Overview & Definitions
• Design for EMC compliance
– Examples
• Practical demonstrator
• Virtual design
• Final Remarks
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01OUX… - Advanced Design for Signal Integrity and Compliance. F.Canavero, 2015
• For cost-effective compliance, EMC must be
considered throughout product/system
development
available
tools
cost
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01OUX… - Advanced Design for Signal Integrity and Compliance. F.Canavero, 2015
Recommendations
• Be Quantitative!
– No simple hand-waving arguments
– No design rules only
• Do EMC not only to comply with regulations,
but also to improve performance
• Do always a mix of simulation and
measurement (i.e., theory and practice)
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01OUX… - Advanced Design for Signal Integrity and Compliance. F.Canavero, 2015
Conclusion
• EMC
– Is not only reading boring Standards documents
– Is not only doing routine testing of equipment
– Is also creative thinking for challenging problems solution
– It requires strong integration of competencies:
electromagnetics
circuits systems
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