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Enlightenment Thinkers Overview

The document summarizes the major Enlightenment thinkers including their countries, areas of interest, and summaries of their philosophies. Thomas Hobbes from Britain believed that the only legitimate form of government was absolute monarchy based on his view of human nature as selfish. John Locke from Britain advocated for natural rights and consent of the governed in opposition to absolute rule. Charles de Montesquieu from France developed the theory of separation of powers. Jean-Jacques Rousseau from Switzerland addressed freedom and the will of the people as the goal of good government. Adam Smith from the UK is known for his work on free market capitalism and political economy. Benjamin Franklin from the US made contributions to science such as electricity and also believed in

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2K views2 pages

Enlightenment Thinkers Overview

The document summarizes the major Enlightenment thinkers including their countries, areas of interest, and summaries of their philosophies. Thomas Hobbes from Britain believed that the only legitimate form of government was absolute monarchy based on his view of human nature as selfish. John Locke from Britain advocated for natural rights and consent of the governed in opposition to absolute rule. Charles de Montesquieu from France developed the theory of separation of powers. Jean-Jacques Rousseau from Switzerland addressed freedom and the will of the people as the goal of good government. Adam Smith from the UK is known for his work on free market capitalism and political economy. Benjamin Franklin from the US made contributions to science such as electricity and also believed in

Uploaded by

KIki
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© © All Rights Reserved
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SVHS - U.S.

History, Part 1: Assignment Unit 1 | Your Name:


Philosophers Activity: The Enlightenment Thinkers
Research each of the major thinkers of the Enlightenment period and summarize your findings in the table below.

Enlightenment Thinkers
Country
Area of Interest
(Major topics discussed or studied)
Summary of Philosophy or Beliefs
Thomas Hobbes

Britain
For a mind-blowing duration, Hobbes believed that the main valid and right type of government was the total government. He
contended this most commandingly in his milestone work, Leviathan. This conviction originated from the focal fundamental of Hobbes'
regular way of thinking that individuals are, at their center, childish animals.
Hobbes accepted that in man's normal state, moral thoughts don't exist. In this manner, in talking about human instinct, he
characterizes great essentially as that which individuals want and malicious as that which they maintain a strategic distance from, at
any rate in the condition of nature.
John Locke

Britain
John Locke is among the most powerful political savants of the advanced period. In the Two Treatises of Government, he safeguarded
the case that men are essentially free and equivalent against claims that God had made all individuals normally subject to a ruler.
Like Hobbes, Locke accepted that human instinct permitted individuals to be narrow minded. This is obvious with the presentation of
money. In a characteristic express all individuals were equivalent and free, and everybody had a characteristic option to guard his "life,
wellbeing, freedom, or assets".
Charles de Montesquieu

France
His masterwork, The Spirit of Laws, distributed in 1748, had tremendous effect on how governments should function, shunning old style
meanings of government for new depictions. He likewise settled the possibility of a partition of forces—administrative, official and legal
—to all the more successfully spread freedom.
Montesquieu called isolating government power into three branches the "detachment of forces." He thought it generally essential to
make separate parts of government with equivalent yet various forces. That way, the legislature would abstain from setting an
excessive amount of intensity with one individual or gathering of people.
Jean Jacques Rousseau

Switzerland
Jean-Jacques Rousseau was a French thinker and author of the Age of Enlightenment. His Political Philosophy, especially his detailing
of implicit understanding hypothesis emphatically affected the French Revolution and the improvement of Liberal, Conservative and
Socialist hypothesis.
In his work, Rousseau tends to opportunity more than some other issue of political way of thinking and plans to clarify how man in the
condition of nature is honored with a lucky all out opportunity. ... Rousseau accepted that great government must have the opportunity
of every one of its residents as its most central goal.
Adam Smith

UK
Adam Smith is known basically for a solitary work—An Inquiry into the Nature and Causes of the Wealth of Nations, the primary far-
reaching arrangement of political economy — which incorporated Smith's depiction of an arrangement of market-decided wages and
free instead of government-obliged venture, his arrangement of "flawless freedom"— later know as free enterprise private enterprise .
Adam Smith was a financial expert and savant who composed what is considered the "authoritative manual for private enterprise," The
Wealth of Nations, wherein he subtleties the main arrangement of political economy
Benjamin Franklin

US
He turned into a inventor, creating items as assorted as a productive wood-consuming oven and bifocal understanding glasses.
Obviously, his most popular work was with power. In his popular trial with a kite and key, Franklin demonstrated that lightning was a
type of electrical vitality.
In spite of the fact that he stayed away forever to the Calvinism of his youth, the religion of his folks raised a lot of his grown-up
deduction. Franklin had faith in a Creator - God who had incredible insight, goodness, and force. This God made the world, yet
supported it.

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