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Matrices and Determinants

Matrices are represented by capital letters and include concepts like order, types (identity, diagonal, symmetric, skew-symmetric), operations of addition, subtraction, multiplication with scalars and between matrices. Determinants are scalar quantities that can be used to determine properties of matrices like invertibility. They are represented by vertical bars and have applications in finding the area of triangles and testing for collinearity. Key concepts include minors, cofactors, properties of determinants, and using determinants to find the inverse of a matrix.

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893 views2 pages

Matrices and Determinants

Matrices are represented by capital letters and include concepts like order, types (identity, diagonal, symmetric, skew-symmetric), operations of addition, subtraction, multiplication with scalars and between matrices. Determinants are scalar quantities that can be used to determine properties of matrices like invertibility. They are represented by vertical bars and have applications in finding the area of triangles and testing for collinearity. Key concepts include minors, cofactors, properties of determinants, and using determinants to find the inverse of a matrix.

Uploaded by

Abhay
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Matrices and Determinants

(i) Matrices

Concept, notation, order, equality, types of matrices, zero and identity matrix, transpose of a
matrix, symmetric and skew symmetric matrices. Operation on matrices: Addition and
multiplication and multiplication with a scalar. Simple properties of addition, multiplication
and scalar multiplication. Non- commutativity of multiplication of matrices and existence of
non-zero matrices whose product is the zero matrix (restrict to square matrices of order upto
3). Concept of elementary row and column operations. Invertible matrices and proof of the
uniqueness of inverse, if it exists (here all matrices will have real entries).

(ii) Determinants

Determinant of a square matrix (up to 3 x 3 matrices), properties of determinants, minors,


co-factors and applications of determinants in finding the area of a triangle. Adjoint and
inverse of a square matrix. Consistency, inconsistency and number of solutions of system of
linear equations by examples, solving system of linear equations in two or three variables
(having unique solution) using inverse of a matrix.

- Types of matrices (m × n; m, n ≤ 3), order; Identity matrix, Diagonal matrix.

- Symmetric, Skew symmetric.

- Operation – addition, subtraction, multiplication of a matrix with scalar, multiplication of two


matrices (the compatibility).
- Singular and non-singular matrices.
- Existence of two non-zero matrices whose product is a zero matrix.
- Inverse (2×2, 3×3)𝐴 =
| |

Martin’s Rule (i.e. using matrices)


a1x + b1y + c1z = d1
a2x + b2y + c2z = d2
a3x + b3y + c3z = d3

𝑎 𝑏 𝑐 𝑑 𝑥
A= 𝑎 𝑏 𝑐 , B= 𝑑 and X= 𝑦
𝑎 𝑏 𝑐 𝑑 𝑧

𝐴𝑋 = 𝐵 => 𝑋 = 𝐴 𝐵

Problems based on above.


NOTE 1: The conditions for consistency of equations in two and three variables, using matrices,
are to be covered.
NOTE 2: Inverse of a matrix by elementary operations to be covered.
Determinants
- Order.
- Minors.
- Cofactors.
- Expansion.
- Applications of determinants in finding the area of triangle and collinearity.
- Properties of determinants. Problems based on properties of determinants.

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