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Fuzzy Logic Tutorial: What is, Application & Example
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Last Updated: 21 May 2020
What Is Fuzzy Logic?
The term fuzzy mean things which are not very clear or vague. In real life, we may come
across a situation where we can't decide whether the statement is true or false. At that time,
fuzzy logic offers very valuable flexibility for reasoning. We can also consider the
uncertainties of any situation.
Fuzzy logic algorithm helps to solve a problem after considering all available data. Then it
takes the best possible decision for the given the input. The FL method imitates the way of
decision making in a human which consider all the possibilities between digital values T and
F.
In this tutorial, you will learn
What Is Fuzzy Logic?
History of Fuzzy Logic
Characteristics of Fuzzy Logic
When not to use fuzzy logic
Fuzzy Logic Architecture
Fuzzy Logic vs. Probability
Crisp vs. Fuzzy
Classical Set vs. Fuzzy set Theory
Fuzzy Logic Examples
Application Areas of Fuzzy Logic
Advantages of Fuzzy Logic System
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Disadvantages of Fuzzy Logic Systems
History of Fuzzy Logic
Although, the concept of fuzzy logic had been studied since the 1920's. The term fuzzy logic
was first used with 1965 by Lotfi Zadeh a professor of UC Berkeley in California. He
observed that conventional computer logic was not capable of manipulating data representing
subjective or unclear human ideas.
Fuzzy logic has been applied to various fields, from control theory to AI. It was designed to
allow the computer to determine the distinctions among data which is neither true nor false.
Something similar to the process of human reasoning. Like Little dark, Some brightness, etc.
Characteristics of Fuzzy Logic
Here, are some important characteristics of fuzzy logic:
Flexible and easy to implement machine learning technique
Helps you to mimic the logic of human thought
Logic may have two values which represent two possible solutions
Highly suitable method for uncertain or approximate reasoning
Fuzzy logic views inference as a process of propagating elastic constraints
Fuzzy logic allows you to build nonlinear functions of arbitrary complexity.
Fuzzy logic should be built with the complete guidance of experts
When not to use fuzzy logic
However, fuzzy logic is never a cure for all. Therefore, it is equally important to understand
that where we should not use fuzzy logic.
Here, are certain situations when you better not use Fuzzy Logic:
If you don't find it convenient to map an input space to an output space
Fuzzy logic should not be used when you can use common sense
Many controllers can do the fine job without the use of fuzzy logic
Fuzzy Logic Architecture
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Fuzzy Logic architecture has four main parts as shown in the diagram:
Rule Base:
It contains all the rules and the if-then conditions offered by the experts to control the
decision-making system. The recent update in fuzzy theory provides various methods for the
design and tuning of fuzzy controllers. This updates significantly reduce the number of the
fuzzy set of rules.
Fuzzification:
Fuzzification step helps to convert inputs. It allows you to convert, crisp numbers into fuzzy
sets. Crisp inputs measured by sensors and passed into the control system for further
processing. Like Room temperature, pressure, etc.
Inference Engine:
It helps you to determines the degree of match between fuzzy input and the rules. Based on the
% match, it determines which rules need implment according to the given input field. After
this, the applied rules are combined to develop the control actions.
Defuzzification:
At last the Defuzzification process is performed to convert the fuzzy sets into a crisp value.
There are many types of techniques available, so you need to select it which is best suited
when it is used with an expert system.
Fuzzy Logic vs. Probability
Fuzzy Logic Probability
Fuzzy: Tom's degree of membership within the set of Probability: There is a 90%
old people is 0.90. chance that Tom is old.
Fuzzy logic takes truth degrees as a mathematical basis Probability is a mathematical
on the model of the vagueness phenomenon. model of ignorance.
Crisp vs. Fuzzy
Crisp Fuzzy
It has strict boundary T or F Fuzzy boundary with a degree of
membership
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Some crisp time set can be fuzzy It can't be crisp
True/False {0,1} Membership values on [0,1]
In Crisp logic law of Excluded Middle and In the fuzzy logic law of Excluded
Non- Contradiction may or may not hold Middle and Non- Contradiction hold
Classical Set vs. Fuzzy set Theory
Classical Set Fuzzy Set Theory
Classes of objects with sharp boundaries. Classes of objects do not have sharp
boundaries.
A classical set is defined by crisp A fuzzy set always has ambiguous
boundaries, i.e., there is clarity about the boundaries, i.e., there may be uncertainty
location of the set boundaries. about the location of the set boundaries.
Widely used in digital system design Used only in fuzzy controllers.
Fuzzy Logic Examples
See the below-given diagram. It shows that in fuzzy systems, the values are denoted by a 0 to
1 number. In this example, 1.0 means absolute truth and 0.0 means absolute falseness.
Application Areas of Fuzzy Logic
The Blow given table shows how famous companies using fuzzy logic in their products.
Product Company Fuzzy Logic
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Anti-lock Nissan Use fuzzy logic to controls brakes in hazardous
brakes cases depend on car speed, acceleration, wheel
speed, and acceleration
Auto NOK/Nissan Fuzzy logic is used to control the fuel injection
transmission and ignition based on throttle setting, cooling
water temperature, RPM, etc.
Auto engine Honda, Nissan Use to select geat based on engine load, driving
style, and road conditions.
Copy machine Canon Using for adjusting drum voltage based on picture
density, humidity, and temperature.
Cruise control Nissan, Isuzu, Use it to adjusts throttle setting to set car speed
Mitsubishi and acceleration
Dishwasher Matsushita Use for adjusting the cleaning cycle, rinse and
wash strategies based depend upon the number of
dishes and the amount of food served on the
dishes.
Elevator Fujitec, Mitsubishi Use it to reduce waiting for time-based on
control Electric, Toshiba passenger traffic
Golf diagnostic Maruman Golf Selects golf club based on golfer's swing and
system physique.
Fitness Omron Fuzzy rules implied by them to check the fitness
management of their employees.
Kiln control Nippon Steel Mixes cement
Microwave Mitsubishi Sets lunes power and cooking strategy
oven Chemical
Palmtop Hitachi, Sharp, Recognizes handwritten Kanji characters
computer Sanyo, Toshiba
Plasma etching Mitsubishi Electric Sets etch time and strategy
Advantages of Fuzzy Logic System
The structure of Fuzzy Logic Systems is easy and understandable
Fuzzy logic is widely used for commercial and practical purposes
It helps you to control machines and consumer products
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It may not offer accurate reasoning, but the only acceptable reasoning
It helps you to deal with the uncertainty in engineering
Mostly robust as no precise inputs required
It can be programmed to in the situation when feedback sensor stops working
It can easily be modified to improve or alter system performance
inexpensive sensors can be used which helps you to keep the overall system cost and
complexity low
It provides a most effective solution to complex issues
Disadvantages of Fuzzy Logic Systems
Fuzzy logic is not always accurate, so The results are perceived based on assumption, so it
may not be widely accepted.
Fuzzy systems don't have the capability of machine learning as-well-as neural network type
pattern recognition
Validation and Verification of a fuzzy knowledge-based system needs extensive testing with
hardware
Setting exact, fuzzy rules and, membership functions is a difficult task
Some fuzzy time logic is confused with probability theory and the terms
Summary
The term fuzzy mean things which are not very clear or vague
The term fuzzy logic was first used with 1965 by Lotfi Zadeh a professor of UC Berkeley in
California
Fuzzy logic is a flexible and easy to implement machine learning technique
Fuzzy logic should not be used when you can use common sense
Fuzzy Logic architecture has four main parts 1) Rule Basse 2) Fuzzification 3) Inference
Engine 4) Defuzzification
Fuzzy logic takes truth degrees as a mathematical basis on the model of the vagueness while
probability is a mathematical model of ignorance
Crisp set has strict boundary T or F while Fuzzy boundary with a degree of membership
A classical set is widely used in digital system design while fuzzy set Used only in fuzzy
controllers
Auto transmission, Fitness management, Golf diagnostic system, Dishwasher, Copy machine
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are some applications areas of fuzzy logic
Fuzzy logic helps you to control machines and consumer products
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