MEHRAN UNIVERSITY OF ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY, JAMSHORO
INSTITUTE OF INFORMATION & COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES
ADVANCED DIGITAL SIGNAL PROCESSING
Lab 2: Generation of commonly used signals using MATLAB
Objective values defined by n. The vectors n and x must, of course,
have compatible dimensions. Following example will
The objective of this lab is to generate and plot com- help you draw such a waveform.
monly used continuous as well as discrete time signals.
3.1 Example
1 Triangular Wave
Generate discrete time square wave of amplitude 3 and
MATLAB has a built-in function sawtooth to generate frequency of 2 Hz
a periodic triangular waveform. Following example will clc , clear all , close all
help you draw such a waveform. t = 0:0.1:1; % time ( sampling freq . 10 Hz )
A = 3; % amplitude
f = 2; % frequency
1.1 Example y = A * square (2* pi * f * t ) ; % the command y (y <0) =0;
removes - ve values
Generate triangular wave having amplitude of 2 and fre- stem (t , y )
quency of 2 Hz with a width of 0.5 units axis ([0 1 -4 4])
xlabel ( ’ Time in seconds ’)
clc , clear all , close all ylabel ( ’ Amplitude ’)
t = 0:.0001:1; % time title ( ’ Discrete Signal ’ )
A = 2; % amplitude grid
f = 2; % frequency
W = 0.5; % width A discrete time unit step function u(n) may be created
y = A * sawtooth (2* pi * f *t , W );
plot (t , y ) using following example.
axis ([0 1 -3 3])
clc , clear all , close all
xlabel ( ’ Time in seconds ’)
t = 0:0.1:5;
ylabel ( ’ Amplitude ’)
x = ones (1 , length ( t ) ) ;
title ( ’ Triangula r Wave ’)
stem (t , x )
grid
axis ([0 1 -4 4])
xlabel ( ’ Time in seconds ’)
ylabel ( ’ Amplitude ’)
title ( ’ Step Function ’)
2 Square Wave axis ([ -1 5 0 2])
grid
MATLAB has a built-in function square to generate a
periodic square waveform. Following example will help
you draw such a waveform.
4 Exponential Signals
2.1 Example
There are two types of exponential signals namely de-
Generate a square wave having amplitude 3 and fre- caying exponentials and growing exponentials. Follow-
quency of 2 Hz ing example will help you draw such a waveform.
clc , clear all , close all
t = 0:.0001:1; % time
A = 3; % amplitude 4.1 Example
f = 2; % frequency
d = 50; % duty cycle in percentag e Generate growing and decaying exponential signals with
y = A * square (2* pi * f *t , d ) ; amplitude 2
plot (t , y )
axis ([0 1 -4 4]) clc , clear all , close all
xlabel ( ’ Time in seconds ’) t = 0:0.1:1; % time
ylabel ( ’ Amplitude ’) A = 3; % amplitude
title ( ’ Square Wave ’) g = A * exp ( A * t ) ; % growing
grid d = A * exp ( - A * t ); % decaying
subplot (2 ,1 ,1)
plot (t , g )
title ( ’ Growing Exponenti a l Function ’)
3 Discrete Time Signals grid
subplot (2 ,1 ,2)
plot (t , d )
To visualize a discrete time signal, we may use the stem title ( ’ Decaying Exponent i al Function ’)
function. Specifically, stem(n,x) depicts the data con- grid
tained in vector x as a discrete time signal at the time
1/2
MEHRAN UNIVERSITY OF ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY, JAMSHORO
INSTITUTE OF INFORMATION & COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES
ADVANCED DIGITAL SIGNAL PROCESSING
Lab 2: Generation of commonly used signals using MATLAB
5 Even and Odd Signals 6 Exercise
The even and odd parts of a signal x(t) are computed 1. Generate a discrete time triangular wave of unity
by using the following formulae. amplitude with width 0 and frequency π/8 radians
per second. Plot for 100 seconds (0 to 100 sec).
Even, xe (t) = 1/2 [x(t) + x(−t)]
Odd, xo (t) = 1/2 [x(t) − x(−t)] 2. Draw the following sinusoidal signals for 100
Where, x(−t) is reflected signal of x(t), i.e. the trans- seconds.
formed image obtained is exactly the mirror image of (a) A cos(ω + f )
the parent signal.
(b) A sin(ω + f )
where A = 4; ω = π/8 and f = 30 degrees.
5.1 Example Note: Convert degrees into radians.
Consider a signal which is mathematically represented
3. Draw the following signals
as follows.
(a) x(t) = 5e−6t
1/2(t + 1) −1 ≤ t ≤ 1
x(t) = (b) y(t) = 3e5t
0 elsewhere
(c) z(t) = 60 sin(20πt)e−6t
(d) x(n) = 2(0.85)n
2 (e) y(n) = 60 sin(20πn)e−6n
4. Draw the signal x[n] = n (ramp function)
1
5. Plot continuous time and discrete time sinc func-
tion (i.e. sin(x)/x) for x between -5 and 5. Use the
−2 −1 1 2 built-in function sinc.
−1 6. Plot a rectangular function of width 3 units. (use
the built-in function rectpuls.
−2 7. Draw a discrete time triangular pulse using the
built-in function tripuls. Plot the function from
-3 to 3 seconds.
The Matlab code to plot this signal is following.
8. Find and plot u(n) − u(n − 5), where u(n) is a dis-
clc , clear all , close all
crete time unit step signal.
t = -1:0.0001:1;
x = 1/2*( t +1) ;
plot (t , x ) , grid
9. Plot the following signals for −5 ≤ t ≤ 5 seconds.
hold on Also plot even and odd parts of each.
line ([ -2 2] ,[0 0] , ’ Color ’ ,[.8 .8 .8])
line ([0 0] ,[ -2 2] , ’ Color ’ ,[.8 .8 .8]) (a) x(t) = cos(t) + sin(t) + cos(t) sin(t)
hold off
(b) x(t) = (1 + t3) cos 3(10t)
Now, even and odd parts of the signal may be plotted
(c) x(n) = [1 1 1 1 0 0 0]
as follows.
clc , clear all , close all (d) y(n) = [1 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 1]
t = -1:0.0001:1;
x = 1/2*( t +1) ; Also compute the energy of x(n) and y(n).
x1 = fliplr ( x ) ; % folded version of the signal Hint: Energy of a signal x(n) may be computed as
xe = 1/2*( x + x1 ) ; % Even part sum(abs(x.2 )).
xo = 1/2*( x - x1 ) ; % Odd part
subplot (2 ,1 ,1)
plot (t , xe )
xlabel ( ’ Time ’ )
ylabel ( ’ Even part of x ( t ) ’)
subplot (2 ,1 ,2)
plot (t , xo )
xlabel ( ’ Time ’)
ylabel ( ’ Odd part of x ( t ) ’ )
2/2
