3.
2 Active Fire Protection System
Active fire protection systems such as water sprinkler and spray systems are widely used
in the process industries for protection of storage vessels, process plant, loading installations
and warehouses. The duty of the fire protection system may be to extinguish the fire, control
the fire, or provide exposure protection to prevent domino effects. For some applications foam
pourers or fixed water monitors may be a more appropriate method of delivery than sprays or
sprinklers. Other more specialised systems using inert gases and halogen based gases are used
for flooding enclosed spaces.
The objective of the fire protection system is to reduce the potential of death or injury to
the occupants of a building and others who may become involved, such as the fire and rescue
service, as well as to protect contents and ensure that as much as possible of a building can
continue to function after a fire and that it can be repaired. It is important for a building to be
designed an acceptable level of fire safety and minimize the risks from heat and smoke. The
risk to adjoining properties also needs to be considered, as well as possible environmental
pollution. Fire protection system can be divided into two main categories based on their
function which is active and passive fire protection that need to kept well maintained in a
building that it will work when it counts or during the next fire related emergency. The
following site factors should be considered in determining whether active and passive fire
protection measures are required:-
1. fire hazard posed by substance.
2. toxicity of substances and the smoke [Link] size.
3. frequency of hazardous operations.
4. distance to other hazardous installations.
5. available access to fight fire.
6. fire fighting capability of on site emergency response team.
7. response time of nearest fire brigade.
8. resources available to fire brigade.
Active system in the ppkmicroelectronic building.
The types of fire detection system proposed in the building is automatic fire detection system,
the active system are fire detector, fire sprinkler system, fire extinguisher and fire alarms.
Figure 1: fire detector system
A fire detector works by detecting smoke or heat. These devices respond to the presence of
smoke or extremely high temperatures that are present with a fire. After the device has been
activated, it will send a signal to the alarm system to perform the programmed response for
that zone. The detector of the fire system can be divided into optical detectors and UV
detector. Optical detector is the most commonly used which is use for detecting flames. UV
detector work very quickly which can detect open flames, explosions, and fires within four
million seconds, due to the UV radiation emitted at the instant of ignition.
Figure 2: Fire sprinkler system
The second type of fire protection is fire sprinkler. For general building in Malaysia the wet
pipe system usually used. Fire sprinklers work on high heat triggers the sprinkler system.
When a blaze ignites, the air directly above it heats rapidly. A fire sprinkler system is an
active fire protection method, consisting of a water supply system, providing adequate
pressure and flowrate to a water distribution piping system, onto which fire sprinklers are
connected. When a sprinkler head operates, the water pressure in the system drops, activating
an alarm which often automatically calls the fire service via a telephone connection. When an
automatic sprinkler is exposed for a sufficient time to a temperature at or above the
temperature rating, the heat sensitive element (glass bulb or fusible link) releases, allowing
water to flow from that sprinkler.
(a) (b)
Figure 3: fire extinguisher (a)carbon dioxide (b)ABC powder
The most affordable and common fire extinguisher used in the laboratory are ABC powder
and carbon dioxide. Hence, this two type of fire extinguisher are proposed to used in this
building. ABC powder extinguishers can be used on some electrical fires while carbon
dioxide is used for flammable liquids, like paint and petrol. All the fire extinguisher must
placed at the entire building with label for a guide if fire happen. This is because there are labs
and water distribution houses with gaseous fire sources that allow fire to happen easily.
5.2 Standard and Requirement for Active Fire Protection System
Uniform Building By Law (UBBL) 1984
A. Hose Reel System
B. Sprinkler System
C. Gaseous Extinquishing System
D. Pressurized Fire Hydrant
1. Manual Electric Fire Alarm
2. Automatic Fire Detector System
3. Centralised Monitoring System
4. Public Address System
5. Fire Command Center
A. Hose Reel System
B. Sprinkler System
C. Gaseous Extinquishing System
D. Pressurized Fire Hydrant
1. Manual Electric Fire Alarm
2. Automatic Fire Detector System
3. Centralised Monitoring System
4. Public Address System
5. Fire Command Center
A. Hose Reel System
B. Sprinkler System
C. Gaseous Extinquishing System
D. Pressurized Fire Hydrant
1. Manual Electric Fire Alarm
2. Automatic Fire Detector System
3. Centralised Monitoring System
4. Public Address System
5. Fire Command Center
A. Hose Reel System
B. Sprinkler System
C. Gaseous Extinquishing System
D. Pressurized Fire Hydrant
1. Manual Electric Fire Alarm
2. Automatic Fire Detector System
3. Centralised Monitoring System
4. Public Address System
5. Fire Command Center
A. Hose Reel System
B. Sprinkler System
C. Gaseous Extinquishing System
D. Pressurized Fire Hydrant
1. Manual Electric Fire Alarm
2. Automatic Fire Detector System
3. Centralised Monitoring System
4. Public Address System
5. Fire Command Center
A. Hose Reel System
B. Sprinkler System
C. Gaseous Extinquishing System
D. Pressurized Fire Hydrant
1. Manual Electric Fire Alarm
2. Automatic Fire Detector System
3. Centralised Monitoring System
4. Public Address System
5. Fire Command Center
A. Hose Reel System
B. Sprinkler System
C. Gaseous Extinquishing System
D. Pressurized Fire Hydrant
1. Manual Electric Fire Alarm
2. Automatic Fire Detector System
3. Centralised Monitoring System
4. Public Address System
5. Fire Command Center
A. Hose Reel System
B. Sprinkler System
C. Gaseous Extinquishing System
D. Pressurized Fire Hydrant
1. Manual Electric Fire Alarm
2. Automatic Fire Detector System
3. Centralised Monitoring System
4. Public Address System
5. Fire Command Center
A. Hose Reel System
B. Sprinkler System
C. Gaseous Extinquishing System
D. Pressurized Fire Hydrant
1. Manual Electric Fire Alarm
2. Automatic Fire Detector System
3. Centralised Monitoring System
4. Public Address System
5. Fire Command Center
