CE-4706 STRUCTURAL ENGINEERING 1 OF 21 Muhammad Irfan Khan
Lecture on
Beam Analysis Using the Stiffness Method
17-OCT-2017
CE-4706 STRUCTURAL ENGINEERING 5 OF 21 Muhammad Irfan Khan
Beam
• A beam consists of a straight member having one or more points of support.
• Forces act in a plane.
• All external couples acting on the beam having their moment vectors normal to this
plane.
• Beams deflect in the plane of loading without twist.
• Analysis of the beam may result in internal stresses at any cross-section of beam and
in general case may include a shearing force and bending moment.
Unknown actions per member = 2
Equilibrium equations per joint = 2
Displacement per joint = 2
17-OCT-2017
CE-4706 STRUCTURAL ENGINEERING Muhammad Irfan Khan
Beam-Member Stiffness Matrix
24-OCT-2017
CE-4706 STRUCTURAL ENGINEERING Muhammad Irfan Khan
Beam-Member Stiffness Matrix
24-OCT-2017
CE-4706 STRUCTURAL ENGINEERING Muhammad Irfan Khan
Beam-Member Stiffness Matrix
24-OCT-2017
CE-4706 STRUCTURAL ENGINEERING Muhammad Irfan Khan
Beam-Member Stiffness Matrix
24-OCT-2017
CE-4706 STRUCTURAL ENGINEERING Muhammad Irfan Khan
Beam-Member Stiffness Matrix
24-OCT-2017
CE-4706 STRUCTURAL ENGINEERING Muhammad Irfan Khan
Beam-Member Stiffness Matrix
24-OCT-2017
CE-4706 STRUCTURAL ENGINEERING Muhammad Irfan Khan
Beam-Member Stiffness Matrix
24-OCT-2017
CE-4706 STRUCTURAL ENGINEERING Muhammad Irfan Khan
Beam-Member Stiffness Matrix
24-OCT-2017
CE-4706 STRUCTURAL ENGINEERING Muhammad Irfan Khan
Beam-Member Stiffness Matrix
24-OCT-2017
CE-4706 STRUCTURAL ENGINEERING Muhammad Irfan Khan
Beam-Member Stiffness Matrix
24-OCT-2017
CE-4706 STRUCTURAL ENGINEERING Muhammad Irfan Khan
Beam-Member Stiffness Matrix
24-OCT-2017
CE-4706 STRUCTURAL ENGINEERING Muhammad Irfan Khan
Beam-Member Stiffness Matrix
24-OCT-2017
CE-4706 STRUCTURAL ENGINEERING Muhammad Irfan Khan
Beam-Member Stiffness Matrix
24-OCT-2017
CE-4706 STRUCTURAL ENGINEERING Muhammad Irfan Khan
Stiffness method for beam
The concept given in the analysis of truss will be extended and apply to the analysis of
beams.
Member and node identification:
• In order to apply the stiffness method for the analysis of beam, we first determine
how to sub-divide the beam into its finite element components.
• Each element/member must be free from load and has a prismatic cross section.
• For this reason the node of each element is located at Supports or at Points:
Where members are connected together
Where external force is applied
Where cross-sectional area of the member changes
Where vertical or rotational displacement at a point is to be determined.
24-OCT-2017
CE-4706 STRUCTURAL ENGINEERING Muhammad Irfan Khan
Stiffness method for beam
Global and local coordinate system:
• Global coordinate system will be identified using x, y, z axis.
• Local or member coordinate will be identified by x’, y’, z’ axis.
• In case of beam, member axis and local axis lie above each other will yield the same
result.
• There is no need of transformation matrix.
24-OCT-2017
CE-4706 STRUCTURAL ENGINEERING Muhammad Irfan Khan
Beam-Member Stiffness Matrix
24-OCT-2017
CE-4706 STRUCTURAL ENGINEERING Muhammad Irfan Khan
Stiffness method for beam
Total Structural Stiffness Matrix:
• Once all the members stiffness matrices (k) have been found, we must assemble the
into structural stiffness matrix (K).
• The formation of member stiffness matrix depends on knowing the location of each
element in member stiffness matrix and then adding or assembling them w.r.t to their
locations identified by their nodes.
• This procedure is similar to that, as being done in case of trusses.
24-OCT-2017
CE-4706 STRUCTURAL ENGINEERING Muhammad Irfan Khan
Stiffness method for beam
Equivalent joint loads:
In general loads on a structure may be divided into two types:
a) Loads acting on joints (Actual Loading)
b) Loads acting on the members (Domain loading)
Loads acting on the members can be replaced by equivalent loads acting on the joints.
Such substitutions are called equivalent joint loads.
When these joint loads are added to the actual joint loads, the total load which results
are called combine joint loads.
24-OCT-2017
CE-4706 STRUCTURAL ENGINEERING Muhammad Irfan Khan
Stiffness method for beam
Equivalent joint loads:
24-OCT-2017
CE-4706 STRUCTURAL ENGINEERING Muhammad Irfan Khan
Equivalent joint loads:
24-OCT-2017
CE-4706 STRUCTURAL ENGINEERING Muhammad Irfan Khan
Procedure for Analysis
The following method provides a means of determining the displacements, support
reactions and internal loadings for the members or finite elements of indeterminate
beams
• Divide the beam into finite elements and arbitrary identify each element and its nodes.
Use a number written in a circle for a node and a number written in a square for a
member.
• An element extends between points of support, points of concentrated loads, ot to
points where internal loading or displacements are to be determined. Also, E and I for
the element kept constant.
• At each nodal point specify numerically the y and z code numbers.
• Determine the stiffness matrix for each element expressed in global coordinates.
24-OCT-2017
CE-4706 STRUCTURAL ENGINEERING Muhammad Irfan Khan
Procedure for Analysis
• After each member stiffness matrix is determined, and the rows and columns are
identified with the appropriate code numbers, assemble the matrices to determine the
structural stiffness matrix K.
• Identify the boundary conditions to determine the known and unknown values of
force matrix and displacement matrix.
• Determine the unknown displacements followed by the support reactions using the
structural stiffness equation.
• The internal shear and moment q at the ends of each beam element can be determined
by using the following equation.
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