Deploying IPv6 in

OpenStack
Environments
Shannon McFarland - CCIE #5245
Distinguished Engineer
Cloud Platform & Services Group
@eyepv6
Agenda
• General OpenStack + IPv6 Stuff
• Tenant IPv6
• Address Assignment: SLAAC, Stateless DHCPv6, Stateful DHCPv6
• Provider Networks
• IPv6 Only
• IPv6 Prefix Delegation
• IPv6 with Heat
• IPv6 with L3 High-Availability
• Next Time
• Conclusion
Reference Material

• https://github.com/shmcfarl/my-heat-templates
• https://github.com/shmcfarl/my-heat-templates/blob/master/new-v6-only-
lbaasv2.yaml
• Some posts with more details: http://www.debug-all.com/
• Tenant IPv6 Deployment: http://www.debug-all.com/?m=201505
• Tenant IPv6 Deployment using Heat: http://www.debug-
all.com/?m=201506
General OpenStack + IPv6
Stuff
It’s The End Of The World As We Know It

• IANA and RIRs are out or almost out of IPv4 addresses:

• https://www.arin.net/knowledge/ipv6_info_center.html
• https://www.ripe.net/publications/ipv6-info-centre
• https://www.apnic.net/community/ipv6-program
• http://afrinic.net/services/ipv6-programme
• http://portalipv6.lacnic.net/en/
• It’s easy to get IPv6 addressing and the general deployment of IPv6
on your infrastructure is much easier to do than it used to be - no
excuses not to do it
The Hard Stuff – IPv6 + Cloud
• Inside of a Cloud stack you have a lot of moving parts and they all ride on IP:
• API endpoints
• Provisioning, Orchestration and Management services
• Boatload of protocols and databases and high-availability components
• Virtual networking services <> Physical networking

• It has been a bumpy road to getting a solid IPv6 implementation in OpenStack

• Most of the core IPv6 requirements are met except for IPv6 PD HA and IPv6-only Metadata (config-drive seems to
be good enough)

• Tenant IPv6 Address Assignment via:

• SLAAC, Stateful DHCPv6, Stateless DHCPv6
• ipv6_ra_mode attribute - Control of router advertisements for a subnet
• ipv6_address_mode attribute - Control of how addressing is handled by OpenStack

• Two common approaches for IPv6 support:

• Dual-Stack everything (Service Tier + Tenant Access Tier [Tenant management interface along with VM network access])
• Conditional Dual stack (Tenant Access Tier only – API endpoints & DBs are still IPv4)
 Cloud Stack – IP Version Options
Dual-Stack Everything Conditional Dual-Stack
Service Tier/Control Tenant Service Tier/Control Tenant 1 Tenant 2
Plane Access Tier Plane Access Tier Access Tier

IPv4/IPv6 API endpoints VM Operating IPv4 API endpoints VM Operating VM Operating

IPv4/IPv6 IPv4/IPv6 IPv6
System System System
IPv4/IPv6 Database(s) IPv4 Database(s)
Virtual Virtual Virtual
IPv4/IPv6 Networking IPv4/IPv6 Networking IPv6 Networking
IPv4/IPv6 Automation (L2/L3) IPv4 Automation (L2/L3) (L2/L3)
Virtual Virtual Virtual
Interface Interface
IPv4/IPv6 (GUI, CLI) IPv4/IPv6 Network IPv4/IPv6 (GUI, CLI) IPv4/IPv6 Network IPv6 Network
Services Services Services
(SLB/FW) (SLB/FW) (SLB/FW)

Tenant Tenant Tenant

IPv4/IPv6 Interface IPv4/IPv6 Interface IPv6 Interface
(GUI, CLI) (GUI, CLI) (GUI, CLI)
Tenant IPv6 Deployment
Address Assignment:
Neutron L3-Router -
SLAAC, DHCPv6 Stateless,
DHCPv6 Stateful
Tenant IPv6 Address Options
Don’t do this
Tenant 1 = 2001:DB8:1::/48 Tenant 1 = 2001:DB8:1::/48
2001:420::/32 Tenant 2 = 2001:DB8:2::/48 Tenant 2 = 2001:DB8:2::/48
XLATE/Proxy

:BAD:BEEF::/64 :DEAD:BEEF::/64 :1000::/64 :2000::/64 ULA Block/48 ULA Block/48

::A ::A ::A ::A ::A ::A

FDDE:50EE:79DA:1::/64
FD9C:58ED:7D73:1::/64
Web Web Web Web Web Web
:DEAD:FACE::/64
:BAD:FACE::/64

Server Server Server Server Server Server

:1001::/64

:2001::/64
::1 ::1 ::1 ::1 ::1 ::1
::2 ::2 ::2 ::2 ::2 ::2
App App App App App App
Server Server Server Server Server Server

Tenant 1 Tenant 2 Tenant 1 Tenant 2 Tenant 1 Tenant 2

Option 1 Option 2 Option 3
Cloud Provider-assigned Tenant Brings Addressing Prefix Translation
Addressing
Neutron Addressing Schemes Reference
ipv6_ra_mode ipv6_address_mode Result Address Value
SLAAC N/S Address using Neutron router Configuration
N/S SLAAC Address using external router Flags
SLAAC SLAAC Address using Neutron router Auto 1
Managed 0
ipv6_ra_mode ipv6_address_mode Result Other 0
DHCPv6- N/S Address using Neutron router and optional
stateless information using external service
Address Value
N/S DHCPv6-stateless Address using external router and optional
Configuration
information using Neutron DHCP
Flags
implementation
Auto 1
DHCPv6- DHCPv6-stateless Address and optional information using
Managed 0
stateless Neutron router and DHCP implementation
respectively Other 1

ipv6_ra_mode ipv6_address_mode Result

DHCPv6-stateful N/S Address and optional information using Address Value
external service Configuration
N/S DHCPv6-stateful Address and optional information using Flags
Neutron DHCP implementation Auto 0
DHCPv6-stateful DHCPv6-stateful Address and optional information using Managed 1
Neutron DHCP implementation Other 1

http://docs.openstack.org/mitaka/networking-guide/config-ipv6.html
Tenant IPv6 - Neutron L3 Example
 Reference

Create the Public Network/Subnet

neutron net-create public --router:external

neutron subnet-create --name public-subnet --allocation-pool start=172.16.12.5,

end=172.16.12.254 public 172.16.12.0/24

neutron subnet-create --ip-version=6 --name=public-v6-subnet --allocation-pool start=2001:db8:cafe:d::5,

end=2001:db8:cafe:d:ffff:ffff:ffff:fffe --disable-dhcp public 2001:db8:cafe:d::/64

DC

rtr

IPv4: 172.16.12.0/24 IPv6: 2001:db8:cafe:d::/64

.5 ::5

Router
 Reference
2001:db8:cafe:a::e

SLAAC Mode DNS

neutron net-create private

DC
neutron subnet-create --ip-version=6 --name=private_v6_subnet --ipv6-address-mode=slaac
--ipv6-ra-mode=slaac private 2001:db8:cafe::/64
+-------------------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| Field | Value |
IPv4: 172.16.12.0/24 IPv6: 2001:db8:cafe:d::/64
+-------------------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------+ .5 ::5
| allocation_pools | {"start": "2001:db8:cafe::2", "end": "2001:db8:cafe:0:ffff:ffff:ffff:fffe"} |
| cidr | 2001:db8:cafe::/64 |
| dns_nameservers | | Router
| enable_dhcp | True |
| gateway_ip | 2001:db8:cafe::1 | .1 ::1
| host_routes | |
| id | 42cc3dbc-938b-4ad6-b12e-59aef7618477 |
| ip_version | 6 | IPv4: 10.0.0.0/24 IPv6: 2001:db8:cafe:0::/64
| ipv6_address_mode | slaac |
| ipv6_ra_mode | slaac |
| name | private_v6_subnet | Instance
| network_id | 7166ce15-c581-4195-9479-ad2283193d06 |
| subnetpool_id | |
| tenant_id | f057804eb39b4618b40e06196e16265b | IPv4: 10.0.0.9
+-------------------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------+ IPv6: 2001:db8:cafe:0:f816:3eff:fe79:5acc
 Reference
2001:db8:cafe:a::e

Router Example DNS

neutron router-create private-router

DC
neutron router-gateway-set private-router public

neutron router-interface-add private-router private-v4-subnet IPv4: 172.16.12.0/24 IPv6: 2001:db8:cafe:d::/64

.5 ::5
neutron router-interface-add private-router private-v6-subnet
Router

.1 ::1

IPv4: 10.0.0.0/24 IPv6: 2001:db8:cafe:0::/64

Instance

IPv4: 10.0.0.9
IPv6: 2001:db8:cafe:0:f816:3eff:fe79:5acc
 Reference

SLAAC Mode Info

• OpenStack will not inject the IPv6 DNS entry from the subnet
dns_nameservers entry
• Options
• Manually setting the IPv6 DNS server entry in the resolv.conf file allows for
correct IPv6-based name resolution
• Bake DNS settings into your image
• Cloud-init to inject the DNS configuration
• You do get A and AAAA records back over IPv4 transport
• Basically, it works as it should
 Reference

SLAAC Mode – Sniffer Capture

15:08:01.520353 IP6 (hlim 255, next-header ICMPv6 (58) payload length: 16) fe80::f816:3eff:fe79:5acc > ff02::2: [icmp6 sum ok] ICMP6, router
solicitation, length 16
source link-address option (1), length 8 (1): fa:16:3e:79:5a:cc
0x0000: fa16 3e79 5acc

15:08:01.520667 IP6 (hlim 255, next-header ICMPv6 (58) payload length: 56) fe80::f816:3eff:fec3:17b4 > ff02::1: [icmp6 sum ok] ICMP6, router
advertisement, length 56
hop limit 64, Flags [none], pref medium, router lifetime 30s, reachable time 0s, retrans time 0s
prefix info option (3), length 32 (4): 2001:db8:cafe::/64, Flags [onlink, auto], valid time 86400s, pref. time 14400s
0x0000: 40c0 0001 5180 0000 3840 0000 0000 2001
0x0010: 0db8 cafe 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000
source link-address option (1), length 8 (1): fa:16:3e:c3:17:b4
0x0000: fa16 3ec3 17b4
15:08:02.256004 IP6 (hlim 1, next-header Options (0) payload length: 36) fe80::f816:3eff:fe79:5acc > ff02::16: HBH (rtalert: 0x0000) (padn) [icmp6 sum
ok] ICMP6, multicast listener report v2, 1 group record(s) [gaddr ff02::1:ff79:5acc is_ex { }]
15:08:02.484047 IP6 (hlim 255, next-header ICMPv6 (58) payload length: 24) :: > ff02::1:ff79:5acc: [icmp6 sum ok] ICMP6, neighbor solicitation, length
24, who has 2001:db8:cafe:0:f816:3eff:fe79:5acc
 Reference
2001:db8:cafe:a::e

Stateless DHCPv6 Mode DNS

neutron net-create private-dhcpv6-stateless

DC
neutron subnet-create --ip-version=6 --name=private_dhcpv6_stateless_subnet
--ipv6-address-mode=dhcpv6-stateless --ipv6-ra-mode=dhcpv6-stateless private-dhcpv6-stateless
2001:db8:cafe:2::/64 --dns-nameserver 2001:db8:cafe:a::e
+-------------------+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ IPv4: 172.16.12.0/24 IPv6: 2001:db8:cafe:d::/64
| Field | Value | .5 ::5
+-------------------+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| allocation_pools | {"start": "2001:db8:cafe:2::2", "end": "2001:db8:cafe:2:ffff:ffff:ffff:fffe"} |
| cidr | 2001:db8:cafe:2::/64 | Router
| dns_nameservers | 2001:db8:cafe:a::e |
| enable_dhcp | True | .1 ::1
| gateway_ip | 2001:db8:cafe:2::1 |
| host_routes | |
| id | e63e72d5-493a-4a49-8f7d-8846c2bc7a8f | IPv4: 10.0.2.0/24 IPv6: 2001:db8:cafe:2:/64
| ip_version | 6 |
| ipv6_address_mode | dhcpv6-stateless |
| ipv6_ra_mode | dhcpv6-stateless | Instance
| name | private_dhcpv6_stateless_subnet |
| network_id | 27618d5e-318c-46a4-b6a2-a155beed9643 |
IPv4: 10.0.2.4
| subnetpool_id | |
| tenant_id | f057804eb39b4618b40e06196e16265b | IPv6: 2001:db8:cafe:2:f816:3eff:fefe:d157
+-------------------+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
 Reference

DHCPv6 Stateless Mode Info

• Enable client for DHCPv6 Stateless:
Ubuntu CentOS/RHEL/Fedora
/etc/network/interfaces /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-xxxx
auto eth0 IPV6INIT="yes"
iface eth0 inet dhcp DHCPV6C="yes”
iface eth0 inet6 auto DHCPV6C_OPTIONS="-S"
dhcp 1

• Then you get addressing and options:

ubuntu@dhcpv6-stateless-4:~$ more /etc/resolv.conf
# Dynamic resolv.conf(5) file for glibc resolver(3) generated by resolvconf(8)
# DO NOT EDIT THIS FILE BY HAND -- YOUR CHANGES WILL BE OVERWRITTEN
nameserver 172.16.10.14
nameserver 2001:db8:cafe:a::e
search openstacklocal
 Reference

DHCPv6 Stateless Mode – Sniffer Capture

15:43:23.911172 IP6 (hlim 255, next-header ICMPv6 (58) payload length: 56) fe80::f816:3eff:fec1:bc52 > ff02::1: [icmp6 sum ok] ICMP6, router
advertisement, length 56
hop limit 64, Flags [other stateful], pref medium, router lifetime 30s, reachable time 0s, retrans time 0s
prefix info option (3), length 32 (4): 2001:db8:cafe:2::/64, Flags [onlink, auto], valid time 86400s, pref. time 14400s
0x0000: 40c0 0001 5180 0000 3840 0000 0000 2001
0x0010: 0db8 cafe 0002 0000 0000 0000 0000
source link-address option (1), length 8 (1): fa:16:3e:c1:bc:52
0x0000: fa16 3ec1 bc52
15:43:25.353331 IP6 (hlim 1, next-header UDP (17) payload length: 44) fe80::f816:3eff:fefe:d157.546 > ff02::1:2.547: [udp sum ok] dhcp6 inf-req
(xid=d2dbc8 (client-ID hwaddr type 1 fa163efed157) (option-request DNS-server DNS-search-list Client-FQDN SNTP-servers) (elapsed-time 94))
15:43:25.353578 IP6 (class 0xc0, hlim 64, next-header UDP (17) payload length: 88) fe80::f816:3eff:fe2d:a6de.547 > fe80::f816:3eff:fefe:d157.546: [udp
sum ok] dhcp6 reply (xid=d2dbc8 (client-ID hwaddr type 1 fa163efed157) (server-ID hwaddr type 1 fa163e2da6de) (DNS-search-list openstacklocal.) (DNS-
server 2001:db8:cafe:a::e) (lifetime 86400))
 Reference
2001:db8:cafe:a::e

Stateful DHCPv6 Mode DNS

neutron net-create private-dhcpv6

DC
neutron subnet-create --ip-version=6 --name=private_dhcpv6_subnet --ipv6-address-mode=dhcpv6-stateful
--ipv6-ra-mode=dhcpv6-stateful private-dhcpv6 2001:db8:cafe:1::/64 --dns-nameserver 2001:db8:cafe:a::e
+-------------------+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| Field | Value | IPv4: 172.16.12.0/24 IPv6: 2001:db8:cafe:d::/64
+-------------------+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ .5 ::5
| allocation_pools | {"start": "2001:db8:cafe:1::2", "end": "2001:db8:cafe:1:ffff:ffff:ffff:fffe"} |
| cidr | 2001:db8:cafe:1::/64 |
| dns_nameservers | 2001:db8:cafe:a::e |
Router
| enable_dhcp | True |
| gateway_ip | 2001:db8:cafe:1::1 | .1 ::1
| host_routes | |
| id | 545ea206-9d14-4dca-8bae-7940719bdab5 |
| ip_version | 6 | IPv4: 10.0.1.0/24 IPv6: 2001:db8:cafe:1:/64
| ipv6_address_mode | dhcpv6-stateful |
| ipv6_ra_mode | dhcpv6-stateful |
| name | private_dhcpv6_subnet | Instance
| network_id | 55ed8333-2876-400a-92c1-ef49bc10aa2b |
| subnetpool_id | | IPv4: 10.0.1.4
| tenant_id | f057804eb39b4618b40e06196e16265b |
+-------------------+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ IPv6: 2001:db8:cafe:1:4
 Reference

DHCPv6 Stateful Mode Info

• Enable client for DHCPv6:
CentOS/RHEL/Fedora
Ubuntu
/etc/network/interfaces /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-xxxx
auto eth0 IPV6INIT="yes"
iface eth0 inet dhcp DHCPV6C="yes"
iface eth0 inet6 dhcp

• Then you get addressing and options:

ubuntu@dhcpv6-1:~$ more /etc/resolv.conf
# Dynamic resolv.conf(5) file for glibc resolver(3) generated by resolvconf(8)
# DO NOT EDIT THIS FILE BY HAND -- YOUR CHANGES WILL BE OVERWRITTEN
nameserver 172.16.10.14
nameserver 2001:db8:cafe:a::e
search openstacklocal
 Reference

DHCPv6 Stateful Mode – Sniffer Capture

14:56:02.671930 IP6 (hlim 255, next-header ICMPv6 (58) payload length: 24) fe80::f816:3eff:fe77:e5a0 > ff02::1: [icmp6 sum ok] ICMP6, router
advertisement, length 24
hop limit 64, Flags [managed], pref medium, router lifetime 30s, reachable time 0s, retrans time 0s
source link-address option (1), length 8 (1): fa:16:3e:77:e5:a0
0x0000: fa16 3e77 e5a0

14:56:08.042878 IP6 (hlim 1, next-header UDP (17) payload length: 64) fe80::f816:3eff:fe22:386b.546 > ff02::1:2.547: [udp sum ok] dhcp6 solicit
(xid=85680b (client-ID hwaddr/time type 1 time 482446373 fa163e22386b) (option-request DNS-server DNS-search-list Client-FQDN SNTP-servers) (elapsed-
time 101) (IA_NA IAID:1042430059 T1:3600 T2:5400))

14:56:08.143267 IP6 (class 0xc0, hlim 64, next-header UDP (17) payload length: 175) fe80::f816:3eff:fe06:176f.547 > fe80::f816:3eff:fe22:386b.546: [udp
sum ok] dhcp6 advertise (xid=85680b (client-ID hwaddr/time type 1 time 482446373 fa163e22386b) (server-ID hwaddr type 1 fa163e06176f) (IA_NA
IAID:1042430059 T1:43200 T2:75600 (IA_ADDR 2001:db8:cafe:1::4 pltime:86400 vltime:86400)) (status-code success) (preference 255) (DNS-search-list
openstacklocal.) (DNS-server 2001:db8:cafe:a::e) (Client-FQDN))

14:56:08.143719 IP6 (hlim 1, next-header UDP (17) payload length: 106) fe80::f816:3eff:fe22:386b.546 > ff02::1:2.547: [udp sum ok] dhcp6 request
(xid=9cb172 (client-ID hwaddr/time type 1 time 482446373 fa163e22386b) (server-ID hwaddr type 1 fa163e06176f) (option-request DNS-server DNS-search-
list Client-FQDN SNTP-servers) (elapsed-time 0) (IA_NA IAID:1042430059 T1:3600 T2:5400 (IA_ADDR 2001:db8:cafe:1::4 pltime:7200 vltime:7500)))

14:56:08.143897 IP6 (class 0xc0, hlim 64, next-header UDP (17) payload length: 186) fe80::f816:3eff:fe06:176f.547 > fe80::f816:3eff:fe22:386b.546: [udp
sum ok] dhcp6 reply (xid=9cb172 (client-ID hwaddr/time type 1 time 482446373 fa163e22386b) (server-ID hwaddr type 1 fa163e06176f) (IA_NA
IAID:1042430059 T1:3600 T2:6300 (IA_ADDR 2001:db8:cafe:1::4 pltime:7200 vltime:7500)) (status-code success) (DNS-search-list openstacklocal.) (DNS-
server 2001:db8:cafe:a::e) (Client-FQDN))
Address Assignment:
Provider Networks
 Reference

Provider
Networks
 Reference

Provider Network - Examples

neutron net-create --router:external --provider:physical_network provider --provider:network_type vlan --
provider:segmentation_id=22 --shared external-net

neutron subnet-create external-net 172.16.22.0/24 --name external-subnet --gateway 172.16.22.1 --allocation-pool

start=172.16.22.5,end=172.16.22.254

# SLAAC
neutron subnet-create external-net --ip-version=6 --ipv6-address-mode=slaac --ipv6-ra-mode=slaac --name=external-subnet-v6
--allocation-pool start=2001:db8:cafe:16::5,end=2001:db8:cafe:16:ffff:ffff:ffff:fffe 2001:db8:cafe:16::/64

# Stateless DHCPv6
neutron subnet-create external-net --ip-version=6 --ipv6-address-mode=dhcpv6-stateless --ipv6-ra-mode=dhcpv6-stateless --
name=external-subnet-v6 --allocation-pool start=2001:db8:cafe:16::5,end=2001:db8:cafe:16:ffff:ffff:ffff:fffe
2001:db8:cafe:16::/64 --dns-nameserver 2001:db8:cafe:a::e

# Stateful DHCPv6
neutron subnet-create external-net --ip-version=6 --ipv6-address-mode=dhcpv6-stateful --ipv6-ra-mode=dhcpv6-stateful --
name=external-subnet-v6 --allocation-pool start=2001:db8:cafe:16::5,end=2001:db8:cafe:16:ffff:ffff:ffff:fffe
2001:db8:cafe:16::/64 --dns-nameserver 2001:db8:cafe:a::e
# SLAAC
interface Vlan22
Provider Router Reference
description Provider Network trunked for C7-os-1
ip address 172.16.22.2 255.255.255.0
ipv6 address 2001:DB8:CAFE:16::1/64
standby version 2
Example
standby 2 ipv6 autoconfig
standby 2 timers msec 250 msec 750
standby 2 priority 110
standby 2 preempt
standby 2 authentication OPEN

# Stateless DHCPv6
interface Vlan22
description Provider Network trunked for C7-os-1
ip address 172.16.22.2 255.255.255.0
ipv6 address 2001:DB8:CAFE:16::1/64
ipv6 nd other-config-flag
standby version 2
standby 2 ipv6 autoconfig
standby 2 timers msec 250 msec 750
standby 2 priority 110
standby 2 preempt
standby 2 authentication OPEN

# Stateful DHCPv6
interface Vlan22
description Provider Network trunked for C7-os-1
ip address 172.16.22.2 255.255.255.0
ipv6 address 2001:DB8:CAFE:16::1/64
ipv6 nd managed-config-flag
standby version 2
standby 2 ipv6 autoconfig
standby 2 timers msec 250 msec 750
standby 2 priority 110
standby 2 preempt
standby 2 authentication OPEN
IPv6 Only
IPv6-Only Instances
• IPv6-only works out-of-the-box for IP connectivity but you are hosed on
metadata
• It is a real drag to have to deploy an IPv4 subnet along with IPv6 just to get
basic functionality working such as FQDN, SSH keys and other metadata
• The metadata service ONLY supports IPv4
• A wish list bug to work on this issue expired:
https://bugs.launchpad.net/neutron/+bug/1460177 L
• Workarounds:
• Build all/most of what you want in the image itself
• Use config-drive
 Basic IPv6-only Config-Drive Example
[root@c7-os-1 latest]# cat user_data
#cloud-config
fqdn: v6onlyinstance.example.com
users:
- name: cloud-user
ssh-authorized-keys:
- ssh-rsa
AAAAB3NzaC1yc2EAAAADAQABAAABAQC4W4RPlOBiY14iJwW9kd3Chys5bUBjy2VKJkFa5az8JHcVvOh3LO5BHdhc6WryT+blmx9LKGyVSc0rfzSEAfQ91dXJCHuhl5BNk9pLibs3oe8s/1r/v
jtxQopKIIGN3PYuisvpZVLeP1kRhddIdLvuZcQm82L4VPUAOzLqbFdhsu/Y2lU5WyiTiI5VNJwwbzzc67BFHz2ov2bdBgCfFWyUQMikiyIrAv5hVcqADv7XAqY4P5sJaOaHAcNcCfMtY8RbtE
MSIyw8fey1erY4ZiknTAn/eU52mc18l9xR4CwI9wYqYdpVyiNULRWH9opK30dqhhthgElzCax+WqmxMXGP [email protected]

[root@c7-os-1 ~]# nova boot --flavor m1.small --image rh7-stateless --key-name new-aio-key --security-groups default --nic net-name=external-net
rhv6-only-drive --config-drive true --user-data user_data.yaml

[root@c7-os-1 ~]# nova list

+--------------------------------------+-----------------+--------+------------+-------------+---------------------------------------------------
| ID | Name | Status | Task State | Power State | Networks
+--------------------------------------+-----------------+--------+------------+-------------+---------------------------------------------------
| 2244a346-a34b-4ab6-905f-71dc207a92e6 | rhv6-only-drive | ACTIVE | - | Running | external-net=2001:db8:cafe:16:f816:3eff:feec:3c59
+--------------------------------------+-----------------+--------+------------+-------------+---------------------------------------------------
[root@c7-os-1 ~]# ssh cloud-user@2001:db8:cafe:16:f816:3eff:feec:3c59
. . .
[cloud-user@v6onlyinstance ~]$ ip a
. . .
2: eth0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP qlen 1000
link/ether fa:16:3e:ec:3c:59 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
inet6 2001:db8:cafe:16:f816:3eff:feec:3c59/64 scope global dynamic
valid_lft 2591952sec preferred_lft 604752sec
inet6 fe80::f816:3eff:feec:3c59/64 scope link
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
[cloud-user@v6onlyinstance ~]$ cat /etc/resolv.conf
# Generated by NetworkManager
search openstacklocal. example.com
nameserver 2001:db8:cafe:a::e
[cloud-user@v6onlyinstance ~]$ cat /etc/hostname
v6onlyinstance.example.com
IPv6 Prefix Delegation
IPv6 PD in OpenStack
• Super important feature in OpenStack:
• No IPv6 NAT support in OpenStack (Yee Haw!)
• Can assign prefixes to tenants via:
• Manual assignment (“Sally, here is your prefix”) - HORRIBLE method due to human errors in tracking and assignment
(fat finger syndrome)
• IPv6 Subnet Pool Support - Pool of addresses that tenants can pull from -
http://docs.openstack.org/newton/networking-guide/config-subnet-pools.html
• No overlap between two subnets
• Stable address management across projects
• IPv6 Prefix Delegation - Allows for upstream router/server assignment of prefixes -
http://docs.openstack.org/newton/networking-guide/config-ipv6.html
• Leverages default IPv6 subnet pool support

• Does not support HA of the PD agent (future work)

IPv6 Prefix Delegation
Sure, take
2001:db8:bad:face::/64
• RFC 3633 & 3769
Delegating
• IPv6 PD was originally designed to allow router
a downstream router (Requesting router)
to request a prefix from an upstream 2001:db8:bad:cafe::/127
router (Delegating router) and use the Can I have
assigned IPv6 prefix for the subscriber- a prefix?
side networks Requesting
router
• Basically, it is for routers asking other 2001:db8:bad:face::1/64
routers/relays/servers for a whole prefix Sure, use prefix:
2001:db8:bad:face::/64
that can be used to ‘seed’ downstream
networks with an IPv6 prefix of their own Can I have a
Host prefix?
2001:db8:bad:face:f816:3eff:fe4f:a2cd/64
IPv6 PD - Example Topology
• OpenStack All-in-One host is
connected to an L2-switch
• Dibbler server connected to
the L2-switch
• Pre-defined IPv6 prefix on
“public network”
• We need an IPv6 prefix
assigned to the tenant
interface of the Neutron router
 IPv6 PD - Configuration
/etc/dibbler/server.conf /etc/neutron/neutron.conf
pd-class { ipv6_pd_enabled = True
pd-pool 2001:db8:face::/48
pd-length 64
}

neutron net-create public --provider:network_type flat --provider:physical_network public --router:external

neutron subnet-create public --ip-version 6 --name public-v6-subnet 2001:db8:bad:cafe::/64

neutron router-create pd-rtr

neutron router-gateway-set pd-rtr public

neutron net-create ipv6-pd

neutron subnet-create ipv6-pd --name ipv6-pd-1 --ip_version 6 --ipv6_ra_mode slaac --ipv6_address_mode slaac --use-default-subnetpool

# Look for “subnetpool_id | prefix_delegation” in the output

neutron router-interface-add pd-rtr ipv6-pd-1 Magic happens here

 Reference

Logs and tcpdumps and stuff

Neutron L3 Log
2016-10-17 15:03:46.822 DEBUG neutron.agent.linux.dibbler [-] Enable IPv6 PD for router 561ed48c-182c-4073-b157-77130280d5b9 subnet
3bc82226-816f-4d71-983e-7429d3d5475a ri_ifname qr-98120bdd-d1 from (pid=56056) enable /opt/stack/neutron/neutron/agent/linux/dibbler.py:123
2016-10-17 15:03:46.824 DEBUG neutron.agent.linux.utils [-] Running command (rootwrap daemon): ['ip', 'netns', 'exec', 'qrouter-561ed48c-
182c-4073-b157-77130280d5b9', 'dibbler-client', 'start', '-w', '/opt/stack/data/neutron/pd/561ed48c-182c-4073-b157-77130280d5b9:3bc82226-
816f-4d71-983e-7429d3d5475a:qr-98120bdd-d1'] from (pid=56056) execute_rootwrap_daemon /opt/stack/neutron/neutron/agent/linux/utils.py:100
2016-10-17 15:03:46.847 DEBUG neutron.agent.linux.dibbler [-] dibbler client enabled for router 561ed48c-182c-4073-b157-77130280d5b9 subnet
3bc82226-816f-4d71-983e-7429d3d5475a ri_ifname qr-98120bdd-d1 from (pid=56056) enable /opt/stack/neutron/neutron/agent/linux/dibbler.py:129

15:03:46.852214 IP6 (flowlabel 0x7bf3b, hlim 1, next-header UDP (17) payload length: 60) fe80::f816:3eff:feff:ccb0.dhcpv6-client >
ff02::1:2.dhcpv6-server: [udp sum ok] dhcp6 solicit (xid=800a54 (client-ID vid 000022b83bc82226) (IA_PD IAID:1 T1:4294967295 T2:4294967295)
(elapsed-time 0))
15:03:46.853654 IP6 (flowlabel 0x80c10, hlim 64, next-header UDP (17) payload length: 134) fe80::20c:29ff:fe87:2f6b.dhcpv6-server >
fe80::f816:3eff:feff:ccb0.dhcpv6-client: [udp sum ok] dhcp6 advertise (xid=800a54 (IA_PD IAID:1 T1:2000 T2:3000 (IA_PD-prefix
2001:db8:face:2ff2::/64 pltime:3600 vltime:7200) (status-code success)) (server-ID hwaddr/time type 1 time 529454623 000c29872f6b) (client-
ID vid 000022b83bc82226) (preference 0))
15:03:47.955793 IP6 (flowlabel 0x7bf3b, hlim 1, next-header UDP (17) payload length: 107) fe80::f816:3eff:feff:ccb0.dhcpv6-client >
ff02::1:2.dhcpv6-server: [udp sum ok] dhcp6 request (xid=561e28 (client-ID vid 000022b83bc82226) (IA_PD IAID:1 T1:4294967295 T2:4294967295
(IA_PD-prefix 2001:db8:face:2ff2::/64 pltime:3600 vltime:7200)) (server-ID hwaddr/time type 1 time 529454623 000c29872f6b) (elapsed-time
0))
15:03:47.956239 IP6 (flowlabel 0x80c10, hlim 64, next-header UDP (17) payload length: 134) fe80::20c:29ff:fe87:2f6b.dhcpv6-server >
fe80::f816:3eff:feff:ccb0.dhcpv6-client: [udp sum ok] dhcp6 reply (xid=561e28 (IA_PD IAID:1 T1:2000 T2:3000 (IA_PD-prefix
2001:db8:face:2ff2::/64 pltime:3600 vltime:7200) (status-code success)) (server-ID hwaddr/time type 1 time 529454623 000c29872f6b) (client-
ID vid 000022b83bc82226) (preference 0))
 Reference

Dibbler Server Log

03:46 Server Notice Received SOLICIT on br-ex/8, trans-id=0x800a54, 3 opts: 1 25 8 (non-relayed)
. . .
03:46 Server Debug Adding client (DUID=00:02:00:00:22:b8:3b:c8:22:26:81:6f:4d:71:98:3e:74:29:d3:d5:47:5a) to addrDB.
03:46 Server Debug PD: Adding PD (iaid=1) to addrDB.
03:46 Server Debug PD: Adding 2001:db8:face:2ff2:: prefix to PD (iaid=1) to addrDB.
. . .
03:46 Server Notice Sending ADVERTISE on br-ex/8,transID=0x800a54, opts: 25 2 1 7, 0 relay(s).
. . .
03:47 Server Notice Received REQUEST on br-ex/8, trans-id=0x561e28, 4 opts: 1 25 2 8 (non-relayed)
. . .
03:47 Server Debug Checking prefix 2001:db8:face:2ff2:: against reservations ...
03:47 Server Debug PD: Requested prefix (2001:db8:face:2ff2::) is free, great!
03:47 Server Debug Adding client (DUID=00:02:00:00:22:b8:3b:c8:22:26:81:6f:4d:71:98:3e:74:29:d3:d5:47:5a) to addrDB.
03:47 Server Debug PD: Adding PD (iaid=1) to addrDB.
03:47 Server Debug PD: Adding 2001:db8:face:2ff2:: prefix to PD (iaid=1) to addrDB.
03:47 Server Debug PD: Prefix usage for class 0 increased to 2.
03:47 Server Info PD: assigned prefix(es):2001:db8:face:2ff2::/64

Output truncated for clarity

IPv6 with Heat
 Orchestrating IPv6 Deployment with Heat

• Heat with IPv6 uses similar parameters and resource conventions as

with IPv4
IPv4 IPv6
private_net_cidr: private_net_v6:
type: string type: string
description: Tenant IPv4 network address (CIDR notation) description: Tenant IPv6 subnet address
default: 10.10.30.0/24 default: 2001:db8:cafe:1e::/64

• https://github.com/shmcfarl/my-heat-templates
 https://github.com/shmcfarl/my-
IPv6-only Example heat-templates/blob/master/v6-
private_net_v6:
Parameters only-SLAAC.yaml
type: string
description: Private IPv6 subnet address
router_interface_v6:
default: 2001:db8:cafe:1e::/64
type: OS::Neutron::RouterInterface
private_net_v6_gateway: properties:
type: string router: { get_resource: router }
description: Private network gateway address
subnet: { get_resource:
default: 2001:db8:cafe:1e::1
private_v6_subnet }
private_net_v6_pool_start:
type: string server_security_group:
description: Start of private network IP address
type: OS::Neutron::SecurityGroup
allocation pool
properties:
default: 2001:db8:cafe:1e::2 description: Heat-deployed security
private_net_v6_pool_end: group.
type: string
name: heat-security-group
description: End of private network IP address rules: [
allocation pool {remote_ip_prefix: "::/0",
default: 2001:db8:cafe:1e:ffff:ffff:ffff:fffe
ethertype: IPv6,
protocol: tcp,
private_v6_subnet:
type: OS::Neutron::Subnet
Resources port_range_min: 22,
port_range_max: 22},
properties:
{remote_ip_prefix: "::/0",
ip_version: 6
ethertype: IPv6,
ipv6_address_mode: slaac protocol: icmp},
ipv6_ra_mode: slaac {remote_ip_prefix: "::/0",
network: { get_resource: private_net }
ethertype: IPv6,
cidr: { get_param: private_net_v6 }
protocol: tcp,
gateway_ip: { get_param: private_net_v6_gateway port_range_min: 80,
} port_range_max: 80}]
allocation_pools:
- start: { get_param:
private_net_v6_pool_start }
end: { get_param: private_net_v6_pool_end }
IPv6 with L3 High-
Availability
L3 HA – Tenant View

• Tenant sees one router with a

single gateway IP address
• non-Admin users cannot control
if the router is HA or non-HA
• From the tenant’s perspective the
router behaves the same in HA
or non-HA mode
 L3 HA – Routing View
External Network
• Tenant network has 2001:db8:cafe:17::/64
2001:db8:cafe:beef::/64 prefix
Bridge
assigned External Interface
fe80::f816:3eff:feca:b249
• VRRP is using a dedicated HA- master
HA Network
backup
only network that traverses the VRRP VIP

same tenant network type Tenant GW

fe80::f816:3eff:fee7:f435
Bridge
• Router (L3 agent) on the left is
the VRRP master and is the
tenant IPv6 GW Tenant Network
(fe80::f816:3eff:fee7:f435) 2001:db8:cafe:beef::/64
# cat /var/lib/neutron/ha_confs/0772d696-ec0f-46f3-b7d0-a984612fcdca/keepalived.conf
vrrp_instance VR_1 {
state BACKUP
interface ha-7cf36911-75 L3 HA Interface
virtual_router_id 1
priority 50
garp_master_delay 60
nopreempt
advert_int 2
track_interface {
ha-7cf36911-75
Track the L3 HA interface
}
virtual_ipaddress {
169.254.0.1/24 dev ha-7cf36911-75
VRRP IP address
}
virtual_ipaddress_excluded {
10.0.0.1/24 dev qr-50deb6c5-c7
192.168.81.102/24 dev qg-e93ae851-38
2001:db8:cafe:17::66/64 dev qg-e93ae851-38
VIP address from ‘real’
2001:db8:cafe:beef::1/64 dev qr-1b8ada84-61 networks
fe80::f816:3eff:fe50:ab1/64 dev qr-50deb6c5-c7 scope link
fe80::f816:3eff:feca:b249/64 dev qg-e93ae851-38 scope link
LL used as
fe80::f816:3eff:fee7:f435/64 dev qr-1b8ada84-61 scope link VM’s GW
}
virtual_routes {
::/0 via 2001:db8:cafe:17::1 dev qg-e93ae851-38
0.0.0.0/0 via 192.168.81.2 dev qg-e93ae851-38
Default route out
}
# ip netns exec qrouter-0772d696-ec0f-46f3-b7d0-a984612fcdca ip a
9: ha-7cf36911-75: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1450 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN
link/ether fa:16:3e:7e:bc:ae brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
inet 169.254.192.2/18 brd 169.254.255.255 scope global ha-7cf36911-75
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
inet 169.254.0.1/24 scope global ha-7cf36911-75 L3 HA
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
inet6 fe80::f816:3eff:fe7e:bcae/64 scope link
Interface
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
11: qr-50deb6c5-c7: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1450 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN
link/ether fa:16:3e:50:0a:b1 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
inet 10.0.0.1/24 scope global qr-50deb6c5-c7
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
inet6 fe80::f816:3eff:fe50:ab1/64 scope link
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
12: qr-1b8ada84-61: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1450 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN
link/ether fa:16:3e:e7:f4:35 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
inet6 2001:db8:cafe:beef::1/64 scope global nodad Tenant Network
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
inet6 fe80::f816:3eff:fee7:f435/64 scope link
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
13: qg-e93ae851-38: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1450 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN
link/ether fa:16:3e:ca:b2:49 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
inet 192.168.81.102/24 scope global qg-e93ae851-38
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
inet6 2001:db8:cafe:17::66/64 scope global nodad External/Public Network
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
inet6 fe80::f816:3eff:feca:b249/64 scope link
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
 Reference

VRRPv2 Advertisement
# ip netns exec qrouter-0772d696-ec0f-46f3-b7d0-a984612fcdca tcpdump -n -i ha-7cf36911-75
tcpdump: verbose output suppressed, use -v or -vv for full protocol decode
listening on ha-7cf36911-75, link-type EN10MB (Ethernet), capture size 65535 bytes
15:17:19.021100 IP 169.254.192.2 > 224.0.0.18: VRRPv2, Advertisement, vrid 1, prio 50, authtype none, intvl 2s, length 20
15:17:21.021783 IP 169.254.192.2 > 224.0.0.18: VRRPv2, Advertisement, vrid 1, prio 50, authtype none, intvl 2s, length 20
15:17:23.023316 IP 169.254.192.2 > 224.0.0.18: VRRPv2, Advertisement, vrid 1, prio 50, authtype none, intvl 2s, length 20
15:17:25.025260 IP 169.254.192.2 > 224.0.0.18: VRRPv2, Advertisement, vrid 1, prio 50, authtype none, intvl 2s, length 20
 Testing a failure
Check who is master:
[root@c7-m-aio ~]# cat /var/lib/neutron/ha_confs/0772d696-ec0f-46f3-b7d0-a984612fcdca/state
master
[root@c7-m-net-cmp ~]# cat /var/lib/neutron/ha_confs/0772d696-ec0f-46f3-b7d0-a984612fcdca/state
backup

Simulate a failure by shutting down the HA interface (remember this was in the ‘track’ list):
[root@c7-m-aio ~]# ip netns exec qrouter-0772d696-ec0f-46f3-b7d0-a984612fcdca ifconfig ha-7cf36911-75 down

Check that VRRP switched to the other node as master:

[root@c7-m-aio ~]# cat /var/lib/neutron/ha_confs/0772d696-ec0f-46f3-b7d0-a984612fcdca/state
fault
[root@c7-m-net-cmp ~]# cat /var/lib/neutron/ha_confs/0772d696-ec0f-46f3-b7d0-a984612fcdca/state
master
Next time
 IPv6 with BGP Neutron BGP Some other BGP

2001:db8:cafe:17::7 2001:db8:cafe:17:20c:29ff:fe12:b124
A quick taste of BGP + IPv6 in Neutron:
neutron bgp-speaker-create --ip-version 6 --local-as 65001 bgp-speaker
neutron bgp-speaker-network-add bgp-speaker public
neutron bgp-peer-create --peer-ip 2001:db8:cafe:17:20c:29ff:fe12:b124 --remote-as 65000 bgp-peer
neutron bgp-speaker-peer-add bgp-speaker bgp-peer
neutron bgp-dragent-speaker-add d2929bed-a65a-4179-8447-5def013b3113 bgp-speaker

The other end:

router bgp 65000
bgp router-id 192.168.81.4
neighbor 192.168.81.1 remote-as 65001
neighbor 2001:db8:cafe:17::7 remote-as 65001
!
address-family ipv6
network 2001:db8:bad:face::/64
neighbor 2001:db8:cafe:17::7 activate
exit-address-family
Future Stuff

• Design and deployment using the Neutron IPv6 BGP support

• BPs/Bugs/Fixes/Documentation for:
• IPv6 PD HA
• LBaaSv2 + Heat + IPv6
• Under a LBaaSv2 Member, the “first-address” for the IPv6 subnet randomly uses
the IPv4 address of the host
• You should be able to set the static VIP address for a pool even with SLAAC or
DHCPv6 Stateless
• Typos in error message from the static VIP bug