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The Internet: - Internet Evolved From ARPANET

The document discusses the history and evolution of the Internet. It explains that the Internet originated from ARPANET, the first operational packet network, and that standardized TCP/IP protocols were developed to enable interoperability between networks. It also describes the vast, interconnected network of private, public, and research networks that make up the modern Internet, accessed by end users through internet service providers.

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104 views11 pages

The Internet: - Internet Evolved From ARPANET

The document discusses the history and evolution of the Internet. It explains that the Internet originated from ARPANET, the first operational packet network, and that standardized TCP/IP protocols were developed to enable interoperability between networks. It also describes the vast, interconnected network of private, public, and research networks that make up the modern Internet, accessed by end users through internet service providers.

Uploaded by

ve
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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The Internet

• Internet evolved from ARPANET


– first operational packet network
– applied to tactical radio & satellite nets also
– had a need for interoperability
– lead to standardized TCP/IP protocols

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The Internet:

• Huge number of interconnected Networks (100000’s)


private organized, e.g.’ government, schools,
research facilities, in many countries
• Collection of LAN’S, MAN’S and WAN’s.
– 􀂄 The internet protocol stack is the TCP/IP
– 􀂄 End users use the internet via Internet Service
providers (ISPs) which are of the following hierarchies:

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Figure 1.13 Hierarchical organization of the Internet

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Internet Elements

4
Internet Architecture

5
Example Configuration

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1-4 PROTOCOLS AND STANDARDS

In this section, we define two widely used terms: protocols


and standards. First, we define protocol, which is
synonymous with rule. Then we discuss standards, which are
agreed-upon rules.

Topics discussed in this section:


Protocols
Standards
Standards Organizations
Internet Standards
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What is a protocol?
 Communications between computers
requires very specific unambiguous rules
 A protocol is a set of rules that governs
how two or more communicating parties
are to interact
Examples
Internet Protocol (IP)
Transmission Control Protocol (TCP)
HyperText Transfer Protocol (HTTP)
Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP)
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• Elements:
• 1) Syntax: PDU format
– 2) Semantics: The meaning of each PDU’s field
– 3) Timing: Synchronization of communication when
PDU is to be transferred and its data rate.

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What is a standard?
– • A “ standard is set of guidelines” to users and
manufactures to ensure interconnectivity.

– 1) “Defacto” not approved but widely used


(TCP/IP)
– 2) “Dejure”: approved by recognized body (IEEE
802.X).

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Summary
• introduced data communications needs
• communications model
• defined data communications
• overview of networks
• introduce Internet

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