Threshing
Threshing – It is the process of detaching the kernels from jthe ears/pods/ or panicles by a
combination of impact and rubbing action.
It is accomplished either by treading the harvested crop under the feet of man or hooves of animals,
and/ or beating the harvested crop with stick or striking the harvested crop on hard and rough surface
or using mechanical thresher.
Axial flow paddy thresher:-
Axial flow paddy thresher consists of peg footh cylinder which rotates inside a double section
cylinder concave.
The upper concave has inclined covers which move the threshing material axial between the
threshing drum rod concave.
The peg on the threshing cylinder hit the material separating the grain from the straw, and at
the same time acclerating the grain around the cylinder.
Threshing efficiency – 96%
Cleaning efficiency – 94%
Axial flow paddy threshing :-
Components:-
i. Feeding chute :- Generally hoppes type of feeding units have a rotating star wheel mechanism
between the hopper and threshing drum to fritital and the uniform feeding of drop to drum.
ii. Threshing unit:- If mainly consists of a 1)Cylinder 2) Concave
The threshing is recomplished by the impact of the rotating pegs mounted on the cylinder, over the ear
heads, which force out the grain from the sheath holder it.
iii. Threshing cylinder:-
Spikes/pegs are staggered on the pesiphesy of the drum for uniform threshing.
The crop is fed along with the direction of rotation of the rotating drum.
This unit is provided to separate the grain from chaff.
It futher uses of unit, disk aspisatoris/ bpwer, sieve and sieve shaking mechanisma to separate
out grain from chaff.
Blower – After threshing unit carries out threshing, the cleaning and separating of straw from grain is
required.
Screens – Top screen is provided so as to pass the grain to second screen and chaff etc, other screen sieves
out the smaller grain/weed seeds and delivers the cleaned grain towards outlet
Concave –
Cylinder and concave together makes the threshing unit. Ifsepartes the grain from the crop and
remove grain from the dtraw.
The concave clearance for wheat is 5 to 13 mm and for paddy is 5-10mm
As concave clearance is reduce the threshing efficiency increase but losses increases
The concave clearnace of the inlet is less as compared to outlet.
Tangential /Radial flow type thresher
A motor kdrives thresher that consists of arotating drum with either wine deep/peg teeth. The whole
crop is the thrown into the machine in a single pass.
Factor affecting the performance of thresher:-
i. Crop parameter
a) Type and variety of crop
b) Moisture content
Cylinder loss
Grain damage
% of grain separated
c) Addition of green matter
d) straw : grain ration
With the increased of straw to grain ratio the threshing efficiency is decreased.
Cylinder losses are increased but grain damage is decreased.
ii. Tachine parameters:-
a) Type of drum
b) Peripheral speed of drum
c) No. of raspfar’s and their shpe
d) Angle of wrapping of the concave
e) Size of the working slit at inlet and outlet opening if shape to distribution of the concave
fars.
Operating parameter:-
Feeding rate
Positioning of delivered stalks w.r.t the drum axis
point of contact of the delivered material layer with the drum conference.
Performance para,eter
Total grain input:-
A=B+C+D
A= total grain input/unit time
B= Quantity of threshed grain collected from all grain outlet/unit time
C= Quantity of broken grain from all outlets/unit time
D =Quality of unthresed grain from all outlet/unit time
Percentage of broken grain = C/A *100
percentage of blown grain = G/A *100
G = Quantity of clean grain obtained at straw outlet per unit time.
percentage of unthreshed grain = D/A*100
percentage of spilled grain = J/A *100
J= Quantity of cean grain obtained of sieve overflow and underflow/unit time.
Efficiencies:-
Threshing efficiency:-
nth = 100 -% of unthreshed grain
Cleaning efficiency
nc=M/F * 100
M= Quantity of clean grain obtained from the sample taken at main grain outlet
F= total quantity of the sample taken at main grain outlet
