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Data Modeling with Postgres in Python

This document provides an overview of using the psycopg2 module to interact with a PostgreSQL database from Python. It discusses connecting to a database, executing CRUD operations using a cursor object, handling exceptions, and tips for working with PostgreSQL and Python. The key operations covered are connecting to a database, executing queries to read, insert, update, and delete data, and handling exceptions when errors occur.

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larry
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147 views2 pages

Data Modeling with Postgres in Python

This document provides an overview of using the psycopg2 module to interact with a PostgreSQL database from Python. It discusses connecting to a database, executing CRUD operations using a cursor object, handling exceptions, and tips for working with PostgreSQL and Python. The key operations covered are connecting to a database, executing queries to read, insert, update, and delete data, and handling exceptions when errors occur.

Uploaded by

larry
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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DATA ENGINEERING:    
Data Modeling with Postgres  
 
READ OPERATIONS 
   
● Methods: ​fetchall()​, ​fetchmany()​, and ​fetchone() 
`psycopg2` MODULE  ● Example: 
select_query = "SELECT * FROM songs" 
● psycopg2 is a PostgreSQL database adapter for 
cur.execute(select_query) 
the Python programming language 
records = cur.fetchmany(5) 
● Installation: ​pip install psycopg2 
● Usage: ​import psycopg2  for record in records: 
  print(record) 
 
 
INSERT OPERATIONS 
CONNECTING TO A DATABASE 
insert_query = "INSERT INTO customer 
● conn = psycopg2.connect("host=127.0.0.1  (customer_id, name, rewards) VALUES (%s, %s, %s)" 
dbname=studentdb user=student  data = (1, "Amanda", True) 
password=student") 
cur.execute(insert_query, data) 
 
   

CREATE A CURSOR OBJECT  ON CONFLICT 


● Possible actions: ​DO NOTHING​ or ​DO UPDATE 
cur = conn.cursor() 
Note: a cursor object allows execution of  ● Example: 
PostgreSQL command through Python.  INSERT INTO users (id, level) VALUES (1, 0) 
  ON CONFLICT (id) DO UPDATE 
  SET level = users.level + 1; 
 
CREATE TABLE  UPDATE OPERATIONS 
create_table = “CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS  update_query = "UPDATE vendors SET 
songs (song_title varchar, artist_name varchar, year  vendor_name = %s WHERE vendor_id = %s" 
int, album_name varchar, single Boolean);”  new_data = ("Walmart", 2) 
 
cur.execute(update_query, new_data) 
cur.execute(create_table) 
 
conn.commit() 
print("Table created successfully in PostgreSQL") 
 
DELETE OPERATIONS 
  delete_query = "DELETE FROM vendors WHERE id 
= %s" 
cur.execute(delete_query, (5)) 
 

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SQL MODULE & JUPYTER NOTEBOOK  REFERENCES 


● Load SQL module: ​%load_ext sql  ● psycopg ​documentation 
● Connect to a db: ​%sql  ● PostgreSQL ​documentation  
postgresql://localhost:5432/<db>  ● Python Database API ​summary​. 
● Execute and return a SQL query in a list of  ● Python errors and exceptions ​documentation​. 
tuples: ​%sql SELECT * FROM vendors; 
● Return SQL query in a table with header using 
Jupyter cell magic: ​%%sql 
 
 

HANDLING EXCEPTION IN PYTHON 


try:  
cur = conn.cursor() 
except psycopg2.Error as e:  
print("Error: Could not get cursor to the DB") 
print(e) 
 
How it works: 
● try​ statement will be executed first. 
● If there is no exception, ​except​ statement will 
be skipped. 
● Otherwise, execute the codes in the exception. 
 
 

TIPS & TRICKS 


● Naming convention: 
○ SQL keywords: ​UPPER CASE 
○ names (identifiers): 
lower_case_with_underscores 
○ Example: ​UPDATE table SET name = 10; 
● Use triple quotes (“”” “””) or backslash (\) to pass 
a multi-line query. 
● Close db connection as soon as completing a 
task because connections are limited resources: 
conn.close() 
● Set automatic commit to be true so that each 
action is committed without having to call 
conn.commit()​ after each command: 
conn.set_session(autocommit=True) 
 

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