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Name: Samuel Anim Ofosu Index Number: PG4727915

This document analyzes water access data from 241 observations across several communities. It summarizes that: 1) Males outnumbered females in the data and as household breadwinners. 2) Communities were highly dependent on public stand pipes for water. 3) Girls fetched water most frequently in the communities. 4) The Kuntenase, Akame and Kpogedi communities had formal water access. 5) Piped water schemes were the dominant water source reported. 6) A chi-squared test found the water scheme and payment were associated at the 5% significance level.

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144 views6 pages

Name: Samuel Anim Ofosu Index Number: PG4727915

This document analyzes water access data from 241 observations across several communities. It summarizes that: 1) Males outnumbered females in the data and as household breadwinners. 2) Communities were highly dependent on public stand pipes for water. 3) Girls fetched water most frequently in the communities. 4) The Kuntenase, Akame and Kpogedi communities had formal water access. 5) Piped water schemes were the dominant water source reported. 6) A chi-squared test found the water scheme and payment were associated at the 5% significance level.

Uploaded by

Ofosu Anim
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

Name: Samuel Anim Ofosu

Index Number: PG4727915

1. Import the data into R and name it washcost1.

2. What is the total number of observations in the data? Use the View()

The total number of observations = 241

3. Define the structure of data using str().

Ten (10) factors,

Twelve (12) integers,

One (1) number,

Zero (0) strings

4. Visualize the following using any appropriate tool in R:

i. The distribution of gender of respondents.

The number of male respondents are greater than the female respondents. This is

shown in figure 1 below

Figure 1 – Graph showing the gender of Respondents

[1]
ii. The distribution of gender of household breadwinners.

The number of household breadwinners that are males are higher than that of
females. But the difference is very small. Figure 2 shows the household
breadwinners.

Figure 2: Graph of Household breadwinners

[2]
iii. The distribution of piped water scheme from which Households get water.

The communities under study are highly dependent on public stand pipes for their

sources of potable water. This is shown in the distribution of figure 3.

Figure 3: Water Schemes for Communities

[3]
iv. The distribution of piped water scheme from which Households get water
by communities.
The water distribution scheme for the communities is dominated by public
standpipes. This explains the dependence of the communities on public stand
pipe systems. The observations is supported by figure 4.

Figure 4: Sources of Water for Communities

5. Women, girls, boys and men, who fetches water more frequently? Explain!

The girls in the communities fetch water more frequently. In the rural
communities, it is the duty of females to fetch water for homes hence the
results shown in figure 5.

Figure 5: People who fetch water

[4]
6. Which community has access to formal water?

The Kuntenase, Akame and Kpogedi communities have access to formal water

as shown in figure 6.

Figure 6: Access to Formal Water

7. Mention the dominant water source.


[5]
The dominant sources of water for the communities is piped water schemes as

shown in figure 7

Figure 7: Sources of water

8. Perform an association test, whether payment of water used is associated

with the pipe water scheme households get water in their communities? Test

at 5% level of significance.

Results from the Pearson's Chi-squared test is shown below:

X-squared = 107.62, df = 8, p-value < 2.2e-16

Based on the Chi-squared analysis, the null hypothesis can be rejected because

the p-value is significant (2.2e-16)

[6]

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