Marking Scheme

Module 2 (Algebra and Calculus)

This document was prepared for markers' reference. It should not be regarded as a set of model answers.
Candidates and teachers who were not involved in the marking process are advised to interpret its contents with
care.

General Marking Instructions

1. It is very important that all markers should adhere as closely as possible to the marking scheme. In many
cases, however, candidates will have obtained a correct answer by an alternative method not specified in the
marking scheme. In general, a correct answer merits all the marks allocated to that part, unless a particular
method has been specified in the question. Markers should be patient in marking alternative solutions not
specified in the marking scheme.

2. In the marking scheme, marks are classified into the following three categories:
'M'marks awarded for correct methods being used;
'A' marks awarded for the accuracy of the answers;
Marks without 'M' or 'A' awarded for correctly completing a proof or arriving
at an answer given in a question.
In a question consisting of several parts each depending on the previous parts, 'M' marks should be awarded
to steps or methods correctly deduced from previous answers, even if these answers are erroneous. However,
'A' marks for the corresponding answers should NOT be awarded (unless otherwise specified).

3. For the convenience of markers, the marking scheme was written as detailed as possible. However, it is still
likely that candidates would not present their solution in the same explicit manner, e.g. some steps would
either be omitted or stated implicitly. In such cases, markers should exercise their discretion in marking
candidates' work. In general, marks for a certain step should be awarded if candidates' solution indicated that
the relevant concept/technique had been used.

4. In marking candidates' work, the benefit of doubt should be given in the candidates' favour.

5. In the marking scheme, 'r.t.' stands for 'accepting answers which can be rounded off to' and 'f.t.' stands for
'follow through'. Steps which can be skipped are mltm whereas alternative answers are enclosed with
kectangle~ . All fractional answers must be simplified.

6. Unless otherwise specified in the question, numerical answers not given in exact values should not be
accepted.

69
 Solution I Marks I Remarks
I. f(l + h)
= ((l+h)2-l)e 1+h

= (2h+h 2 )e 1+h I IA

f'(l)
= lim f(l + h)- f(l)
I IM
h➔ O h
.. (2h+h 2 )e 1+h -0
=hm
h ➔O h
= lim(2+h)e +h 1
IM I withhold IM if this step is skipped
h➔O

=2e IA
----------(4)

2. (x+3)5
=x 5 +5(3)x 4 +10(3 2 )x 3 +10(3 3 )x 2 +5(3 4 )x+3 5
IM
5 4 3 2
=x +15x +90x +270x +405x+243 IA

(x-;r
2
=x -2x(;)+(;J2 IM

=x2-8+~
x2

The coefficient of x 3
=(1)(16)+(90)(-8) + (405)(1) IM I withhold IM if this step is skipped
=-299 IA
----------( 5)

70
 Solution Marks Remarks

3. (a) cotA=3cotB
cosA 3cosB
--=--
sinA sinB
3 sin A cos B = cos A sin B IM

sin (A+B)-2sin (B-A)

=(sin A cos B + cos A sin B)- 2(sin B cos A- cos B sin A)
= 3sin A cos B-cos A sin B
=0
Thus, we have sin (A+ B) = 2 sin (B -A) . 1

4
(b) cot(x+ ;)=3cot(x+~;)
4 5
By letting A = x +
9
1r
and B = x + 1r we have cot A = 3 cot B .
18 '
IM

By (a), we have sin (A+ B) = 2sin (B-A) .

1
With the help of sin(-:)= ~l , we have sin( 2x + ::) = -1 . IM

. that O~ -x
N otmg ~
1C h
- , we ave x = - . ?1r
IA
2 18
Since cot(
7
1r4
+ K)== -✓3 = 3 cot( 7 1C+ 51r), the required solution
18 9 18 18

·
of the equation cot ( x + -41C)= 3 cot ( x + -57r) 1s
. x = -7K .
9 18 18
----------(5)

IM

IA

(b) The required area

= I:Xcs2x)dx IM
2
=.!.f
4 o
u(5u)du ( by letting u = 2x ) IM
2
I 2
[su(uln5-1)] ( by (a)) IM for using the result of (a)
4(ln5) o
501n5-24
4(1n5)2
25ln5-12
IA
2(1n5)2
----------( 6)

71
 Solution Marks Remarks

2
5. (a) Let u = l+x • IM
du
Then, we have dx = 2x .

f x3 ✓1 + x dx 2

=
f I (u - l)u du 2I IM
2
=
l(J' r
2
u 2 du- u 2 du
J
.J1+ x Y-½(-J1 + x f+ constant
¼( 2 2
= IA

Let x=tan0 . IM
dx
Then, we have - = sec 2 0 .
d0

fx ✓1+x
3 2
dx

= f 3
tan 0sec0(sec 0) d0
2
IM

= f 3
tan 0sec 0 d0
3

= f 2
(sec 0-l)sec
2
0 dsec0

= f 4
sec 0 dsec0-f
2
sec 0dsec0

sec 5 0 sec 3 0
=-----+constant
5 3

= ¼(
.J1 + x Y-½(-J1
2
+x
2
J + constant IA

(b) y
=f 15x 3 ✓1 + x 2 dx IM

=lsfx 3 ✓1+x 2 dx
=1s[¼(-J1+x
2
J-½(-J1+x
2
f) c
+ ( by (a)) IM for using the result of (a)

= 3 (-J1+x
2
(<✓l+x 2 f + C , where C is a constant
}5-s
Since they-intercept of I' is 2 , we have 3 - 5 + C =2 . IM
Solving, we have C =4 .

Thus, the equation of r is y=3(✓l+x 2 J-s(-Ji+x 2

f
+4. IA
----------(7)

72
 Solution Marks Remarks

2 5
6. (a) Note that (1)(1+ 4) = 5 = (1)( )(l ) .
6
So, the statement is true for n = 1 .

Assume that L m

k(k + 4)
2
m(m + l)~ m + l3) for some positive IM
k=I
integer m.
m+J

Lk(k+4)
k=I
m
= L k(k+4)+(m + l)(m+5)
k=I

m(m+1)(2m+13)
=------+ (m+ l)( m+ 5) ( by induction assumption ) IM for using induction assumption
6
(m + 1)(2m2 + 13m+ 6m + 30)
=-----------'-6
(m+1)(2m 2 +19m+30)
=--------
6
= (m + l)(m + 2)(2m + 15)
6
So, the statement is true for n = m + 1 ifit is true for n = m .
By mathematical induction, the statement is true for all positive integers n .

(b) Putting n = 555 in (a), we have

L555
555 5 6 1123
k(k + 4) = < )( ~ )( ) =57 755 890 . IM ----------, I
I
I
k=l
Putting n = 332 in (a), we have either one

L !
I
332 I
332 3 3 677
k(k + 4) = ( )< )( ) = 12 474 402 . ·---------- I

k=I

555
4
LL:2)(~;3 )
k=333
555

=(- 1
)(-
1
) ""'k(k+4)
112 223 L..,,
k=333
IM ----------, I
I

either one

tk(k+4)]
(112)~223J(t k(k+4)-
__________,

= 24 ~76 (57 755 890-12 474 402)

= 1813 IA
----------(7)

73
7. (a) MX=XM
Solution
I Marks I Remarks

(7 3)( a 6a) =( a 6a)( 7 3)

-1 5 b c b c -I 5
ca+3b 42a+3c) ( a 33a) I IM
-a+Sb -6a+5c = 1b-c 3b+5c

r+3b=a
-a+5b=7b-c
IM
I
42a+3c=33a
-6a+5c= 3b+5c
t=-2a I IA I for both correct
c=-3a

(b) jxj
=
I-2aa -3a6a I I IM I for consideringthe determinant
= (a)(-3a)-(6a)(-2a)
=9a 2
Note that X is a non-zero real matrix.
By (a), a is a non-zero real number.
I I
So, we have X > 0 .
I I
Therefore,we have X ,t:. 0 .
Thus, X is a non-singular matrix. I I

(c) (XT)-1
=cx- 1l I IM

I (-3a -:a))'
=[ jxj 2a I IM

=(9~(~3 -/))'
=9a1 (-3-6 2)I I IA

(XT)-1

=(6:-3a Jl
-2a

I (-3a I IM
=1xrl -6a
2:)

I (-3a
=1xj -6a 2:)
I IM

=9a1 (-3
-6 2)I I IA
----------(8)

74
 Solution Marks Remarks

8. (a) Note that A'¢ 0 .

f'(x)
-A(2x~4)
:::: IM
(x 2 -4x+7) 2

So, we have f'(x)::::O ~ x=2. IM

Since the equation f'(x) =0 has only one solution x:::: 2 and the
extreme value of f(x) is 4, we have f(2):::: 4 .
A
Hence, we have =4 .
2 2 -4(2)+7
Therefore, we have A= 12 .
24(2-x)
Thus, we have f'(x) = 2 IA
(x -4x+7) 2

(b) Note that x 2 - 4x + 7 = (x - 2) 2 + 3 > 0 for all real values of x .

So, there are no vertical asymptotes of the graph of y = f(x) .

Also note that f (x) =~2 ---12

x -4x+7
Therefore, y =0 is the only asymptote of the graph of y:::: f(x) . IM
Hence, there is only one asymptote of the graph of y:::: f(x) .
Thus, the claim is disagreed. IA f.t.

(c) f"(x)
2 2
(x -4x+7)2(-24)-(-24x+48)(2)(x -4x+7)(2x-4)
2 4
IM
(x -4x+7)
::::72(x - 3)(x -1)
(x 2 -4x+7) 3

So, we have f"(x) =0 ~ x = I or x = 3 .

X (-oo, 1) 1 (1, 3) 3 (3,ao)

IM for testing
f"(x) + 0 - 0 +

Thus, the points of inflexion are (1, 3) and (3, 3) . IA for both correct
----------(8)

75
 Solution Marks Remarks

Jnx
9. (a) y=-2-
dy
-=- IM
dx 2x

The slope of the tangent at P is _!

2r
The slope of the normal at P is -2r .
Let a be the x-coordinate of Q .
0-ln ✓r =-2r IM
a-r
2Inr =2r 2 -2ar
2
2ar = 2r 2 +.!.lnr
2
2
4r +lnr
a=---
4r
. . 4r 2 + Inr
T hus, th e x-coordmate of Q 1s
4r
----------(3)

(b) Let A square units be the area of /J.PQR .

A

-r)ln ✓r
2
=.!_[4r +lnr IM
2 4r
2
(lnr)
IA
16r
dA
dr
.1 2
r(21nr)- -(lnr)
r IM
16r 2
_ 2lnr-(Inr) 2 ·

- 16r 2
_ (2-lnr)lnr
- 16r 2

So, we have dA = O <=>In r = 2 or In r = 0 ( rejected ) .

. dr
dA 2
Hence, we have - = 0 <=>r = e .
dr
r (I, e2 ) e2 (e2,oo)
-dA
dr
+ 0 - lM for testing

I
A 71 ~
4e 2
2
Therefore, A attains its greatest value when r = e
Thus, the greatest area of /J.PQR is
. 4e
-¼ square units. IA

----------( 5)

76
 Solution Marks Remarks

(c) OP

= ,Jr 2 +(ln ✓r)2 IM

2 2
=.l.J4r +(lnr)
2

dOP
dt

[ 4r + filr
2

= 2r.j4r 2 +(lnr) 2
)( dr)
dt
IM

dA
dt

=(~)(:)
= ( (2-lnr)lnr
16r 2
)( dr)
dt
(by(b))

=((2-lnr)filr )[ z,✓4,22 + (filr) 2 )( dOP)

16r 2 4r +Inr dt

= (2-lnr)(lnr)✓4r 2 +(lnr) 2
( dOP)
8r(4r 2 +lnr) dt

dAI
dt r=e

=(2 - lne)(lne)✓4e'
2
+ Qne) dOPI
) 2
(
IM
8e(4e +lne) dt r=e

w;i
= 8e(4e 2 +1)
(dOPI
ili r=e
)

s·mce O<dOPI
_ _ e , we have 0 ~ dAI
<322 <32e2.J4e2+1
- 2
•
dt r=e dt r=e Se( 4e + 1)

So,wehave 0~- dAI ~ ~. 4e

dt r=e 4e2 + 1

Therefore, we have 0 ~ ¥ii Wr=e

< 4e
4e2
.
Hence, we have 0 ~- dAI <2.
dt r=e
Thus, the claim is correct. IA f.t.
----------(4)

77
 Solution Marks Remarks

IO. (a) (i) f 4

sin x dx

f
= -cosx sin 3x + cosx(3sin 2 xcosx) dx IM

=-cosx sin3 x+3 f (1-sin 2 x)(sin2x) dx

So, we have fsin 4x dx =-cosx sin3x+3 f 2

sin x dx-3 f sin
4
.xdx .

Hence, we have 4f sin 4 x dx =-cosx sin3x+3 f 2

sin x dx .

Thus, we have f sin4 x dx =

-cosx sin 3x
4
·+¾Jsin
2
xdx. 1

(ii) f 4
sin xdx

= -cosx sin x +-
4
.3
4
3
f. 2
Slil X
dx ( by (a)(i))

_ -cosx sin x 3
-
4
+-
4
3
f 1-cos2.x dx
2
IM

=
-cosxsin
4
3
x
c·
+-3 ---- sin2x) +constant
4 2 4
. IM

cosx sin 3x 3sin2x

=-3x8 4
-
16
+constant

fr sin4 x d.x

=[3;
cosx sin 3x
4
3sin2x
16
r·0

3K
=- IA
8

f ,.. sin
4
x c1x·

=So,r
0

c- c;s 2x rdx IM

=-Iig
4 0
(l-2cos2x +cos 2x) dx
2

=-1 J,..
(I - 2 cos 2x+. 1+ cos 4x) dx
4 o 2

=gI i,r
/3-4cos2x +cos4x) dx
.

=-1 [ 3x-2sm2x+--
. sin 4x] 1r
IM
8 4 0

3K
=- IA
8
(5)

78
 Solution Marks Remarks

dx
(b) (i) Let x =/3 - u • Then, we have - = -1 .
du

s:xf(x) dx

= s;-(/3-u)f(/3-u)du

f
= :(/3 f(/3 - u)-u f(/3- u)) du IM

=s:/Jf(x)dx-f :xf(x)dx

So, we have 2 :xf(x)dx J f

= /3 :f(x)dx .

Thus,.we have f /Jxf(x)dx

0
= /3
2
f /Jf(x)dx
0
. 1

4
(ii) Note that sin ( lZ"- x) =sin 4 x for all real numbers x . IM withhold IM if checking is skipped

xsin 4 x dx
So1r

= 1r
2
f 1rsin4 x dx
0
( by (b)(i)) IM for using the result of (b)(i)

( by (a)(ii))

3;r2
=- IM for tr (a)(ii)
16 2
---1(5)

f
(c) The required volume

= 2,r
1r 1r(✓x sin 2 x)2 dx IM

= tr
f 2,r
1r xsin x dx
4

= 1r L1r (tr+ y)sin4(1r + y) dy ( by letting x = 1r + y ) IM accept x = 2tr - y

4
= lZ"L;r(;rsin y + ysin 4 y) dy

= tr f 01r(1rsin
4
x+xsin
4
x) dx

= 1r( tr f 0
1rsin
4
x dx + f 0
1rxsin
4
x dx)

= 7r ( 1r(3; )+ 3;;) ( by (a)(ii) and (b)(ii))

3
9tr
=- IA
16
----------(3)
79
 Solution Marks Remarks

I 1. (a) (i) (1) Note that

1 a 4(a+l)
2 a-1 2(a-1)
I -I --,12
= (a-1)(-12) + a(2)(a-1) + 4(a + 1)(2)(-1)- 4(a-l)(a + 1) + 2(a-1)-2a(-12) IA
=-2(a - 3)(a + I)
1 a 4(a+1)
I
Since (E) has· a unique solution, we have 2 a- I 2(a- 1)1* o . IM
I -1 -12
So,wehave -2(a-3)(a+l):t0.
Therefore; we have a =t 3 and a =t -1 . IA
Thus, we have a < -1 , -1 < a < 3 or a > 3 .

The augmented matrix of (E) is

[
1 a
2 a-1
4(a+l)
2(a-l)
18] [1 a
20 ~ 0 -a-I
4(a+l)
-6a-10
18
-16 _
l
l
IM
I -I -12 b 0 -a-1 -4a-I6 b-18

1 a 4(a+I) 18
~ 0 -a-1 -6a-10 -16 lA
[
0 0 2a-6 b-2
Since (E) has a unique solution, we have 2a -6 =t O and
-a-1:tO.
Therefore, we have a* 3 and a :;c-1 . IA
Thus,wehave a<-1, -l<a<3 or a>3.

(2) Since (E) has a unique solution, we have

X

18 a 4(a+l)
20 a-1 2(a-l)
b -I -12
IM for Cramer's Rule
-2(a-3)(a+l)
a 2 b + ab+I0a-2b-50
(a-3)(a+I)
y
·1 18 4(a+I)
2 20 2(a-1)
- I b -12
.
-2(a-3)(a + I)
-3ab+22a-5b-38
(a-3)(a+l)
z
I a 18
2 a-I 20
1
_......_ ___
-1 b _._
-2(a-3)(a+ 1)
b-2
=----- lA+ IA I IA for any one+ IA for all
2(a~3)

80
 Solution Marks Remarks

Since (E) has a unique solution, the augmented matrix of (E)

-(~
a 4(a+I) 18 )
-a-I -6a-10 -16 IM
0 2a-6 b-2

a 2b + ab+ 10a-2b-50 '

1 0 0
(a-3)(a+I)
- 3ab + 22a - Sb - 3 8
~ 0 1 0
(a-3)(a + 1)
b-2
0 0 I
2(a-3)
'
a2 b+ ab+ 10a-2b-50
x=--------
(a-3)(a+l)
-3ab+22a-5b-38
Thus, we have y= lA+lA IA for any one+ IA for all
(a-3)(a + 1)
b-2
z=---
2(a-3)

(ii) (1) When a= 3 , the augmented matrix of (E) is

~
[ 1 -1
~ 1:
-12
:~)~[~
b
~ 1; 1: )
O O O b- 2
IM ------------, I
I
I
I
I
Since (E) is consistent, we have b = 2 . IA I

either one
I
(2) When a = 3 and b = 2 , the augmented matrix of (E) I

-(~
II[:)
I
I
I

--- - ------ - _,
I

Thus, the solution set of (E) is {(Su+ 6, -7u + 4, u): u ER}. IA

----------(9)

(b) When a= 3 and b = s , (E) becomes

3y + 16z = 18
(G): {: y + 2z = 10 .
:
X - y - 12z = s
Since (F) is consistent, (G) is consistent.
By (a)(ii), we have s =2 . ------------------ I
I
When s=2, thesoiutionsetof (G) is {(5u+6,-7u+4,u): uER}. IM I
I
I
Therefore, we have 2(5u + 6) - 5(- 7u + 4)- 45u = t . IM I
I
Solving, we have t = -8 . IA for both correct - - - - - - 1
Thus, we have s = 2 and t = -8 .
----------(3)

81
 Solution Marks Remarks

12. (a) (i) Notethat AB=-5i+6j-4k and AC=3i+2j+4k.

--
ABxAC
j k
=1-5 6 -4
I
3 2 4 I

=32i+8j-28k IA

(ii) Note that AD -=

-i + j- 6k .
The required volume
=
6
11----,
(ABxAC)·AD IM

= .!.1
6
(32i +8j-28k) ·(-i + j-6k) I
1 "
=-I (32)(-'-l) + (8)(1)+ (-28)(-6) j
6
=24 IA

(iii) DE

-[ru
-
32i + 8j-28k )( 32i +8j-28k
...JJ22 + 82 + c-28)2 -bz2 + 82 + c-28>2
) IM

=[(i- j+ 6k)·---=3=2=i+=8=j=-=28=k=)[
. 32i +8j-28k )
✓32 +8 +(-28)
2 2 2 ✓32 +8 +(-28)
2 2 2

= -32 i-.!_j+3!k IA
13 13 13
1---i(S)

=t BC
(b) (i)
- - -
Let BF
DF
, where O< t < I .

= (I-t)DB+tDC IM
= (l-t)(-4i +5j + 2k) +t(4i + j + 10k)
= (8t-4)i + (5-4t)j+(8t+ 2)k
DF'·BC=O.
Since DF ..LBC,
Notethat BC=8i-4j+8k.- we have IM

Hence, we have (8t-:-4)(8) + (5 - 4t)(-4) + (8t + 2)(8) = 0 .

So, we have 144t-36=0.
Solving, we have t = .!.
Thus,wehave - 4
DF=-2i+4j+4k. IA

82
 Solution Marks Remarks

(ii) EF
=DF-DE IM

=- 21+. 4J+. 4k - (-32.

-1--J+- 8. 28k)
13 13 13
6 . 60 . 24 k
= ii I+ 13J+ 13
--
BC-EF

=(8i-4J+8k)·(~i+
13
60
13
j+
24
13
k)
=8(1:)~4(~~)+8(::)
=0
Thus, BC is perpendicular to EF . IA f.t.
----------( 5)

(c) Note that the required angle is LDFE . IM for identifyingthe required angle
cosLDFE

IM

324
= (6)(18✓13)
3
=
✓13
3✓13
=--
13

Thus, the required angle is cos -1(3✓

-- 13) . IA
13
---(3)

83