Imus Institute of Science and Technology
SCIENCE
DICTIONARY
Karl Andrei A. Gallonon
8 – Silver
Mrs. Anna Sarreal
of small bodies of from 480 miles (775
A km) to less than one mile (1.6 km) in
diameter that revolve about the sun in
orbits lying mostly between those of
Active Faults – are areas along which all Mars and Jupiter
shallow earthquakes occurs.
Advisories – an official announcement, Astronomy – The branch of science that
typically a warning about bad weather deals with celestial obejects, space, and
conditions. the physical universe as a whole.
Aftershock-a small earthquake or tremor that
Archipelago- a group of islands. A sea or
follows a major earthquake.
stretch of water containing many islands
the effect, result, or repercussion of an event;
aftermath; consequence: Athens-Greek Athenai .A city in and the
capital of Greece, in the SE part.
Apollo-the ancient Greek and Roman god of
light, healing, music, poetry, prophecy, and Greater,a metropolitan area comprising
manly beauty; the son of Leto and brother of the city of Athens, Piraeus, and several
Artemis.
residential suburbs.
Asteroid belt-the region of space between the
orbits of Mars and Jupiter in which most
asteroids are located.
Asteroids-Also called minor planet.
[Link] of the thousands of small
bodies of from 480 miles (775 km) to less than
one mile (1.6 km) in diameter that revolve
about the sun in orbits lying mostly between
those of Mars and Jupiter.
Asthenosphere-Also called minor
planet. [Link] of the thousands
where electricity and communication
lines were available.
Aurora- Meteorology.a radiant emission
from the upper atmosphere that occurs
C
sporadically over the middle and high
latitudes of both hemispheres in the
form of luminous bands, streamers, or
the like, caused by the bombardment of C Type Asteroid-C-type asteroids are
the atmosphere with charged solar carbonaceous asteroids. They are the
particles that are being guided along the most common variety, forming around
earth's magnetic lines of force. 75% of known asteroids. They are
Automated rain gauge-The automated distinguished by a very low albedo
rain gauge (ARG) gauging station is because their composition includes a
developed to gather and record the large amount of carbon, in addition to
amount of rainfall over a set of period of rocks and minerals.
time and automatically sends the data to Ceres-Ceres is the largest object in the
a central based station on a asteroid belt that lies between the orbits
predetermined interval basis. of Mars and Jupiter, slightly closer to
Automated weather station-An Mars' orbit. Its diameter is
automatic weather station (AWS) is an approximately 945 kilometers, making it
automated version of the traditional the largest of the minor planets within
weather station, either to save human the orbit of Neptune.
labour or to enable measurements from Climate Change-Climate change is a
remote areas. ... In the past, automatic change in the statistical distribution of
weather stations were often placed weather patterns when that change lasts
for an extended period of time (i.e., far outer solar system, sending them on
decades to millions of years). Climate a collision course with Earth.
change may refer to a change in average
weather conditions, or in the time
variation of weather within the context Continental Plates-The lithosphere,
of longer-term average conditions which is the rigid outermost shell of a
planet (the crust and upper mantle), is
Climatology – The scientific study of
broken into tectonic plates.
climate.
Coma-is a state of unconsciousness in
which a person cannot be awakened;
fails to respond normally to painful
stimuli, light, or sound; lacks a normal Core- core. (kôr) The central or
wake-sleep cycle; and does not initiate innermost portion of the Earth, lying
voluntary actions. below the mantle and probably
consisting of iron and nickel
Comets-A comet is an icy small Solar
System body that, when passing close to Coriolis force-In physics, the Coriolis
the Sun, warms and begins to release force is an inertial force that acts on
gases, a process called outgassing. This objects that are in motion relative to a
produces a visible atmosphere or coma, rotating reference frame.
and sometimes also a tail.
Coriolis effect-The rotation of the Earth
Companion star theory-Nemesis is a causes an interesting phenomena on
theoretical dwarf star thought to be a free moving objects on the Earth.
companion to our sun. "The theory was
Corona-A corona (Latin, 'crown') is an
postulated to explain a perceived cycle
aura of plasma that surrounds the Sun
of mass extinctions in Earth's history.
and other stars
Scientists speculated that such a star
could affect the orbit of objects in the
Crust-In geology, the crust is the (WSR) and Doppler weather radar, is a
outermost solid shell of a rocky planet, type of radar used to locate
dwarf planet, or natural satellite. precipitation, calculate its motion, and
estimate its type (rain, snow, hail etc.).
Climatological Conditions – scientifically
defined as weather conditions averaged
over a period time.
Cyclogenesis-is the development or
E
strengthening of cyclonic circulation in
the atmosphere (a low-pressure area).
Earth- Earth is the third planet from the
Cyclone-A system of winds rotating Sun and the only object in the Universe
inward to an area of low atmospheric known to harbor life.
preassure, with a counter clockwise.
Earthquake- a sudden and violent
shaking of the ground, sometimes
causing great destruction, as a result of
movements within the earth's crust or
D volcanic action.
Easterly winds- The trade winds are the
prevailing pattern of easterly surface
winds found in the tropics, within the
Diastrophism- Diastrophism refers to lower portion of the Earth's atmosphere,
deformation of the Earth's crust, and in the lower section of the troposphere
more especially to folding and faulting. near the Earth's equator.
Dip – Slip Faults – are inclined fractures Economy – The wealth and resources of
where the blocks have mostly shifted a country or region, especially in terms
vertically. of the production and consumption of
Dopper weather radar- Weather radar, goods and services.
also called weather surveillance radar
Electrical Conductivity - The degree to lived convection cells several thousands
which a specified material conducts kilometers across that constantly form a
electricity, calculated as the ratio of the dissipate over timescales of several
current density in the material to to the
minutes.
electric field that causes the flow of
current. Fault- In geology, a fault is a planar
fracture or discontinuity in a volume of
Epicenter- The epicenter is the point on rock, across which there has been
the earth's surface vertically above the significant displacement as a result of
hypocenter (or focus), point in the crust rock mass movement.
where a seismic rupture begins.
Flood - an overflowing of a large
Epicentrum- it is another term for amount of water beyond its normal
epicenter. confines, especially over what is
normally dry land.
Equator – an imaginary line drawn
around the earth equally distant from
both poles, dividing the earth into Flood Warnings – is a sudden, violent
northern southern hemispheres and flood after a heavy rain or occasionally
consistitutating the parallel of latitude 0 after a dam break.
degrees.
Explosion – a violent and destructive Foci- The degree of clarity with which an
shattering or blowing apart of eye or optical instrument produces an
something, as is caused by a bomb. image. See focal point.
Focus- The focus of an earthquake is the
F point where the rocks start to
fracture. ... The epicenter is the point on
land directly above the focus.
Facula- are bright spots that form in the
canyons between solar granules, short-
Foreshock- a mild tremor preceding the objects ranging from atoms and
violent shaking movement of an photons.
earthquake.
H
Heavy rainfall- heavy rain. noun.
G precipitation falling with an intensity in
excess of 0.30 inches (0.76 cm) per hour.
Short periods of intense rainfall can
cause flash flooding, longer periods of
Gas giants planets- A gas giant is a giant
widespread heavy rain can cause rivers
planet composed mainly of hydrogen
to overflow.
and helium and as a result are
sometimes known as a failed star since it Humidity- Humidity is the amount of
contains the same basic elements as a water vapor present in the air.
star.
Geologist- A geologist is a scientist who
Hurricane- A tropical cyclone is a rapidly
studies the solid and liquid matter that
rotating storm system characterized by a
constitutes the Earth as well as the
low-pressure center, a closed low-level
processes that shape it.
atmospheric circulation, strong winds,
Granules- In cell biology, a granule is a and a spiral arrangement of
small particle. It can be any structure thunderstorms that produce heavy rain.
barely visible by light microscopy
Gravity- Gravity, or gravitation, is a
natural phenomenon by which all things
with mass are brought toward (or
I
gravitate toward) one another, including
Intensity- In physics, intensity is the ground movements, such as rockfalls,
power transferred per unit area, where deep failure of slopes, and shallow
the area is measured on the plane debris flows.
perpendicular to the direction of
Log –is the logarithm to the base 10, E is
propagation of the energy. In the SI the energy released in ergs, and M
system, it has units watts per square refers to the Magnitude.
metre (W/m2).
Lithosphere- A lithosphere is the rigid,
Inactive Faults – Are structure along
outermost shell of a terrestrial-type
which we expect displacement to occur.
planet or natural satellite that is defined
by its rigid mechanical properties.
K Love waves- A Love wave is a surface
wave having a horizontal motion that is
transverse (or perpendicular) to the
Kuiper belt - A disk-shaped region in the direction the wave is traveling.
outer solar system lying beyond the
orbit of Neptune and containing
thousands of small, icy celestial bodies. M
It is believed to be a reservoir for short-
period comets (comets that make one
complete orbit of the Sun in less than
200 years).
M type asteroid- M-type asteroids were
L once known as metallic asteroids.
Magnetic field- A magnetic field is a
force field that is created by moving
Landslide- A landslide, also known as a electric charges and magnetic dipoles,
landslip or Mudslide, is a form of mass and exerts a force on other nearby
wasting that includes a wide range of moving charges and magnetic dipoles.
Magnitude- In astronomy, magnitude is passage through the atmosphere to
a logarithmic measure of the brightness reach the surface of a planet or moon.
of an object in a defined passband, often
Meteoroids- A meteoroid is a small
in the visible or infrared spectrum, but
rocky or metallic body in outer space.
sometimes across all wavelengths.
Meteoroids are significantly smaller than
Mainshock- The mainshock is the largest asteroids, and range in size from small
earthquake in a sequence, sometimes grains to one-meter-wide objects.
preceded by one or more foreshocks,
Meteorology - The branch of science
and almost always followed by many concerned with the processes and
aftershocks. phenomena of the atmosphere,
especially as a means of forecasting the
Mars- Mars is the fourth planet from the
weather.
Sun and the second-smallest planet in
the Solar System after Mercury. Meteors- A meteor is a bright streak of
Mercalli scale- The Modified Mercalli light in the sky (a "shooting star" or a
"falling star") produced by the entry of a
Intensity Scale. The effect of an
small meteoroid into the Earth's
earthquake on the Earth's surface is atmosphere.
called the intensity.
Monsoon Through- is a portion of the
Mercury- Mercury is the smallest and
ICZ, as depicted by a line on a weather
innermost planet in the Solar System. Its map showing the locations of inimum
orbital period around the Sun of 88 days sea level preassure, and as such, is a
is the shortest of all the planets in the convergence zone between the wind
Solar System. pattens of the southern and northern
hemispheres.
Meteorites- A meteorite is a solid piece
of debris from an object, such as a
comet, asteroid, or meteoroid, that N
originates in outer space and survives its
Oort cloud- The Oort cloud, named after
Nami – means “waves” the Dutch astronomer Jan Oort,
sometimes called the Öpik–Oort cloud,
Nebular hypothesis- The nebular is a theoretical cloud of predominantly
hypothesis is the most widely accepted icy planetesimals proposed to surround
model in the field of cosmogony to the Sun to as far as somewhere between
explain the formation and evolution of 50,000 and 200,000 AU
the Solar System.
Old Frontal Boundary – Fragments of a
Neptune- Neptune is the eighth and polar front can become lines of
farthest known planet from the Sun in convection and sometimes generate a
the Solar System. tropical cyclone.
No Waters – A typhoon will drastically
deteriotate once its eye moves over the
land. P
Normal Faults – occur where two blocks
of rock are pulles apart, as by tension.
Photosphere- The photosphere is the
O visible surface of the Sun that we are
most familiar with.
Oceanic plate- In areas of collision
between oceanic and continental Planetesimal Theory- A widely accepted
lithospheric plates such as the circum- theory of planet formation, the so-called
Pacific region, the denser oceanic plate planetesimal hypotheses, the
is subducted (carried into Earth's Chamberlin–Moulton planetesimal
mantle) beneath the more buoyant hypothesis and that of Viktor Safronov,
continental lithosphere. states that planets form out of cosmic
dust grains that collide and stick to form
larger and larger bodies.
Richter Scale- The Richter magnitude
Plate Bounderies- There are three kinds scale assigns a magnitude number to
of plate tectonic boundaries: divergent, quantify the size of an earthquake.
convergent, and transform plate
boundaries.
Rocks- Rock or stone is a natural
Plate Tectonic Theory- There are three
substance, a solid aggregate of one or
kinds of plate tectonic boundaries: more minerals or mineraloids.
divergent, convergent, and transform
plate boundaries. S
Primary waves- Primary waves are
alternatingly compressional and S Type Asteriod- S-type asteroids, or
extensional, and cause the rocks they silicaceous asteroids, are of a stony
pass through to change in volume. composition, hence the name.
R Saturn- Saturn is the sixth planet from
the Sun and the second-largest in the
Solar System, after Jupiter. It is a gas
Rayleigh waves- an undulating wave giant with an average radius about nine
that travels over the surface of a solid, times that of Earth.
especially of the ground in an Scientist – A person who is studying or
earthquake, with a speed independent has expert knowledge of one or more of
of wavelength, the motion of the the natural or physical sciences.
particles being in ellipses. Seafloor- The seabed is the bottom of
the ocean.
Reverse Fault – occur where two blocks
of rockare foced together by Secondary waves- Secondary waves
compression. cause the rocks they pass through to
change in shape.
Seismic waves- Seismic waves are waves
of energy that travel through the Earth's
Shooting star- a small, rapidly moving
layers, and are a result of earthquakes,
meteor burning up on entering the
volcanic eruptions, magma movement,
earth's atmosphere.
large landslides and large man-made
explosions that give out low-frequency Solar Prominence- A solar prominence
acoustic energy. (also known as a filament when viewed
against the solar disk) is a large, bright
Seismo- of an earthquake; relating to
feature extending outward from the
earthquakes.
Sun's surface.
Seismogram - A record produced by a
Solar System- The Solar System is the
seismograph.
gravitationally bound system comprising
Seismograph- A seismometer is an the Sun and the objects that orbit it,
instrument that measures motion of the either directly or indirectly.
ground, caused by, for example, an
Solar flare- A solar flare is a sudden flash
earthquake, a volcanic eruption, or the
of increased Sun's brightness, usually
use of explosives.
observed near its surface.
Seismologist- Seismology is the scientific
Strike slip Faults – A fault in which rock
study of earthquakes and the strata are displaced mainly in a
propagation of elastic waves through horizontal direction, parallel to the line
the Earth or through other planet-like of the fault.
bodies.
Storm surge- A storm surge, storm flood
Seismology – The branch of science or storm tide is a coastal flood or
concerned with earthquakes and
tsunami-like phenomenon of rising
related phenomena.
water commonly associated with low
Seismometer – another term for pressure weather systems (such as
seismograph tropical cyclones and strong
extratropical cyclones), the severity of Surface waves- A seismic wave that
which is affected by the shallowness and travels across the surface of the Earth as
orientation of the water body relative to opposed to through it. Surface waves
usually have larger amplitudes and
storm path, as well as the timing of
longer wavelengths than body waves,
tides. and they travel more slowly than body
Strong winds- Strong winds are the most waves do. Love waves and Rayleigh
common means of destruction waves are kinds of surface waves.
associated with hurricanes. Their
sometimes continuous barrage can
T
uproot trees, knock over buildings and Terrestrial Planets- A terrestrial planet,
homes, fling potentially deadly debris telluric planet, or rocky planet is a planet
around, sink or ground boats, and flip that is composed primarily of silicate
cars. rocks or metals. Within the Solar
Subduction zone- Subduction is a System, the terrestrial planets are the
geological process that takes place at inner planets closest to the Sun, i.e.
convergent boundaries of tectonic Mercury, Venus, Earth, and Mars.
plates where one plate moves under Tsu – means “harbor”
another and is forced or sinks due to
gravity into the mantle. Thrust Fault -
is a break in the Earth's crust, across
Submarine Earthquake – commonly
which younger rocks are pushed above
known known as under water
earthquakes. older rocks.
Sunspot- Sunspots are temporary Thunder storm- A thunderstorm, also
phenomena on the Sun's photosphere known as an electrical storm, lightning
that appear as spots darker than the storm, or thundershower, is a storm
surrounding areas. characterized by the presence of
lightning and its acoustic effect on the a closed low-level atmospheric
Earth's atmosphere, known as thunder. circulation, strong winds, and a spiral
arrangement of thunderstorms that
Tornadoes- A tornado is a rapidly
produce heavy rain.
rotating column of air that is in contact
with both the surface of the Earth and a
cumulonimbus cloud or, in rare cases, Tropical Cyclogenesis - is the
the base of a cumulus cloud. development and strengthening of
a tropical cyclone in the atmosphere.
Transform Faults - a strike-slip fault
occurring at the boundary between two Tropical Depression - an atmospheric
plates of the earth's crust. low-pressure system originating in the
tropics, specifically, a tropical cyclone in
Tremors - is the shaking of the surface of which the maximum sustained wind
the Earth, resulting from the sudden speed is 38 miles per hour (62
release of energy in the Earth's kilometers per hour) or less.
lithosphere that creates seismic waves.
Tropical Storm - a localized, very intense
Trojan- In computing, a Trojan horse, or low-pressure wind system, forming over
Trojan, is any malicious computer tropical oceans and with winds of
program which misleads users of its true hurricane force.
intent
Troposphere- The troposphere is the
Tropical - Our planet’s tropical regions, lowest layer of Earth's atmosphere, and
located just north and south of the is also where nearly all weather
equator, are known for being warm and conditions take place.
humid. Some people think tropical areas
Tsunami- A tsunami or tidal wave, also
make ideal vacation spots.
known as a seismic sea wave, is a series
Tropical Cyclone- A tropical cyclone is a of waves in a water body caused by the
rapidly rotating storm system displacement of a large volume of water,
characterized by a low-pressure center, generally in an ocean or a large lake.
Typhoon- A typhoon is a mature tropical Vulcan was the ancient Roman god of
cyclone that develops between 180° and fire.
100°E in the Northern Hemisphere.
W
Typhoon Belt - is an area where there is
a propensity of tropical cyclones.
V Wind Shear - A change in wind direction
and speed between slightly different
altitudes, especially a sudden downdraft.
Venus- Venus is the second planet from
the Sun, orbiting it every 224.7 Earth
days.
Vesta- Vesta is the virgin goddess of the
hearth, home, and family in Roman
religion.
Volcano- A volcano is a rupture in the
crust of a planetary-mass object, such as
Earth, that allows hot lava, volcanic ash,
and gases to escape from a magma
chamber below the surface.
Volcanology- Volcanology (also spelled
vulcanology) is the study of volcanoes,
lava, magma, and related geological,
geophysical and geochemical
phenomena. The term volcanology is
derived from the Latin word vulcan.
