PRINCIPLES OF COMMUNICATION

Past and Possible Board Questions

1. A 5-frame TDM multiplexer has a total frame period of 625 us. If the
timeslot per channel is 5.208 usec, determine the number of channels per
frame and the total number of digital channels.
A. 60, 12 B. 120, 24 C. 12, 60 D. 24, 120

2. If the measured wavelength is 6 m, calculate the frequency in MHz.

A. 25 MHz B. 10 MHz C. 50 MHz D. 100 MHz

3. If several musical instruments are playing the same note, you should be
able to distinguish one instrument from another because of which of the
following characteristics of sound?
A. Frequency B. Intensity C. Overtones D. Quality

4. A large volume of light radiating in a given direction is referred to

as a
A. pencil B. beam C. ray D. shaft

5. What are the primary colors of light?

A. Red, blue, and green B. Red, violet, and indigo
C. Blue, green, and violet D. Red, blue, and yellow

6. noise is noise that has an equal amount of energy per octave.

A. Pink B. Yellow C. White D. Blue

7. ______ is multi-channel capacity that is between 1.544 Mbps and 45 Mbps

according to U.S. standards (2.048 Mbps-34 Mbps according to
European/international standards.)
A. Wideband B. Baseband C. Narrowband D. Broadband

8. Based on ITU-R Recommendations V.431-6, the adjectival designation 30

to 300 kHz is
A. ELF B. LF C. ULF D. VLF

9. The world's first operational packet switching network, and the

progenitor of the global Internet.
A. DECNET B. ARPANET C. ISDN D. NMT

10. ________ would have equal power in the frequency range from 40 to 60
Hz as in the band from 4000 to 6000 Hz.
A. pink noise B. blue noise C. white noise D. green noise

11. He hypothesized the existence of magnetic field around a current-

carrying conductor.
A. Michael Faraday B. Nikola Tesla
C. Andre Marie Ampere D. Karl Gauss

12. In FCC former designation, F3Y means ______.

A. Telegraphy; four-frequency duplex B. Digital voice modulation
C. Telegraphy; FSK D. Telephony; amplitude-modulated pulses
13. Based on ITU-R Recommendations V.431-6, the metric subdivision of
0.030 to 0.300 Hz is
A. Decamegametric B. Gigametric C. Myriametric D. Hectomegametric

14. _______ would have equal power in the frequency range from 40 to 60 Hz
as in the band from 4000 to 4020 Hz.
A. pink noise B. blue noise C. white noise D. green noise

15. What is the wavelength for a color in the middle of the visible light
band if the visible light frequency range is from 0.39 PHz (red) to 0.79
PHz (violet)?
A. 5000 nm B. 50 nm C. 5 nm D. 500 nm

16. The person who sent the first radio signal across the Atlantic ocean
was:
A. Marconi B. Bell C. Maxwell D. Hertz

17. What percentage of the VHF band does a 6-MHz TV signal occupy?
A. 2.2% B. 8.8% C. 4.4% D. 1.1%

18. How many AM stations can be accommodated in a 0.15 MHz BW if the

allocated BW per station is 10 KHz?
A. 100 B. 50 C. 150 D. 15

19. How many international commercial AM broadcast channels (assume BW=10

KHz) can fit into the bandwidth occupied by a commercial FM broadcast
channel (assume BW=200 KHz)?
A. 20 B. 200 C. 10 D. 5

20. Determine the BW of sonic frequency range if the infrasonic frequency

ends at 20 Hz while ultrasonic frequency begins at 20, 000 Hz.
A. 4 kHz B. 10 kHz C. 8 kHz D. 19.98 kHz

21. What percentage of the audio passband does a high fidelity CD quality
music occupy?
A. 66.67% B. 43.25% C. 74.82% D. 50%

22. A standard TV channel occupies 6 MHz of BW. If a standard commercial

FM broadcast channels is 200 KHz wide, how many of this channel can fit
into the bandwidth occupied by a commercial TV station?
A. 200 B. 30 C. 20 D. 300

23. In FCC former designation, A4 means ________

A. Telegraphy; on-off; amplitude-modulated tone
B. Facsimile
C. Nonvoice digital modulation
D. Digital voice modulation

24. Based on ITU-R Recommendations V.431-6, the adjectival designation of

0.003 to 0.030 GHz is
A. VHF B. MF C. SHF D. EHF
25. In AT&T FDM hierarchy the group BW is 48 KHz, determine the number of
voice channel that a supergroup can handled if it needs 5 groups to form a
supergroup.
A. 12 B. 300 C. 60 D. 6000

26. Another name for amplitude shift keying

A. variable angle modulation
B. minimum shift keying
C. continuous wave modulation
D. beat frequency modulation

27. AM radio's main limitation is its susceptibility to

A. ignition noise B. Rayleigh fading
C. transit time noise D. atmospheric interference

28. A quasi-stationary noise with a finite power spectrum with a finite

number of small bands of zero energy dispersed throughout a continuous
spectrum
A. white noise B. orange noise C. violet noise D. blue noise

29 ______ is an arrangement of conductors designed to radiate (transmit)

an electromagnetic field in response to an applied alternating voltage and
the associated alternating electric current
A. transmission lines B. antenna
C. Counterpoise D. stub

30. The transmission of radio waves was first done by:

A Marconi B. Bell C. Maxwell D. Hertz

31. A Complete communication system must include:

A. a transmitter, and receiver
B. a transmitter, a receiver, and a channel
C. a transmitter, a receiver, and a spectrum analyzer
D. a multiplexer, a demultiplexer, and a channel

32. In FCC former designation, P0 means

A. Telephony; pulse-width modulated
B. Telephony; amplitude-modulated pulses
C. Digital voice modulation
D. RADAR

33. Radians per second is equal to:

A. 2πf B. f/2π C. 2π D. 2πft

34. The bandwidth required for a modulated carrier depends on:

A. the carrier frequency B the signal-to-noise ratio
C. the signal-plus-noise to noise ratio D. the baseband frequency range

35. When two or more signals share a common channel, it is called:

A. sub-channeling B. signal switching
C. SINAD D. Multiplexing
36. The wavelength of a radio signal is:
A. equal to f/c
B. equal to c/2πf
C. the distance a wave travels in one period
D. how far the signal can travel without distortion

37. In FCC former designation, A9B means

A. Facsimile
B. Television with vestigial sideband
C. Telephony or telegraphy with ISB
D. Telephony; SSBRC

38. Distortion is caused by:

A. creation of harmonics of baseband frequencies
B. baseband frequencies "mixing" with each other
C. shift in phase relationships between baseband frequencies
D. all of the above

39. The power density of "flicker" noise is:

A. the same at all frequencies B. greater at high frequencies
C. greater at low frequencies D. the same as "white" noise

40. So called "1/F" noise is also called:

A. random noise B. pink noise C. white noise D. partition noise

41. The part, or parts, of a sinusoidal carrier that can be modulated are:
A. its amplitude
B. its amplitude and frequency
C. its amplitude, frequency, and direction
D. its amplitude, frequency, and phase angle

42. In FCC former designation, F5 means

A. Telephony; SSBFC B. Facsimile
C. Television D. Telephony; FM or PM

43. It is also known as differentiated white noise or violet noise

A. pink noise B. green noise C. blue noise D. purple noise

44. In 1820, he discovered the relation between electricity and magnetism,

later known as electromagnetism.
A. Michael Faraday B. Hans Christian Oersted
C. Karl Gauss D. Nikolai Tesla

45. In 1886, a German physicist performed an experiment on spark gap

transmission verifying Maxwell statement experimentally showed the
existence of such waves which he called radio waves that paved the way for
wireless communication.
A. Guglielmo Marconi B. Dr. Hidetsugi Yagi
C. Heinrich Hertz D. Isaac Asimov
46. A transmission technique where each communication channel is allotted
an epoch or time slot within a sampling frame, occupying essentially the
entire wideband frequency spectrum for the allocated time.
A. Time Division Multiplexing (TDM)
B. Wavelength Division Multiplexing (WDM)
C. Frequency Division Multiplexing (FDM)
D. Statistical Time Division Multiplexing (STDM)

47. He developed the first wireless telegraph and successfully sent a

message over a distance of few kilometers using a spark gap transmitter.
A. James Clerk Maxwell B. Edwin Arsmtrong
C. Guglielmo Marconi D. Heinrich HertzZ

48. Based on ITU-R Recommendations V.431-6, the metric subdivision of

0.030 to 0.300 THz is
A. micrometric B. kilometric C. millimetric D. decimicrometric

49. In FCC former designation, F6 means

A. Telephony; FM or PM
B. Television
C. Telegraphy; four-frequency duplex
D. Telegraphy; FSK

50. The theory of radio waves was originated by:

A. Marconi B. Bell C. Maxwell D. Hertz

51. Based on ITU-R Recommendations V.431-6, the metric subdivision of 3.00

to 30.0 kHz is
A. Hectomegametric B. Hectokilometric
C. Myriametric D. Decamegametric

52. Defined as the noise that has equal amount of energy per frequency
A. Pink Noise B. Transit-time noise
C. Blue Noise D. White Noise

53. In FCC former designation, PBD means

A. Telegraphy; pulse-width tone-modulated
B. Telephony; amplitude-modulated pulses
C. Telegraphy; phase or position tone-modulated
D. Telephony; pulse-width modulated

54. Radio waves travel at what speed?

A. Speed of the Earth's rotation
B. Speed of light
C. Speed of the Earth's orbit around the sun
D. Speed of sound

55. Which of the following types of energy cannot be seen, heard, or felt?
A. Heat waves B. Sound waves C. Light waves D. Radio waves

56. The operational word "I have completed transmitting and await your
reply" means
 A. Break B. Over C. Roger D. Copy

57. Hectomegametric occupies the frequency band of

A. 0.3 to 3 Hz B. 0.030 to 0.300 kHz
C. 300 to 3000 MHz D. 30 to 300 kHz

58. In FCC former designation, P2E means

A. Telegraphy; pulse-carrier tone-modulated
B. Telephony; amplitude-modulated pulses
C. Telegraphy; pulse-width tone-modulated
D. Telephony; pulse-Width modulated

59. A sound wave that moves back and forth in the direction of propagation
is an example of which of the following types of wave motion?
A. Longitudinal B. Composite
C. Concentric D. Transverse

60. What wave propagation principle accounts for the apparent increase in
frequency as a train whistle approaches and the apparent decrease in
frequency as it moves away?
A. Reflection B. Diffraction C. Refraction D. Doppler effect

61. What is the urgency signal in radiotelegraphy?

A. MAYDAY B. XXX C. SOS D. PANPAN

62. What are the three audible frequency ranges?

A. Infrasonic, sonic, and ultrasonic
B. Infrasonic, subsonic, and ultrasonic
C. Infrasonic, subsonic, and supersonic
D. Subsonic, sonic, and supersonic

63. The operational word "I have completed my communication and do not
expect to transmit again" means
A. Over B. Copy C. Out D. Roger

64. Noise that is the opposite of pink noise in that it doubles the amount
of energy each time you go up 1 octave.
A. Yellow B. White C. Blue D. Magenta

65. The number of times a particular phenomenon occurs in a given period

of time expressed in Hertz.
A. Period B. Crest C. Frequency D. Wavelength

66. _______ is the distance between two points of similar cycles of a

periodic wave or the distance traveled by an electromagnetic wave during
the time of one cycle typically expressed in meters.
A. Peak-to-peak value B. Crest
C. Wavelength D. Period

67. _______ is f-f1, where for frequencies inside the f1<f<f2 the magnitude
spectra fall no lower than 0.707 times the maximum value magnitude, and
the maximum value occurs at a frequency inside the band.
 A.-3dB bandwidth B. FCC bandwidth
C. zero-crossing BW D. Bounded spectrum bandwidth

68. What is the distress signal in radiotelephony?

A. PANPAN B. XXX C. TTT D. MAYDAY

69. In FCC former designation, A3A means

A. Telephony; FM or PM B. Telephony; SSBFC
C. Telephony; SSBSC D. Telephony; DSBFC

70. Radio signals are made up of

A. Electrons and protons B. Electric and magnetic fields
C. Voltages and currents D. Noise and data

71. Electromagnetic waves produced primarily by heat are called

A. Microwaves B. Shortwaves C. X-rays D. Infrared rays

72. Noise whose power density increases 3 dB per octave with increasing
frequency over a finite frequency range.
A. pink noise B. blue noise C. white noise D. green noise

73. In FCC former designation, P3F means

A Telephony; amplitude-modulated pulses
B. Telephony; pulse phase or position-modulated
C. Telegraphy; phase or position tone-modulated
D. Telephony; pulse-width modulated

74. Another name for signals in the HF range is

A. Shortwaves B. Microwaves
C. Millimeter waves D. RF waves

75. A micron is
A. One-millionth of a foot B. One-thousandth of a meter
C. One ten-thousandth of an inch D. One-millionth of a meter

76. Radio-frequency waves cannot be seen for which of the following

reasons?
A. Because the human eye detects only magnetic energy
B. Because radio-frequency waves are below the sensitivity range of the
human eye
C. Because radio-frequency waves are above the sensitivity range of the
human eye
D Because radio-frequency energy is low powered

77. In FCC former designation, A3J means

A. Telephony; SSBSC B. Telephony; SSBRC
C. Telephony; SSBFC D. Telephony; DSBFC

78. In FCC former designation, P2D means

A. Telegraphy; pulse-carrier tone-modulated
B. Telephony; pulse-width modulated
C. Telephony; amplitude-modulated pulses
 D. Telegraphy; pulse-width tone-modulated

79. _______ is the difference between the upper and lower frequency limits
(f2-f1) where the spectrum is zero outside the interval f1<f<f2 along the
positive frequency axis.
A. half-power BW B. zero-crossing BW
C.-3dB bandwidth D. Absolute bandwidth

80. In FCC former designation, P2F means

A. Telephony; amplitude-modulated pulses
B. Telegraphy; pulse-carrier tone-modulated
C. Telegraphy; phase or position tone-modulated
D. Telegraphy; pulse-width tone-modulated

81. The process of transmitting two or more information signals

simultaneously over the same channel is called
A. Mixing B. Telemetry C. Modulation D. Multiplexing

82. Recovering information from a carrier is known as

A. Modulation B. Detection
C. Demultiplexing D. Carrier recovery

83. In FCC former designation, P3E means

A. Telephony; pulse-width modulated
B. Telegraphy; phase or position tone-modulated
C. Telephony; amplitude-modulated pulses
D. Telegraphy; pulse-width tone-modulated

84. _______ is a technique used in communications and input/output

operations for transmitting a number of separate signals simultaneously
over a single channel or line.
A. Accessing B. Polling C. Multiplexing D. Contention

85. Centimetric wave occupies the frequency band of.

A. 0.3 to 3 GHz B. 0.030 to 0.300 MHz
C. 3 to 30 GHz D. 30 to 300 MHz

86. A unique band of frequencies within the wideband frequency spectrum of

the medium is allotted to each communication channel on a continuous time
basis.
A. Time Division Duplexing (TDD)
B. Frequency Division Duplexing (FDD)
C. Frequency Division Multiplexing (FDM)
D. Time Division Multiplexing (TDM)

87. In FCC former designation, A3H means

A. Telephony; DSBFC B. Telegraphy; SSBSC
C. Telegraphy; FSK D. Telephony; SSBFC

88. ________ can allocate bandwidth, in the form of time slots, in

consideration of the transmission requirements of individual devices
serving specific applications.
A. Statistical Time Division Multiplexing (STDM)
B. Passive Time Division Multiplexing (TDM)
C. Frequency Division Multiplexing (FDM)
D. Wavelength Division Multiplexing (WDM)

89. A single channel (64 Kbps) or some number of 64 Kbps channels.

A. Wideband B. Baseband C. Narrowband D. Broadband

90. _______ is multi-channel capacity which is 45 Mbps according to US.

standards and 34 Mbps according to European/international standards.
A. Wideband B. Baseband C. Narrowband D. Broadband

91. What is the distress signal in radioteleglaphy?

A. SOS B. PANPAN C. MAYDAY D. XXXX

92. Based on ITU-R Recommendations V.431-6, the adjectival designation of

30 to 300 Hz is
A. ULF B. VLF C. ELF D. LF

93. The operational word "I am changing from one part of the message to
another" means
A. Roger B. Copy C. Break D. Over

94. Noise whose power density increases 6 dB per octave with increasing
frequency over a finite frequency range.
A. pink noise B. green noise C. blue noise D. purple noise

95. ______ for a given class of emission is defined as the width of the
frequency band that is just sufficient to ensure the transmission of
information at the rate and with the quality required under specified
conditions.
A. -3dB bandwidth B. Necessary Bandwidth
C. Absolute bandwidth D. half-power BW

96. In FCC former designation, A3 means

A. Telegraphy; pulse-carrier tone-modulated
B. Telephony; DSBFC
C. Telephony; ISB
D. Telephony; SSBRC

97. In 1822, he discovered electromagnetic induction, the reverse of

Oersted discovery.
A. Michael Faraday B. Joseph Henry
C. James Clerk Maxwell D. Wilhelm Weber

98. In 1866, put together the principles of Oersted and Faraday and
hypothesized the existence of electromagnetic waves.
A. Guglielmo Marconi B. Arthur Clarke
C. Heinrich Hertz D. James Clerk Maxwell

99. Decimillimetric occupies the frequency band of

A. 30 to 300 kHz B. 300 to 3000 GHz
C. 0.3 to 3 GHz D. 0.030 to 0.300 THz

100. What is the urgency signal in radiotelephony?

A. PANPAN B. XXX C MAYDAY D. SECURITY

101. In a time-domain plot, the horizontal axis is a measure of

A. signal amplitude B. frequency
C. phase D. time

102. If the bandwidth of a signal is s kHz and the lowest frequency is 52

kHz, what is the highest frequency
A. 57 kHz B. 47 kHz C. 10 kHz D. 23 kHz

103. Electronic communications was discovered in which century?

A. 16 century B. 19 century C. 18 century D. 20 century

104. One-way communications is called

A. Half duplex B. Full duplex C. Monocomm D. Simplex

105. ________ is a type of transmission impairment in which the signal

loses strength due to the different propagation speeds of each frequency
makes up the signal.
A. Attenuation B. Distortion C. Noise D. Decibel

106. Television broadcasting occurs in which ranges

A. HF B. EHF C. VHF D. SHF

107. The frequency range of infrared rays is approximately

A. 30 to 300 GHz B. 4000 to 8000A
C. 1000 to 10,000 A D. 0.7 to 100 um

108. Given two sine waves A and B, if the frequency of A is twice that of
B, then the period of B is that _____ of A.
A. one-half B. twice
C. the same as D. indeterminate from

109. _____ can impair a signal.

A. Attenuation B. Noise C. Distortion D. All of the above

110. ________ is a type of transmission impairment in which the signal

loses strength due to the resistance of the transmission medium.
A. Attenuation B. Distortion C. Noise D. Decibel

111. The communications medium causes the signal to be

A. Amplified B. Modulated C. Attenuated D. Interfered with

112. Which of the following is not a source of noise?

A. Another communications signal
B. Atmospheric effects
C. Manufactured electrical systems
D. Thermal agitation in electronic components
113. When propagation speed is multiplied by propagation time, we get the
A. throughput
B. wavelength of the signal
C. distortion factor
D. distance a signal or bit has traveled

114. The product defines the number of bits that can fill the link.
A. bandwidth-period B. frequency-amplitude
C. bandwidth-delay D. delay-amplitude

115. Baseband transmission of a digital signal is possible only if we have

a ______ channel.
A. low-pass B. low rate C. bandpass D. high rate

116. In the United States, the electromagnetic spectrum is regulated and

managed by
A. Business and industry B. ITU
C. FCC D. The United Nations

117. For a given bandwidth signal, more channel space is available for
signals in the range of
A. VHF B. UHF C. SHF D. EHF

118. Frequency and period are

A. inverse of each other B. proportional to each other
C. the same D. B and C

119. A sine wave is not useful in data communications; we need to send a

signal.
A. composite; single-frequency B. single-frequency; composite
C. single-frequency; double-frequency D. complex, composite

120. ________ is the rate of change with respect to time.

A. Amplitude B. Frequency C. Time D. Voltage

121. Calculate the energy related to the frequency occupied by VLF.

A. 124 ueV to 1.24 ueV B. 1.24 peV to 12.4 peV
C. 12.4 peV to 124 peV D. 124 meV to 1.24 eV

122. Communication is the process of

A. Keeping in touch B. Broadcasting
C. Exchanging information D. Entertainment by electronics

123. _______ is a type of transmission impairment in which an outside

source such as crosstalk corrupts a signal.
A. Attenuation B. Distortion C. Noise D. Decibel

124. As frequency increases, the period

A. decreases B. increases C. remains the same D. doubles

125. The approximate wavelength of red light is

A. 1000 um B. 7000 A C. 3500 A D. 4000 A
126. Which of the following is not used for communications?
A. X-rays B. Millimeter waves C. Infrared D. Microwaves

127. A sine wave in the _______ domain can be represented by one single
spike in the _______ domain.
A. time; frequency B. frequency; time C. time; phase D. phase; time

128. Receiving electromagnetic emissions from stars is called

A. Astrology B. Optical astronomy
C. Radio astronomy D. Space surveillance

129. A person communications hobby for individuals is

A. Ham radio B. Electronic bulletin board
C. CB radio D. Cellular radio

130. For a ________ . channel, the Nyquist bit rate formula defines the
theoretical maximum bit rate.
A. noisy B. noiseless C. bandpass D. low-pass

131. If the available channel is a channel, we cannot send a digital

signal directly to the channel.
A. low-pass B. bandpass C. low rate D. high rate

132. The original electrical information signal to be transmitted is

called the
A. Modulating signal B. Carrier
C. Baseband signal D. Source signal

133. The process of modifying a high-frequency carrier with the

information to be transmitted is called
A. Multiplexing B. Telemetry C. Modulation D. Detection

134. A periodic signal completes one cycle in 0.001 s. What is the

frequency?
A. 1 MHz B. 1 kHz C. 100 Hz D. 1 Hz

135. In a frequency-domain plot, the horizontal axis measures the

A. peak amplitude B. frequency C. phase D. slope

136. The ______ of a composite signal is the difference between the

highest and the lowest frequencies contained in that signal.
A. frequency B. period C. bandwidth D. amplitude

137. _____ describes the position of the waveform relative to time 0.

A. Frequency B. Phase C. Amplitude D. Voltage

138. Calculate the energy related to the frequency occupied by ELF.

A. 124 fev to 1.24 peV B. 1.24 peV to 12.4 pev
C. 12.4 peV to 124 peV D. 124 peV to 1.24 nhev

139. Simultaneous two-way communications is called

 A. Half duplex B. Full duplex C. Bicomm D. Simplex

140. Continuous voice or video signals are referred to as being

A. Baseband B. Analog C. Digital D. Continuous waves

141. Transmission of graphical information over the telephone network is

accomplished by
A. Television B. CATV C. Videotext D. Facsimile

142. A sine wave is

A. periodic and continuous B. aperiodic and continuous
C. periodic and discrete D. aperiodic and discrete

143. If the maximum amplitude of a sine wave is 2 V, the minimum amplitude

is _______ V.
A. 2 B. 1 C. -2 D. between -2 and 2

144. Measuring physical conditions at some remote location and

transmitting this data for analysis is the process of
A. Telemetry B. Instrumentation C. Modulation D. Multiplexing

145. Radar is bases upon

A. Microwaves
B. A water medium
C. The directional nature of radio signals
D. Reflected radio signals

146. A frequency of 27 MHz has a wavelength of approximately

A. 11 m B. 27 m C. 30 m D. 81 m

147. The voice frequency range is

A. 30 to 300 Hz B. 300 to 3000 Hz
C. 20 Hz to 20 kHz D. 0 Hz to 15 kHz

148. A signal occupies the spectrum space from 1.115 to 1.122 GHz. The
bandwidth is
A. 0.007 MHz B. 7 MHz C. 237 MHz D. 700 MHz

149. A signal is measured at two different points. The power is P1 at the

first point and P2 at the second point. The dB is 0. This means _______
A. P2 is zero B. P2 equals P1
C. P2 is much larger than P1 D. P2 is much smaller than P1

150. For a channel, we need to use the Shannon capacity to find the
maximum bit rate.
A. noisy B. noiseless C. bandpass D. low-pass

151. The standard AM broadcast band

A. starts at 88 kHz and ends at 108 kHz
B. starts at 535 kHz and ends at 1605 kHz
C. starts at 535 MHz and ends at 1605 MHz
D. starts at 88 MHz and ends at 108 MHz
152. Two sinusoidal signals, V1 and V2, are fed into an ideal balanced
mixer. V1 1s a 20-MHz signal; V2 is a 5-MHz signal. What frequencies would
you expect at the output of the mixer?
A. 5 MHz and 15 MHz B. 20 MHz and 100 MHZ
C. 15 MHz and 25 MHz D. 5 MHz and 25 MHz

153. An AM transmitter generates 100 watts with 0% modulation. How much

power will it generate with 20% modulation?
A. 50.12 watts B. 310.1 watts C. 102 watts D. 256 watts

154. If the carrier power is 1000 watts, what is the power in the USB at
70.7 % modulation?
A. 333.33 watts B. 125 watts C. 666.67 watts D. 70.7 watts

155. A carrier is modulated by three audio tones. If the modulation

indexes for the tones are 0.3, 0.4, and 0.5, then what is the total
modulation index?
A. 0.636 B. 1.2 C. 0.707 D. 0.9

156. You look at an AM Signal with an oscilloscope and see that the
maximum Vpp is 100 volts and the minimum Vpp is 25 volts. What is the
modulation index?
A. 0.25 B. 1.25 C. 0.6 D. 0.75

157. A SSB transmitter is connected to a 50-ohm antenna. If the peak

output voltage of the transmitter is 20 volts, what is the PEP?
A. 6 watts B. 4 watts C. 8 watts D. 2 watts

158. The total power in an AM signal increases with modulation, reaching a

value of _____ greater than that of the unmodulated carrier at _____
A. 80%, 80% B. 32%, 80% modulation
C. 50%, 75% D. 64%, 80% modulation

159. The total power in an AM Signal increases with modulation, reaching a

value _____ greater than that of the modulated wave at ______
A. 13%, 50% B. 22, 75% modulation
C. 50%, 50% D. 33, 90% modulation

10. An AM transmitter supplies a 10 kW of carrier power to a 50 ohms load.

It operates at a carrier frequency of 1.2 MHz and is 85% modulated by 3MHz
sine wave. Calculate the rms voltage of the signal.
A. 547 V B. 825 V C. 327 V D. 707.1 V

11. For H3E transmitter, the useful power, that is, the power that carries
the information, is rather small reaching a maximum of _______.
A. one-third of the total signal power at 100% modulation
B. one-fifth of the total signal power at 100% modulation
C. one-fourth of the total signal power at 100% modulation
D. one-tenth of the total signal power at 100% modulation
12. For A3E transmitter, the useful power, that is, the power that carries
the information in one of the sideband, is rather small reaching a maximum
of ____
A. one-third of the total signal power at 100% modulation
B. one-fifth of the total signal power at 100% modulation
C. one-fourth of the total signal power at 100% modulation
D. one-sixth of the total signal power at 100% modulation

13. The power amplifier of an AM transmitter draws 100 watts from the
power supply with no modulation. Assuming high-level modulation, how much
power does the modulation amplifier deliver for 100% modulation?
A. 16.67 watts B. 50 watts C. 33.33 watts D. 66.67 watts

14. If the final RF amplifier of an AM transmitter is powered by 100 volts

DC, what is the maximum collector voltage at 100% modulation?
A. 400 volts B. 50 volts C. 200 volts D. 100 volts

15. Determine the power saving in percent when the carrier is suppressed
in an AM signal modulated to 80%.
A. 75.76% B. 82.82% C. 33.33% D. 16.67%

16. The most commonly used filter in SSB generation.

A. Mechanical B. RC C. LC D. Low pass

17. Which of the following is not a technique of generating an SSB signal?

A. phase shift method B. filter method
C. weaver method D. Armstrong method

18. An emission technique where the total current will be twice as much
when the modulation index is doubled.
A. R3E B. H3E C. A3E D. 33E

19. What is the maximum modulating signal frequency that can be used with
an H3E system with 20-kHz bandwidth?
A. 10 kHz B. 20 kHz C. 5 kHz D. 40 kHz

20. An AM broadcast transmitter is tested by feeding the RF output into a

50 ohm (dummy) load. Tone modulation is applied. The carrier frequency is
850 kHz and the FCC licensed power output is 5 kW. The sinusoidal tone is
set for 90% modulation. What is the average power that is being dissipated
in the dummy load?
A. 7.25 kW B. 7025 W C. 72.k5 W D. 725 W

21. How many percent of the total transmitted power is present in the
sideband in an A3E system?
A. 16.67% B. 80% C. 50% D. 33.33%

22. An intelligence signal is amplified by a 70% efficient amplifier

before being combined with a 10-kW carrier to generate the AM signal. If
it is desired to operate at 100% modulation, what is the dc input power to
the final intelligence amplifier?
A. 7.14 kW B. 5.14 kW C. 4.14 kW D. 6.14 kW
23. A transistor RF power amplifier operating class C is designed to
produce 40W output with a supply voltage of 60 V. If the efficiency is
70%, what is the average collector current?
A. 666.67 mA B. 952.4 mA C. 476.2 mA D. 238.1 mA

24. At 80% modulation H3E, what is the percentage power saving?

A. 66.67% B. 33.33% C. 12.12% D. 16.67%

25. An AM transmitter has a 1-kW carrier and is modulated by three

different sinewaves having equal amplitudes. If the total modulation index
is 80%, calculate the individual values of m in % and the total
transmitted power.
A. 56.2%, 1.32 kW B. 46.2%, 1.72 kW
C. 46.2%, 1.32 kW D. 56.2%, 1.72 kW

26. The total bandwidth needed for an AM signal at 55.25 MHz with 0.5 MHz
video modulation is,
A. 0.5 MHz B. 1 MHz C. 101.5 MHz D. 10 MHz

27. A transmitter radiates 9 kW with the carrier unmodulated and 2.08 kW

when the carrier is sinusoidally modulated and then suppressed. The
modulation index is
A. 0.6 B. 0.8 C. 0.68 D. 0.58

28. The "envelope" of an AM signal is due to:

A. the baseband signal B. the carrier signal
C. the amplitude signal D. none of the above

29. The equation for full-carrier AM is:

A. v(t) = (Ec + Em) Sin((wct)
B. v(t) = (Ec + Em) x sin(wct) + sin((wct)
C. v(t) = (Ec - Em) X Sin(wct) x sin(wct)
D. v(t) = (Ec + Em Sin(wct)) x sin(wct)

30. An SSB transmitter has an average power ranging from 750-1000 W. What
is the PEPP?
A. 9 kW B. 6 kW C. 3 kW D. 5 kW

31. Calculate the average power of an SSB signal with 2-tone modulation if
the peak voltage is 25 V, and assume that the load is 50 ohms, resistive.
A. 1.56 to 2.08 W B. 1.32 to 2.8 W
C. 1.12to 2.08 W D. 1.66 to 2.58 W

32. Determine the percentage power saving if the carrier and the USB is
suppressed in an AM system modulated at 85%.
A. 82.23% B. 66.67% C. 86.73% D. 89.71%

33. When a broadcast AM transmitter is 80% modulated, its antenna current

is 15A. What will be the new output current and the percentage increase
when the modulation depth is increased by 95%?
A. 15.78 A, 17% B. 13.1 A, 20.46% C. 13.1 A, 17% D. 15.78 A, 20.46%
34. In amplitude modulated wave equation, the carrier is _____ with both
the upper and lower side frequencies, and the upper and lower side
frequencies are _______ with each other.
A. 90° out of phase, 180° out of phase
B. 180° out of phase, 90° out of phase
C. 90° out of phase, 270° out of phase
D. 270° out of phase, 90° out of phase

35. A term used to describe the amount of amplitude changed present

waveform.
A. Deviation B. Coefficient of Modulation
C. Shift D. Drift

36. Calculate the modulation index for a standard AM transmission, if the

maximum peak voltage of the modulated wave is 150 V and the modulating
signal voltage is 50 V peak.
A. 25% B. 75 % C. 50% D. 1000%

37. What is the value of modulation index and the relation between
modulating signal amplitude and carrier amplitude if the transmitted AM
wave is under-modulated.
A. m=1, Vm=Vc B. m>1, Vm>Vc
C. m<1, Vm<Vc D. m= infinite, Vm=V=0

38. At 75% modulation, what percentage of the total transmitted power is

in the sideband?
A. 21.95% B. 33.33% C. 16.67% D. 12.67%

39. Calculate the suppressed carrier voltage of a DSBSC system if the

transmitted voltage is 75 V at 89% modulation.
A. 63.476 V B. 119.18 V C. 68.52 V D. 146.31 V

40. Calculate the modulated current of a SSBSC transmitter if the carrier

current is 6.5 A at 75% modulation.
A. 2.44 A B. 6.94 A C. 7.36 A D. 3.45 A

41. Calculate the power in one sideband of an AM signal whose carrier

power is 50 watts. The unmodulated current is 2 A while the modulated
current is 2.4 A.
A. 22.1 W B. 31.4 W C. 50 W D. 25 W

42. How many percent of the total transmitted power is present in the
carrier in an H3E system?
A. 0% B. 66.67% C. 25% D. 16.67%

43. A 200 W carrier is modulated to a depth of 75%. The power of the

modulated wave is
A. 56.25 W B. 228.125 W C. 256.25 W D. 200 W

44. A SSBFC broadcast radio transmitter radiates 10 kW when the modulation

percentage is 65%. The carrier power is
A. 8.26 kW B. 12.11 kW C. 2.11 kW D. 9.04 kW
45. At 100% modulation J3E, what percentage of the total transmitted power
is in sideband?
A. 100% B. 0% C. 80% D. 50%

46. The antenna current of an SSBFC AM transmitter is 8 A when only the

carrier is sent. It is increases to 8.5 A when the carrier is sinusoidal
modulated. The percentage modulation is ______
A. 77.7% B. 71.8% C. 66.7%% D. 50.7%

47. ________ is the process of impressing or imparting a low-frequency

source information (voice, audio, video, or data) onto a high-frequency
bandpass signal with a carrier frequency fc by the introduction of
amplitude, frequency or phase perturbation.
A. Mixing B. Modulation
C. Heterodyning D. Multiplexing

48. ______ is an analog modulation scheme in which the amplitude of a

relatively high-frequency carrier signal is varied in accordance with the
instantaneous amplitude of an information signal.
A. Pulse Modulation B. Quadrature Amplitude Modulation
C. Angle Modulation D. Amplitude Modulation

49. Fourier analysis often allows complex signals to be express as a

series of
A. sinusoids B. pulse C. ellipse D. rectified signals

50. Mathematical process that allows complex signals to be express as a

series of sinusoids.
A. Bessel Function B. Taylor Series
C. Fourier analysis D. Heaviside Expansion

51. An AM transmitter uses a high-level modulation. The RF power amplifier

runs from 12 volt source, putting out a carrier power of 85 watts, with an
efficiency of 85%, what load impedance is required in order for it to
deliver the rated power?
A. 2.16 ohms B. 0.13 ohms C. 1.69 ohms D. 0.85 ohms

52. At 50% modulation DSBSC, what is the percentage power saving?

A. 75.75% B. 88.88% C. 66.67% D. 87.87%

53. At 100% modulation H3E, what percentage of the total transmitted power
is the carrier?
A. 66.67% B. 20% C. 33.33% D. 80%

54. A 500 W carrier is simultaneously modulated by two audio wave with

modulation percentage of 55% and 65% respectively. Calculate the total
sideband power if an additional audio wave modulates the carrier at 25%
A. 196.875 Watts B. 15.625 Watts C. 696.875 Watts D. 98.43 Watts

55. At 80% modulation J3E, what is the percentage power saving?

A. 66.67% B. 87.87% C. 75.75% D. 16.67%%
56. A radio transmitter, SSB-FC AM radiates 50 kW of carrier power. The
radiated power at 85% modulation will be,
A. 68.1 kW B. 9.03 kW C. 59.03 kW D. 18.1 kW

57. What is the value of modulation index and the relation between
modulating signal amplitude and carrier amplitude at 100% modulation.
A. m1, Vm=Vc B. m>1, Vm>Vc
C. m<1, Vm<Vc D. m= infinite, Vm=Vc=0

58. What is the carrier power in one sideband of an AM signal whose

carrier power is 300 W, with 80% modulation?
A. 300 W B. 96 W C. 150 W D. 48 W

59. Overmodulation in AM creates side frequencies further from the carrier

known as
A. splatter B. image frequencies
C. Nyquist frequency D. jitter

60. Another name for splatter

A. buckshot B. jitter C. noise D. hits

61. Calculate the modulating voltage of an audio signal necessary to

provide 100% modulation of a 100-V carrier that is simultaneously
modulated by 2 audio waves with mi and m2 equal to 75% and 45%
respectively.
A. 24.25 V B. 32.8 V C. 50.3 V D. 48.5 V

62. A DSB-SC system must suppress the carrier by 50 dB from its original
value of 10 W. To what value must the carrier be reduced?
A. 1 mW B. 10 mW C. 0.1 mW D. 0.01 mW

63. The total power in an AM signal increases with modulation, reaching a

value of greater than that of the unmodulated carrier at 100% modulation.
A. 25% B. 75 % C. 50% D. 100%

64. For a standard AM transmission, the maximum pèak-to-peak voltage is

150 V and the minimum peak-to-peak voltage is 50 V. Calculate the
modulation index.
A. 75% B. 50% C. 25% D. 100%

65. An AM transmitter uses high-level modulation. The RF power amplifier

draws 12A from a 22 V supply, putting out a carrier power of 140 watts.
What impedance would be seen at the modulation transformer secondary?
A. 2.16 ohm B. 0.183 ohm C. 1.83 ohm D. 1.56 ohm

66. At 100% modulation, what percentage of the total transmitted power is

in each sideband?
A. 50% B. 66.67% C. 16.67% D. 33.33%

67. A Standard AM transmission, sinusoidally modulated to a depth of 30%,

produces side frequencies of 4.928 and 4.914 MHz. The amplitude of each
side frequency is 75 V. Determine the amplitude and frequency of the
carrier.
A. 500V, 4.907 MHz B. 50V, 4.907 MHz
C. 50V, 4.90 MHz D. 500V, 4.90 MHz

68. The output power of an AM transmitter is 1 kW when sinusoidally

modulated to a depth of 100%. Calculate the power at each side frequency
when the modulation depth is reduced to 50%.
A. 83.33 W B. 750 W C. 41.67 W D. 20.83 W

69. An audio system requires a frequency response from 50 Hz to 15 kHz for

high fidelity. If this signal were transmitted using AM, what bandwidth
would it require?
A. 15 kHz B. 25 kHz C. 8 kHz D. 30 kHz

70. An AM transmission of 3 kW is 100% modulated. If it is transmitter as

an SSB signal, what would be the power transmitted?
A. 2000 W B. 500 W C. 1500 W D. 250 W

71. What is the value of modulation index and the relation between
modulating signal amplitude and carrier amplitude if the transmitted AM
wave is overmodulated.
A. m=1, Vm=Ve B. m>1, Vm>Vc
C. m<1, Vm<Ve D. m= infinite, Vm=V=0

72. With low-level AM:

A. the RF amplifiers must be Class A
B. the RF amplifiers must be Class B
C. the RF amplifiers must be linear
D. the RF amplifiers must be low-power

73. The maximum bandwidth of an AM wave is of the maximum modulating

frequency.
A. 3x B. equal to C. half D. twice

74. An AM signal has the following characteristics: carrier frequency 150

MHz; modulating frequency = 3 MHz; peak carrier voltage = 40 volts; and
peak modulating voltage is 30 volts. Calculate the peak voltage of the
lower sideband frequency.
A. 7.5 V B. 5V C. 10 V D. 15 V

75. The amplitude of the upper and lower side frequencies is a function of
both the
A. carrier frequency and the modulation frequency
B. carrier amplitude and the modulation index
C. modulated wave amplitude and the modulation index
D. sideband amplitude and the modulation frequency

76. An AM transmitter is modulated by two sine waves at 1.5 kHz and 2.5
kHz, with modulation of 20 percent and 80 percent respectively. Calculate
the effective modulation index.
A. 82% B. 85% C. 80% D. 78%
77. In amplitude modulated wave equation, the carrier component is a
______ function, the upper side frequency a _____ function, and the lower
side frequency a ______ function.
A. -sine, +cosine, +sine B -sine, -cosine, -sine
C. +sine, -cosine, +cosine D. +sine, +Cosine, -Cosine

78. For conventional AM, the useful power, that is, the power that carries
the information, is rather small reaching a maximum of ________.
A. one-third of the total signal power at 100% modulation
B. one-fifth of the total signal power at 100% modulation
C. one-fourth of the total signal power at 100% modulation
D. one-tenth of the total signal power at 100% modulation

79. The values of Vmax and Vmin as read from an AM wave on an oscilloscope
is 2.6 and 0.29 respectively. Determine the percentage modulation.
A. 69.28% B. 39.95% C. 79.9% D. 34.6%

80. If Va sin(wat) amplitude modulates the carrier Vc sin(wct), it will

produce the frequencies:
A. Wc + Wa and Wc - Wa B. (Wc +Wa)/2 and (Wc - Wa)/2
C. Wc +Wa and 2Wc+ 2Wa D. (Wc X Wa)/2 and (Wc X Wa)/2

81. At 100% modulation, the total sideband power is:

A. equal to the carrier power B. twice the carrier power
C. half the carrier power D. 1.414 x carrier power

82. What will be the total sideband power of an AM transmitting station

whose carrier power is 1200 W and a modulation of 95%?
A. 1200 W B. 541.5 W C. 270.75 W D. 483.5 W

83. The outline of the peaks of a carrier has the shape of the modulating
signal and is called the
A. Carrier variation B. Envelope
C. Waveshape D. Trace

84. The new signals produced by modulation are called

A. Spurious emissions B. Harmonics
C. Sidebands D. Intermodulation products

85. What is the minimum AM signal needed to transmit information

A. Both sidebands B. Carrier plus sidebands
C. Carrier only D. One sideband

6. During 100% modulation, what percentage of the average output power is

in the sidebands?
A. 66.67% B. 33.33% C. 22.22% D. 88.88%

87. An AM transmitter at 27 MHz develops 10 W of carrier power into a 50-

ohms load. It is modulated by a 2-kHz sine wave between 20% and 90%
modulation. Determine the maximum and minimum waveform voltage of the AM
signal at 20% and 90% modulation.
A. Vmin 20%)25.3 V, Vmax(20%)=37.9 V, Vmin(90%)=3.14 V, Vmax(90%)=60.1V
B. Vmin(20%,)=33.3 V, Vmax(20%)=22.1 V, Vmin(90%)=3.14 V, Vmax(90%) 60.1 V
C. Vmin(20%,) =25.3 V, Vmax(20%6) = 22.1 V, Vmin(90%,)=4.45 V, Vmax(90% )=
12.1 V
D. Vmin(20%)=33.3 V, Vmax(20%)=37.9 V, Vmin(90%) =4.45 V, Vmax(90%)=12.1 V

88. The inputs to a balanced modulator are 1 MHz and a carrier of 1.5 MHz.
The outputs are
A. 500 kHz B. 2.5 MHz C. 1.5 MHz D. 500 kHz and 2.5 MHz

89. A widely used balanced modulator is called the

A. Diode bridge circuit B. Full-wave bridge rectifier
C. Lattice modulator D. Balanced bridge modulator

90. A SSB signal is generated around a 200-kHz carrier. Before filtering,

the upper and lower SB are separated by 200 Hz. Calculate the filter Q
required to obtain 40-dB suppression.
A. Q=2.5 B. Q=25 C. Q=250 D. Q=2500

91. Amplitude modulation is the same as

A. Linear mixing B. Analog multiplication
C. Signal summation D. Multiplexing

92. The principal circuit in the popular 1496/1596 IC balanced modulator

is a
A. Differential amplifier B. Rectifier
C. Bridge D. Constant current source

93. The most commonly used filter in SSB generators uses

A. LC networks B. Mechanical resonators
C. Crystals D. RC networks and op amps

94. An unmodulated carrier is 300 Vp-p. Calculate %m when its maximum p-p
value reaches 400, 500, and 600 V.
A. %m1=44.4%, %m2=83.3%, %m3=100% B. %m1=22.2%, %m2=33.3%, %m3=100%
C. %m1=16.67%, %m2=83.3%, %m3=100% D. %m1=33.3%, %m2=66.7%, %m3=100%

95. A balanced modulator used to demodulate a SSB signal is called a(n)

A. Transponder B. Product detector
C. Converter D. Modulator

96. Frequency translation is carried out by a circuit called a

A. Translator B. Converter
C. Balanced modulator D. Local oscillator

97. A 100-V carrier is modulated by a 1-kHz sine wave. Determine the side
frequency amplitudes when m=0.75.
A. Vsf=37.5 V B. Vsf=86.5 V C. Vsf=46.5V D. Vsf=57.5 V

98. The component used to produce AM at very high frequencies is a

A. Varactor B. Thermistor C. Cavity resonator D. PIN diode
99. An intelligence signal is amplified by a 70% efficient amplifier
before being combined with a 10 kW carrier to generate the AM signal. If
it is desired to operate at 100% modulation, what is the dc input power to
the final intelligence amplifier?
A. Pin/dc=34.66 kW B. Pin/dc=5.75 kW
C. Pin/dc=7.14 kW D. Pin/dc=3.26 kW

100. The ac rms antenna current of an AM transmitter is 6.2 A when

unmodulated and rises to 6.7 A when modulated. Calculate %m.
A. m=11.9% B. m=33.9% C. m=57.9% D. m=78.9%

101. The inputs to a mixer are fo and fm. In down conversion, which of the
following mixer output signals is selected?
A. f B. fm C. fo-fm D. fo+fm

102. Calculate the required Q for a 1MHz carrier, 80 dB suppression, 200

Hz frequency separation.
A. Q=12,5000 B. Q=1,250,000 C. Q=1,250 D. Q=125,000

103. In a diode modulator, the negative half of the AM wave is supplied by

a(n)
A. Tuned circuit B. Transformer C. Capacitor D. Inductor

104. Amplitude modulators that vary the carrier amplitude with the
modulating signal by passing it through an attenuator work on the
principle of
A. Rectification B. Resonance
C. Variable resistance D. Absorption

105. An AM transmission of 1000 W is fully modulated. Calculate the power

transmitted if it is transmitted as a SSB signal.
A. Pssb=167 W B. Pssb=826 W C. Pssb=369 W D. Pssb=478 W

106. That Circuit that recovers the original modulating information from
an AM signal is known as a
A. Modulator B. Demodulator C. Mixer D. Crystal set

107. In the phasing method of SSB generation, one sideband is canceled out
due to
A. Phase shift B. Sharp selectivity
C. Carrier suppression D. Phase inversion

108. A SSB transmission drives 121 Vp, into a 50-ohm antenna. Calculate
the PEP.
A. PEP=642 W B. PEP=31.7 W C. PEP=146 W D. PEP=35.6 W

109. The desired output from a mixer is usually selected with a

A. Phase-shift circuit B. Crystal filter
C. Resonant circuit D. Transformer
110. A 1-MHz, 40 V, carrier is modulated by a 5-kHz intelligence signal
such that m=0.7. This AM signal is fed to a 50-ohm antenna. Calculate the
power of each spectral component fed to the antenna.
A. Pc=35 W, Pusb=Plsb=34.96 W B. Pc=16 W, Pusb=Plsb=1.96 W
C. Pc=87 W, Pusb=Plsb=1.44 W D. Pc=11 W, Pusb= Plsb=4.22 W

111. The most commonly used amplitude demodulator is the

A. Diode mixer B. Balanced modulator
C. Envelope detector D. Crystal filter

112. Calculate the filter's required Q to convert DSB to SSB, given that
the two sidebands are separated by 200 Hz. The suppressed carrier (40 dB)
is 2.0 in
A. Q=12,241 B. Q=44,670 C. Q=36,250 D. Q=6,610

113. Amplitude modulation can be produced by

A. Having a carrier vary a resistance
B. Having the modulating signal vary a capacitance
C. Varying the carrier frequency
D. Varying the gain of an amplifier

114. A circuit that generates the upper and lower sidebands but no carrier
is called a(n)
A. Amplitude modulator B. Diode detector
C. Class C amplifier D Balanced modulator

115. In a diode ring modulator, the diode act like

A. Variable resistors B. Switches
C. Rectifiers D. Variable capacitors

116. The output of a balanced modulator is

A. AM B. FM C. SSB D. DSB

117. An AM transmitter at 27 MHz develops 10 W of carrier power into a 50-

ohm load. It is modulated by a 2-kHz sine wave between 20 and 90%
modulation. Determine the sideband signal voltage and power at 20% and 90%
modulation.
A. Vsb(20%)1.24 V, Psb(20%)=0.21 W, Vsb(90%)=22.06 V, Psb(90%)=64.025 W
B. Vsb(20%)=4.24 V, Psb(20%)=0.14 W, Vsb(90%) =10.06 V, Psb(90%)=64.025 W
C. Vsb(20%)= 2.24 V, Psb(20%,)=0.1 W, Vsb(90%)=10.06 V, Psb(90%)=2.025 W
D. Vsb(20%)=4.24 V, Psb(20%)=0.61 W, Vsb(90%)=22.06 V, Psb(90%)=2.025 W

118. If m is greater than 1, what happens?

A. Normal operation B. Carrier drops to zero
C. Carrier frequency shifts D. Information signal is distorted

119. Distortion of the modulating signal produces harmonics which cause an

increase in the signal
A. Carrier power B. Bandwidth
C. Sideband power D. Envelope voltage
120. The process of translating a signal, with or without modulation, to a
higher or lower frequency for processing is called
A. Frequency multiplication B. Frequency division
C. Frequency shift D. Frequency conversion

121. An AM transmitter at 27 MHz develops 10 w of carrier power into a 50-

ohm load. It is modulated by a 2-kHz sine wave between 20 and 90%
modulation. Determine the load current at 20% and 90% modulation.
A. Iload(20%) =0.924 A, Iload(90%) =0.33 A
B. Iload(20%) =0.451 A, Iload(90%) =0.53 A
C. Iload(20%) =0.612 A, Iload(90%) =0.33 A
D. Iload(20%) =0.924 A, Iload(90%) =0.53 A

122. The equivalent circuit or a quartz crystal is a

A. Series resonant circuit B. Parallel resonant circuit
C. Neither A nor B D. Both A and B

123. Amplitude modulation generated at a very low voltage or power

amplitude is known as
A. High-level modulation B. Low-level modulation
C. Collector modulation D. Minimum modulation

124. A modulator circuit performs what mathematical operation on its two

inputs?
A. Addition B. Multiplication C. Division D. Square root

125. The ratio of the peak modulating signal voltage to the peak carrier
voltage is referred to as
A. The voltage ratio B. Decibels
C. The modulation index D. The mix factor

126. Calculate the power advantage gained by suppressing the carrier at

100% modulation.
A. 7.78 dB B. 6 dB C. 4.78 dB D. 3 dB

127. Calculate the S/N improvement by suppressing the carrier and one of
the sideband at 100%.
A. 7.78 dB B. 6 dB C. 4.78 dB D. 3 dB

128. An SSB transmitter has an average power ranging from 750-1000 W. What
is the PEP?
A. 3 KV B. 5 kW C. 6 KW D. 9 kW

129. Calculate the average power of an SSB signal with 2-tone modulation
if the peak voltage is 25 V, and assume that the load is 50 ohm,
resistive.
A. 1.32 to 2.8 W B. 1.66 to 2.58 W
C. 1.56 to 2.08 W D. 1.12 to 2.08 W

130. At 80% modulation J3E, what is the percentage power saving?

A. 16.67% B. 66.67% C. 75.75% D. 87.87%