1897 1899 1935
CONSTITUTION OF BIA-NA-BATO MALOLOS CONNSTITUTION COMMONWEALTH
CONSTITUTION
Provisionary Constitution during September 17, 1898 –A The Philippines is under the USA
the revolution commission was to draft a new under military government until civil
November 1, 1897-promulgated by constitution was selected by the government will be put
the Philippine Revolutionary Malolos Congress Acts of US that have qualities of
Government November 29, 1898-document/draft constitutionality
borrowed from Cuba was approved by congress -Philippine Organic Act of
written by Isabelo Artacho January 21, 1899-Aguinaldo 1902(introduced popularly elected
and Felix Ferrrer in Spanish and promulgated the constitution Assembly)
later translated to Tagalog Title-Political Constitution of 1899 -legislative is bicameral(upper
Supreme Council written in Spanish house –Philippine Commission;
-vested power of the Republic It is composed of 93 articles lower house-Philippine Assembly)
-headed by the President and 4 divided into 14 titles, with -Bill of Rights of Filipinos and 2
department secretaries(interior, further 8 articles with transitory non-voting Filipino Resident
foreign affairs, treasury and war) provisions, and a final additional Commissioner as representative to
Supreme Council of Grace and article. US
Justice patterned after the Spanish
-administration of justice Constitution of 1812 charters of -Philippine Autonomy Act of 1916
Assembly of Representatives Belgium, Mexico, Brazil, -Known as Jones Law
-to convened after the Nicaragua, Costa Rica and Philippine Commission replaced by
revolution to create new Guatemala, French Constitution Senate as the upper house(elected
constitution and to elect of 1793, were also studied as by the people)
these countries shared similar declared that US ended their
never fully implemented because social, political, ethnological and sovereignty over the Philippines
of a truce , the Pact of Biak-na- governance conditions with the
Bato signed by the Spanish and the Philippine Islands. Hare-Hawes-Cutting Act in 1932-
Philippine Revolutionary Army a direct challenge to the colonial promise of granting Filipinos
authorities independence but opposed by
27 articles of title 4 –natural rights Senate President Manuel L. Quezon
and popular sovereignty and rejected by Congress
article 5, title 3-state recognizes Tydings-McDuffie Act in 1934-also
freedom and equality of all known as Philippine Independent
beliefs, separation of Church and Act –it provide authority and
State defined mechanism for the
title II, Article 4 the Government of establishment of a formal
the Republic is to be popular, constitution by a constitutional
representative, alternative and convention
responsible, and shall exercise July 30, 1934 first meeting of the
three distinct powers: namely, convention, with Claro M. Recto as
the legislative, the executive, and president
the judicial.
the constitution created the
legislative-Assembly of
Commonwealth of the Philippines
Representatives(unicameral ) for
to govern from 1935-1946
4 years
It has a unicameral National Assembly
-secretaries were given seats in
with a President and Vice-Pres
the assembly
elected with a 6 year term without
-assembly meet a period of 3
re-election
months
-Bills can be introduced by but amended in 1940 to a bicameral
president and the assembly Congress and limit term of office to
-can select officers, interpellation 4 years with one re-election(male
,and to impeach citizen,, 21 years above, able to read
-commission (7 members elected and write-two years after women
by assembly sit during interval can be elected
sessions February 8, 1935-draft Constitution
executive power vested in the was approved by the constitutional
president convention
-elected by constituent assembly March 25, 1935-US Pres. Franklin B.
of the Assembly of Roosevelt ratified the Constitution
Representatives September 1935- election was held and
- 4 years and no re-election Manuel L. Quezon was President
-no vice-president Commonwealth was interrupted by the
was never enforced due the war events of the World War II with
-Treaty of Paris-transfer of Japanese invasion
sovereignty of the Philippines Philippines was declared July 4,1946
from Spain to US on Dec.10, as an independent Republic
1898
1943 1973 1987
CONSTITUTIONAL CONSTITUTION AFTER MARTIAL
JAPANESE-SPONSORED
AUTHORITARIANISM LAW
The 1943 Constitution of the Republic 1965-Ferdinad E. Marcos was March 1986, Pres. Aquino
of the Philippines , composed of a elected President proclaimed transitional
preamble and twelve articles 1967-Philippine Congress Constitution called Freedom
a Republican state with a powerful Constitution
passed a resolution to change
executive branch and subordinate
1935 Constitution 1986 Constitutional Convention-48
legislative and judicial branches.
1969-Marcos was re-elected members appointed by the pres
The executive power is vested in the
November 20, 1970-election of from different backgrounds
President, who is to be
elected by the members of the National delegates to the Constitutional February 2, 1987- the new
Assembly from among themselves. Convention constitution was officially adopted
The President is the head of government, and June 1, 1971-the convention 1987 Constitution- composed of a
commander-in—chief of the Armed Forces. The begun and Carlos P. Garcia as preamble and 18 articles
powers of convention president (he died) established that the Philippines is a
the President are: to veto any bill of the succeeded b Diosdado democratic republican State
Assembly, to promulgate regulations when the Macapagal Arroyo sovereignty resides in the people
assembly is not in session and in times of war or before convention finished and all government authority
national emergency, to declare martial law, to Martial Law was declared with emanates from them
suspend the privilege of the writ of habeas
communist insurgency as a three branches of government;
corpus, and to appoint the members of the
reason Executive, Legislative, Judiciary
Council of State and officials of the local
government.
President Marcos officially Executive branch-headed by the
A limited legislative power is exercised by the declared martial law on pres and his cabinet
unicameral National Assembly whose members, September 21, 1972 President is the head of state and
like the President, are not directly elected by the delegates of the convention head executive
people. Rather, the Assembly, is to be placed behind bars Check and balance with other
composed of, representatives from each Marcos dictated some provisions branches of govt.
province elected in Kalibapi conventions of the constitution- pres can still declare martial law for
throughout the country with appointed (manipulating for him to be able not more than 60 days(congress can
governors and mayors as ex—officio members. to hold on to power for as long revoke or extend Martial law- -
The judicial power is exercised by the Supreme as he could Supreme Court can review
Court whose justices, together with judges of
November 29, 1972-the declaration of Martial law if there
lower courts, are to be appointed by the
convention approved the were justifying facts
President.
Constitution pres and vice-pres will be elected at
constitution Parliamentary-style large and serve for six years
government legislative resides in Congress-the
legislative power in a senate and house of representatives
Unicameral National Assembly, 24 senators 2 consecutive 6-year
members 6-year term with term
unlimited re-election the House is composed of
president will be chosen from representatives from the districts ad
the Assembly , will be a will serve 3-year terms
symbolic and ceremonial head, 234 legislative districts in the
serve 6-year term with unlimited Philippines
re-election Party-list system was created to
Prime Minister-head of represent the underrepresented
government and Commander-in- community groups and sectors. fill
Chief of the Armed forces also up 20% of the seats house
elected from the National war can be declare by Congress
Assembly after 2/3 vote in both upper and
Nov 30, 1973-proposed date of lower house
ratification of the Constitution President can veto a bill
under PD No. 73 but was The judiciary is composed a
postponed Supreme Court and lower courts
Jan 10-15, 1973-a citizen Supreme Court is a 15-member
assembly were held for the court appointed by the pres without
ratification of the the need confirmation of Congress
Constitution(done by hand) 3 independent Constitutional
Jan. 17, 1973-proclamation that Commission: COA, COMELEC,
the Constitution was ratified CSC
constitution was amended Office of the Ombudsman was
several times create to investigate complaints
1976-Citizen assembly to allow against public officials
the continuation of Martial Law
President to also became Prime Public officials will b charge before
Minister (continue exercise the Sandiganbayan (special court)
legislative powers until Martial Impeachment can be initiated by
was lifted and authorized Pres. the House of Representative
to legislate on his own basis) impeachable officers: President,
1980- amended retirement age Vice-President, members of the
of members of judiciary to 70 Supreme Court, Commissioners,
1981- modified to a French- member of the Supreme Court,
style, semi-presidential system Ombudsman
-executive power restore to the
Pres directly elected
-Executive committee was
created (prime minister with 1
others, as Pres Cabinet)
1984-Executive Committee
was abolished and vice-pres
position restored
August 21, 1983-Aquino was
assassinated; caused the
coming of non-violent
opposition
Marcos forced to hold snap
election ad declared himself as
the winner
there was a coup and triggered
EDSA People Power
Revolution in 1986
February 25, 1986 Corazon
Aquino became Pres.
