Designation: A 350/A 350M – 00a An American National Standard

Standard Specification for

Carbon and Low-Alloy Steel Forgings, Requiring Notch
Toughness Testing for Piping Components1
This standard is issued under the fixed designation A 350/A 350M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year
of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.
A superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.

This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.

1. Scope nation of Steel Forgings3

1.1 This specification2 covers several grades of carbon and A 370 Test Methods and Definitions for Mechanical Testing
low-alloy steel forged or ring-rolled flanges, forged fittings and of Steel Products4
valves intended primarily for low-temperature service and A 751 Test Methods, Practices, and Terminology for
requiring notch toughness testing. They are made to specified Chemical Analysis of Steel Products4
dimensions, or to dimensional standards, such as the ASME A 788 Specification for Steel Forgings, General Require-
and API Specifications referenced in Section 2. Although this ments3
specification covers some piping components machined from E 165 Test Method for Liquid Penetrant Examination5
rolled bar and seamless tubular materials (see 4.3.3), it does not E 381 Method of Macroetch Testing Steel Bars, Billets,
cover raw material produced in these product forms. Blooms, and Forgings6
1.2 No limitation on size is intended beyond the ability of 2.2 MSS Standard:
the manufacturer to obtain the specified requirements. How- MSS-SP 25 Standard Marking System for Valves, Fittings,
ever, Class 3 of Grade LF787 is only available in the Flanges and Unions7
quenched-and-precipitation heat treated condition. 2.3 ASME Standards:
1.3 Supplementary requirements are provided for use when Section IX, Welding Qualifications, ASME Boiler and Pres-
additional testing or inspection is desired. These shall apply sure Vessel Code8
only when specified by the purchaser in the order. B 16.5 Steel Pipe Flanges and Flanged Fittings8
1.4 This specification is expressed in both inch-pound units B 16.9 Factory-Made Wrought Steel Butt-Welding Fit-
and in SI units. However, unless the order specifies the tings8
applicable “M” specification designation (SI units), the mate- B 16.10 Face-to-Face and End-to-End Dimensions of Fer-
rial shall be furnished to inch-pound units. rous Valves8
1.5 The values stated in either inch-pound units or SI units B 16.11 Forged Steel Fittings, Socket-Welding and
are to be regarded separately as standard. Within the text, the Threaded8
SI units are shown in brackets. The values stated in each B 16.30 Unfired Pressure Vessel Flange Dimensions8
system are not exact equivalents; therefore, each system must B 16.34 Valves-Flanged, Threaded, and Welding End8
be used independently of the other. Combining values from the B 16.47 Large Diameter Steel Flanges8
two systems may result in nonconformance with the specifi- 2.4 AWS Standards:
cation. A 5.1 Mild Steel Covered Arc-Welding Electrodes9
A 5.5 Low-Alloy Steel Covered Arc-Welding Electrodes9
NOTE 1—Refer to Test Methods and Definitions A 370 for notes on 2.5 API Standards:10
significance of notched-bar impact testing.
600 Steel Gate Valves with Flanged or Butt-Welding Ends
2. Referenced Documents
2.1 ASTM Standards:
A 275/A 275M Test Method for Magnetic Particle Exami- 3
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 01.05.
4
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 01.03.
5
1
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee A01 on Steel, Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 03.03.
6
Stainless Steel, and Related Alloys and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 03.01.
7
A01.22 on Steel Forgings and Wrought Fittings for Piping Applications and Bolting Available from the Manufacturer’s Standardization Society of the Valve and
Materials for Piping and Special Purpose Applications. Fittings Industry, 1815 N. Fort Myer Drive, Arlington, VA 22209.
8
Current edition approved June 10, 2000. Published August 2000. Originally Available from ASME International, Three Park Avenue, New York, NY
published as A 350 – 52 T. Last previous edition A 350/A 350M – 00. 10016–5990.
9
2
For ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code applications see related Specifi- Available from American Welding Society, 550 LeJeune Rd., P.O. Box 351040,
cation SA-350 in Section II of that Code. Miami, FL 33135.
10
Available from American Petroleum Institute, 1220 L Street N.W., Washing-
ton, DC 20005.

Copyright © ASTM, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.

1
 A 350/A 350M
602 Compact Design Carbon Steel Gate Valves for Refinery Elbows, return bends, tees, and header tees shall not be
Use machined directly from bar stock.
605 Large Diameter Carbon Steel Flanges 4.4 Heat Treatment:
4.4.1 After hot working and before reheating for heat
3. Ordering Information treatment, the forging shall be allowed to cool substantially
3.1 It is the purchaser’s responsibility to specify in the below the transformation range.
purchase order all ordering information necessary to purchase 4.4.2 Forgings of grades other than Grade LF787 shall be
the needed material. Examples of such information include but furnished in the normalized, or in the normalized and tem-
are not limited to the following: pered, or in the quenched and tempered condition described by
3.1.1 Quantity, the following procedures:
3.1.2 Size and pressure class or dimensions (Tolerances and [Link] Normalize—Heat to a temperature that produces an
surface finishes should be included), austenitic structure, holding sufficient time to attain uniform
3.1.3 Specification number, grade, and class if applicable temperature throughout. Cool uniformly in still air.
(The year date should be included), [Link] Normalize and Temper—Subsequent to normalize,
3.1.4 Supplementary requirements, and reheat to 1100°F [590°C] minimum, holding at temperature a
3.1.5 Additional requirements (See Table 1 footnotes, minimum of 30 min/in. [30 min/25 mm] of maximum thick-
[Link], 8.1, 13.1, 13.2, and 14.2). ness, but in no case less than 30 min. Cool in still air.
[Link] Quench and Temper—The procedure for quenching
4. Manufacture shall consist of either (1) fully austenitizing the forgings
4.1 Melting Process—The steel shall be produced by any of followed by quenching in a suitable liquid medium or (2) using
the following primary processes: open-hearth, basic oxygen, a multiple stage procedure whereby the forging is first fully
electric-furnace, or vacuum-induction melting (VIM). The austenitized and rapidly cooled, then reheated to partially
primary melting may incorporate separate degassing or refin- reaustenitize, followed by quenching in a suitable liquid
ing, and may be followed by secondary melting using electro- medium. All quenched forgings shall be tempered by reheating
slag remelting (ESR), or vacuum-arc remelting (VAR). to a temperature between 1100°F [590°C] and the lower
4.1.1 The steel shall be fully killed, fine-grain practice. transformation temperature, holding at temperature a minimum
4.1.2 The molten steel may be vacuum treated prior to or of 30 min/in. [30 min/25 mm] of maximum thickness but in no
during pouring of the ingot. case less than 30 min. Cool in still air.
4.2 Discard—A sufficient discard shall be made to secure 4.4.3 Grade LF787 forgings shall be furnished in either the
freedom from injurious piping and undue segregation. normalized-and-precipitation heat treated condition or in the
4.3 Forging Process: quenched-and-precipitation heat treated condition. The heat
4.3.1 Material for forgings shall consist of ingots, or forged, treatment procedures shall be as follows:
rolled, or strandcast blooms, billets, slabs, or bars. [Link] Normalized-and-Precipitation Heat Treated—Heat
4.3.2 The finished product shall be a forging as defined in to a temperature in the range from 1600 to 1725°F [870 to
the Terminology section of Specification A 788. 940°C], hold at the temperature for a time sufficient to attain
4.3.3 Except for flanges of all types, hollow, cylindrically- uniform temperature throughout, soak at the temperature for
shaped parts may be machined from rolled bar or seamless not less than 1/2 h, and remove from the furnace and cool in air.
tubular materials provided that the axial length of the part is Subsequently, heat to a temperature in the range from 1000 to
approximately parallel to the metal flow lines of the stock. 1200°F [540 to 650°C], soak at the temperature for not less
Other parts, excluding flanges of all types, may be machined than 1/2 h, and cool at any convenient rate.
from hot-rolled or forged bar up through and including NPS4. [Link] Quenched-and-Precipitation Heat Treated—Heat to

TABLE 1 Chemical Requirements†

Element Composition, wt. %
Grade LF1 Grade LF2 Grade LF3 Grade LF5 Grade LF6 Grade LF9 Grade LF787
Carbon, max 0.30 0.30 0.20 0.30 0.22 0.20 0.07
Manganese 0.60–1.35 0.60–1.35 0.90 max 0.60–1.35 1.15–1.50 0.40–1.06 0.40–0.70
Phosphorus, 0.035 0.035 0.035 0.035 0.025 0.035 0.025
max
Sulfur, max 0.040 0.040 0.040 0.040 0.025 0.040 0.025
SiliconA 0.15–0.30 0.15–0.30 0.20–0.35 0.20–0.35 0.15–0.30 ... 0.40 max
Nickel 0.40 maxB 0.40 maxB 3.3–3.7 1.0–2.0 0.40 maxB 1.60–2.24 0.70–1.00
Chromium 0.30 maxB,C 0.30 maxB,C 0.30 maxC 0.30 maxC 0.30 maxB,C 0.30 maxC 0.60–0.90
Molybdenum 0.12 maxB,C 0.12 maxB,C 0.12 maxC 0.12 maxC 0.12 maxB,C 0.12 maxC 0.15–0.25
Copper 0.40 maxB 0.40 maxB 0.40 maxC 0.40 maxC 0.40 maxB 0.75–1.25 1.00–1.30
Columbium 0.02 max 0.02 max 0.02 max 0.02 max 0.02 max 0.02 max 0.02 min
Vanadium 0.05 max 0.05 max 0.03 max 0.03 max 0.04–0.11 0.03 max 0.03 max
Nitrogen ... ... ... ... 0.01–0.030 ... ...
A
When vacuum carbon-deoxidation is required by Supplementary Requirement S11, the silicon content shall be 0.12 % maximum.
B
The sum of copper, nickel, chromium, vanadium and molybdenum shall not exceed 1.00 % on heat analysis.
C
The sum of chromium and molybdenum shall not exceed 0.32 % on heat analysis.
†
Revisions to Table 1 approved April 10, 1996.

2
 A 350/A 350M
a temperature in the range from 1600 to 1725°F [879 to [Link] The test specimen shall be obtained from a rough or
940°C], hold at the temperature for a time sufficient to attain finished forging, or prolongation thereof. For forgings under
uniform temperature throughout, soak at the temperature for 10 000 lbs, at time of heat treatment, it may be obtained from
not less than 1/2 h and quench in a suitable liquid medium by separately forged test blanks from the same heat of steel as the
immersion; reheat to a temperature in the range from 1000 to production forgings. The test blank shall be reduced by forging
1225°F [540 to 665°C], hold at the temperature for not less in a manner similar to that for the products represented, and
than 1/2 h, and cool at any convenient rate. shall receive approximately the same hot working and reduc-
tion and the same heat treatment as the finished products
5. Chemical Composition represented. The test material shall be treated in the same
5.1 Heat Analysis: furnace at the same time as the forging it represents, subject to
5.1.1 An analysis of each heat of steel shall be made by the the requirements of [Link].
steel producer from samples taken preferably during the [Link] The test specimen shall represent all forgings from
pouring of the heat. The results shall conform to Table 1. the same heat and heat-treatment load whose maximum thick-
5.1.2 Steels to which lead has been added shall not be used. nesses do not exceed the thickness of the test forging or blank
5.1.3 Intentional additions of copper, nickel, chromium or by more than 1⁄4 in. [6 mm].
molybdenum to Grades LF1, LF2 and LF6 are not permitted. 6.1.2 Number of Tests—One tension test at room tempera-
Intentional additions of copper, chromium or molybdenum to ture shall be made in accordance with [Link] from each heat in
Grades LF3 or LF5 are not permitted. Intentional additions of each heat-treatment load.
chromium or molybdenum to Grade LF9 are not permitted. [Link] If heat treatment is performed in either a continuous
5.2 Product Analysis—An analysis may be made by the or a batch-type furnace controlled within 625°F [614°C] of
purchaser from a forging representing each heat of steel. the required heat-treatment temperature and equipped with
Samples for analysis shall be taken midway between center and recording pyrometers so that complete records of heat treat-
surface of solid forgings, midway between inner and outer ment are available and if the same heat-treating cycles are used
surfaces of hollow forgings, midway between center and on the forgings represented by the tension test, then one tension
surface of full-size prolongations, or from broken mechanical test from each heat shall be required, instead of one tension test
test specimens. The chemical composition thus determined from each heat in each heat treatment load in accordance with
shall conform to Table 1, with the tolerances as stated in Table [Link].
2. 6.1.3 Test Locations and Orientations—The test specimen
5.3 Methods of Analysis—Test Methods, Practices, and shall be removed from the heaviest section of the forging or
Terminology A 751 shall apply. test blank, at locations described in [Link], [Link], [Link] or
as close to these locations as practical, subject to forging size
6. Mechanical Properties and geometry.
6.1 Tension Tests: [Link] For forgings or test blanks having a maximum
6.1.1 Requirements—The material shall conform to require- heat-treated thickness, T, of 2 in. [50 mm] or less, the
ments for tensile properties in Table 3. longitudinal axis of the test specimen shall be taken at

TABLE 2 Product Analysis Tolerances

Element Permissible Variations Over Maximum Limit or Under Minimum Limit for Size Ranges Shown, %
Limit or Maximum of To 100 in.2 Over 100 to 200 Over 200 to 400 Over 400 to 800
Specified Range [645 cm2] in.2 in.2 in.2
inclA [645 to 1290 cm2] [1290 to 2580 cm2] [2580 to 5160 cm2]
inclA inclA inclA
Carbon to 0.30 incl 0.01 0.02 0.03 0.04
Manganese to 0.90 incl 0.03 0.04 0.05 0.06
over 0.90 to 1.35 incl 0.04 0.05 0.06 0.07
over 1.35 to 1.50 incl 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.10
Phosphorus over maximum only 0.005 0.010 0.010 0.010
Sulfur over maximum only 0.005 0.010 0.010 0.010
Silicon to 0.35 incl 0.02 0.02 0.03 0.04
Nickel up to and incl 1.00 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.03
over 1.00 to 2.00 incl 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05
over 2.00 to 5.20 incl 0.07 0.07 0.07 0.07
Copper up to and incl 0.75 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.03
over 0.75 to 1.30 incl 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05
Chromium to 0.90 incl 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.04
Molybdenum to 0.20 incl 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01
over 0.20 to 0.40 incl 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.03
Columbium to 0.10 incl 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01
Vanadium up to and incl 0.10 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01
0.11 to 0.25 incl 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02
Nitrogen up to and incl 0.02 0.005 0.005 0.005 0.005
over 0.02 to 0.19 incl 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01
A
The significant cross section of the forging shall be governed by the main body diameter.

3
 A 350/A 350M
TABLE 3 Tensile Properties at Room TemperatureA

Grades
LF1 and LF5 LF2 LF3 and LF5 LF6 LF9 LF787
Class 1 Classes Class 2
Class 1 Classes 2 Class 2 Class 3
1 and 2
and 3
Tensile strength, ksi [MPa] 60–85 70–95 70–95 66–91 75–100 63–88 65–85 75–95
[415–585] [485–655] [485–655] [455–630] [515–690] [435–605] [450–585] [515–655]
Yield strength, min, ksi [MPa]B,C 30 [205] 36 [250] 37.5 [260] 52 [360] 60 [415] 46 [315] 55 [380] 65 [450]
Elongation:
Standard round specimen, or 25 22 22 22 20 25 20 20
small proportional specimen,
min % in
4D gage length
Strip specimen for wall thickness 28 30 30 30 28 28 28 28
5 / 16 in. (7.94 mm) and
over and for all small sizes
tested in full section; min %
in 2 in. (50 mm)
Equation for calculating min 48t + 13 48t + 15 48t + 15 48t + 15 48t + 13 48t + 13 48t + 13 48t + 13
elongation for strip specimens
thinner than
5 / 16 in. (7.94 mm); min % in
2 in. (50 mm)
t 5 actual thickness in inches
Reduction of area, min, % 38 30 35 40 40 38 45 45
A
See 6.3 for hardness tests.
B
Determined by either the 0.2 % offset method or the 0.5 % extension under load method.
C
For round specimens only.

mid-thickness and its mid-length shall be at least 2 in. [50 mm] Sketches showing the exact test locations shall be approved by
from a second heat treated surface, exclusive of the T dimen- the purchaser when this method is used.
sion surfaces. (This is normally referred to as 1⁄2 T by 2 in. [50 6.1.4 Test Method—Testing shall be performed in accor-
mm]). dance with Test Methods and Definitions A 370. The test
[Link] For forgings or test blanks having a maximum specimen shall be as large as is practicable and shall be
heat-treated thickness, T, greater than 2 in. [50 mm], the central machined to the form and dimensions of Fig. 5 of Test Methods
axis of the test specimen shall be taken at least 1⁄4 T from the and Definitions A 370. When seamless tubular materials are
nearest heat-treated surface and at least T or 4 in. [100 mm], used, testing shall be performed on longitudinal specimens in
whichever is less, from any second heat-treated surface. For accordance with Annex A2, Steel Tubular Products, of Test
quenched and tempered forgings, the midlength of the test Methods and Definitions A 370.
specimen shall be at least T from any second heat-treated 6.2 Impact Test:
surface. 6.2.1 Requirements—The material shall conform to the
[Link] Metal Buffers—The required distances from heat requirements for impact properties in Table 4 when tested at
treated surfaces may be obtained with metal buffers instead of the applicable standard temperature in Table 5 within the limits
integral expansions. Buffer material may be carbon or low of [Link] and [Link]. When subsize specimens are used, the
alloy steel, and shall be joined to the forging with a partial impact energy values obtained shall conform to Table 6 at
penetration weld that seals the buffered surface. Specimens energy values proportional to standard size. Exceptions to this
shall be located at 1⁄2 in. [13 mm] minimum from the buffered requirement are permissible when supplement S4 is specified
surface of the forging. Buffers shall be removed and the welded
areas subjected to magnetic particle test to assure freedom from TABLE 4 Charpy V-Notch Energy Requirements for Standard
Size [10 by 10 mm] Specimens
cracks unless the welded areas are completely removed by
subsequent machining.
Grade Minimum Impact Minimum Impact
[Link] The test specimen shall have its longitudinal axis Energy Required Energy Permitted
located parallel to the direction of major working of the forging for Average of for One Specimen
or test blank. Each Set of Three only of a Set,
Specimens, ft·lbf[J]
[Link] With prior purchaser approval, tests may be taken at ft·lbf[J]
a depth (t) corresponding to the distance from the area of LF1 and LF9 13 [18] 10 [14]
significant loading to the nearest heat treated surface and at LF2, Class 1 15 [20] 12 [16]
least twice this distance (2t) from any second surface. How- LF3 15 [20] 12 [16]
LF5 Class 1 and 2 15 [20] 12 [16]
ever, the test depth shall not be nearer to one treated surface LF787 Classes 2 and 3 15 [20] 12 [16]
than 3⁄4 in. [19 mm] and to the second treated surface than 11⁄2 LF6, Class 1 15 [20] 12 [16]
in. [38 mm]. This method of test location would normally LF2, Class 2 20 [27] 15 [20]
LF3, Class 2 20 [27] 15 [20]
apply to contour-forged parts, or parts with thick cross- LF6, Classes 2 and 3 20 [27] 15 [20]
sectional areas where 1⁄4 T 3 T testing ([Link]) is not practical.

4
 A 350/A 350M
TABLE 5 Standard Impact Test Temperature for Standard Size TABLE 7 Charpy Impact Test Temperature Reduction Below
[10 by 10 mm] Specimens Table 5 Test Temperature when the Subsize Charpy Impact Width
along Notch is Less than 80% of the Forging Thickness
Grade Test Temperature, °F [°C]
LF1 −20 [−28.9] Size of Bar Thickness of the Temperature
LF2 Class 1 −50 [−45.6] Material Represented Reduction,
LF2 Class 2 −0 [−18] (see [Link]), or ° F [°C]
LF3 −150 [−101.1] Charpy, Impact
LF5, Classes 1 and 2 −75 [−59.4] Specimen Width Along
LF6, Classes 1 and 2 −60 [−50] the NotchA, in. [mm]
LF6, Class 3 0 [−18] Standard 0.394 [10] 0 [0]
LF9 −100 [−73.3] Standard 0.354 [9] 0 [0]
LF787, Class 2 −75 [−50] Standard 0.315 [8] 0 [0]
LF787 Class 3 −100 [−73] 3 / 4 -size 0.295 [7.5] 5 [3]
3 / 4 -size 0.276 [7] 8 [5]
2 / 3 -size 0.262 [6.67] 10 [6]
2 / 3 -size 0.236 [6] 15 [8]
TABLE 6 Minimum Equivalent Absorbed Energy ft·lbf (J) for 1 / 2 -size 0.197 [5] 20 [11]
Various Specimen SizesA 1 / 2 -size 0.158 [4] 30 [17]
1 / 3 -size 0.131 [3.33] 35 [20]
Standard 3 / 4 size 2 / 3 size 1 / 2 size 1 / 3 size 1 / 4 size 1 / 3 -size 0.118 [3] 40 [22]
Size [10 by [10 by [10 by [10 by [10 by [10 by 1 / 4 -size 0.099 [2.5] 50 [28]
10 mm] 7.5 mm] 6.6 mm] 5 mm] 3.3 mm] 2.5 mm] A
Straight-line interpolation for intermediate values is permitted.
15 [20] 12 [16] 10 [14] 8 [11] 5 [7] 4 [6]
13 [18] 10 [14] 9 [12] 7 [10] 5 [7] 4 [6]
12 [16] 10 [14] 9 [12] 7 [10] 4 [6] 3 [5] forged material with thicknesses less than 0.394 in. [10 mm],
10 [14] 8 [11] 7 [10] 5 [7] 3 [5] 3 [5] and where the largest obtainable specimen has a width along
A
Straight-line interpolation for intermediate values is permitted. the notch of at least 80 % of the forging thickness, the
specimen shall be tested at the temperature in Table 5. Where
by the purchaser. Impact tests may be made at temperatures the largest obtainable specimen has a width along the notch of
different from those in Table 5, provided that the test tempera- less than 80 % of the material thickness, the temperature for
ture is at least as low as the intended service temperature, and testing shall be lower than the temperature in Table 5 by an
that the forging is suitably marked to identify the reported test amount equal to the difference (referring to Table 7) between
temperature. the temperature reduction corresponding to the thickness of the
[Link] The test specimens shall be machined from material material represented, and the temperature reduction corre-
obtained as in 6.1. sponding to the specimen width actually tested.
6.2.2 Number of Tests—Three specimens shall constitute 6.3 Hardness Test:
one test set. There shall be the same number of test sets as 6.3.1 Except when only one forging is produced, a mini-
tension tests in 6.1.2. mum of two forgings shall be hardness tested per batch or
6.2.3 Test Locations and Orientations—The test specimen continuous run as defined in [Link] to ensure that hardness of
shall be located and oriented as described in 6.1.3. The area the forgings does not exceed 197 HB after heat treatment for
under the notch of the impact test specimen shall be used to mechanical properties. The hardness measurements shall be
locate the specimen with respect to the second heat-treated made in accordance with Test Methods and Definitions A 370.
surface. The base of the notch shall be perpendicular to the When only one forging is produced, it shall be hardness tested
nearest heat-treated surface. to ensure that it meets the 197 HB maximum of this specifi-
6.2.4 Test Method—The notched bar impact test shall be cation. The purchaser may verify that this requirement has been
made in accordance with the procedure for the Charpy V-notch met by testing at any location on the forging, provided that
type test as described in Test Methods and Definitions A 370. such testing does not render the forging useless.
[Link] Standard size specimens shown in Fig. 11 of Test
Methods and Definitions A 370 shall be used for the impact 7. Hydrostatic Test
test. Where the material is of insufficient thickness, or the 7.1 Forgings manufactured under this specification shall be
shape of the forging precludes standard size, the largest capable of passing a hydrostatic test compatible with the rating
obtainable subsize specimen described in Test Methods and of the finished forging. Such tests shall be conducted by the
Definitions A 370 shall be used. forging manufacturer only when Supplementary Requirement
[Link] Where subsize specimens are used and represent S9 is specified.
forged material with thicknesses equal to or greater than 0.394
in. [10 mm], and where the largest obtainable specimen has a 8. Workmanship, Finish, and Appearance
width along the notch of at least 8 mm, such specimen shall be 8.1 The forgings shall conform to the dimensions, toler-
tested at the temperature in Table 5. Where the largest ances, and finish as specified on the purchaser’s drawing or
obtainable specimen has a width along the notch less than 8 order. Unless otherwise specified in the purchase order, the
mm, the temperature for testing shall be lower than the fittings shall be cleaned to remove all scale and processing
temperature in Table 5 by the amount shown in Table 7 for the compounds prior to final surface examination. The cleaning
actual specimen width tested. process shall not injure the surface finish, material properties,
[Link] Where subsize specimens are used and represent or the metallurgical structure. The cleaned fittings shall be

5
 A 350/A 350M
protected to prevent recontamination. Protective coatings on affected zone. All impact test specimens shall have the longi-
socket weld and butt welding fittings shall be suitable for tudinal axis transverse to the weld and the base of the notch
subsequent welding without removal of the coating. When normal to the weld surface. Weld specimens shall have the
specified in the purchase order, parts may be furnished in the notch in weld metal and heat-affected zone specimens shall
as-formed or as-forged condition. have the notch in the heat-affected zone. The specimens shall
8.2 The forgings shall be free of injurious imperfections as be as large as permitted by the weldment thickness. Where
defined below and shall have a workmanlike finish. At the full-size specimens can be obtained and where there is suffi-
discretion of the inspector representing the purchaser, finished cient weldment thickness, the weld specimen shall be taken
forgings shall be subject to rejection if surface imperfections with one side of the specimen within 1⁄16 in. [1.6 mm] of the
acceptable under 8.2 are not scattered but appear over a large weld surface. Heat-affected zone impact test specimens shall
area in excess of what is considered a workmanlike finish. be taken at the same depth and locations applicable to the
8.3 Depth of Injurious Imperfections—Selected typical lin- forging in [Link] and [Link]. When forgings are thermally
ear surface imperfections shall be explored for depth. When the treated after repair welding, the weld procedure test plate shall
depth encroaches on the minimum wall thickness of the be subjected to the same thermal treatment. The mechanical
finished forging, such imperfections shall be considered inju- properties of the weld procedure qualification test shall con-
rious. form to Section 6.
8.4 Machining or Grinding Imperfections Not Classified as 10.3.2 Defects shall be completely removed by chipping or
Injurious—Surface imperfections not classified as injurious grinding to sound metal as verified by magnetic particle, or
shall be treated as follows: liquid penetrant inspection prior to welding.
8.4.1 Forgings showing seams, laps, tears, or slivers not 10.3.3 For Grade LF1 forgings, and LF2 forgings that are to
deeper than 5 % of the nominal wall thickness or 1⁄16 in. [1.6 be only stress-relieved after repair welding, the weld metal
mm], whichever is less, need not have these imperfections shall be deposited using carbon steel electrodes E 7015,
removed. If the imperfections require removal, they shall be E 7016, or E 7018, complying with AWS A 5.1. For Grade LF2
removed by machining or grinding. forgings in all other conditions of post-weld heat treatment, the
8.4.2 Mechanical marks or abrasions and pits shall be weld metal shall be deposited using low-alloy steel electrodes
acceptable without grinding or machining provided the depth E 7015-A1; E 7016-A1, or E 7018-A1 complying with AWS
does not exceed the limitations set forth in 8.2 and is not deeper 5.5; for Grade LF3 forgings the weld metal shall be deposited
than 1⁄16 in. [1.6 mm]. If such imperfections are deeper than 1⁄16 using low-alloy steel electrodes E 8016-C2 or E 8018-C2
in. [1.6 mm], but do not encroach on the minimum wall complying with AWS A 5.5; for Grades LF5, LF9, and LF787
thickness of the forging, they shall be removed by grinding to forgings, the weld metal shall be deposited using low-alloy
sound metal. steel electrodes E 8016-C1 or E 8018-C1 complying with AWS
8.4.3 When imperfections have been removed by grinding A 5.5. For Grade LF6, the electrodes shall be low-hydrogen,
or machining, the outside dimension at the point of grinding or E-XX15, E-XX16, or E-XX18 complying with AWS A 5.1 or
machining will be reduced by the amount removed. Should it A 5.5, as applicable.
be impracticable to secure a direct measurement of wall 10.3.4 After repair welding, the area welded shall be com-
thickness at the point of grinding, or at imperfections not pletely free of defects as verified by magnetic particle or liquid
required to be removed, the thickness shall be determined by penetrant inspection.
deducting the amount removed by grinding, from the nominal 10.3.5 Forgings repair welded in the normalized, normal-
finished wall thickness of the forging. The remainder shall not ized and tempered, or the quenched and tempered conditions
be less than the minimum specified or required wall thickness. shall be stress-relieved after repair welding at 1100°F [590°C]
9. Retests minimum, but not higher than the temperature previously used
for tempering the base metal of the same forging, or shall be
9.1 If any test specimen shows flaws or defective machin- reheat treated in accordance with 4.4.
ing, it may be discarded and another specimen substituted.
10.3.6 When the purchaser specifies Supplementary Re-
10. Rework and Retreatment quirement S5, the same requirements shall apply to the weld
procedure qualification tests.
10.1 If the results of the mechanical tests do not conform to
the requirements specified, the manufacturer may reheat treat 10.3.7 Repair by welding shall not exceed 10 % of the
the forgings represented, and shall retest to the applicable surface area of the forging or 331⁄3 % of the wall thickness of
requirements. the finished forging, or 3⁄8 in. [9.5 mm], whichever is less,
10.2 Individually tested forgings meeting all requirements without prior approval of the purchaser.
shall be acceptable. 10.3.8 When approval of the purchaser is obtained, the
10.3 Repair by Welding—Weld repairs shall be permitted limitations set forth in 10.3.7 may be exceeded, but all other
(see Supplementary Requirements S10) at the discretion of the requirements of 10.3 shall apply.
manufacturer with the following limitations and requirements:
10.3.1 Repair by welding shall be made using welding 11. Inspection
procedures and welders qualified in accordance with ASME 11.1 The manufacturer shall afford the purchaser’s inspector
Section IX of the Code.2 The weld procedure qualification test all reasonable facilities necessary to satisfy him that the
shall also include impact tests of the weld metal and heat- material is being furnished in accordance with the purchase

6
 A 350/A 350M
order. Inspection by the purchaser shall not interfere unneces- on the forgings need not include specification year of issue and
sarily with the manufacturer’s operations. All tests and inspec- revision letter. The Standard Marking System of Valves,
tions shall be made at the place of manufacture, unless Fittings, Flanges, and Unions (SP25) of the Manufacturer’s
otherwise agreed, except for product analysis (see 5.2). Standardization Society of the Valve and Fittings Industry may
be followed except the word “steel” shall not be substituted for
12. Rejection and Rehearing the ASTM designation.
12.1 Each forging that develops injurious defects during
NOTE 2—For purposes of identification marking, the manufacturer is
shop working or application shall be rejected and the manu- considered the organization that certifies the piping component was
facturer notified. manufactured, sampled, and tested in accordance with this specification
12.2 Samples representing material rejected by the pur- and the results have been determined to meet the requirements of this
chaser shall be preserved until disposition of the claim has been specification.
agreed to between the manufacturer and the purchaser. 14.1.1 If the forgings have been quenched and tempered or
quenched-and-precipitation heat treated the letters QT shall be
13. Certification
stamped on the forgings following the ASTM designation.
13.1 For forgings made to specified dimensions when 14.1.2 Forgings repaired by welding shall be marked with
agreed to by the purchaser, and for forgings made to dimen- the letter W following the ASTM designation.
sional standards, application of identification marks as required 14.2 If identification stamps are objectionable and detrimen-
in Section 14 shall be the certification that the forgings have tal to the forging, and when so stated on the purchase order, the
been furnished in accordance with the requirements of this marks may be painted or stenciled on the forging, or stamped
specification. on a metal or plastic tag which shall be securely attached to the
13.2 When test reports are required, they shall include forging.
certification that all requirements of this specification have 14.3 When test reports are required, additional marks shall
been met, and shall be traceable to the forging represented. The be used as necessary to identify the part with the test report.
specification designation included on test reports shall include 14.4 If the test temperature is other than the standard
year of issue and revision letter, if any. The manufacturer shall temperature specified in Table 5, the mark shall also include the
provide the following where applicable: suffix letter S to the grade and class and the test temperature. A
13.2.1 Type heat treatment, Section 4, prefix 0 to the test temperature shall indicate a less than 0°F
13.2.2 Chemical analysis results, Section 5 (Table 1), [−17.8°C] value. For example, LF2S 0175 denotes a test
13.2.3 Product analysis results, 5.2 (Table 1 and Table 2), temperature of −175°F [−115°C] for an LF2 part.
13.2.4 Tensile property results, Section 6 (Table 3) report 14.5 Parts meeting all requirements for more than one class
the yield strength and ultimate strength, in ksi [MPa], elonga- may be marked with more than one class such as LF2 CL1/Cl2;
tion and reduction in area, in percent, LF5 CL1/CL2, and so forth.
13.2.5 Impact test results, 6.2 (Table 4, Table 5, Table 6, and 14.6 Bar Coding—In addition to the requirements in 14.1,
Table 7), 14.2, 14.3, 14.4, and 14.5, bar coding is acceptable as a
13.2.6 Hardness results, 6.3.1, supplemental identification method. The purchaser may
13.2.7 Any supplementary testing required by the purchase specify in the order a specific bar coding system to be used.
order, and The bar coding system, if applied at the discretion of the
13.2.8 If repaired by welding, 14.1.2, letter W is to follow supplier, should be consistent with one of the published
the ASTM designation. industry standards for bar coding. If used on small parts, the
14. Product Marking bar code may be applied to the box or a substantially applied
tag.
14.1 Identification marks consisting of the ASTM specifi-
cation number grade and class, manufacturer’s name (Note 2) 15. Keywords
or symbol, the heat number or manufacturer’s heat identifica- 15.1 carbon equivalent; pipe fittings; steel; piping applica-
tion, size, and service rating, if applicable, shall be perma- tions; pressure containing parts; steel flanges; steel forgings;
nently placed on each forging in a position that will not affect alloy; steel forgings; carbon; steel valves; temperature service
the usefulness of the forging. The specification number marked applications; low

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 A 350/A 350M
SUPPLEMENTARY REQUIREMENTS

The following supplementary requirements shall apply only when specified by the purchaser in the
inquiry, contract, or order:

S1. Macroetch Test S4.4 The test results shall comply with Table 4 for standard
S1.1 A sample forging shall be sectioned and etched to size specimens, and with Table 6 for subsize specimens.
show flow lines and internal soundness. The tests shall be
S5. Stress-Relieved Test Specimens
conducted according to Method E 381.
S1.2 Acceptance limits shall be as agreed upon between the S5.1 The test specimens shall be stress relieved. Stress
manufacturer and the purchaser. relieving shall be done after heat treatment in 4.4 and before
machining the specimens from the heat-treated test material.
S2. Product Analysis S5.2 The purchaser shall furnish the forging manufacturer
S2.1 A product analysis shall be made from each heat with details of the stress-relief treatment desired.
offered for delivery. The analysis shall conform to the require-
ments specified in Table 1 with tolerances in Table 2. S6. Lateral Expansion
S2.2 If the results of any test fail to comply, two additional S6.1 Lateral expansion of the Charpy V-notch test in accor-
forgings or representative test pieces from the same heat shall dance with Section 25 of Test Methods and Definitions A 370
be retested and the results shall comply with the tables listed. shall be measured and reported.
If the results of either one of these pieces fail to comply, each
forging shall be checked or the heat rejected. All results shall S7. Magnetic Particle Examination
be reported to the purchaser and all forgings which do not S7.1 All surfaces of the finished forging shall be examined
comply shall be rejected. by a magnetic particle method. This method shall be in
accordance with Test Method A 275/A 275M.
S3. Additional Mechanical Tests
S7.2 Acceptance limits shall be as agreed upon between the
S3.1 In addition to the requirements of Section 6, the heat manufacturer and purchaser.
identification shall be marked on each forging, and one tension
specimen and one test set of three impact specimens shall be S8. Liquid Penetrant Examination
obtained from a representative forging or test blank, the S8.1 All surfaces shall be examined by a liquid-penetrant
procedure for taking the test material to be agreed upon method in accordance with Practice E 165.
between the manufacturer and purchaser. S8.2 Acceptance limits shall be as agreed upon between the
S3.2 The results of the test shall comply with 6.1.1 and manufacturer and purchaser.
6.2.1, and shall be reported to the purchaser.
S9. Hydrostatic Testing
S4. Other Impact Test Temperatures
S9.1 A hydrostatic test at a pressure agreed upon between
S4.1 Impact test temperatures lower or higher than the
the manufacturer and purchaser shall be applied by the
standard temperature in Table 5 of this specification shall be
manufacturer.
used.
S4.1.1 When higher test temperatures are employed, the S10. Repair Welding
actual test temperature may not be higher than that given in S10.1 No repair welding shall be permitted without prior
Table 8. approval of the purchaser.
S4.2 The test temperature shall be specified by the pur-
chaser. When subsize specimens are used, the manufacturer S11. Vacuum Carbon-Deoxidized Steels
shall adjust the test temperature in accordance with the size S11.1 Material made to Grades LF1, LF2, LF3, LF5, and
restrictions of [Link] and [Link]. LF9 shall be vacuum carbon-deoxidized, in which case the
S4.3 The forging shall be marked with the specified test silicon content shall be 0.12 % maximum. The test report shall
temperature in accordance with 14.4. A lower temperature shall indicate that the steel was vacuum carbon-deoxidized.
not be marked on the forging because of the use of subsize
specimens. S12. Special Impact Test Requirements for Flanges (Note
TABLE 8 Maximum Supplemental Test Temperatures S1.1)
S12.1 Charpy test specimens shall be cut from an actual
Grade Maximum Test Temperature, °F (°C) flange representing each size, heat, and heat-treatment lot. If
LF1 −10 [−23] more than one size flange is represented by the same heat and
LF2, Class 1 −35 [−37] heat-treatment lot, the maximum size flange shall be consid-
LF3 −125 [−87]
LF5, Classes 1 and 2 −60 [−51] ered representative.
LF6, Classes 1 and 2 −40 [−40] S12.2 The number, location, and orientation of the test
LF9 −80 [−62] specimens shall be stated on the order.
LF787, Class 2 −60 [−51]
LF787, Class 3 −80 [−62] S12.3 The test results shall comply with Table 4 for standard
size specimens, and with Table 6 for subsize specimens.

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 A 350/A 350M
NOTE S1.1—These special requirements should be considered for TABLE 9 Maximum Carbon Equivalent Value
services when the applied stresses approach the maximum permissible
limits of the governing code, or the installation is subject to severe cyclic Grade [Link] Less Max. Thickness
conditions (7000 or more cycles over the expected life of the installation), Than or Equal to 2 in. Greater Than 2 in.
or both. LF1 0.45 0.46
LF2 0.47 0.48
S13. Carbon Equivalent LF6 CL1 0.45 0.46
LF6 CL2 0.47 0.48
S13.1 The maximum carbon equivalent based on heat
analysis shall be as shown in Table 9:
S13.2 Determine the carbon equivalent (CE) as follows: S13.3 A lower maximum carbon equivalent may be agreed
CE 5 C + Mn/6 + (Cr + Mo + V)/5 + (Ni + Cu)/15 upon between the supplier and the purchaser.

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if not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standards
and should be addressed to ASTM Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of the responsible
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Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the above address or at
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