Ethical and Legal Parameters

A. Professional conduct/code of ethics

Professional behavior refers to the behavioral reflection of psychological processes such as

people's understanding, evaluation, emotion and attitude of professional labor, and is the basis

for achieving professional goals. In the sense of formation, it is determined by the

interrelationship between people and professional environment and professional

requirements.

I. Basic concepts of professional ethics

    Morality is a kind of social ideology, taking good and evil as the evaluation standard,

maintaining and adjusting the sum of people's behavior norms through public opinion,

traditional habits and inner convictions.

    The so-called professional ethics refers to the code of conduct that people should abide by in

the process of performing a legitimate job and performing their duties. Professional ethics is

the concrete manifestation of communism ethics and general social ethics in professional life.

    Nursing professional ethics is based on the general social ethics, according to the nature and

tasks of nursing professions, and the social duties and responsibilities of nursing positions for

human health. Nursing professional ethics standards and nurses' behavior norms are proposed.

It is used by nurses to guide their words and deeds, adjust the relationship between nurses and

patients, nurses and collectives, and nurses and society; judge themselves and others in the

practice of medical treatment, nursing, preventive health care, nursing management, nursing

research, and other practices. Standards of honor, shame, and humiliation.

Second, the basic content of nursing ethics

    1. Correct understanding of the value of nursing profession This is the recognition of moral

theory, the basis of forming moral concepts, and the premise of understanding and mastering

moral norms.

    2. Professional ethics and emotions To protect life with pure and sincere feelings, handle

professional relationships, and evaluate the good and evil, right and wrong of professional

behavior.

    3. Professional moral will In the process of fulfilling moral obligations, consciously overcome

difficulties, have the willpower and ability to remove obstacles.

    4. Professional Ethical Belief Have a sincere faith and moral responsibility to fulfill the

"rescue and help the wounded, implement revolutionary humanitarianism" from the heart.

    5. Good professional behavior and habits

Third, the nurse's professional code of conduct

    1. Love my job, be loyal to my job, be extremely responsible for my work, and be extremely

enthusiastic about my patients.

    2. Satisfy the needs of patients' physiology, psychology, safety, harmony and beauty, and make

them in the best psychological state.

    3. Respect the rights of patients, wait for others, and be a loyal defender of patients' interests.

    4. Be prudent and confidential, and not disclose medical secrets and patient privacy.

    5. To be realistic and enterprising, to keep improving technology.

    6. Treat colleagues with sincerity, mutual respect and mutual cooperation, and work together.
    7. Be dignified, polite, obey rules, and help others.

    8. Honest and honest, do not accept gifts from patients, exaggerate, do not falsify.

    9. Take care of public property, be frugal and thrifty.

    10. Based on dedication, self-esteem and love, self-confidence and self-reliance.

B. Nurses rights

Registered nurses promote and restore health, prevent illness, and protect the people

entrusted to their care. They work to alleviate the suffering experienced by individuals,

families, groups, and communities. In so doing, nurses provide services that maintain respect

for human dignity and embrace the uniqueness of each patient and the nature of his or her

health problems, without restriction with regard to social or economic status. To maximize the

contributions nurses make to society, it is necessary to protect the dignity and autonomy of

nurses in the workplace. To that end, the following rights must be afforded:

1、 Nurses have the right to practice in a manner that fulfills their obligations to society and

to those who receive nursing care.

2、 Nurses have the right to practice in environments that allow them to act in accordance

with professional standards and legally authorized scopes of practice.

3、 Nurses have the right to a work environment that supports and facilitates ethical

practice, in accordance with the Code of Ethics for Nurses with Interpretive Statements.

4、 Nurses have the right to freely and openly advocate for themselves and their patients,

without fear of retribution.

5、 Nurses have the right to fair compensation for their work, consistent with their
 knowledge, experience and professional responsibilities.

6、 Nurses have the right to a work environment that is safe for themselves and for their

patients.

7、 Nurses have the right to negotiate the conditions of their employment, either as

individuals or collectively, in all practice settings.

Now, the Nurses' Bill of Rights is not a legal document. It is more of a guide that nurses and

health care institutions can use to address workplace expectations and concerns. The Nurses'

Bill of Rights is most effective when used in conjunction with the individual state's nurse

practice acts and nursing regulations defining the laws related to nursing practice. It's a tool

that can help set facility policy for universal topics such as needle stick injuries, workplace

violence, and mandatory overtime among many subjects, and it's also a vehicle for dialogue

between nursing staffs, management and administration that supports professional practice.

Most nurses will tell you they chose their profession because of a desire to "help others" or to

"make a difference" in other's lives, their community or the world. This is a social contract, a

commitment to serving society with professional rights and responsibilities. This is also a

career choice with public accountability. The Nurses' Bill of Rights, while not a contract, is a

mechanism for understanding and addressing the concerns of nurses in their practice

environments. Its seven premises are recognized by nurses across the country as necessary for

sound professional practice.

In CHIAN
1. Obtain wages and remuneration, enjoy welfare expenses, and participate in social insurance

in accordance with relevant state regulations;

2. Obtain health protection and medical care services suitable for the nursing work of the

military;

3. Obtain professional and technical positions and titles that are suitable for my professional

ability and learning level in accordance with relevant national regulations;

4. Participate in professional training, military academic research exchanges, participate in

industry associations and professional academic groups;

5, access to disease diagnosis and treatment, nursing-related information and other rights

related to previous nursing accusations;

6. Provide opinions and suggestions on the work of medical and health institutions and health

authorities.

Explain

1. The right to receive wages and remuneration, enjoy welfare benefits, and participate in

social insurance in accordance with relevant state regulations. Our rights have been

effectively guaranteed. There are three insurances. The salary of hired nurses is increasing

year by year. The salary of working age is increased by 20 yuan (140 peso) per year. Various

benefits and our night shift are also the highest, and they are dynamic. As is the case, night

shift fees may continue to increase.

2. The right to health protection and health care services appropriate to the care they perform.

Nurses have health hazards in providing treatment and nursing activities to patients.
 Therefore, they must take necessary protective measures and medical care services to

prevent health hazards or reduce the degree of hazards. In the process of invasive diagnosis

and treatment, nursing operations must be adequate. For light, we must strictly implement

the rules and regulations and aseptic technical operation procedures, and pay special

attention to prevent being punctured by sharp objects such as needles, contacting patients'

blood, body fluids and contaminated items. Gloves must be worn. Such as: vaccinating at a

job site that is susceptible to infectious diseases or at the high incidence of infectious

diseases.

3. The right to obtain professional and technical positions and titles corresponding to my

professional ability and academic level, the right to participate in professional training,

engage in academic research and communication, and participate in industry associations

and professional academic groups in accordance with relevant national regulations.

Participating in various professional trainings, receiving continuing education, continuously

developing, improving, and improving professional skills are not only the basic rights

enjoyed by nurses, but also the obligations that nurses must perform to ensure the level of

nursing work and the health and safety of patients. With the rapid development of medical

technology, the continuous updating of clinical medical nursing technology and the

continuous expansion of knowledge, we must constantly learn new knowledge and master

new technologies.

Therefore, the concept that nurses receive professional training is changing into a lifelong

education, that is, after school education, they must receive continuous nursing professional

training, master new knowledge, new business, and new technologies, ensure the quality of
 nursing work, and improve the level of nursing profession. Nurses participate in

professional training, constantly update their knowledge, adjust their knowledge structure,

and improve their business, quality, and professional skills. This is not only the continuous

development of medical science and nursing profession, but also to ensure the quality of

nursing work and the health and life safety of nursing clients Need. The leaders of our

hospital wisely carried out the activities of open book beneficial reading year, invited

experts from outside the hospital to give lectures, and held various trainings such as

lectures for head nurses in the hospital.

4. The right to obtain information about disease diagnosis and care, and other rights related to

the performance of nursing duties. To fulfill the nursing duties, nurses need to understand

the patient's diagnosis, treatment and other relevant information and materials. For the

diagnosis and treatment of patients, nurses, doctors, and other medical staff are a close

cooperation team, and they take the patient as the center to perform the duties of treating

patients and assisting patients in rehabilitation. On the one hand, the nurses must

conscientiously implement the treatment measures and closely observe the patient's

condition according to the doctor's diagnosis and treatment plan, on the other hand, they

must provide the patient with thoughtful living care and help the patient recover as soon as

possible. Therapeutic work and care work are equally important to patients. Therefore, the

nurse must fully understand the patient's diagnosis, clinical examination results, treatment

plan and other medical information, and based on this, formulate and implement a care

plan for the patient, and complete the clinical observation, treatment, medical care, health

of the patient Guidance, rehabilitation, etc.

they can do is to execute doctors' orders. In caring for patients, they are only the assistants

or subordinates of doctors, and they are not able to make decisions on caring for patients.

In recent years, many scholars have questioned this view. They believe that in medical care,

medical care and nursing are two majors that have both cooperation and division of labor.

Nursing should be based on diagnosis and treatment, but it does not mean that there is no

relative independence in nursing work. On the question of how to care for patients, the

nurses should make decisions and make organizational arrangements. Therefore, nursing

and medicine, nurses and doctors should be an equal division of labor and cooperation

between different disciplines, not a master-slave relationship.

In addition, the nurse must understand the patient's body, living habits, diet and other

related conditions in order to help patients better receive treatment during hospitalization.

During the patient's hospitalization, the nurse should know the information: the patient's

physical condition, pathological condition, psychological condition, cultural background and

living habits, etc., based on this information, comprehensively evaluate the patient and

formulate corresponding nursing countermeasures and implement nursing measures.

For other rights related to the performance of nursing duties, nurses performing nursing

duties should also enjoy related rights, such as: proposing and implementing a nursing plan

based on the patient's condition and physical and mental conditions to better promote

patient rehabilitation. Under certain circumstances, such as patients suffering from

infectious or mental illness, in order to ensure the patient's own safety and the safety of

other personnel, nurses have the right to implement restrictive measures such as isolation
 or restraint on patients; etc.

C. Professional boundaries

What are professional boundaries?

Professional boundaries are the legal, ethical and organizational frameworks that protect both

clients and employees, or workers, from physical and emotional harm, and help to maintain a

safe working environment.

Sometimes we encounter challenging situations in our therapeutic work which can make

maintaining these boundaries difficult. For example, if a client:

Offers you gifts

Invites you to a social function

Wants to extend your relationship beyond the service provided, e.g., be your friend

Divulges information which is not relevant to the therapeutic goals.

Situations such as these require workers to have a clear understanding of their role and ethical

principles, and the organization’s policies and code of conduct.

It is also important for workers to be clear and assertive with clients about the boundaries of

their role and what is appropriate behavior for the therapeutic process.

Year after year, nursing tops national polls of the most widely respected and trusted

professions. The results of these polls reflect the special relationship and bond between nurses

and those under their care. Patients car expect a nurse to act in their best interests and to

respect their dignity. This means that a nurse abstains from attaining personal gain at the
patient's expense and refrains from jeopardizing the therapeutic nurse-patient relationship. In

order to maintain that trust and practice in a manner consistent with professional standards,

nurses should be knowledgeable regarding professional boundaries and work to establish and

maintain those boundaries.

A therapeutic relationship is one that allows nurses to apply their professional knowledge,

skills, abilities and experiences towards meeting the health needs of the patient. This

relationship is dynamic, goal-oriented and patient- and family-centered because it is designed

to meet the needs of the patient and family. Regardless of the context or length of interaction,

the therapeutic nurse- patient relationship protects the patient's dignity, autonomy and privacy

and allows for the development of trust and respect.

Professional boundaries are the spaces between the nurse's power and the patient's

vulnerability. The power of the nurse comes from the nurse's professional position and access

to sensitive personal information. The difference in personal information the nurse knows

about the patient versus personal information the patient knows about the nurse creates an

imbalance in the nurse-patient relationship. Nurses should make every effort to respect the

power imbalance and ensure a patient-centered relationship.

Boundary crossings are brief excursions across professional lines of behavior that may be

inadvertent, thoughtless or even purposeful, while attempting to meet a special therapeutic

need of the patient. Boundary crossings can result in a return to established boundaries, but

should be evaluated by the nurse for potential adverse patient consequences and implications.

Repeated boundary crossings should be avoided.

those of the patient. Such violations are characterized by excessive persona disclosure by the

nurse, secrecy or even a reversal of roles Boundary violations can cause distress for the patient,

which may not be recognized or felt by the patient until harmful consequences occur.

A nurse's use of social media is another way that nurses can unintentionally blur the lines

between their professional and personal lives. Making a comment via social media, even if done

on a nurse's own time and in their own home, regarding, an incident or person in the scope of

their employment, may be a breach of patient confidentiality or privacy, as well as a boundary

violation.

Professional sexual misconduct is an extreme form of boundary violation and includes any

behavior that is seductive, sexually demeaning, harassing or reasonably interpreted as sexual

by the patient. Professional sexual misconduct is an extremely serious, and criminal, violation.

BOUNDARIES AND THE CONTINUUM OF PROFESSIONAL NURSING BEHAVIOR

1. The nurse's responsibility is to delineate and maintain boundaries.

2. The nurse should work within the therapeutic relationship.

3. The nurse should examine any boundary crossing, be aware of its potential implications and

avoid repeated crossings.

4. Variables such as the care setting, community influences, patient needs and the nature of

therapy affect the delineation of boundaries.

5. Actions that overstep established boundaries to meet the needs of the nurse are boundary

violations.
6. The nurse should avoid situations where he or she has a personal, professional or business

relationship with the patient.

7. Post-termination relationships are complex because the patient may need additional

services. It may be difficult to determine when the nurse-patient relationship is completely

terminated.

8. Be careful about personal relationships with patients who might continue to need nursing

services (such as those with mental health issues or oncology patients).