Academy of Natural Sciences

The types of 22 Navicula (Bacillariophyta) species described by Ruth Patrick

Author(s): Marina Potapova
Source: Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, Vol. 162 (MARCH
2013), pp. 1-23
Published by: Academy of Natural Sciences
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ISSN 0097-3157

Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 162: 1-23 March 2013

The types of 22 Navícula (Bacillariophyta) species described by Ruth Patrick

Marina Potapova

Diatom Herbarium , The Academy of Natural Sciences, 1900 Benjamin Franklin Parkway, PA 19103-1 195, USA.
E-mail: potapova@[Link]

ABSTRACT.- The goal of this study was to investigate type materials of 22 Navícula species described by Ruth Patrick
Type specimens of two species could not be found on the holotype slides. The holotypes of 20 other taxa were located and
Specimens of 11 taxa from type materials or from the type localities were investigated with electron microscopy and the det
their ultrastructure were described. On the basis of this examination, six Navícula species were transferred to other gen
following new combinations were made: Hippodonta dulcís Potapova nom. nov., H. gravistriata (Patrick) Potapova co
Fallacia latelolongitudinalis (Patrick) Potapova comb, nov., F. duomedia (Patrick) Potapova comb, nov., Sellaphora su
Potapova nom. nov., and S. secura (Patrick) Potapova comb. nov. Based on the available data, nine species described b
were found to be taxonomie synonyms of taxa described earlier by other authors. Future studies of more abundant po
of Patrick's species and type materials of the taxa assumed to be synonymous, may, however, reveal differences betwe
and prove some of Patrick's taxa to be separate species.

INTRODUCTION Bertalot (2007). Kociolek et al. (2009) studied the type

material of Navícula creuzburgensis var. multistriata
Patrick
In a paper published in the ANSP Proceedings, and concluded that this taxon is conspecific with
Ruth
Patrick described 28 new species and varietiesFrustulia
of thecreuzburgensis (Krasske) Hustedt.
diatom genus Navícula Bory (Patrick 1959). These new
The goal
species were originally illustrated only by drawings of of this study was to investigate type materials
of the remaining 22 species of Navícula described by
single type specimens, and therefore, their morphology
Patrick
has not been well known. This is especially true in the 1959 ANSP Proceedings using both LM and
for the
SEM. Such
small-sized species. Since 1959 the genus Navícula hasexamination is necessary for clarifying species
been considerably revised and many new generaidentities
were splitand updating their taxonomie status.
off. Often, a scanning electron microscopy (SEM) study is
necessary to determine taxonomie placement of species thatMATERIAL AND METHODS
may have to be transferred from Navícula to another genus.
Six species described by Patrick in 1959 have alreadyThe list of examined type materials is given in Table
been
re-evaluated. The holotype slide of Navícula 1aikenensis
. All holotype slides and some corresponding samples of
(originally spelled " aikenenses ") was studied the Navícula species were deposited at the ANSP Diatom
by Torgan
Herbarium
and Oliveira (2001). As a result of this examination N. by R. Patrick. A few samples containing type
materials
aikenensis was transferred to the genus Geissleria Lange-have never been accessioned, but were found at
Bertalot et Metzeltin under the name Geissleria aikenensis
ANSP in areas adjacent to the Herbarium. Additionally, the
(Patrick) Torgan & Oliveira, although it is slide
now ANSP
clear SV0 18300 (Savannah River, South Carolina/
that this diatom is conspecific with Geissleria Georgia, June 13, 2000) and the sample ANSP GU039000
punctifera
(Hustedt) Metzeltin et al., which has priority (Guadalupe
(Potapova River, Texas, October 8, 1996) were examined.
2010). Representatives of the genus Luticola Mann Permanent
and diatom slides were examined with a
Aneumastus Mann et Stickle have sufficiently Zeiss Axiolmager Al light microscope equipped with an
distinct
AxioScope
morphologies to be recognized on drawings or under MRm digital camera. Patrick marked locations
light
of holotype
microscope (LM). Therefore, Navícula mobiliensis var. specimens by diamond-scribed circles, but
minor Patrick and N. mutica var. stigma Patrickmost
haveslides
beenhad numerous circles. While working on the
"Diatom
transferred to Luticola without SEM examinations flora of the United States", Patrick and Reimer
of type
(1966) created an index-card file that contains "maps" of
materials (Johansen et al. 2004, Mayama and Kawashima
the slides that facilitate finding specimens illustrated in the
1998), and Navícula caroliniana Patrick was transferred
to Aneumastus (Lange-Bertalot 2001 ). The type book. They tried to illustrate most species described from
population
of N. schroeteri var. escambia Patrick has been North
studied America
by by drawings of type specimens. The cards
Van De Vij ver and Lange-Bertalot (2009). This are thus indispensable for locating holotype specimens and
species
wereLange-
has been elevated to species rank by Metzeltin and used in this study.

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 2 M. POTAPOVA

Acid-treated diatom materials were used for SEM name has to be used because its basionym Navícula
examination. Samples were dried on aluminum molestiformis
stubs, Hustedt (1949) has priority over N. biconica.
sputter-coated with Pt-Pd and observed with Zeiss Supra
I was able to find only four specimens of N. biconica on the
holotype slide. Because of a low abundance, no specimens
50 scanning electron microscope under 10 kv accelerating
voltage. of N. biconica could be found in the type material under
The data on geographical distribution of studied SEM. A specimen of this species was found under SEM in
species were obtained from the checklist of the freshwater another sample from Savannah River (Fig. 3).
recent diatoms of continental United States (Kociolek It has to be noted that the original description and
2005) and from the ANSP Diatom Herbarium database and illustration of Navícula biconica somewhat misrepresented
the index card "American Distribution" created by C.W. the true size of this diatom. The width of the valve of the

Reimer. Whenever possible, I checked identifications. holotype specimen was given as 5 /¿m, while in fact it is
only 3.8 ^m. The holotype specimen is a complete frustule
RESULTS in which two valves are slightly shifted in relation to each
other, so if not measured carefully, the width appears to be
Holotype specimens of two species, Navícula 4.3 fim. The width of other specimens from the holotype
orbiculata and N. simula were not located. No "map" cards slide was 3.6-4.5 pim. The original illustration also shows
for these species exist and no specimens that would fit the distinct striae throughout the whole valve, while in fact the
descriptions of N. orbiculata and N. simula were found in striae are barely visible towards the apices. For this reason,
circles made on the holotype slides. Holotype specimens many specimens of Navícula subminuscula , a species
of 20 other species were located and imaged. with valves up to 5 /¿m wide and striae visible even at the
apices, were identified in the past as Navícula biconica by
Navícula biconica Patrick (Figs. 1-3) North American workers.

Examination of the holotype specimen of Navícula Navícula dulcís Patrick (Figs. 4-10)
biconica (Fig. 1) showed that this diatom is conspecific
with a common cosmopolitan species currently known Navícula dulcís Patrick is a homonym of Navícula
as Cratícula molestiformis (Hustedt) May ama. The latterdulcís Krasske (1939) and therefore an illegitimate name.

Figs. 1-3. Navícula biconica. Figs. 1, 2. LM, slide ANSP GC44492A, scale bar = 10 pi m; Fig. 1. Holotype specimen. Fig. 3. SEM,
external valve view, sample ANSP GCM3522(1), scale bar = 2 //m.

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 Navícula species described by R. Patrick 3

Van Landingam (1975) established a new

teardrop-shaped name
distal Navíc
and pr
mendotia for this taxon. Examination
the of type
valve apex there is a mater
row o
thediatom
(Figs. 4-10) shows that this genus has
Hippodonta.
a deep valvocopu
a row of apical areolae, and no terminal raphe fissur
and thus belongs to the genus Hippodonta.
Similar The specif
species.- Hippodonta
epithet "dulcis" is available forto
blance the new other
a few combination
small H
therefore, a new name [Link]
dulcis is introduced
H. avittata here for
(Cholnoky) Lat
subtilissima
type of Navícula dulcis Patrick. Lange-Bertalot
dulcis , H. avittata has on avera
Hippodonta dulcis Potapova
apices,nom.
while nov.
the valves of H.
outline, and the apices are ro
Replaced synonym.- Navícula dulcis Patrick
can be confused 1959.
with Navícula
Proceedings of the AcademyHeurck of and Natural Sciences
other small-celle
Philadelphia 111, p. 102; pl. 7, fig. possess
however, 7. terminal raph
this genus.
Morphology.- Hippodonta dulcis has lanceolate
Distribution.-pi
valves with acute apices, 7.5-15.8 ANSPm
records of Hippodonta
long and dulcis
2.2- 3.5 pi
wide. The striae are uniseriate,
(as Navícula dulcis) are slightly radiate
only from the Sabine River, Texas. or alm
parallel, composed of two to from
Literature records five slit-shaped
Great Lakes, from Mississippi apica
oriented areolae (Figs. 7-10).
and Utah cannotThere
be confirmed asare 14-17
no photographs of this striae in
pim and approximatelyspecies25-30 areolae in 10 pim. Cent
were published.
area is transverse, rectangular. The raphe is filiform w

Figs. 4-10. Navícula dulcis. Figs. 4-6. LM, slide ANSPGC8035, scale bar = 10 pim; Fig. 4. Holotype specimen. Figs. 7-10. SEM, sample
ANSP SA12/8/53_2-L-A, scale bars = 2 pim. Figs 7, 8. External valve views; Fig. 9. External girdle view of a frustules; Fig. 10. Two
frustules, external view.

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 4 M. POTAPOVA

Figs. 11-17. Navícul

SEM, sample ANSP
girdle view.

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Navícula species described by R. Patrick 5

Figs. 1 8-25. (Page XX) Fallada species. Figs. 18-21, 25. Navícula
sp. Figs. 18-24. LM, slide ANSP GC44258A, scale bar = 10 //m
scale bar = 5//m.

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 6 M. POTAPOVA

Navícula gravistr
10// m (Figs. 15-17). Central area is transverse, rectangular.
The raphe is filiform and has tear-drop shaped distal and
The examined
proximal ends (Fig. 16). At the valve apex there is a spe
row
had an apical row
of areolae (Figs. 16, 17). The valvocopula is very deep o
terminal fissures,
(Fig. 17), which is characteristic for the genus Hippodonta b
Therefore, a
(Lange-Bertlaot et al. 1996). new c
established here.

Similar species .-Hippodonta gravistriata is some-

what similar to H. lueneburgensis (Grunow) Lange-
Hippodonta gravistriata (Patrick) Potapo va comb . nov.
Bertalot et al. In comparison to H. lueneburgensis the
Basionym.- Navícula gravistriata Patrick 1959. valves of H. gravistriata are more rhomboid in shape, are
Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of on average smaller and have higher striae density (1 1-13 in
Philadelphia 111, p. 103; pl. 7, fig. 8. 10 // m versus 9-11 in 10 fim). The high density of areolae
sets H. gravistriata apart from H. lueneburgensis and
Morphology.- Hippodonta gravistriata has rhombic-
many other species of Hippodonta.
lanceolate valves with attenuate apices, 1 1-21 pi m long and
4.0-6.7 pi m wide. The striae are uniseriate, slightly radiate Distribution.- Hippodonta gravistriata has been re-
in the center and almost parallel or slightly convergent ported
at (as Navícula gravistriata) from the Sabine River, Tex-
the ends, 1 1-13 in 10 pim. Areolae are slit-shaped, 42-50 as,
in and from the Patuxent and Potomac Rivers, Maryland.

Figs. 26-29. Fallada species, SEM, sample ANSP GCM3520(6B). Figs. 26, 27. Navícula latelongitudinalis . Fig. 26. External view of
the valve apex, scale bar = 1 pim. Fig. 27. Internal view of the valve fragment, scale bar = 1 pim. Figs. 28, 29. Fallada sp., scale bars =
1 pim. Fig. 28. External valve view. Fig 29. Internal valve view.

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 Navícula species described by R. Patrick 7

Navícula latelolongitudinalis
Philadelphia 1 1 1 , [Link]
98; pl. 8, fig. 14.
(Figs. 18-21,25-27)
Morphology.- Valves of Fallada latelolongitudinalis
Examination of the type material
are linear, with ofji Navícula
rounded ends, 4.6-5.6 m wide and 22-32
latelolongitudinalis revealed that
pim long. the
Striae are upper
strongly surface
radiate in the of the
central part of the
valve face is almost completely covered
valve and strongly convergent atby the
the ends, conopeum
approximately
(Fig. 25). The areolae and 45-50raphe
in 10 pim ([Link] this
27). The species
striae continue have a
to the valve
structure typical for Fallada mantle. The(Figs.
axial area 25-28). Therefore,
is very narrow and there is a small the
new combination is made here. elliptical central area (Fig. 27). The raphe is filiform. Its
proximal ends are very close together and slightly bent to
Fallada latelolongitudinalis (Patrick) comb. nov. the primary side of the valve (Fig. 25). The terminal raphe
fissures are hooked to the secondary side of the valve and
Basionym.- Navícula latelolongitudinalis Patrick extend to the mantle. The upper surface of the valve is
1959. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences covered
of by a conopeum that merges with a fold formed

Figs. 30-38. Navícula duomedia. Figs. 30-36. LM, slide ANSP GC44264A, scale bar = 10 pim. Fig. 32. Holotype specimen. Figs. 37,
38. SEM, sample ANSPGCM3521(6B). Fig. 37. Internal valve view, scale bar = 5 /¿m. Fig. 38. Internal view of a valve apex showing
conopeum (arrow), scale bar = 1 pim.

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 8 [Link]

at the isodiametric
valve areolae, and the presence of the conopeum
fac
(Fig. shows that this species belongs
26). At to the genus Fallacia.
th
the Therefore, a new combination
fold and is made here. th
The conopeum
fascicles (Fig.
Fallacia duomedia (Patrick) Potapova comb. nov. 2
of N. latelong
surely Basionym.- Navícula duomedia Patrick 1959.
mistook
are too dense to be visible under LM. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of
Philadelphia 111, p. 92, 93; pl. 7, fig. 13.
Similar species.- Fallada latelongitudinalis is simil-
ar to F. ecuadoriana Lange-Bertalot et Rumrich (Rumrich Morphology.- Valves of Fallada duomedia are
et al. 2000, pl. 69, figs. 1-5). The size and shape of the
linear-lanceolate, gibbous in the middle, with slightly
valve of two species is almost identical, except thatdrawn-out
F. rounded apices, 4.0-4.5 pirn wide, 12-20 pirn
ecuadoriana has slightly capitate apices (pl. 69, figs. long. The axial area is narrow, linear. The central area is
1-5 in Rumrich et al. 2000). The valve ultrastructure large,
is elliptic, apically elongated. The striae are slightly
also remarkably similar in the two species, but unlikeradiate
F. in the middle part of the valve, parallel at the ends,
latelongitudinalis , F. ecuadoriana does not have apical 24-26 in 10// m in the valve center and up to 30-32 in 10// m
openings between the conopeum and valve margin (pl. 69, at the ends. The areolae are isodiametric, approximately
figs. 5-7 in Rumrich et al. 2000). 40 in 10 pirn. The raphe is straight, filiform, with hooked
In the type material of Fallacia latelongitudinalis terminal fissures and closely situated proximal ends.
The broken part of the valve on Figs. 37 and 38 shows
there is another, very similar species (Figs. 22-24, 28, 29)
that differs only by smaller valves and slightly differentthe conopeum on the upper surface of the valve. The
shape of the conopeum, which for the most part does conopeum is penetrated by small pores.
not reach the valve face/mantle junction fold (Fig. 28). Similar species.- Fallada duomedia is very similar
There is also a subtle difference in valve shape between to the diatom known so far as Navícula egregia var.
this species that has valves slightly tumid in the center fennica Hustedt (Hustedt 1961, pl. 728, figs. 19-20 in
and F. latelongitudinalis that has linear valves. There Simonsen 1987). The outlines of two taxa are slightly
is no overlap in valve width between two species anddifferent,
it however. Without examination of more abundant
is obvious from the valve dimensions given by Patrick populations of both taxa, it is impossible to determine
(1959) that she did not consider specimens of Fallacia whether they are conspecific.
sp. to belong to Navícula latelongitudinalis. Under LM,
this other Fallada species looks very similar to Navícula Distribution.- Fallada duomedia has been reported
difficillimoides Hustedt, but further investigation(as ofNavícula duomedia) only from its type locality in the
Savannah River, South Carolina.
Hustedťs type material is necessary to determine whether
these two diatoms are conspecific.
Navícula subfasciata Patrick (Figs. 39-43)
Distribution.- In ANSP databases Fallada latelongi-
tudinalis was reported as Navícula latelongitudinalis from Navícula subfasciata is rare in the type material.
many samples for Savannah River, South Carolina/Geor-
Besides the holotype specimen (Fig. 39), only two other
gia and as Fallada cf. ecuadoriana from three riversspecimens
in were found on the holotype slide. Punctate
Georgia, Tennessee, and North Carolina. It was reported
striae and presence of apical silica bars showed that this
from Montana by Wujek and Wee (1984). diatom belongs to the genus Sellaphora, to which it is
transferred here. The name Navícula subfasciata Patrick
Navícula duomedia Patrick (Figs. 30-38) is a later homonym of N. subfasciata Pantocsek, and
therefore is illegitimate. The specific epithet is however,
Navícula duomedia is relatively rare in the type
available to be used in the genus Sellaphora.
material: only 12 specimens were found on the holotype
slide. This species was never found in any other sample Sellaphora subfasciata Potapova nom. nov.
from the Savannah River. Five SEM stubs made from the
type material were thoroughly scanned, and only one valve Replaced synonym.- Navícula subfasciata Patrick
of this species was located and imaged (Figs. 37, 38). The 1959. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of
characteristic thread-like raphe, striae composed of small Philadelphia 1 1 1 , p. 106; pl. 7, fig. 4.

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Navícula species described by R. Patrick 9

Figs. 39-43. Navícula subfasciata. Figs. 39-41. LM, slide ANS

43. SEM, sample ANSP GCM352 1(1), scale bars = 5 //m. Fig.

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 10 [Link]

Morphology.-
to separa
are lanceolate
and the w
14-18 similar
pi m longt
is Bertalot
elliptic or rec
bent, 26-28 The in 1
latte
10 pi striae around the
m atcentral area. the a
56-64 in 10 pim
expanded Distribution.- The ANSP records of Sellaphora
proxim
at the subfasciata
valve (as Navícula subfasciata) are from its type
api
LM images (Fig
locality in Savannah River, Georgia/South Carolina and
from the Tennessee River,
Similar Tennessee. There are a few
species
cally literature records of this species from Arizona (Button
identical t
only and Blinn 1980), Iowa (Dodd 1981), and Oklahoma
apparent d
density(Troeger 1878, of
1983), but these could the
not be confirmed
10 pi mas no photographs
in of specimens were
S. published. sub
At present I do n

Figs. 44-55. Navícula species described by Patrick, LM, scale bar = 10 pi m. Figs. 44-48. N. convergens , slide ANSPGC3954A. Fig. 47.
Holotype specimen. Fig. 49. [Link], holoty pe specimen, slide ANSP GC8030. Figs 50, 51. N. dystrophia, slide ANSP GC44254A.
Fig. 51 . Holotype specimen. Figs. 52, 53. N. secura , slide ANSP GC44254A. Fig. 52. Holotype specimen. Fig. 54. N. seminulum var.
hustedtii, holotype specimen, slide ANSP GC44254A. Fig. 55. N. paucivisitata, holotype specimen, slide ANSP GC44274A.

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 Navícula species described by R. Patrick 1 1

Navícula convergens Patrick

shape, 3.6 //m (Figs.
wide, 13.0//m44-48)
long, with 26 striae in 10 fim.
It may belong to Eolimna minima , but more accurate iden-
Morphology .- Valves oftification
Navícula convergens
is impossible. No other specimens offrom
this species
were found on
the type material are lanceolate the holotype
with slide. This sample
capitate ends,was domi-
3.0-
nated byStriae
3.4 pirn wide, 10-14 pirn long. Navícula recens
areand Tabularia fasiculata
radiate, 18 in and al-
10
most
//m in the valve center, and no other diatom
paraller orspecies were observed.
slightly covergent,
up to 25 in 10 pim at the apices. Under LM this species
Navícula dystrophica Patrick
appears identical to Chamaepinnularia (Figs. 50, 51)
submuscicola
(Krasske) Lange-Bertalot in Moseret al. (1998). Although
The holotype specimen of
the protologue of Navícula submuscicola Navícula dystrophica
Krasske (1939) is
states that the valve width
shownof this
in Fig. 51. Thisdiatom
diatom appearsis 2.5
to be //m,
conspecific
with of Navícula longicephala
specimens from the type population are in fact Hustedt.3
The holotype
pirn or
slightly wider (pl. 22, figs. specimen
1, 2 of N.
in dystrophica has less capitate valveet
Lange-Bertalot endsal.
1996). According to Moserthan ettypical
al. specimens
(1998) of this
N. longicephala,
diatom and thus, also
was
described several times, first as Navícula submuscicola resembles N. vilaplanii (Lange-Bertalot & Sabater) Lange-
Krasske (1939), then as N. bremensis Hustedt (1957), Bertalot & Sabater. The valve outline of the holotype
and then as N. pseudocurta Manguin (1962). The latterspecimen of N. dystrophica is linear however, as in N.
name was invalid because the Latin description was not longicephala rather than lanceolate as in N. vilaplanii. The
provided and no nomenclatural type was designated. Itpresence on the type slide of several long specimens of N.
was also illegitimate because it was already occupied dystrophica with clearly capitate apices (Fig. 50) confirms
by N. pseudocurta Cholnoky. This taxon was validatedthat this taxon is conspecific with N. longicephala rather
and renamed as N. exaspe rans by Kociolek and Reviers than with N. vilaplanii. The name Navícula longicephala
(1996). Another species extremely similar to N. has priority over the name N. dystrophica, which is not
convergens, N. wiktoriae Witkowski & Lange-Bertalot in current use. This species is rare in the type material,
in Witkowski (1994), was described from the Baltic [Link] was not found on the SEM stub made from it, but
N. submuscicola , N. bremensis and N. wiktoriae were allmorphology of the North American specimens of N.
transferred to the genus Chamaepinnularia. The name longicephala haa been documented under SEM (Potapova
Chamaepinnularia submuscicola has priority as based on 201 1 ). This species is quite common in the Eastern United
the earliest published basionym. States, and has been reported mostly as N. longicephala or
N. convergens is relatively rare in the type material N. bicephala Hustedt.
and no specimens were found on the SEM stub. I observed
valves of N. convergens in several other samples from Distribution.- The ANSP records of Navícula

the Savannah River, but could find no specimens underdystrophica are only from the Savannah River, South
SEM. Likewise, the type material of Chamaepinnularia Carolina/Georgia. The photograph of 'W. dystrophica "
submuscicola was never studied with SEM. The final from Long Branch Creek, South Carolina (Camburn e
conclusion of the conspecifity of these taxa can al. 1978)
only be shows a different species with a much wider
made when abundant populations of each are found (7.5 fim)
and valve. N. longicephala is relatively common
studied under SEM. throughout Eastern North America.

Distribution.- Navícula convergens has been reported Navícula secura Patrick (Figs. 52, 53)
under this name from its type locality, the Savannah River,
South Carolina/Georgia, from Cape Fear River, North Navícula secura is extremely rare in its type material.
Besides the holotype specimen (Fig. 52) only one othe
Carolina, and Green River, Kentucky. Considering the
numerous taxonomie synonyms of Chamaepinnularia valve of this species (Fig. 53) was found on the holotype
submuscicola , this species is cosmopolitan. slide or other examined samples from the Savannah River
Scanning of the SEM stub likewise yielded no results
Navícula sabiniana Patrick (Fig. 49) Examination of the holotype specimen leaves no doubt,
however, that this diatom belongs to the genus Sellaphora
The holotype specimen of Navícula sabiniana was because of punctate striae, bow-tie shaped central are
and absence of characters of other naviculoid genera
located with help of the "map card". Unfortunately, this
specimen is deformed and can hardly be used for estab- Therefore, a new combination is established here.
lishing identity of the species. It is elliptic-lanceolate in

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 12 [Link]

seminulum and Eolimna minima (Grunow

Sellaphora in Van Heurck)
secu
Lange-Bertalot, and therefore, the boundary between gen-
era Sellaphora Mereschkowsky and Eolimna Lange-
Basionym.- Na
ings Bertalot & Schiller
of the is not well [Link]
Following
111, p. Krammer
100;and Lange-Bertalot (1986), mostpl.
workers distin- 8
guish S. seminulum from E. minima on the basis of striae
Morphology.-
density, which according to Krammer and Lange-Bertalot
linear-lanceolat
(1986) is 18-22 in 10 fi m for S. seminulum and 25-30 in
18-20 fim long.
10 pim for E. minima. In reality there are many individ-
is bow-tie
uals with striae density in between these shap
values, but oth-
and slightly be
erwise fitting descriptions of both taxa. The striae density
considerably
of the holotype specimen of Navícula seminulum var. hus- di
description
tedtii is 24 in 10 fi m, so it represents one of(33-
these "inter-
silica mediate" diatoms. There are, however,
bars at several specimens
the
on the holotype slide that have the same characters, except
Similar
lower striae density. Itspecies
is likely that N. seminulum var. hus-
many species
tedtii belongs to the Eolimna minimal Sellaphora seminu- in
although
lum species complex, but its the
identity will probably remain po
most species of
unresolved as it is extremely rare in the type material.
this species apart
Navícula paucivisitata
rounded, not Patrick (Fig. 55) dra

Distribution.-
The holotype specimen of Navícula paucivisitata is a
(as Navícula secu
very small diatom with hardly visible structures (Fig. 55).
the A thorough search of the holotype slide
United State and examination
correspond
of the SEM stub of the type material failed to
to reveal other t
and Rushforth
specimens of that species. The valve size and shape and 1
the shape of the raphe branches suggest that this diatom
Navícula may in fact be a specimensemin
of Mayamaea agrestis (Hustedt)
Lange-Bertalot in which the striae are for some reason
Two circles
indistinguishable. This species has been reportedma from
seminulum var. hustedtii contained diatoms that fit the de- several localities in the United States and the image on
scription of this species. One specimen was 7 pim, and pl.l 1 , fig. 14 in Wujek and Rupp (1980) shows a specimen
another 11.5 pim long. The protologue indicates that thevery similar to the type. An examination of more abundant
type specimen is 13 pim long. I concluded, therefore, thatpopulations of this diatom is necessary to ascertain its
taxonomie status.
the longer specimen (Fig. 54) is the holotype. Patrick
(1959) wrote that the new variety differs from the nomi-
nate variety by not being "swollen around central nodule". Navícula disputons Patrick (Fig. 56)
However, the identity of Navícula seminulum Grunow
(synonym Sellaphora seminulum (Grunow) Mann) is not There is only one specimen of Navícula disputans
entirely known as its type material has not been investigat- on the holotype slide. I have not observed this species on
ed. Grunow (1860) described the valve of Navícula sem- other examined slides made from Savannah River materi-
inulum to be "dilatated" in the middle, and the striae den-
als. The holotype specimen is 14.4 fim wide, 52 fim long
sity to be around 17 in 10 //m. The accepted concept of [Link] narrow lanceolate axial area and transversely elliptic
seminulum in 1959 was that of Hustedt (1930), who illus- central area. The striae are radiate, punctate, and slightly
trated and described this species as only slightly tumid inbent, 12-14 in 10 // m in the valve center and up to 18 in
the valve center and having 18 to 20 striae in 10 pim. This10 pim at the apices. The raphe is straight, with teardrop-
concept is closer than Grunow's to the contemporary one shaped proximal ends. The distal raphe ends seem to be
of Krammer and Langer-Bertalot (1986, pl. 76, figs. 30- bent. The coarsely punctate striae indicate that this species
36), who illustrated N. seminulum without inflation in thedoes not belong to Navícula sensu stricto. The information
middle, but mentioned that the valve is slightly widened on the morphology of this species is, however, insufficient
in the center. Moreover, the boundary between Sellaphorato determine its generic placement.

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Navícula species described by R. Patrick 13

Figs. 56-61. Navícula species described by Patrick, LM, scale bar =

GC44496. Fig. 57. N. mournei, holotype specimen, slide Boyer677. F
60. Holotype specimen. Fig. 59. Slide ANSP SVO 18300.

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 14 [Link]

Distribution.- Th
correctly in the protologue: there are 12 striae in 10 pim in
cies the center part of the valve and approximately
outside its 14 in 10 pity
m
eratureat therecords
ends, while Patrick (1959) gave the range of 18-20 f
cannot in be
10 pim. I found 16 confirm
specimens of N. pseudoreinhardtii
on the holotype slide. The length of the specimens
Navícula mour
ranged from 23 to 30 pim, width from 5.9 to 6.7 pi m , and
striae density was 12-14 in 10 pi m in the valve center.
Navícula mournei was described from a slide in Navícula pseudoreinhardtii is morphologically similar
to a common species, N. cryptotenella. There is a subtle
Boyer's collection made from material collected in Ireland.
The holotype specimen is illustrated in Fig. [Link]
This between two species in the valve outline, with
longer specimens of N. pseudoreinhardtii having slightly
diatom is clearly conspecific with Navícula laterostrata
Hustedt (1925). Navícula laterostrata has punctate attenuate
striae apices (Figs. 62-65) and N. cryptotenella having
more rhombic valve shape (PI. 26, figs. 7-10 in Lange-
and therefore does not belong to Navícula sensu stricto.
Morphologically similar Navícula protracta Grunow Bertalot
was 2001). The striae density of N. cryptotenella
recently transferred to Parlibellus (Witkowsky et al. is on average higher (14-16 in 10 pim) than that in N.
2000),
pseudoreinhardtii. The most obvious difference between
but additional studies are necessary to determine generic
placement of N. laterostrata. the two species is in the density of areolae: 28-30 in 10
pim in N. pseudoreinhardtii versus 38 in 10 pi m in N.
Navícula contraria Patrick (Figs. 58-61) cryptotenella. The SEM image of N. pseudoreinhardtii
(Fig. 68) shows that raphe and sternum are very similar
Morphology.- The holotype specimen of Navícula to that of N. cryptotenella (PI. 26, fig. 3 in Lange-Bertalot
2001). The sternum is raised above the valve surface and
contraria is positioned on the slide so that it is impossible
to take an image showing clearly its characters (Fig. raphe
60). is slightly lateral. The proximal raphe ends are
Two other specimens of this species were found on almost
the straight in N. pseudoreinhardtii and only very
holotype slide (Figs. 58, 61) and I observed three slightly
more curved in N. cryptotenella.
in other samples from the Savannah River (e.g., sample
SVO 18300, Fig. 59). The valves of the six observedDistribution.- There are a few records of Navícula
specimens are linear-lanceolate with rounded apices, pseudoreinhardtii outside its type locality, Savannah River,
13-18 pim wide, 31-40 pim long. Axial area is linear, South Carolina in the ANSP Diatom Herbarium database,
but these identifications were incorrect. There are many
narrow. Central area is transversely elliptic to rectangular.
Striae are coarsely punctate, radiate, 13-14 in 10 pim references
in to this species occurrence in the "American
Distribution"
the central part of the valve, 18 at the ends. The raphe is file, but it is impossible to confirm that they
are to
moderately lateral with terminal raphe fissures turned correct. Apparently, this species was often confused
with Navícula cryptotenella and other similar diatoms.
opposite sides. The coarsely punctate striae and terminal
raphe fissures turned to opposite directions suggest that
Navícula
this is may be a species of Placoneis. The information on secreta var. apiculata Patrick (Figs. 69-74)
the morphology of this species is, however, insufficient to
determine its generic placement. Navícula secreta var. apiculata had relatively low
abundance on its holotype slide and I was not able to find
Distribution.- At ANSP there are no records of this specimens under SEM in the type material or any other
material collected from the Sabine River in 1953. Another
species outside its type locality, Savannah River, South
Carolina/Georgia. It was reported from the Great Lakes sample from the Sabine River, Texas (ANSP GU039000)
(Stoermer and Kreis 1978), but without photographs. was used to investigate the fine structure of this species.

Navícula pseudoreinhardtii Patrick (Figs. 62-68) Morphology.- The valves of Navícula secreta
var. apiculata are lanceolate to linear-lanceolate with
Morphology.- The holotype specimen of protracted apices. The width of the valves observed on the
Navícula pseudoreinhardtii (originally spelled 'W.
holotype slides ranged from 6.0 to 6.8 pi m , and the length
from
pseudoreinchardtr) , located using the "map" card, has27 to 31 pim. The axial area is narrow and straight.
The central area is circular. External proximal raphe ends
valve size different from that reported by Patrick (1959):
the valve width is 6.4 pi m, not 5 pim, the length is 23 are
pim,straight and close to each other (Fig. 73). Striae are
straight and slightly radiate around the center, becoming
not 16 pim (Fig. 67). The striae density was not reported

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Navícula species described by R. Patrick 15

Figs. 62-68. Navícula pseudoreihardtii . Figs. 62-67. LM, slide ANS

68. SEM, external valve view, sample ANSP GCM3520(6A), scale b

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 16 [Link]

parallel, Navícula texana

thenPatrick (Figs. 75-80) c
narrow, apicall
under Investigated specimens of(Figs.
LM Navícula texana from the
var. type population have linear-lanceolate valves, 5.1-6.3 fi m
apiculata is
wide and 17-22 ¡im and
Hustedt, long, with narrow subcapitate to ros-
the
valve trate apices (Figs. 75-80). The shape and size of the valve, w
outline,
and more punctate striae and transverse lanceo
central area are character-
considered istic for N. kotschyi Grunow. Therethese
are, however, 19-20
2011), striae in 10 pim and 20-27 areolae
but in 10 //m in N. texana ,
furth
additional which is somewhat lower thanpopulthe corresponding values
conclusion incorrect. for N. kotschyi (20-26 and 27-32, respectively, according
in Krammer and Lange-Bertalot 1986). Isodiametric are-
olae are not characteristic for Navícula sensu stricto, and
Distribution.- In the past, the ANSP analysts often
misapplied the name of Navícula secreta var. apiculata therefore
to this species has to be placed in another genus.
Narrow pseudoseptae at the valve apices (Figs. 78, 80) in-
N. gregaria , and therefore many records of N. secreta var.
dicate that this species may belong to the genus Parlibel-
apiculata in the ANSP databases are incorrect (Morales and
lus. Additional data on protoplast characters are necessary
Potapova 2000). This species is occasionally found in estu-
to determine generic placement of N. kotschyi.
aries and in high-conductivity waters across United States.

Figs. 69-74. Navícula secreta var. apiculata. Figs. 69-71. LM, slide ANSP GC44257A, scale bar = 10 /<m. Fig.69. Holotype specimen.
Figs. 72-74. SEM, sample GU039000. Fig. 72. External view of valve apex, scale bar = 1 ¿/m. Fig. 73. External view of valve center,
scale bar = 1 ¡4m. Fig. 74. External valve view, scale bar = 5 //m.

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 Navícula species described by R. Patrick 17

Navícula savannahiana Patrick (Figs. in

distinguish pseudoseptae 81-87)
N. savannahiana. The areolae
in the middle portion of the valve of N. savannahiana are
slightlyrare
Navícula savannahiana is very transapically
in theelongatetype
rather than isodiametric as
mate-
in N. texana.
rial: only the holoty pe specimen Striae density
was found on was 20-24holoty
the in 10 ¡¿m; areolae
pe
densitymore
slide (Fig. 83). This species was was 24-28 abundant,
in 10 /¿m. As N. texana , N. savannahi-
however,
on slide ANSPGC44257A and ana in the
is very corresponding
similar sample
to N. kotschyi , except that most of the
ANSP GCM3520(6A), whichvalves
is are
a narrower
composite
than the rangesample that
given for that species by
Krammerwhich
includes the original sample from and Lange-Bertalot (1986). It is possible
the holotype that N.
slides
was made. Investigated specimens
kotschyi is ratherof N.
variable savannahiana
in valve outline, shape and den-
from the holotype slide GC4737A
sity of areolae,and from
and width slide ANSP
of the pseudoseptum and both N.
GC44257A (Figs. 81-87) have linear
texana valves
and N. savannahiana 4.6-5.1
are conspecific //m
with it.
wide, 16-20 //m long, with narrow capitate apices, punc-
tate striae and transverse central area characteristic for Navícula orangiana Patrick (Figs. 88-92)
N. kotschyi. There is an obvious difference between type
populations of N. texana and N. savannahiana : the first Investigated specimens of Navícula orangiana from
has wider and more lanceolate valves with narrow pseu- the type population have lanceolate valves with narrow
subrostrate apices 4.9-6.0 y, m wide and 17-22 /¿m long
doseptae usually visible even under LM. I was not able to

Figs. 75-80. Navícula texana. Figs. 75-78. LM, slide ANSP GC6587A, scale bar = 10 /¿m. Fig.77. Holotype specimen. Figs. 79, 80.
SEM, sample GCM5208(1)-5(1), scale bars = 5 //m. Fig. 79. External valve view. Fig. 80. Internal valve view.

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 18 [Link]

(Figs. 88-92). The

Par libe llus. Additional data on protoplast characters are
The central area
necessary to determine generic placement of N. orangiana. is
20 striae in 10 ¡im
around Distribution.- The records of the ANSP Diatomare
central
striae. Herbarium show that Navícula orangiana was reported
Internally,
valve are thickene
from its type locality, the Sabine River, Texas, from Lake
tate (Figs.
Maurepas, Lousiana, from88-90)
Ridley Creek, Pennsylvania and
in 10 //m along
from the Patuxent River, Maryland.
short transpically
diametric. Such areolae are not characteristic for Navícula DISCUSSION
sensu stricto, and therefore this species has to be placed in
another genus. Narrow pseudoseptae at the valve apices As a result of this investigation, nine Navícula species
described by Patrick (1959) are now well characterized
(Fig. 92) indicate that this species may belong to the genus

Figs. 81-87. Navícula savatinahiatia. Figs. 81-86. LM, slide ANSP GC4737A, scale bar = 10 ptm. Fig.77. Holotype spec
80. SEM, external valve view, sample GCM3520(6A), scale bar = 5 /¿m.

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 Navícula species described by R. Patrick 19

morphologically with both LM

determine their and placement.
taxonomie SEM,The while
common six o
reason for insufficient
them are transferred to other genera. characterization
Navícula of theseduomedia
species i
is their
transferred to Fallada , but thisrarityspecies
in the studied is
materials.
still Although Patrick
insufficiently
characterized as I could
did not obtain
not specify SEM
how many specimens sheimages
observed and of it
external valve surface. measured, she gave the ranges of values for each species,
The rest of examined species need further study which means that more than one specimen was observed
in each case. In this study I observed more than 15
to describe their morphology in greater detail and to

Figs. 88-92. Navícula orangiana. Figs. 88-90. LM, slide ANSP GC6535A, scale bar = 10 /¿m. Fig.89. Holotype specimen. Figs. 91, 92.
SEM, sample ANSP GCM5209(l)-5(2), scale bars = 5 /¿m. Fig. 91 . External valve view. Fig. 92. Internal valve view.

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 20 [Link]

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 Navícula species described by R. Patrick 21

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
specimens of new species only on the holotype slides of
Navícula dulcís , N. gravistriata, N. texana , N. mournei , N.
pseudoreinchardtii , and /V. Thesecreta
use of the SEM var. apiculata.
at Drexel University'sOnly
Centralized
one specimen per holotype Research
slide Facilities
was observed is gratefully in
acknowledged.
the case This
of N. di sput ans and N. paucivisitata.
study was supported by The abundance
the grant DBI-0840406 offrom th
National Science
other Patrick species in their Foundation.
respective type materials
was also very low. For some of these species, more
abundant populations were found LITERATURE
in other CITEDsamples taken
from the same waterbodies, and SEM characterization
Button, K. S. and D.W. Blinn. 1973. Preliminary seasonal
was possible. Unfortunately, the morphology of a number
of species remains insufficiently known. The value of this studies on algae from Upper Lake Mary, Arizona.
study is primarily in publishing LM images of the type Journal of the Arizona Academy of Science 8:80-83.
Camburn, K. E., R.L. Lowe, and D. E. Stoneburner. 1978.
specimens of these taxa so that if abundant populations
are discovered in the future they may be investigated in The haptobenthic diatom flora of Long Branch, South
more detail. Carolina. Nova Hedwigia 37: 149-279.
Several type specimens are not well preserved Dodd, J. 1981. Diatoms from the Mark Sand Prairie,
or well-positioned on the slides. Some, like Navícula Black Hawk County, Iowa. Proceedings of the Iowa
contraria, are not flat and obscured by debris. A few Academy of Science 88: 154-158.
samples were not sufficiently digested and contain Grimes, J. A. and S. Rushforth. 1982. Diatoms of recent
excessive amounts of organic material obscuring the bottom sediments of Utah Lake Utah, U.S.A.
frustlues. The quality of the images, therefore, is often Bibliotheca Diatomologica 55, J. Cramer.
low. Still, having photographs of type specimens adds Grunow, A. 1860. Ueber neue oder ungenügend
an invaluable amount of information and is an important gekannte Algen. Erste Folge, Diatomeen, Familie
first step towards unraveling identities of these species. Naviculaceen. Verhandlungen der Kaiserlich-
There are multiple disagreements between measure- Königlichen Zoologisch-Botanischen Gesellschaft in
ments reported in Patrick (1959) and in this study. One Wien 10: 503-582.

possible reason for such discrepancies may be that in 1959 Johansen, J.R., R. Lowe, S.R. Gomez, J.P. Kociolek, and
measurements were taken from specimens observed in S.A. Makosky. 2004. New algal species records for the
LM, while I measured valve width, length and striae den- Great Smoky Mountains National Park, U.S.A., with
sity from images. an annotated checklist of all reported algal species for
Nine of the examined species appear to be taxonom- the park. Archiv für Hydrobiologie Supplement 150
ie or subjective synonyms of species described prior to (Algological Studies 111): 17-44.
1959. The lack of published photographs and floras were Hustedt, F. 1925. Bacillariales aus Schleisien. II. Nachtrag.
considerable impediments to diatom studies in the past. Internationale Revue der gesamten Hydrobiologie
This was a major reason that many species were re-de- und Hydrographie 13: 345-357.
scribed: it was too difficult to recognize them from draw-Hustedt, F. 1930. Bacillariophyta (Diatomeae) In: A.
ings, which often distorted important characters. This Pascher (ed.), Die Süsswasser-Flora Mitteleuropas.
only underscores the importance of types in discovering Gustav Fischer, Jena. Zweite Auflage. Heft 10, 466
and describing diatom diversity. pp.
Hustedt, F. 1949. Süsswasser-Diatomeen aus dem Albert-
Most of the Navícula species that Patrick described
in 1959 in her Proceedings paper were discovered in Nationalpark in Belgisch-Kongo. Exploration du
samples collected in the course of ANSP river surveys Parc National Albert, Mission H. Damas (1935-
in the southeastern United States on the Savannah, 1936), Institut des Parcs Nationaux du Congo Belge,
Guadalupe, and Sabine rivers. Despite the intensive Bruxelles 8: 1-199.
work that ANSP scientists carried out on these rivers, Hustedt, F. 1957. Die Diatomeenflora des Flußsystems
the diatom flora of this region is still poorly known. It is der Weser im Gebiet der Hansestadt Bremen.
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