9.
INTRODUCTION TO CONTROL CIRCUITS
In Electrical network, control system is one of the main functions. Healthiness of control circuit should be
as good as nervous system of human body.
Control circuits receive signal (or) commands from various sensing elements (or) manually and extends
DC from the station battery in case of DC circuits and AC LT supply in case of AC circuits to the relevant
auxiliary parts so that trip (or) closing of breaker (or) relay takes place.
Indica tion Lam p
A larm
c t ly
AC A uxilary R elay
e
D ir
AC ad
o l Lo C ontrol Indica tion Lam p
S ource ntr
AC Co Pow er C ircuit A larm
AC
ly A uxilary R elay P anel
ect
D ir
Trip coil
DC
C lo sing co il
DC la y
o' Re
th r
S ta tion
B attery
Fig . 1.
Healthiness of control circuits during imminent situation is more significant than normal condition.
Otherwise, fault in the portion of the network will lead entire network to fail. Fig.1. represents the general idea
about control circuit.
Purpose of this paper is to provide adequate knowledge for trainees about various symbol used, standard
AC number for various relays, No & NC contacts of auxilary switch and relay contacts, cable, terminal block
standard ferus and nos., so that fault in the control cricuit can be rectified immediately and so to minimise the
outage during break down.
Breaker Off Breaker ON
(A) (B)
52(b) 1 1
52(a) 2 2
52(b) 3 3
52(a) 4 4
Fig 2 (a) Fig. 2 (b)
67 T & SS Training Institute, Madurai.
AUXILARY CONTACTS CONTROL & ALARMS
It consists of 2 sets of contacts. Each set is Remote Close : KISR
of 8 (or) 10 nos. contacts; and connected to a lever.
Remote trip : KSR
to and fro (or) Rotary motion of the Breaker during
opening (or) closing makes the lever to move either Local close : KISL
upward (or) downward. Local trip : KSL
N.O. & N.C. CONTACTS:
When the Breaker is in OFF condition the Over current Relay trip K3
lever connected to the auxilary switch is in position
Earth fault relay trip K3
(A), as shown in fig 2(a). The set of contacts (2)
and (4) remain opened these contacts are called Differential Relay trip K3
as normally opened. Contacts and makes a S2(a). Master trip K9
The set of contacts 1 & 3 is called normally closed
contact and it is mentioned S2(b).
OSR / OLTC Trip 163T
It can also be explained as “The set of
contacts which are kept opened when the Breaker Bucholz trip 63T
is in “OFF” condition is called “N.O” contact and all
O.T. Trip 49T
other contacts as NC contact.
Over flowing 99
N.O. & N.C. CONTACTS FOR RELAY:
The set of Relay contacts which are kept
opened when the relay is under unenergised Bucholz Alarm 63A
condition is normally opened contact. All other W.T. Alarm 49A
contacts are called normally closed contact.
O.T. Alarm 26 A
LEAD NUMBER FERRITES STANDARD FOR
Ter. Alarm 149 A
DIFFERENT PURPOSES.
Busholz Prot. trip 96
J Series .. DC incoming. J 1 & J2. It is usually
connected from the DC main to DC control panel Pole discrepancy trip 162
through cable.
J1 (+)ve and J2 for (-)ve with fuse. INDICATOR (+)ve - L
K Series - Controls, closing and tripping etc., Off L3
- K1, K2, K3, etc.,
ON L5
H Series - LT A.C. supply - H 1 , H 2 , H 3 etc.,
for AC contactor, Aux. Trip, motor, Semaphor OFF L7
space breaker etc., Semaphor ON L9
A Series - C.T. Secondary for special protection. C. B. Trip Alarm L21
- A1, A2, A3, etc
Bus AB Switch OFF L11
B Series - Bus bar protection. - B1, B2, B3 etc. remote
C Series - for protection circuits - C1, C2, C3, etc. Bus Indicator ON L13
D Series - metering circuits - D1, D2, D3, etc. Line/equipment OFF L15
ON L17
ON L19
OFF L21
68 T & SS Training Institute, Madurai.
