UDC Universal Decimal ClassificationUDC Universal Decimal Classification Standard Edition Volume 1 — Systematic tables Business InformationFirst published as BS 1000M: Part 1: 1985 ‘Second edition published as BS 1000M: Part 1: 1993, ‘This fully updated third ecition first published in the UX in 2008 by British Standards Institution 389 Chiswick High Road London W4 4AL © British Standards Institution 2005 All rights reserved. Except as permitted under the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988, no part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system of tranemitted in any form or by any means ~ electronic, photocopying, recording or otherwise ~ without prior permission in writing from the publisher. Whilst every care has been taken in developing ané compiling this publication, BSI accepts 1no liability for any loss or damage caused, arising directly or indirectly n connection with reliance on its contents except o the extent that such lability may not be excluded in law. ‘Typeset in Arial and Palatino by Helius, Brighton and Rochester Printed in Great Britain by Antony Rowe Ltd, Chippenham, Wittshire British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library Volume 1 ISBN 0 580 45469 X Volume 2 ISBN 0 580 45470 3CONTENTS Foreword Acknowledgements. Introduction ‘Summary of the classification Part 1: Auxiliary tables Section I: Common auxiliary signs and subdivisions 1a Coordination. Extension 1b Relation. Subgrouping, Order-fixing te Common auxiliaries of language 1d Common auxiliaries of form 4 Common auxiliaries of place 1f Common auxiliaries of race, ethnic grouping and nationality ‘1g Common auxiliaries of time ‘1h Subject specification by notations from non-UDC sources 1k Common auxiliaries of general characteristi Section Il: Special auxiliary subdivisions Part 2: Main tables 0 Generalities. Science and knowledge. Organization. Information. Documentation. Librarianship. Institutions. Publications 1 Philosophy. Psychology 2 Religion. Theology 3 Social sciences. Statistics. Politics. Economics. Trade. Law. Government, Military affairs. Welfare. Insurance. Education Folklore Mathematics and natural sciences Applied sciences. Medicine. Technology The arts. Recreation. Entertainment. Sport Language. Linguistics, Literature Geography. Biography. vil xi xxix 1-156 7 23 130 131 138 139 156 157-898 159 185 197 227 327 465 837 881 891 |FOREWORD Overview This edition of the UDC has been created from the entire content of the UDC Master Reference File database (over 66700 entries). It takes account of official amendments up to and including those in Extexsions and Corrections to the UDC, Number 26, November 2004. It supersedes Universal Decimal Classification, BS 1000M:1993. UDCisan indexing and retrieval language for classifying information on al subjects, and in all forms. It was originally derived from Dewey Decimal Classification (DDC), and managed by the organization known as the International Federation for Information and Documentation (FID). It was first published, in French, from 2904 to 1907, ‘The preparation and publication of the English versions of UDC as BS 1000 was at the original joint request of the British Society for Intemational Bibliography (BSIB) and the Association of Special Libraries and Information Bureaux (ASLIB), now amalgamated as Aslib, the Association for Information Management. It was approved by Lake Placid Education Foundation, New York, then proprietors of the Dewey Decimal Classification. DDC is now published by Forest Press, a division of OCLC Online Computer Library Center, Inc., Albany, NY, USA, the current owner of the copyright in DDC. On 1 January 2992, all rights and responsibilities for UDC were transferred to the UDC Consortium (UDC), whose founder members were: + AENOR (Asociacién Espariola de Normalizacién y Certificaci6n), Spain * Bohn Stafleu Van Loghum, Netherlands + BSI British Standards Institution), UK + CLPCF (Centre de Lecture publique de la Communauté frangaise de Belgique), Belgium + FID (International Federation for Information and Documentation) + INFOSTA-NIPDOK (Information Science and Technology Association), Japan. Since 1992 UDC has been maintained in English in a database called the UDC MRE. The UDC MRF was derived from the machine-readable files of the first edition of BS 1000M: 1985, and was then amplified and updated. The classification is regularly updated by UDCC (hitpi/www.udec.org) and a new database file is released and distributed to licence holders annually. During the period 1993-2005 UDC has been extensively revised and amended. The list of classes that have undergone major change is published at httpy/www.udcc.org/ major_changes.htm. ‘This edition is published under general licence from the UDCC, whose Executive Committee authorizes editions in various languages and at various levels of inclusiveness. This edition corresponds to what was previously known as the ‘medium’ edition and appears in two volumes, of which this is Volume 1 ~ Systematic tables. The alphabetical subject index constitutes Volume 2.nO UDC - Volume 4 Typographic presentation Layout Sample entry layout ‘Summary of symbols used A UDC entry consists of three main elements: * the class number (notation), which appears in the number columa at the left + the class description (caption), which appears in the text column at the right + various amplifications, which appear indented within the text column, The latter include notes, cross-references, instructions for synthesizing and examples of compound notation obtained. Class description can be extended with other concepts that are included in the class; in this edition the word ‘Including’ is replaced by the symbol G (square). It should be noted that synthesis is available to the user wherever it results in a meaningful combination, and the compound numbers shown are only examples from a potentially vast number. In this edition, examples are indented and they are preceded by the symbol (diamond), class. description class ra ' Sor ———> 675.8 Industries based on the processing of leather and fur production wastes, Industries based on the processing of by-products of slaughtering (care by-products). © Waste collection, reprocessing, tlzation + including... Use the .0.. aurilaries from 675.0... whore note appropiate examples} of ___, 0 675:862.028.1 Dyeing, bleaching ory combination © 676,862.08 Wastes ofthe ivory industry 36076 gat an, 3675.08 - Special auxiliary tables, usually placed at the beginning of the main class in which they are valid, are marked with a vertical line to the left of the class number. In addition to the UDC notation, including the signs in Tables 1a to 1k, the following symbols are used in this edition: ign meaning > G@ouble arrow) see also © (diamond) example(s) of combination © (square) including (approximately equal to) subdivide as | (idetining) special auxiliaries . (asterisk) nor-UDC notation (see Table Th)Acknowledgements The UDC was originally derived from the Dewey Decimal Classification, and the schedules and tables in this edition incorporate some material published in later editions of DDC © 1911, 1913, 1915, 1919, 1922, 1927, 1932, 1942, 1951-52, 1958, 1965, 1971, 1979, 1989, variously by Melvil Dewey, Lake Placid [Club] Education Foundation, Forest Press and OCLC Online Computer Library Center, Inc., Albany, NY, USA. Itis possible that some proprietary names occur in this publication. No reflections on their legal status, either by the British Standards Institution or by any of its cooperating organizations, are intended, and none should be inferred from this publication. i Many place names are included. The names used, the selection and sequence of regions, descriptive expressions and relations implied by the numerichierarchy do not constitute any endorsement of their national or international status either by the British Standards Institution or by any of its cooperating organizations. No opinions about any of these matters should be inferred from this publication. BSI would like to express their gratitude to Aida Slavic-Overfield from the BSI UDC advisory board. Aida was not only able to provide invaluable advice during the development stages of this new edition but also committed a tremendous amount of time and effort in editing the proofs. Thanks are also due to Rich Cutler from Helius for all his technical expertise.INTRODUCTION 14 History of UDC 11 The use of decimal notation as a code for expressing the concepts in a documentary classification was fist proposed by the physicist André Made Ampere (1775-1836) and popularized by the American librarian Melvil Dewey in the later nineteenth century. Dewey's scheme was developed and used in the library of Amherst College, Massachusetts, and first published in 1876. The first edition, entitled ‘Classification and subject index’, was brief, with its ten pages of tables containing 919 headings, and lacked some of the features later associated with the scheme {it was not called decimal, and contained no decimal fractions); nor was the order of subjects particularly innovatory, deriving from a tradition going back to the Paris booksellers of the seventeenth century; but it still contained the beginnings of a system that was to prove immensely serviceable and influential. Later, the three-digit minimum and the decimal point after the third digit were introduced, the scheme was expanded in successive editions, and its use spread rapidly throughout the USA and then in other English-speaking countries. It played an important part in establishing the norm of a systematic code denoting the subject as, a primary means of arranging and retrieving literature in libraries grouping together works on similar subjects, irrespective of marks identifying individual documents. 12 In 1895, a further step in the development of decimal classification was taken by Paul Otlet (1869-1944), 2 young Belgian barrister already noted for his work in bibliography in the social sciences. Under the aegis of the newly founded Institut International de Bibliograpie (IIB) in Brussels, Otlet and his collaborator Henry La Fontaine (1854-1943) were working on the projected Universal Bibliographic Repertory, which was intended to become a comprehensive classified index to all published information. A means of arranging the entries would be needed, and Otlet, having heard of Dewey's Decimal Classification, now in ts fifth edition (1894), had obtained a copy and been deeply impressed by it. He wrote to Melvil Dewey in 1895 and obtained permission to translate it into French. Otlet and La Fontaine saw in Decimal Classification a taxonomy of human knowledge that could be expressed ‘in an international language - that of numbers’; they saw too that, because of the extensibility of decimal numbers, it could readily accommodate the detail needed for bibliographic rather than strictly library use. The idea outgrew the plan of mere translation, and a number of radical innovations were made, adapting the purely enumerative classification (in which all the subjects envisaged are already listed and coded) into one which allows for synthesis (that is, the construction of compound numbers to denote interrelated subjects hat could never be exhaustively foreseen); various possible relations between subjects were identified, and symbols, assigned to represent them. They also realized that characteristics common to many subjects could be assembled as a separate list; repeated patterns of digits where the same characteristic of division was applied were already present to some extent in Dewey's first edition, but now the further step was taken of detaching the terminal digits and listing them as tables of auxiliary numbers, which could be added as required by the user. This synthetic principle meant that a level of detail could be obtained much greater than what was actually displayed in the published scheme: higher precision combined with economy of presentation. At the same time, Otlet and La Fontaine were expanding the purely enumerative content, to provide for the extensive requirements of the Repertory, and the result was 2 scheme both more copious and more sophisticated than its predecessor. It contained about 33000 subdivisions. It was published by the IB, in French, from 1904 to 1907, and ‘was called the ‘Handbook to the Universal Bibliographic Repertory’ (Manel du Répertoire Bibliographique Universel). It was in fact the fist edition of UDC. xiUDC - Volume 4 1.3 The scheme continued to expand, though interrupted by the First World War, and work progressed on a second edition, in which editorship was shared with Frits Donker Duyvis of the Dutch Patent Office, who was responsible for the extensive revision and expansion of the science and technology sections. It was published from 1927 to 1933, and by now had over 70000 subdivisions. The Universal Bibliographic Repertory, the impetus for the scheme, was proving unmanageable, and this edition was now offered independently under the title “Classification Décimale Universelle’, the name by which (in various translations) itis still known. This edition became the master version of UDC, and remained so until 1993, when a new database became the authoritative source; from 1933 to 1993 the second French edition, as modified and augmented by approved amendments collected in various supplements and later in the serial Extensions and Corrections to the UDC, was the official source for all UDC editions. A third edition, the first in German, was next begun, under the editorship of Carl Walther, and published from 1934 to 1951; this was probably double the size of the second, about 140.000 subdivisions 14 Interest in UDC in the United Kingdom was particularly promoted by the enthusiasm of Dr S.C. Bradford (1878-1948), who was keeper of the Science Museum Library from 1925 to 1937, and responsible for its adoption of UDC in 1928, The Classification jor Works on Pure and Applied Science in the Science Museum Library, third edition (but the first to use UDC) was published in 1936, and was the first completed (though selective) edition of UDC in English. It was in fact an abridged edition (about 6000 subdivisions) with emphasis on science and technology. Work was also under way on a translation of the still authoritative second (French) edition, and this was to be the beginning of a fourth full edition of UDC, the first in English. Parts of this were published in 1936 to 1939, jointly by the British Society for International Bibliography and the Association of Special Libraries and Information Bureaux (BSIB and ASLIB later united to form Aslib, the Society for Information Management). At their request, the British Standards Institution (BSI) assumed responsibility for publishing UDC, and, after issuing slightly corrected versions of the existing parts in 1943, continued to produce English editions in the BS 1000 series. 1.5 The Institut international de Bibliographie (IIB) in 1931 became the Institut International de Documentation (IID), now with its headquarters at The Hague; in 1937 it changed to the Fédération Internationale de Documentation (FID), and in 1988 changed again to the International Federation for Information and Documentation (FID) - the name it held until the Federation's dissolution in 2000. FID remained for many years the centre for the management and maintenance of UDC. In 1991, acting on the recommendations of the specially formed Task Force for UDC System Development, it held talks with several UDC publishers about restructuring the finance, management and maintenance of the scheme to ensure its future into the next century. As a result of these talks, the UDC Consortium (UDCC) was formed, with FID, BS1and four other publishers as founder members (Gee Foreword). All rights were transferred to the UDCC on 1 January 1992 Its first priority was the creation of a database of 60 000 entries, known as the Master Reference File (MRE), which was completed in the spring of 1993 and is now the authoritative statement of the content of UDC. The former full editions (totalling about 220 000 entries) remain valid. 16 Since August 1949, authorized amendments have appeared in Extensions and Corrections to the UDC, issued at first six-monthly, later annually. 1.7 The working languages of FID were English, French and German, and these remained the medium for the maintenance and management of UDC (including all amendments appearing in Extensions and Corrections to the UDC) until 1992, when the UDCC took over. The official language of the Consortium is English. The ‘Master Reference File is currently in English, but is planned to be extended to include French and German, and perhaps other languages. Since its early editions, UDC has been translated into many other languages and is used in over oneIntroduction 2 Characteristics of UDC 2.4 Nature of classification hundred countries worldwide. There are editions of various lengths in 39 different Janguages listed in the ‘UDC Translations: A survey report and bibliography’ (Extensions and Corrections to the UDC, 26 (2004), 58-69; an updated version of the same report is available at http:/dlistsir.arizona.edw/649)) Classification is a means of bringing order to a multiplicity of concepts ot items of information, by arranging them into classes. Aclass sa group of concepts that have at least one thing in common. This shared property gives the class its identity. A class may be further divided into smaller classes (or subclasses), and so on, until no further subdivision is feasible. So classification is likely to be hierarchic, with each level of division (except the lowest) divided into its logical subsets. Classes may consist of various kinds of concept, such as physical things (objects, persons, places, etc.) and their parts, activities, processes, abstract ideas; for example: + buildings (schools, churches, houses, etc.) - things + parts of buildings (doors, walls, stairways, etc.) ~ parts * building services (joinery, glazing, plumbing, etc.) ~ activities + architectural styles (classical, Georgian, ete.) - abstract ideas. Classifications may be designed for various purposes. They include scientific and documentary classifications. Scientific classifications arrange the phenomena of the natural world as an aid to systematic study. They include the arrangements in systematic botany and zoology, and the table of chemical elements, and they often form the basis of field guides. The other kind of classification is designed for information organization and retrieval — in other words, for locating knowledge recorded in various information resources (objects, images, sounds, printed or digital documents), hence its name: documentary classification. The above categories of classification scheme are not mutually exclusive. Scientific classifications may be incorporated into documentary ones, as they have been to some extent in UDC, for example at 549 and (though not explicitly) parts of 58 and 59. Bibliographic and library classifications may each incorporate some of the other's features, and in practice are not limited to a single application. 2.2.1 In one respect, UDC differs markedly from scientific classifications, which tend to be taxonomies ~ that is, isolating phenomena and allocating to each a unique place in the scheme. UDC, like any documentary classification, is an aspect classification, in which a phenomenon is classed according to the context or discipline in which itis considered (so that its various aspects occur at many different places). For example, ‘coal’ has no single place in UDC. The petrological aspect is at 352.574, thee economic geology aspect at 553.94, the mining aspect at 622.33, or as lust at 622.411.52, the soil mechanics aspect at 624.131.27, the agricultural aspect (fertilizers) at 631.878, the fuels aspect at 662.66 and 662.74, or as briquettes at 662.814, and coal for pig iron production is at 669.162.16. More peripheral aspects are at still other numbers. Theoretically, general documents covering all of those aspects should be classed at all of those numbers; but in a given collection, with a particular bias, it is often possible to select one number as the main place for a subject. 2.2.2 Documentary classifications tend to be either forlibrary use —for the physical arrangement of an actual collection and as a guide to its coverage; or bibliographic for the detailed indexing and description of documents, not confined to any one collection. They will often be enumerative exhaustively listing the categories into which the universe of knowledge has been divided; or faceted ~ identifying, characteristics common to many categories and arranging them in lists or tables, each representing a facet (that is, the total of concepts obtained by applying a particular characteristic of division). Thus, the compiler has analysed subjects into xiUDC - Volume 4 2.3 UDC notation their elements for the user to recombine or synthesize, and faceted classification is also called analytico-synthetic. UDC has evolved from a project to develop an enumerative into a faceted classification. 2.23 Classifications may be special ~ concentrating on, or biased towards, a particular subject; or general - covering the universe of knowledge. UDC is a general classification scheme that is particularly detailed and sophisticated. It can therefore be used both for information organization in covering all subjects, or most of them, and in document collections which are more specialized but still cover a range of other subjects in less detail. UDC was designed for bibliographic use, but has proved eminently suitable for library use. Though general, it has been found useful in special collections and services, and a number of specialized selections (known as special-subject editions) have appeared Notation is a code that symbolizes the subject of each class and its place in the sequence. A simple list of named classes filed alphabetically would not fulfil the purpose of keeping related items together or separating unrelated ones. This can be done by using a notation which has an inherent order, such as numerals, alphabetic notation or a mixture (alpha-numeric). When such a code is assigned to each class, it expresses and fixes the order of classes (that is the filing order), and enables automatic sorting of entries. Notation with variable length can also express the position in the hierarchy, with each extra character representing a lower level; this is called expressive notation. Arabic numerals, arranged as decimal fractions, are ideal for this purpose and are the basis of the notation in UDC. Notation is an artificial indexing language, from which many of the ambiguities of natural language have been eliminated, For example, the term ‘paraffin’ has both a technical sense (a series of saturated aliphatic hydrocarbons of the general formula CH,,. 2) and a popular one (= kerosine, a petroleum fraction with a particular boiling range), while ‘kerosine’ has at times been known as ‘petroleum’, a term now used as the general name for mineraf oils. But in UDC there is no such ambiguity; in the context of mineral oil technology, ‘mineral il’ generally (petroleum) isat 665.6, ‘production of paraffins’ is at 665.637 2, and ‘production of kerosine’ is at 665.634. Similarly, ‘power’ in mechanical engineering (the output of an engine) is at 621.1.0187, and ‘power’ in electrical engineering is at 621.3.016.2, with ‘power supply’ at 621.311. Other aspects of these subjects may occur elsewhere, but in each case the class number represents a clearly defined concept, not a word or phrase whose meaning may vary according to context. UDC notation is based on Arabic numerals (plus a few other common symbols). The numbers are arranged as decimal fractions, and this determines their filing order. One can think of them as following an imaginary nought and point, which for convenience are omitted (for example, 5 stands for 0.5), So they do not have the same order as integers, in which 6 would precede 59 by a long way; 5is followed notimmediately by 6, but by 50 to 59. Similarly, 59 is followed by allits subdivisions from 591 to 599 before you reach 6; and between 591 and 592 come all the subdivisions of 591 up to 591.9. After the third digit, there is a point, but itis not a decimal point ~ merely punctuation for ease of reading. A long code is easier to read ifit is broken into small groups, $0 a point is added after every third digit; for example, in the UDC database the eleven-digit number 62138233332 becomes 621.382.333.32, which is far more manageable. As the whole class number is a decimal fraction, including the part before the first point, itis preferable to pronounce it not as an integer but as a series of digits (‘six-two-one point three...’ rather than ‘six hundred and twenty-one point three ..") Asan example, the following numbers would he in this order if they were integers (or integers plus decimals): {, 02, 3, 6, 22,37, 66, 82, 94, 210, 543, 655, 681.81, 728.1, 811, 929; but if they are UDC class numbers, they file as if they were all decimal fractions, thus:Introduction 2.4 Structure of UDC class number as if 02 0.02 1 ol 210 0.210 22 022 3 03 7 0.37 53 0.543 6 06 655 0.655 66 0.66 681.81 0.68181 728.1 0.7281 81 ost 82 ag2 929 0.929 94 0.94 Because decimal fractions are infinitely extensible, it is always possible to introduce further subdivisions without altering the ordinal value of the rest of the sequence. New developments, or increasingly detailed information, can therefore be accommodated in the scheme by the creation of new classes while preserving, the stability of the rest. Such notation is said to be hospitable. NOTE: For filing order in general, see 2.4.3. Itwill be apparent from its history that UDCis a hybrid of two kinds of documentary dlassification scheme (enumerative and analytico-synthetic) and its structure reflects this, There are two kinds of table: the main and auxiliary tables (sometimes called the ‘schedules’ and ‘tables’ respectively), and, though the distinction is not hard and fast, they exemplify to some extent the enumerative and analytico-synthetic elements in UDC, and their associated notation (see Figure 1). poten MAIN TABLES combine veng eaters? ‘| SPECIAL (Leembine using riers} | AtnauiaRy u disciplines: are sub-dscpines ‘elds of knowledge ‘symbols outside rl pe materials i rN COMMON —| AUXILIARY | TABLES ~~ | processes 04 a a ~ — persons: ~—— tine ‘thnios place form | [languages (=) (19) ©.) ‘Figure 1, UDC macrostructure | |UDC - Volume 1 2.4.1 Main tables 2.4.1.1 The main tables, and thus the primacy notation, in UDC are the ones most closely related to DDC. In Dewey’s scheme, the universe was divided into ten classes, each of which was then further divided. In UDC, one class is now vacant, since class 4 was cancelled in 1963 to make room for future developments, and its subject, linguistics, was merged into class 8 with literature. UDC therefore comprises the following top classes: 0 Generalities. Science and knowledge. Organization. Information. Documentation. Librarianship. Institutions. Publications 1 Philosophy. Psychology 2 Religion. Theology 3. Social sciences, Statistics, Politics. Economics. Trade. Law. Government. Military affairs. Welfare. Insurance. Education. Folklore [Vacant] Mathematics and natural sciences Applied sciences. Medicine. Technology ‘The arts. Recreation. Entertainment. Sport Language. Linguistics. Literature Geography. Biography. History Thus, each of these broadest classes is denoted by @ single-digit Arabic number. Each of the ten theoretical classes, or nine occupied classes, may in turn be divided to form ten narrower classes (or subclasses). The subclasses accommodate more restricted concepts, as represented by longer numbers. For example, class 5 is divided into the following subclasses: 50 Generalities about the pure sciences 51 Mathematics 52 Astronomy. Astrophysics. Space research. Geodesy 58 Physics 54 Chemistry. Crystallography. Mineralogy 55 Earth sciences. Geology, meteorology etc. 36 Palaeontology 57 Biological sciences in general 58 Botany 59 Zoology The next level of division gives three digits; for example, 57 is divided into: 572 Anthropology 573. General and theoretical biology 574 General ecology andl biodiversity General genetics. General cytogenetics... Evolution etc. Cettular and subcellular biology. Cytology Material bases of fe. Biochemistry... Biophysics Virology Microbiology Each of these isa logical subdivision of the content of class 5 and 57 respectively, and each is denoted by a number beginning with 5; but each is also a more restrictive class than 5, and has a class number one digit longer. The main tables, in other words, are divided hierarchically, with the numeric hierarchy reflecting the conceptual hierarchy; the broadest classes are at the highest evel, and the narrowest or most restrictive classes are at the lowest level, ofthe hierarchy. The length of the class number is indicative of the degree of detail. Class numbers of the same length, denoting, a similar level of generality (or extension) are coordinate. Classes with shorter numbers, denoting greater extertsion, are superordinate. Classes with longer numbers, denoting greater specifity (or intension) are subordinate. 58 and 59 are coordinate. 5 is superordinate to 58 and 59. 591 is subordinate to 59. AnIntroduction exhaustive set of coordinate classes (containing the full logical subs superordinate class) isan array. isions of the 2.4.1.2 The parsing of an example will show the structure of a long class number from the main tables: 621.397.132.125 Phase Alternating Line (PAL) system ‘This string of twelve digits represents a chain in a hierarchy of concepts, in which each successive place implies a choice from the possible subclasses: 6 ‘Applied sciences. Medicine. Technology 2 Engineering, Technology in general ox Mechanical engineering... Electrical engineering, Machinery 6213 Electrical engineering 2139 Telecommunication ... Telecontrol 621.397 ‘Video technology. Television engineering 6213971 [vacant] 621,397.13 Television 621.397.132 Colour television 621.397.1321 Simultaneous colour systems 621.397.132.122 With common transmission channel for the primary colour signals 621.397.132.125 Phase Alternating Line (PAL) system ‘The first digit, 6, denotes ‘Applied sciences. Medicine. Technology’. A start has been made along a path down the hierarchy, which branches at each successive level: out of the universe of information, a class of concepts has been selected that belong to the applied sciences. The second digit, 2, shows that, of the ten possible subclasses 60 to 69, the one selected is 62, restricting us to engineering. Each succeeding digit further specifies the preceding concept, and symbolizes a more restrictive class, until the lowest level is reached. The meaning of each digit is determined by its place in the chain (2means’engineering’ only ifit follows 6). The full number 621.397.132.125 exhibits increasing specificity going towards the right. 2.4.1.3 Reality sometimes declines to fit into predetermined categories, and the universe cannot consistently be divided into decimal fractions. Not every number is necessarily occupied. Nought tends to be reserved fora special purpose, particularly when following a point, but most arrays occupy fewer than the nine remaining, places. Occasionally they require more than nine places (e.g. ministries occupy the range 354.11/86). 2.4.2 Auxillary tables 2.4.21 UDC's most innovative and influential feature was its auxiliary notation, the signs and subdivisions provided to allow for the construction of compound numbers, or synthesis. The auxiliary tables list concepts which recur throughout several ot all subjects, such as time and place, and are therefore applicable in a range of classes. They are added to a class number to express a more precise meaning, Auxiliary notation is of two main kinds: the common and special auxiliaries. The common auxiliaries, as well as providing a means of expressing interrelations between subjects, denote generally recurrent characteristics (Le. those that are applicable throughout the main tables). The special auxiliaries denote locally recurrent characteristics (ie. those that are applicable in a limited range of the main tables). ‘There are also linking signs which enable combination or numbers from different parts of the tables, For convenience, these are also presented as tables. A number taken from a single place in the tables and cited on its own ~ whether a main number or an independent auxiliary ~ is a simple number, e.g, (410) and 622 are simple numbers. A number created by synthesizing, using elements from moreUDC ~ Volume 1 than one place in the tables, is a compournd number, e.g. 622+669 and 622(410) are compound numbers 24.2.2 Common auxiliaries. The common auxiliaries comprise two kinds of symibol: the signs and subdivisions. The common auxiliary signs are the plus, the stroke, the colon, the square brackets and the double colon, which serve as relators, linking UDC numbers (either main or auxiliary), but are not themselves numbers, do not represent classes, and cannot be subdivided. Not many kinds of relation are distinguished: the plus and the stroke represent kinds of aggregation (the sum of meanings of several UDC numbers), while the colon serves for most other relations. When UDC numbers are linked by colon, it merely shows that the subjects denoted by the numbers are related to each other in some way; it does not specify which influences the other(s), nor show the nature of the influence exerted ~ in short, it does not denote the phase of the relation. For example, the compound: 658512.2:004 Industrial design in relation to computers and data processing does not indicate whether computers are the instrument or the object of designing (computer-aided design or design of computers). Changing the order of the elementsin sucha compound does not in principle change the meaning: itisstated in Table 1b that the relation is reversible, and that A:B and B:A are of equal significance. In private use, however, the order might be made significant, Recent additions to the UDC vocabulary are the algebraic subgrouping and order-fixing signs (Table 1b, Sections 2 and 3). These to some extent afford the user a means of clarifying relations between subjects. 24.2.2.1 The lack of specificity in the common auxiliary signs, notably the colon, imnplies a correspondingly extensive usefulness: this device enables any concept in the whole classification to be related to any other, and so in a sense to qualify it. Such a copious range of qualifiers could hardly be achieved by other means. 2.4.2.2.2 The common auxiliary subdivisions consist of numeric tables, in which concepts are enumerated and arranged hierarchically; to this extent, they resemble the main tables, but they are distinguished by their own symbols either prefixed to, or enclosing, the number. Common auxiliary tables are as follows: concept symbol the linking signs ~ Tables 1a and 1b toh language of the document - Table le = form of the document Table 1d (0/09) place - Table Je (v9) race, nationality etc. ~ Table If =) time—Table 1g, ; non-UDC codes ete. - Table th #NZ general characteristics Table 1k, includes 0. properties 02. materials 03. processes 04... persons 05, It is important to note that two of the tables (language and form) denote characteristics of the document (or information carrier), e.g. the language in which itis written or spoken. The others denote aspects of the subject, e.g, the materials cr persons involved. One must distinguish between: 811.1122 German (asa subject - main number) and. =112.2. German (language of document - auxiliary number), as in 5=112.2 Scientific works in German. Somé features, such as time and space, are relevant to practically all phenomena, ‘while others, such as language and documentary form, become relevant as soon as a phenomenon becomes the subject of a document. When a given characteristic ofIntroduction division recurs throughout a classification, it is convenient and mnemonic if the resultant facet is expressed in the same notation wherever it occurs; but this also makes it possible for the digits expressing it to be detached and separately listed By this means, they become available to be affixed, theoretically, to every class number in the main tables, so permitting more specific denotation of any concept in the scheme, Removed from their context, they require an extra symbol to identify the characteristic of division (a facet indicator); for example, the digits 1 to9 have many different meanings, but when they are enclosed in parentheses, this, announces that the place facet is to be enumerated. Similarly, quotation marks announce the time facet, and so on. Some of these symbols serve more than one purpose, and their meaning depends on what immediately follows; for example, an opening parenthesis may be followed by 0, denoting form, by 1 to 9, denoting, orby the equals sign, denoting race and nationality. The numeric part of the punctuated after every third digit, as with the main tables. 24,2.23 The common auxiliary subdivisions fall into two groups: the independent and the dependent auxiliary tables. The independent auxiliary tables, though they may be affixed to any UDC number where appropriate, may also be used on their own, to form the whole class number fora document. These are Tables Ic to 1g, the auxiliaries of language, form, place, race and time. For example, ifit were decided that the place facet was the only one that needed to be expressed (e.g. in classifying maps),a way of doing this would be to cite the place auxiliary alone, from Table le. ‘The dependent auxiliary tables must always be affixed to a UDC number, these are, offically, Table 1k common auxiliaries of general characteristics: properties, processes, materials and persons. Additionally, Table 1h, which specifies means of adding non-UDC notation, is in practice dependent (though not described as such), since the asterisk and alphabetic extensions must be added to a UDC number, 2.42.24 Most of the independent auxiliary tables have symbols that enclose the number, thus demarcating it from adjacent numbers. These are biterminal signs ~ that is: signs with both an opening and a closing element. Tables Id, le and If have parentheses, while Table 1g has quotation marks. The exception is Table 1c (Common auxiliaries of language), which has only an initial equals sign; this is compensated for by adding a colon at the end of the language notation in some positions, as in the example =133.1:641.5(083.1) given in the preamble to Table Ic. Because of their demarcation, auxiliaries with biterminal signs can be affixed to any part of a UDC number, at the beginning, middle or end (i.e. prefixed, infixed or suffixed, as well as being usable independently, e.g (410) Great Britain. United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland (410)622.33 Britain ~ coal mining, 622(410).33 Mining - Britain - coal 622,33(410) Coal mining - Britain This is in contrast with the dependent auxiliaries, which are used only as suffixes, ee 62233-02316 Coal mining - sustainable though they may be followed by further auxiliaries, e.g, 622.33.022.316(410) Coal mining - sustainable ~ Britain ‘The asterisk, the point and the hyphen, therefore, can never occur at the beginning of a number 2.4.23 Special auxiliaries. The special auxiliaries, unlike the common auxiliaries, are not listed in one place, and by definition do not have such extensive applicability. They occur at various places in the tables, and express concepts that are recurrent, but in a more limited subject range. xUDC - Volume 4 2423.1 Of the notation used in special auxiliaries, the three main kinds are described and differentiated in auxiliary tables. Section I: the hyphen series -4/, the point-nought series .01/.09 and the apostrophe series ‘1/9. (.0 is almost always used to introduce special auxiliary subdivisions, but there are a few exceptions, such as 626.0 and 669.05.) In this edition, special auxiliary numbers are recognizable by side-lining, for example under UDC 53: 53 Physics 5302 General laws of phenomena 53.05 Observation and recording of phenomena. Visual indication of phenomena... The number before the side-lining is a main number, 53 ‘Physics’. The auxiliary notation .0... may be used either in the form in which itis shown, ie. 3305 Observation and recording of phenomena etc (in general) or detached and added to any direct decimal subdivision of the main number, e.g. 531 Mechanics 531.03 Observation and recording of mechanical phenomena 5315 Gravity... 531.5.05 Observation and recording of gravitational phenomena 2.2.3.2 Most special auxiliaries are enumerative, though there is one synthesizing sign, the apostrophe (which, however, is also used in some places to introduce enumerated subdivisions). Special auxiliaries are always listed as suffixes to other numbers, ard cannot be used independently. A common form of presentation is a list immediately under the main number where they are valid. If no other indication is given, they are applicable also to all the direct divisions of that number. For example, at 621.3.01 to .095.4, the . element is applicable anywhere from 621.31 to 621.398, as well as 621.3 itself. 24.23.3 Special auxiliaries are applicable only where indicated, and the same notation may be used elsewhere with a different meaning. In a few cases, special auxiliaries have either an extended of a reduced range of applicability. This is always indicated by a note, eg. at 52-1/-8 or 616. For instance, hyphen auxiliaries under 62 are applicable throughout the range 62 to 69 (as indicated in a running footnote), and the poirit-nought auxiliaries listed at 7, applicable throughout the class except under 77. Also, for example, the 666.1.03 and .05 auxiliaries are valid not only under 666.1, but throughout 666.11/.28, as is indicated in the note preceding them; and a note at 666.21/.28 draws attention to the availability of these auxiliaries in this section outside their expected range. 2.4.2.3. Special auxiliaries may also occur within other series of auvxiliaries, as they do, for example, at the beginning of Table 1d: Common auxiliaries of form. The principle is the same: they may be used in the form in which they appear, e.g (0.03522) Transparent, strip-form [documents]. Microfilm or the special auxiliary element (beginning with.0) may be detached and affixed to any of the direct divisions of (0), ¢.g- (05) Serial publications. Periodicals (05.35.22) Periodicals on microfilm. ‘The compound thus formed is still a common awsiliary, which may qualify a main number, e.g. 5(05.035.22) Science periodicals on microfilm. ‘The-6 auxiliaries at 66.041 are an example of special auxiliaries within other special auxiliaries. 2.4:2.3.5 Theres another device, though not an auxiliary table at all, that is similar to special auxiliaries in that it results in the same notation being used to denote aIntroduction given conceptin more than one place. Itis parallel division, signalled in the tables by the subdivides sign = This simply means thatthe number preceding = may be subdivided in a manner analogous to the number following it; this will result in an, exactly analogous array, with the same concepts expressed by the same sequence of digits. A simple example is in 611 ‘Anatomy’, parts of which are parallel to 616 ‘Pathology’, where both are subdivided into particular organs. The compiler has opted to give more detail under 616 (the pathology of particular organs), but it would not matter which was chosen as the main place: the point is that they are parallel, and to enumerate organs fully in both places would be a waste of space and effort. Instead, there are instructions such as that under 611.2 ‘Respiratory system’: 611.21/.26 = 616.21/.26, or under 611.3 ‘Digestive system’: 611.3 = 6163. In these cases, the 616 subdivisions are the source members, from which digits may be detached and added to the target numbers under 611; thus 616.21 gives us the analogous 611.21, while 616.31 gives us 611.31, and so on. The parallel arrays may be represented symmetrically 611.21 Nose. Sinuses 616.21 2 Larynx (voice-box) 2 23 Trachea (windpipe) 23 m Lungs 24 25 Pleurae 25 26 Diaphragm eo The numbers in the left-hand column represent these items in the context of anatomy, while those in the right-hand column represent them in the context of pathology. The list of items is the same. 2.4.2.3.6 This is generally easy to follow when the source number and the target number are the same length. When they are of different lengths, then repunctuation may be necessary. An example of this is 611.81 ‘Central nervous system’, divided like 616.831; thus 611.813 derives from 616831.3. The parallelism here is not obvious to the eye, but the principle is the same: the digits that follow 611.81 are inferred from the digits that follow 616.831; thus, from 616.831.3 the final 3 is, detached and added to 611.81 hence: 611.813. It may be helpful in such cases to delete the points mentally; then 61181 = 616831 and from 6168313 we infer 611813. We then punctuate after every third digit — hence 611.813. Here too, the parallel arrays may be represented symmetrically: 611813 Prosencephalon (forebrain) etc. 616.8313 84 Diencephalon (thalamencephalon) 4 815 Mesencephalon (midbrain) etc 5 817 Metencephalon (hindbrain) 7 818 Myelencephalon ete 8 819 Cerebral meninges 9 and it becomes clear that the italicized digits are common to both number columns. 2.4.2.3.7 There is no limit to the kinds of notation where parallel division is used. They may be main numbers (611.81 = 616.831); they may be special auxiliaries (675.025 = 3675055); they may be common auxiliaries ("511” = "411"); auxiliary numbers may derive from main numbers (-036.4 = 6784) or vice versa (811 = ), and a number may be the source for the parallel division of one of its own subdivisions (546.289 = 546.28}. This should cause no confusion, as in every case where parallel division is authorized, the fact is clearly indicated, often with examples 2.4.3 Filing order 2.43.1 The filing order of UDC symbolsis based on a progression from the general to the particular. Thus, the common auxiliaries (which are by definition general) come first, and an independent auxiliary used alone or cited first (see 2.4.4.1) files before a main number. Next, an aggregation of several numbers has a broader wxUDC - Volume 1 meaning than a simple number, so compounds with the plus and the stroke - Table la ~ file before a single component number (622-+669 comes before 622) Finally, a shorter number files before a longer number, because a sumber followed by an auxiliary (unless it is an aggregation) is more specific than the simple number, while in simple hierarchic division each successive digit further specifies the concept, increasing the particularity. 2.43.2 Arabic numerals arranged as decimal fractions have an inherent ordinal value; the other symbols have been given an arbitrary one. Table I shows the filing order of both simple and compound nunibers. Table 1. Filing order symbol exampl =1122 German language (0035.2) Microform documents (430) Germany (=1410) British nationas ed "18" Nineteenth century + 622+669 Mining and metallurgy } 22/623 ‘Mining and military engineering simple number 622 Mining 6223383 Productivity in mining 5 62281122 Documents in German about mining, @) (622(0,035.2) Microform documents about mining as) 622(430) Mining in Germany ( 622(=1.366) Mining among the ancient British aaa errs" Mining in the nineteenth century . 622*Fe,0, Mining of red haematite (Fe,0,) AZ @22GOE Mining of named ores: goethite 0 622-0972 Manual workers in mining “9 622-78 Protective devices and measures in mining 0 622.08 Geological character of ore deposits 5 ow Tailings, waste, residues from mining, next simple number 622.3 Mining (extraction) of specific minerals. 24.33 The algebraic subgrouping sign (square brackets) does not affect the filing, order, and may be ignored for this purpose, except where class numbers would be identical but for the square brackets. Then one may apply the rule of nothing- before-something, so that the one without brackets files first: 658,512.2:004-051 Industrial design in relation to: practitioners of data processing (e.g. designing for convenience of computer operators) [658.512.2:004]-051 Practitioners of: industrial design in relation to data processing (e.g, practitioners of computer-aided design) 2.43.4 Intercalation of auxiliaries (see 2.4.5) may lead to class numbers with infixes at any point in the hierarchy. Such a compound, where the auxiliary separates the opening element from the closing element of the simple number, files after the opening element alone and the opening element plus suffix. For example, the compound 622,341.1(430) in Figure 2.could be rearranged as:Introduction 622(430)341.1 Mining — Germany — iron ores so creating an order such as: 622 Mining 622(430) Mining - Germany 622(430).341.1 Mining - Germany — iron ores 24.3.5 In general, it will be seen that the filing order of UDC symbols is that in Which they are displayed in the tables. The exceptions are (j) that the simple number comes between compounds with the stroke and compounds with the colon, and (ji) that square brackets have no inherent filing order. 2.4.4 Citation order 2.4.4.1 When an element of notation is selected as representing an aspect of a document's subject, and is incorporated into a class number for that subject, i is said tobe cited. The orderin which the elements are combined to make a compound number is the citation order (as each element symbolizes a facet of the subject, the oxxiUDC - Volume 1 68 Industries, crafts and trades for finished or assembled articles Pracision mechanisms. Instruments. Horology. Printing teclnolagy. Optical Apparatus. Sound recording and reproduction, Metal work, Furniture industry. Saddlery. Shoemaking etc. Clothing industry. Toys 69 Building (construction) trade. Building materials. Building practice and procedure 7 The arts. Recreation. Entertainment. Sport 71 Physical planning; Regional, town and country planning. Landscapes, parks, gardens 72 Architecture 73 Plastic arts Sculpture, Numismatics, Metal arts 74 Drawing. Design. Applied arts and crafts 75 Painting 76 Graphic arts. Graphics 77 Photography and similar processes 78 Music 79 Recreation. Entertainment. Games. Sport 8 Language. Linguistics. Literature 80 General questions relating to both linguistics and literature. Philology 81 Linguistics and languages 82 Literature [83/89] 9 Geography. Biography. History 10} 902 Archaeology 903 Prehistory. Prehistoric and later remains 904 Cultural remains of historical times 908 Area studies. Study of a locality, 91 Geography. Exploration of the Earth and of individual countries. Travel. Regional geography [92] 929 Biographical and related studies 193] 980 Science of history. Historiography 94 General historyPart 1 Auxiliary tablesSECTION |: COMMON AUXILIARY SIGNS AND SUBDIVISIONS +,/ TABLE 1a. COORDINATION. EXTENSION Filing order. The symbols in Table ta extend rather than restict the meaning of a member, and ‘compounds containing them fie before tho simple number sel. First inthe fling arder comes the number folowed by +..; secondly, the number flowed by /..: tidy, the simple number. Use with bterminal auxitaries. When the plus + and stroke or slash / are used to link auxiliary ‘nurbers with bterminal signs (0. parentheses oF quotstion marks) the resultant compound ‘number is enclosed within a single set of signs, 9 (470*571) Russia. Russian Faderation - not (470}+(571), "19/20" The 20th and 21st centuries - not "19°720" (410)(051) Britain - periodicals (plac - form). (410)(051)'20" Britain - periodicals. 2 eantury (place - form - time), SECTION 1. COORDINATION. ADDITION The coordination sign + (plus) connects two Or more separated (nex-consecutive) UDC numbers, fodenote a compound subject for which no single number exists, €.. (442460) France and Spain (6221669 Mining and metallurgy SECTION 2. CONSECUTIVE EXTENSION The extension sign / (stroke or slash) connects the frst and last of @ series of consecutive UDC ‘numbers to denote a broad subject, or range of concepts, e.g (718) Noth and Central America, and South America. The Americas. 592/589 Systematic zoology (equivalent to 592+593.1/,99 +599). 629.734/.735 Heavier-thaa-air erat, Aeroplanes. (643/645 The home and household equipment (equivalent to 643+644+645), ‘tthe eumbor folowing th stroke is more than free digits lang and begins with a group of digits in ‘common withthe preceding number, it may be abbroviated ty omitting the digits common to both, ‘80 long as the first tom after the stroke 's @ decimal point. Thus, in the third example above, ‘compounded from 829.734 and 629.736, tho group 629 is commen to both and is not repeated: the group .735 following the stroke is coordinate with .734 proceding i. The use ofthe stroke In this way o form a rango-number conceals all the component numbers excep the fist, and the Information so classed fies in only one place in a classified lst. It is therefore inaparopsiate in 62808 where there is @ need to retrieve information from all the component numbers, 8.9. 546.921.35, The more important alkali metals might require separate class entries as flows. 546.32 Potassium, 546.33 Sodium 546.34 Lithium, 546.35 RubidiumSoh SECTION 1. SIMPLE RELATION. ‘The relation sign: colon) Indicates relationship between two or more subjects by connecting thelr UDC numbers. Uniks the plus and stroke (Table 1a), the colon restncts rather than extends the subjects it connects. E.9 17.7 Ethes in elation o art. '341.63(44:450) Arbitration of disputes between France and italy 1628.463:692.758 Refuse collection systems using refuse chutes. When the colon is used to lik auxiliary numbers with biterminal signs (le. parentheses or {quotation marks), the resultant compound number is enclosed win a single set of signs, as in the example (44:450) above SECTION 2. SUBGROUPING. ‘Square brackets [) may be used as a subgrouping device within a complex combination of UOG numbers, in order to clay the relationship of the components. Subgrouping may be needed when a subject denoted by two or mare UDC numbers linked by plus sign, stroke or colon is as @ ‘whole related to another number by colon, or Is modifed by @ common or special auxiliary, e.g. (061.2(100)-{54+66]1UPAC Intemational Union of Pure and Applied Chemisty. [8224569](485) Mining and metallurgy in Sweden. (004.386;621.771.016.3:669.14] Computers in cold-oling mils for steel. "783:[2741278} Protestant church music. SECTION 3. ORDER-FIXING. Tho doublo colon :: may be used fo fx the order of the component numbers in @ compound number, especially when the UDC is used in @ computer-based information system, e 9 061.2(100):[S4+66]1UPAC International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry. 575:876 3 Cytogenetics. 177.044::355.4 War photography TABLE 1b. RELATION. SUBGROUPING. ORDER-FIXINGTABLE 1c. COMMON AUXILIARIES OF LANGUAGE The common auxiliaries of language denote the anguage or linguistic form of a document whose subject is denoted by a main UDC number. Table 10 isthe main place in she UDC tables for enumeration of languages, and sorves as the source forthe subdivision of Class 811 Languages (as subjects of study), Class 621 Literatures of Incividual languages, and (=..) Table 11- Common auaaliaries of ethnic grouping Although in theory the language of any document or item of information may be denoted, in practice itis useful only when there is a noed to distinguish betwoen those in elifferent languages, ‘8g. (0 enable retrieval according to language or to provide a satisfactory fing order. CITATION ORDER. In citation order, the lenguage auxiliary normally comes last itmay, however, be cited medialyor even first n a compound numberifthare is a need to fle documents in order of language rather than subject. necessary, t's separated from the following number by a colon (asin the second example bolow). 0.9. (663,4(493)(075)=112.5 Browing industry in Belgium - textbook - in Flemish. (02.053.2)=111:... Children’s Cooks -in English - subject arrangoment. 13171(02.053.2).. English language works - chitren’s books subject arrangement. MULTILINGUAL DOCUMENTS. Mutiingual documents may be denoted by =00 or by the auuiiaies ofthe Individual languages in ascending numeric order, ©. Murtlingual handbook of physics. 3.1 Handbook of physics in Engish, French and German ‘Systematic table 282 =02 021 12 1122 =..0 ORIGINS AND PERIODS OF LANGUAGE. PHASES OF DEVELOPMENT 103, '06, 107 and ‘09 are not generally applicable, They are reserved for specific applications (0, at Latin, Grook, Hebrew, Egyptian) (01d period, Archaic period =025 ‘Adapted, edited, amended ver Cassia! period = (0.046) Midala period > (0.078) Modem period 30 Translated documents. Transiations 090.194 =1/=9 Denote the sourrs language by =030.1/.9 and the target language directly by =1/=9 © 612030.161.1 Medical documants translated from Russian MULTILINGUAL. POLYGLOT © 61-090.161.12133.1 Medical documents = 812663 transiated from Russian into French (ed > 81974.8-022.218 near other mecical translations from Rustin) o Girisetcoso et Nedcal acunens ORIGINALS OF THEIR ADAPTATIONS ont fom ssn no ere ed near other medical documents in French) Original versions (unadapted, unedited) Revived language Dialects. Local and regional language. Variants ‘and vernaculars "282 = 81282 LANGUAGES (NATURAL AND ARTIFICIAL) NATURAL LANGUAGES INDO-EUROPEAN LANGUAGES Upper German Middle German (Not tobe confused wi Germanic languag High German) English Yiddish (Judeo-German) 9. =111101 Anglo-Saxon (Old English) Low German 9 =111°08 Midle English Piattdeutsch (Low German’ In the narrower English basod pidgins and creoles sense) ‘Specify by (4/8) fr geographical region and’ =41.4 Frsion ‘or by name (alphabetic extension - Table th) =1425 Dutch (Flemish in Belgium and north-eastern Other West Germanic languages German (High German, Standard writen German) © =112.204 Middle High German (c.10th-14th century) France) Dutch-based pidgins and creoles ‘Specify by 4/9) for goographial region and/or by name (alphabetic extension - Table 1h)Table 1¢. Common auxiliaries of language Atkaans North Germanic (Nordie) languages Oid Norse. If profered, Old Norse may be classed at 211301 Faerosse leetandic Danish Norwegian kml. Riksmal Landsmal. Nynorsk Samnorsk Swedish East Germanic languags ‘Burgundian Ostrogothic Visigathic Italic languages Umbro-Sabellian (Osco-Umbrian) languages scan Sabellic. Umbsan Volacian ther Umbro-Sabelian languages Faliscan Latin 9 #12801 Old Laun © =126'02 Classical Latin © =126'03 Vulgar Latin © =126'04 Mediaeval Latin 0 =124'08 Modern Latin (e.9 for scientific ‘nemenclature) Romance languages Italo-Romance languages italian Sardiaian Nalkian (Judeo-tallan) Rhaeto-Romance languages. Friulian Ladin Romansch Galle-Romance languages French © =¥88:101 Old French 9 =133.1193 Anglo-Norman Fronch-based pidgins and creotes ‘Specify by (48) for geographical region andior by name (alphabetic extension - Tabve 1”) Provengal. Occitan Corsican Ibero-Romance languages Catalan Spanist Jude2no (Judeo-Spanish, Ladino) Portuguese Portuguese-based pidgins and creoies ‘Specily by (4/9) for geographical region and/or by name alphabetic extension - Table 1h) Gatlegan (Galician) Balkan Romance languages Romanian Moldavian” Dalmatian (Veglcte) Lingua Franca (Sabir) Greek (Hellenic) =14102 Classical Greek © =1403 Koine (New Testament Greek) © =14'04 Byzantine Graok © =14'06 Modem Greok Katharevousa Dhimotki (emote) Yevanic Judeo-Greck) Celtic languages Gauiish Goidelle group ish Scots Gaclic Marx (Other Goicslc languages Brythonic group Welsh Breton Comish Other Brythonic languages Slavic languages East Slavic languages Russian Ukrainian Byelorussian (White Russian) West Slavic languages Palsh Polabian czech Slovak Sorbian (Lusatian, Wendish) Upper Sorbian Lower Sorbian South Slavic languages. (O16 Chureh Stevie Bulgarian Macedonian Serbo-Croatian Serbian Sroatian Slovenian Baltic languages (lg Prussian Lithuanian rsh (Curonian) Latvian (Letish) Albanian ‘Armenian INDO-IRANIAN LANGUAGES, Indic languag Sanskrit © =211'01 Vedic Pali Praket ‘Archamagadhi Avant Meharashir Magachi Saurase Modern Indic languages Dardic group Chitral Kashmir Kehistant KurarTable 1¢. Common auxiliaries of language 222/223 222.4 2222.18 3222.2 "2223 22224 Pasnai Sina Central group Hindustani (Hind-Urdu complex) Hin Urdu Banjuri Bhi Gujarati Khandesi Punjabi Panjabi) Rojastnani Marwari (Merwari) Eastern group ‘Assamese Bengali (Bangla) Bia Bhojoun Magahi Maith Khosali (East Mindi) ‘Awadhi (Chhattisgarh Marathi Konkani (Gomantaki) Oriya Norther group Garhwalh, Kumauni Nepali Paha (Himachali) North-western group Lahnda Sindhi Romany (Gipsy) ‘Singhalose-Maldivian group (Sinhala) Iranian languages Eastern Iranian languages Northern group Alanie Khotanese (Saka) Khwarizmian Parthian Sarmatian Seythian Sogdian Ossetie Yaghnobi amir (Ghalchah) group Pashto (Pushlo) ‘Shugni (Khugni) Waki Cental group Oxmuri Parachi Western iranian languages Persian © =222.1'01 Avestan © =202.1106 Farsi Judeo-Persian Bakhilari Baluchi Gilaki Kurdish unt Mazancerani “oj (Taezhiy Talysh Tat ‘ther West Iranian languages Nuristani (Kafiri) Dead Indo-European languages (not listed elsewhere) Prestalic languages Lepontic Ligurian Rastc Sica! Venatc Irian Messapian Other pretalctanguages Anatolian languages Hite Lowen Polaie Lydian Tocharian DEAD LANGUAGES OF UNKNOWN AFFILIATION, SPOKEN IN THE MEDITERRANEAN AND NEAR EAST (EXCEPT SEMITIC) Sumerian Elamite Kassite (Cossaean) attic Hurran Urartaean (Chai, Kaldic) Carian Lyconian Etruscan Iberian Other dead languages of the Mediterranes ‘and Near East, CAUCASIAN LANGUAGES North-eastern group ‘Avar-And/-Dido subgroup And ‘var Dido Other languages of the Avar-And-Dido ‘subgroup Lak-Dargwa subgroup Lak Dargua Lezghian (Samur) subgroup gui Lezghian Rutut Tsakhor Other Lezghian languages Vejnakh subgroup Bats Chechen Ingush North-western group AbasaTable 1c. Common auxiliaries of language 241.188 at 16 PatATI2 4101743 AAT 411.172 att t72 =a14.1722 Pa1t1723 ‘Abkhazian Circassian (Adyghe) ‘Souther (Kartvelian) group Georgian Zan Laz (Chan) Mingreian Other Caucasian languages Basque (Euskera, Euskara) Burushaski AFRO-ASIATIC (HAMITO-SEMITIC) LANGUAGES ‘Semitic languages North Semitic languages Akkadian Babylonian Assyrian ‘Amorta Ebialte Usaritic Canaanite Moabite Phoenician Punic Hebrew © =411.1602 Biblical Hebrew 9 2411/1603 Mishnaic 9 =411.18°04 Mediaeval Hebrew. Rabbinic ©. =411.1605 Modem Hebrew Aramaic West Aramaic Palestinian Aramaic © =411.171.1102 Biblical Aramaic 0 =411:171.1103 Galilean Aramaic (language of Jerusalem Talmud and Targumim) Nabataoan Paimyrene ‘Samaritan East Aramaic ‘Babylonian Aramaic (language of the ‘Babylonian Talmud and Targumim) Mandaean Syriac (0. =411.172:302 Classical Syriac (© =411.172.3106 Modern Syriac (‘Assyrian’) ‘Southowest Semitic languages Arable © =414.2702 Classical Arable © =441.21'06 Modem (‘Standard’) Arabic Maltese ‘Arabic-based pidgine ‘Specify by (48) for geographical region andior by name (alphabetic extension = Table 1h) South-east Semitic languages Hadhrami Himyarte Minaean Sabasan “Mar-Sokotri (Modern South Arabic) Ethlo-Semitlc languages ‘Amharic Ge'ez Gurage Tigre Tigrinya Other Ethio-Semitc languages Egyptian-Coptic 97241201 Ord Egyptian © =417°04 Midcle Egyptian © =81208 New Egyptian © =41207 Late Egyptian (Dematic) © =41209 Coptic Berber languages ‘Tamazight-Riff-Kabyle group Kabyle Tuareg Zenaga Zenati group (Other Berber languages Chadic languages East Chadic languages Bata-Tora group Bata subgroup ura subgroup Margi Higi subgroup Tera subgroup Daba-Gisga-Matakam group aba subgroup Gisiga-Malakam subgroup Mandara group Other East Chasie languages West Chadic (Plateau-Sahel) languages Bana group Bolewa-Plateau group Bolewa subgroup Plateau subgroup Ron subgroup Hausa group Hausa Kotoko group Musou NNoizim group Sahel group Sokoro subgroup ‘Somrai subgroup Tuburi Warjawa-Gesawa group (Other West Chacic languages Cushitic languages Northern Cushitie group Beja Central Cushitic group (Agau) Eastern Cushitle group Highland group Derasa Hadaiya Sidamo Lowland group ‘Afar-Saho group Gala (Afan. Oromo) Somali Southern Cushitic group Irakw ‘Omotic languages Eastorn Omotic languages ‘Ari-Banna branch ‘Western Omotie languages Gimolan groupTable 1c. Common auxiliaries of language 2416211 Welamo Gonga group Majed group ‘Other Omotic languages. Other Afro-Asiatic languages NILO-SAHARAN LANGUAGES Songhai Saharan branch Kanu Tebu (Tubu) Toda Zaghawa Maban branch Masalit Fur Koman Chari-Nile branch Berta group Eastern Sudanlc languages Meroito Diginga-Murle (Surma) group Daju group Nubian group ‘Nyimeng group Tama group Tomein group Teuso Other Eastern Sudanic languages Central Sudanic langue Bagirmi group Bongo group Kara group Lend Mangbetu group Mangbutu-Ete group Moru-Ma‘ai group Lugbara (Logbara, Ma'acl) Mons Sara group Gambal ‘Other Central Sudanie tanguagos Wostern Nilotic languages wo group Acholl ‘dhol ‘Aur Anuak Lango Luo shilluk Dinka-Nuer group Dinka’ Nuer ‘Mabaan group ‘Other Western Nilotic languages. Eastern Nilotic (Nilo-Hamitic) languages Bai Masai ‘Teso subgroup Lotuko Teso Turkana Other Eastern Niltic languages Souther Nilotic languages Nandi (Kipsikis) Pokct (Suk) 4322 343221 2432211 2432.3 =432.311 =432.321 Other Nilo-Saharan languages CONGO-KORDOFANIAN (NIGER-KORDOFANIAN) LANGUAGES Kordofanian languages Kalla group Koalb group Talogi group ‘Tegal group ‘Tumtum (Kadugl-Krongo) group Niger-Congo languages Senegalo-Guinean (West Atlantic) languages Norther group Balenta Diola (Jota) Fua(Fulani) Manjaku Serer Wolot Souther group Bullom kiss! Limba Temne (Timne) Other Senegelo-Guinean languages Mande (Mali) languages North-western group Mendeken Bambara Dyula Malinka (Mandingo) Soninke Susu Vai ‘South-westem group Kpelle Loma Mende ‘Souther group Dan Kweni Mano Southeastern group Bisa Buse ‘Samo Other Mande languages Gur (Vottalc) languages Bargu ‘Bobo (Boom) group Grusi group Kabrs Kasem Moré-Gurma group Dagbani Gurma Moré Nankani (Gurenne) Kiema-Tyurama obi group Lob) Sento group ‘Suppie-Mianka subgroup Tagbana-Dyimini subgroup Other Gur languages Kwa languages ‘Akan (Twi-Fante; Volta-Comoe) group Guang subgroup Ona subgroupTable 1c. Common auxili ries of language 492.511 2432512 2432513 3432518 7432515 2432719 432.7 243271 2432711 4927114 na =432.8/.9 Igbo (Ibo) group = : ‘Adamawa-Eastern languages ‘Adamawa branch Boa group Chamba group Daka group Duru group ‘Jen group, Mourn group Mundang Mumuye aroup Yungur group (ther Adamawa languages Eastem branch 432.8353 Banda 432.836 Goaya-Ngbaka-Manza group 92.897 Mayogo group 32.838 Mea group 432.899 Ndoge-Feroge group 2432881 Ngbandi group 202040.1 Sangho (Sango) 432.8412 Zande group Other Easter languages Benue-Congo languages Bantold languages Bane languages Ekoid group Ekajuk Grasslands groups Bamun Bamileke subgroup Jarawan group Mamfe group Misaje group kar group, ther Bane Bantoid languages 'Non-Bantu Bantoi languages Mambile-Wute group Tiv-Batu group Tw Cross-River languages endl (Bok-Ebekwara) group Delta-Cross group fk Ogoni JJukunoid group Plateau Benue-Congo languages Other Bantod languages (except Bantu) Bantu languages The arrangement of Bantu languages is based on the distribution into iteon zones givon in‘ consolidated classification of the Bantu languages’ by A.T. Cope, African Studios 30, 1971 pp. 213-236 Bata group Bassa group Bube-Benga group Duala group Kaka group Lundu-Balong group ‘Maka-Njem group ‘Sanaga group Yaunde-Fang group Buu Ewondo (Yaunde) Fang Kele (Kota) group Moete group Myene group, Nabi group Shira-Punu group ‘eke group TTende-Yanzi group ‘Ts0go group Bangi-Ntumba group Ngala Kuba group Losengo group Lingala (Mangala) Mboshi group Mongo’Nkundu group Monge Ngandu Neunau Ngombe group Ngundi (Pande) group ‘Soko-Kele group Tetela group Bembe-Kabwarl group Bombe Hunde Bica-Huku group Konjo (Nande) group Lega-Kalanga group Mbole-Ena group Ruanda-Rundi group Ha Ruanda (Rwandese) Rundi (Barundi) ‘Chaga (Shaka) group Haye-Jta group Haya site ‘ikuyu-Kamba group Emo Kamba Kikuyu Meru 10Table 1c. Common auxiliaries of language =492.856.1 =432.856.3 1=432.875.2 32.876 22.881 32.882 432914 432.915 432.918 92.918.1 932.9182 192.921 32.922 432.9221 432.923, =432.923.1 32.924 492.925, 432.9281 432.9252 =432.928 3432.926.1 Masata-Luhya group Luhya Nyore Nyka-Taita group Pokomne ‘Tita (Dabida) ‘Nyoro-Ganda group Chiga Genda Lugwere Nyankole Nyoro Soga Toro RagolKuria group Gusi Kura Ragoll (Logoot) NNamba-lrangi (Namba) group Sukuma-Nyamwezi group Nyamwezi Sukuma Tongue group Bena-Kinga (Hehe) group Kisi Gogo group Pogolo group Shambala group Asu Shambale Swahili group Ngwana ‘Swahit Zigule-Zaramo group Kongo group ‘bala group Mbundu group Yaka group Chokwe-Luchazi group Luchazi Lewene (Luvale) Lozi group Luyana group Mashi Subiya group Kaonde group Luba group Luba-Lulus Lunda group Lunda LLuwunda (Ruund) Nkoya group Pende group ‘Songe group Mbala ‘Songe ‘Bemba group Biea-Lamba group Lamba Fipa-Mambwe group Mambwe Konde (Nyakyusa) LLenje-Tonga (a) group le 3511.132 s511.14 Tonge yn Satva group ante Nvanae 3 Nya 14.151 Nand group sitisa 25111821 =511.1522 Nyanja (Chewa) group Senga-Sena (Nsenga) group Tumbuka group Makua group Matumbi (Nginco) group Yao group Herero Ndonga group Kuanyama Neonga Umbundu group Mbundu Nyaneka Yeye CChopi group Nguni group Ndebele (Tabete) ‘Swazi (Siswat) Xhosa Zulu ‘Shona group Shanga Stona Sotho-Tewana group Northern Sotho Southarn Sotho (Sesotho) Tswana ‘Tswa-Ronga (Tsonga) group Ronga Tsonga Towa Venda group Other Bantu languages KHOISAN LANGUAGES Northern Bushman (Bush-A) languages ‘Auen (Aukwe) xu (Kung) ‘Southern Bushman languages Taa group (Bush-B) |W group (Bush-C) Hottentot (Khwe-Kovab, Central Kholsan) languages. Nama group “Tshu-Khwe group Sandawe Other Kholsan languages URAL“ALTAIC LANGUAGES Urallc languages ‘nno-Ugric languages Finnic languages Finnish Karelian Estonian LUvonian Vepsian Votian Ingrian (Izhorian) Lappie Pormic languages Votyak (Udmurt) 2yrian (Komi) pric languages Hungarian Ostyak Vogul (Mansi) Volgale languages Cheremis Moravin Ereye Moksha "Table 1c. Common auxiliaries of language ‘Samoyedic languages Ostyak Samoyed (Solkup) ‘Sayan Samoyed Tavgy Samoyed Yenissei Samoyed ‘Yurak Samoyed Altaic languages: “Turkic languages Chuvash Central group Karakalpak Kazakh Nogai Eastern (Kartuk) group Kroton Uighur Uzbek Westem group Bashkie Karachay karate Kumyk Tater Northern group, Alta Chulym Khakas (Abakan) Kirghiz ‘Shor Tuva (Soyon) ‘Yakut (Sakha) Southern group Turkish (Osman) Azerbalani hala) Turamen Gagauz Other Turkic languages ‘Tungus languages Nortnern group Even (Lamut) Evens Manegir Negidal Orochon Solon Southern group Nana) subgroup Akani Birar Gola ile (Kire) Oteha rok Samagir Udine subgroup Uaine Oroch Manchu subgroup Manchu sjuschen Mongolian languages Buryat Dagur hatha Khorchin Mongour Mongul Oieat (Kalmyk) Ordos Pao-an Japanese ikaramojong Korean Ainu PALAEO-SIBERIAN LANGUAGES Chukchi-Kamtchatkan languages Chukchi Kamchadal Yukaghir ESKIMO-ALEUT LANGUAGES Aleut Inuit (Inupiak) Greenlandic (Kalaalisut) Yupik Other Eskimo languages DRAVIDIAN LANGUAGES, Northern branch Brahui Kurukh (Oraon) Malto (Sauria) Central branch Gada (olan) Gonai Kolami Konda Koya Kui (Khond) Kuwi Manda Naik ari (Ohurva, Tagara) Pengo Telugu Tuu Southern branch Kannada (Konoess) Kodagu kote Wak am Toda SINO-TIBETAN LANGUAGES Chinose languages Mandarin (Rua rea, Norther Chinese) Cantonees(YUen) Hakka Hsiang Kan (Nan Ch'ang) Mla Pot Norte i) Win Man (Seutern Mn) Taiwanese wo (thor Chinese languages Kam-Tai languages Kadal group— u KamSul groupTable 1c. Common auxiliaries of language 584.223, 504.224 50455 504.51 84.511 2504512 "504.513 84.52 3584.63 384 54 2504.55 804.554 5046 84.61 6h 62 35047 Tal languages: Central Tai (Nung-Tho) languages Northern Tai (Diol; Chung-Chia) languages ‘South-western Tai (TakShan) languages Lao (Laotian) rr Shan Thal (Siamese) Tho Yuan Miao-Yao languages Laka Miao Mien (Ya0) Punu ‘Tibeto-Burman languages Bodo-Naga-Chin languages Bodo (Boro) Garo ‘Naga (Tangsa) group Lepcha Tangsa ‘Kachin (Ching Pe'o) ‘Nung Rawang Burmese-Lolo languag: Burmese Lolo-Moso group ‘Aka Lahw isu Lolo Nosu Gyarung-Mishmi (Himalayan) languages {Adi (Abor-Mir) Newar Karen languages Pho (Pwo) Sgaw Taungthu (Pa'o) Naga-Kuki-chin languag Chin languages: Lushai Paite (Vule) Thado Kuki Lakher ‘Manipur (Mettne) Naga Mier Tibetan (Bhotia) © =584,6102 Classical Tibetan Central Tibetan West Tibatan Dzorgale (Ch'tang) ‘AUSTRO-ASIATIC LANGUAGES Malacca (Astian) group aku Sakai Semang ‘Mon-Khmer languages Bahnaric Koho Katule Knast 021.4 21.11 21.12 6212 21.21 621.211 24.212 21.2124 24.212.11 621.212 12 24.2122 21.2123 5621.212.31 621.215.31 621.215.32 621.218.352.1 621.216.3822 621.216, ‘Cambodian (Khmer) Khmuie Mon Palaung-Wa (Salween) wa Pearic Viet-ttuong languages Vietnamese Muong (Otner Mon-Khmer languages Munda languages Gorum (Pareng) Mundari-Ho Ho Santali Sora Other Munda languages, Nicobarese group AUSTRONESIAN LANGUAGES. ‘Malayo-Polynesian languages Formosan group ‘Atayalic group Paiwanie group Hesperonesian group Phitippine group Bilaan Cordileran group Banagie group Gadaang ‘bane Mugao group Igorot group Bontoc ocano Kankanay Kalinga group Maguindanao Tausug (Sulu) Pangansinan Other Cordileran languages Maranao group Murutc group Sule group Bukianic Dibabaic (Manobo) Mesophiippine languages Biko! Hanunoic group lrayie group Mansakic group Tagalle group Tagalog (Filipino) Bisayan (Visayan) group Cebuano Honggo (Hiligaynon) Waray (Samaron) Palawanie Pampango Chamorra 13=... Table 1c. Common auxiliaries of language 621217 =621.246.1 76242462 7621.25 =621.251 621.252 2621.252.1 26212522 762.2523, 7621.2524 76212525, 76212526 76212527 621 252.8 76212529 "621.253 7621253.1 621.2532 76212533 621.258 =621.256.1 76212542 621.255 =621.255.1 76212562 621.2562 76212563, 7621.256.4 2621-258 7021-259 621.3 621.31 621.32 Palauan Gorontalo group (ther Philippine languages Norther Sulawes! (Celebes) group Minhasa (Ton) group TTomini group Central Sulawes! group Bungku-Lakl-Mori group Mori Loinang-Banggal group ‘Toradia group Bae Southern Sulawesi group Buginese Makasarese Mandarese ‘Muna-Butung group Butung Muna ‘West Indonesian languages Malay (Bahasa Indonesia; Bahasa Malaysia) Sumatran langueges. ‘Achinese Balak Gayo Lampung Luby Minangkabau Redjang Toba ther Sumatran languages Javanese languages ‘lavanese ‘9 =821.253.1101 Kawi Madurese Sundanese Balinese languages Balinese Basak Borneo languages Land Dayak Sea Dayak (Iban) Maanyan (Ousun) Other Borneo languages Malayo-Polynesian languages of Indochina Gham Gheu (Kru) Jarai Rage Malagasy Other West Indonesian languages Enst Indonesian languages “Ambon-Timar gtoup Bima-Sumba group Sula-Batjan group Moluecan languages Biakic (Numfor) Oceanic languages Micronesian languages Gilberiese Kusaie Marshallese Nauru Ponape Truk Yop North-east New Guinean languages Papua Austronesian Solomons languages New Hebrides languages New Caledonian languages Eastorn Oceanic languages Melanesian languages Fijian Polmesian languages Nuctear group. Easter Island Hawaiian Maon Marquesan Rarotongan Tahitian “Tuamotuan Other Nuclear group languages ‘Samole-Outler group Samoan Other languages belonging tothe ‘Samoie-Outier group TTongie aroup ‘Tongan (Uveen) Niuean ‘Other Oceanic languages INDO-PACIFIC (NON-AUSTRONESIAN) LANGUAGES ‘Andamanese Timorese New Guinean (Papuan) languages Central New Guinean languages Hiri Motu Police Motu) Highlands Guinean languages ‘Southern New Guinean languages ‘South-eastern New Guinean languages Northern New Guinean languages Huon Finisterre languages North-eastern New Guinean (Madang) Western New Gulnean languages Bougai Other languages spoken in Central Melanesia Tasmanian Other Indo-Pacific languages AUSTRALIAN LANGUAGES Pama-Maric group Pama-Nyungan group Other Australian languages AMERICAN INDIAN (AMERINDIAN) LANGUAGES NORTH-AMERICAN INDIAN LANGUAGES Athapaskan-Eyak languages ‘pacts Cariar Cheatin Chipewyan Dogri (Hare) Hupa Navajo Sekani Tanana Haida illean 4Table 1c. Common auxiliaries of language 2824165 821.166 Tingit (Other Athapaskan languages Algonquian languages Arapaho Blackfoot (Siksixa) Cheyenne Cree Delaware Fox Menominee Micmac Mohegan Naskapi Ojibwa Passamaquoddy Penobscot Potawatomi Shawnee Kutenat Muskogean languages ‘Alabama Choctaw (Chickasaw) Fitch Koasati Muskogee (Creek, Seminole) Caddoan languages Cacdo Pawnee Wichita lroquols languages Cherokes Mohawk Oneida ‘Seneca Tuscarora Dakota (Assiniboine) Dhegiha Hiatsa Osage Winnebago Hokan languages Tequistatecan (Crontal) ‘Tiapanecan Washo ‘Yuman (Other Hokan languages Penutian languages ‘Araucenian Chinook Chipayan Huave Maida Mayan langueges hot Chontal hort! Chujean Husstecan Jacaltec Kanjobelan Kekchi ba Mamean Maya 021.174 Quichéan languages Cakchiquel Pokomam Pokonchi Quiens ‘Teun Uspantec Teelal Tzot2l Miwok Sahaptin-Nez- ‘otonacan Tsimshian Zogue languages Mixe Zoque “Zuni (Other Penutian languages ero Aztec-Tanoan languages ‘Tanoan languages Kiowa Towa Twa Towa Uto-Aztecan languages ‘Aztec (Nahuat) Hopi ‘Numic (Plateau Shoshonian) languages Paiute ‘Shoshoni ‘Sonoran languages Cora Huichola Pema “Tarahumara Yaqui ‘Takic (South Calfomian Shoshonlan) languages Luiseno (Other Uto-Aztecan languages | Oto-Manguean languages ‘Amuzgo Chinantee ‘tomian languages Matlatzinca Mazahua Otomi Pame Popolocan (Olmecan) languages Mazatec Popoloc Zapotecan Salish languages Kalispel Lillooet Nikutamuk ‘Okanogan Shuswap Other Salish languages Tarascan 18Table 1c. Common auxiliaries of language Wakashan languages Kwakiutlan Nootkan (Other North-American Indian languages CENTRAL AND SOUTH AMERICAN INDIAN LANGUAGES. Ge-Pano-Carib languages Macro-Carlb languages Carib Witotoan (Huitotoan) Other Macro-Cantb languages Macro-Ge-Bororo languages Boraro Macre-Ge languages Canals Ge ther Macro-Ge-Borore languages Macro-Panoan languages Mataco Pano-Tacana languages Pano Ta Moseten (Other Macro-Panoan languages Nambicuara Other Ge-Pano- rib langua Macro-Chibchan languages Cchibchan Misumalpan Paczan languages Barbacoan Choco siraran Paez-Coconuco (Inler-Andine) Walcan (Other Macro-Chibchan languages Andean-Equatorial languages ‘Andean languages Canwapanan Quechumaran Aymara Quechua ‘Other Quechumaran languages ‘Other Andean languages Equatorial languages ‘Acawakan languages CChapacura-Wanhaman Maipuran (ther Arawakan languages 29.2 29.3 Guahiban Salvan ‘Tupi-Guaran languages Guarani Tupi Jivaroan Macro-Tucanoan languages Catuguina Tucanoan ‘Other Macro-Tucanoan languages Other Andean-Equatorial languages Other Central and South Amer Indian languages. ARTIFICIAL LANGUAGES ARTIFICIAL LANGUAGES FOR USE (AMONG HUMAN BEINGS. INTERNATIONAL AUXILIARY LANGUAGES (INTERLANGUAGES) Volapiik (designed by Schleyer) Esperanto (designed by Zamenhof) ‘Systems derived from Volapiik or Esperanto. o Ido Langue bleue (designed by Bollack) Intertingue (Occidental) Intertingua (designed by Gode) Varlous a priori, eclectic and a Posteriori systems ‘Speaity by alphabetic extension A pri pilasophical systems based on logical Classification of ideas (using numbers, laters and other signs). © Pasigraphie. Ao. Ro Eclectic, mixed systems (with rationalized grammar). © Pastingua, Dipak. Langue Universalle ‘A posterior systems (chiefly based on natural languages). 0 Affnil. Basic English. Interingua (simplified Latin, designed by Peano). Mundolingua, Neo, Novial ARTIFICIAL LANGUAGES USED TO INSTRUCT MACHINES. PROGRAMMING LANGUAGES. COMPUTER LANGUAGES ‘Use only whan it is desired to denote tho Tanguage in which the document being classed (e.g. a computer pregram) is writen, Specityby alphabetic extension 9 004.912593C++ Wore-processing program weiten in C++ + 00443 004.655 16(0...) TABLE 1d. COMMON AUXILIARIES OF FORM ‘SCOPE. The common auxiliaries of form denote the form or presentation of documents. They are ‘not used to denote the subject matter of documents. Literary forms (poetry, plays, fiction etc.) are classed under 82-119, Kinds of form not listed in Table 14 may be denoted by (0: €.9 £929(0:82-31) Biography presented in novel form CITATION ORDER. These ouxilaries are normally used following a subject notation, but, i desired, all documents of the same form of presentation (or their surrogates) may be grouped togother under the appropriato form auxilay, 6.9. '54(035) Handbooks of chemistry 54038) Dictionaries of chemistry (fled beside other works on chemistry) (038)54 Dictionaries of chemistry (fled beside other dictionaries) (054) Newspapers (of al kinds). (04)(44) Fronch newspapers (085.6)686.53 Price ists of camping equipment (fied beside other price ists. INNER AND OUTER FORM. Whore more than one form aspect isto be expressed, distinction should be made between inner form, where the form influences the subject (0.9. historical presentation) and outer form, which expresses only the physical characteristics of the Information camior (e.g. a sound recording). Regardless of numerical order, nner form should occur next fo the subject before outer form is expressed, 6.9. 792+82-21(091)(086.7) A spoken-word history ofthe theatre (subject - historical frm sound recording) Systematic table 10. ) (0.02) (0.021) (0.023.2) (0.0213) (o.ozta) (o.021.8) (o.ozt.a) (0.022) (0.02.2) (0.022.3) (0.0228) (0.0225) (0.0227) (0022.8) (0023) (0.023.562) fooza) (0.0243) (ooza.s) (0024.7) (0.028) (0.025.2) PHYSICAL FEATURES, PRODUCTION (0.025.4) Unillustrated documents: AND USE CHARACTERISTICS, (0.028), Documents according to thir binging SUPPLEMENTARY MATTER. ETC. (08262) Basaran wid cov Bod: Cee Used a speci uri mn ine form (p02) Sau. alched, stapled documens, Brochures Darter fom of document Ie concomed (0.0268) Looseeaf documents © (038.021.6) Miniature dictionaries, (0.027) ‘Kind of ection @ (0021.8) Miniature documents (general) 00272) Standard ations 0.0273) Popular editone Documents according to physical, = (0.082) external form (0.0075) Paperback editions Documents according to scape and sie (0.027) De xe editons, Fine edtons.Colctor Large documents. Comprehensive documents Dookiovers'ections adiumsized documents 009 Sal documents. Concise documents (0.027) Unauthorized eatons.Prated editions Minature editions (0.028) Defective documents Document th spoil format (0.0281) incomplete documents. Copies wth missing Documents according to clour and pages transparency (0.0283) Damaged documents One otour documents (0.0285) acaments wih printing detects, misprints, Black-and-wite documents errata ot. “wo-clour documents (other than (0028.7) ‘Forged documents. Fake documents black nd- unite) (0.029) Documents with oer physical eatres Mutenour documents {0.020.1) Blane books. Albums “Transparent documents = 606.62 Opaque documents (0.0282) Gummed documents. © Labels Documents according o their materia {0.028.} Mounted, pastedn documents (evbstance) (0.025) »-03 (0.03) Documents according to method of Documents on processed leather, parent production Documents according tothe spat (0.002) Hanguriten documents (autograph hlooraph impression copies), Mauser. Peoria! documents (086.4) (erovings, paintings) Documents vith stereo impression (0.008) Sypecetna rites. © Outpt fom anegyphs typewriter, tleprintr text processor tne ‘Documents wth perspective impression printer computer ermial et ‘Documents wth panoramic impression (0.004) Machie-readabe documents Documents according to iutraton {0.004:1) Perforated medi. © Punched cards, Punched Iustated documents tape 17(0...) Table 14. Common auxiliaries of form (0.034.2) (0.094.4) (0.034.42) (o.034.44) (0.035) (0.036.1) (0.036.2) (0.035 22) (0.035.23) (0.035.24) (0.095.3) (0.036.8) (0.036) (0.036.2) (0.036.¢) (0.036.8) (0.038) (0.04) (o.0e1) (0.041.2) (0.081.4) (0.0818) (o.042) (0.048) fo.04s) fo.048) (0.046.2) (0.046.3) (o.046.2) (0.046.6) (0.05) (0.083.2) (0.085.2) (0.08) Digital documents ‘Specily type of document by adding fle suffix and by combination vith (084..) © (0.034.2086.122A2) Digital auciovisuat documents. Software animation fles © (0.0342:086.122FLA) Flash (online Animation package using vector graphics) © (0.034.2:086.122PPT) Power Point documents © (0.084.242) Primaniy textual cigitl documents © (0.034.200) Word document © (0.034 2HTML) Hypertext Markup Language © (0.034 2:084.12AZ) Digital stil photographs (images) © (0.034.2:084.128MP) Bitmap image © (0.034.2:084 12GIF) Graphic interchange Format © (0.034.2:086.122A2) Digital audio-visual documents © (0.034.2:084,122¢PEG) Moving Pictures Expert Group © (0.034.2:084.122Av1) Audio-Visual Interface © (0.034.2:086.7A/z) Digital eudio documents © (0.034.2:086.7MP3) MPEG-1 Audio Layer-3 © (0.034.2:086.7WAV) Windows sound file + 004.22 Magnetic and optical media Magnetic media. © Magnetic tape. Magnetic disk. Diskette (Noppy disk) Optical media. © CD (compact isc) Copias. Reproductions. Duplicated documents Enlarged copies Reduced copies. Microcopies ‘Transparent, stip-orm, Microfi ‘Transparent, page-form, Microfiche Microcard. Micro-opaque Photocopies. © Diazo, xerographic, electrographic copies ‘Mimeogrephed, haciographed and similar copies Printed documents » (0.033) Printed prools. © Galley proofs. Page proofs Preprints Ofiprints (separates) Mult-part, multvolume works Documents according to stage of production Drafts. Preliminary sketches, outines First drafts Revised drafts, Revisions Final drafts Temporary, provisional, interim documents First (published) editions. Edtiones principes Reprinted estions. Reprints. New impressions Revised editions. New editions Corrected editions Extended, expanced, supplemented ecitions Abridged editions ‘Adapted editions Documents for particular kinds of user (0.05) =-05 = 0872 0875 Documents for chitsren © (02.083.2) Chidren's books Documents for women © (051.055.2) Women's magazines “Documents according to level of presentation, and availability (0.062) (0.063) (0.064) (0.067) (0.087.2) (0.087.8) (0.0878) (0.068) (0.07) (a.o72) (oorsy (a.076) (aora) (0.08) (01) (02) (03) (031) (035) (036) (038) Low-level, elementary, popular exposition > (0.027 3) 3 (075.2) Intermaciat, average-tovel exposition High-level, advanced exposition + (038) + (075.8) Documents of limited or special availabilty, distribution andlor storage. Documents as ‘grey iterature Classified (confidential or secret) documents Banned documents Documents for intemal use only Rare documents. Unique documents, Sole ‘extant copies. Unica + 094.2 ‘Supplementary matter issued with a document Explanatory matter. 0 Commentaries, ‘Amplifcations. Annotations Critical apparatus = (048.2) Amendments. Addenda. Postscripts Corrections. Errata. Corigenda ‘Supplementary enclosures. Appendixes. Annexes ‘Separately issued supplements or parts of documents 0.08) 3 0.07) BIBLIOGRAPHIES = (048) > 016 BOOKS IN GENERAL ‘Comprehensive placing for al documents in ‘book form that cannot be classed moro specfcaly under (03)/(09) REFERENCE WORKS ‘A BOOKS containing information on @ ‘numberof diferent subjects or on the totaly of knowledge (whether n alphabetic, systema or other order) ara classed here In (03) or ts subdivisions > (07) = (083) = 030 Encyclopaedias ‘9 (031.021.4) Smal, concise encyclopaedias © (031.038) Mulivolume encyclopaedias Handbooks. Manual ‘Concise reference works covering @ Particular subject or fold of knowledge. For user's manus (directions for the use of ‘equipment, instruments, specialist documents, computer software etc.) use (083.131) + (076) Guidebooks (with practical and descriptive information) Dictionaries. 0 Language dictions Special subject and technical dictionaries Class special subject dictionarios withthe ‘subject, with (038) ©. 84(038)=134.2 Chemisty - dictionary - Spanish © {038)54=134.2 Dictionary - chemistry - Spanish 9, 811.111(038) English - dictionary. 8(0...) Table 1d. Common auxi (04) (041) (042) (0423) (042.4) (012.5) (043) (043.2) (043.3) (043.5) (044) (044.2) (044.3) (044.4) (044.6) (045) (048) (oar) (087.1) (087.2) (087.3) (047.31) (087.32) (047.33) (047.34) (047.36) (047.5) (047.53) (0478) (048) (048.1) (048.2) (048.3) (048,32) Optionally, monelingual general dictionaries ‘may be denoted solely by common auxiliaries © (038)=111 English cictonary Inlinguists, prianty may be given to either the language or the tinguistic feature © 811.185.1'373.421(038) Romanian. synonyms »dlctonary © 81'373.421=195,1(038) Synonyms - Romanian - dictionary = era73 = ara74 NON-SERIAL SEPARATES. SEPARATA = 824 Pamphlets. Brochures Addresses. Lectures. Speeches > (07) Lectures Lecture courses Speeches. Orations 825 ‘Theses. Dissertations “Theses. Academic theses Dissertations Inaugural dissertations (academic) Personal documents. Correspondence. Letters. Circulars 3 826 82.94 = 929 Personal letters, Private correspondence (Other personal documents, O Expressions of wish (silar to wil but rot legally bincing) 3 347.69 Business letters, Official correspondence ‘ireular laters Aniicles in serials, collections ete. Contributions. > (05) = (08) Newspaper articles. Reports. Notices. Bulletins = (055) Progress reports. Situation reports ‘Travel reports. Reports of trips (businoss,siudy trips etc.) ‘Special reports Research reports. Reports of ess, ‘experiments, projects ot. + (083.84) Management and administrative reports ports on accidents, damage and teconstruction works Reports on production, technical processes ‘Trade repor's. Marketing reports Ropors for the press. Press releases, hand-outs. Communiques Interviews Brief reports, notices, News items, Press cuttings Bibliographic descriptions. Abstracts. ‘Summaries. Surveys = (0%) Bibliograpnic descriptions ‘Annotations Abstracts Incieative abstracts (giving scape and content) (048,34) (048.4) (048.8) (048.62) (048.83) (048.84) (048.85) (049) (049.1) 049.2) (049.3 (049,32) (049.4) (049.5) (05) (051) (054) (095) (058) (058.7) (059) (059.2) (059.3) (08) (062) (062.13) (062.21) (062.532) (062.533) (062.534) (062,536) (062.537) Informative abstracts (summarizing arguments, Conclusions) ‘Summaries | ‘Surveys. Compilations of information from several primary documents Uncritical surveys, Pure compilation Critical surveys, Evaluative surveys Analylico-synthetic surveys Factual surveys. Fact documentation Predictve, prospective surveys Other non-serial separates Notifications. Announcements, Proclamations, Manifestos Polemics. Disputations. Controversies. Diatibes, Jusiations. Vindications Rojoinders. Apologias Declarations of opinion, © Advice. Hints, Critiques. Appreciations Ciitical reviews Petitions. Requests. Applications Questionnaires. Inquiries. Opinion pols. Referenda SERIAL PUBLICATIONS. PERIODICALS ‘Individual articles and contrbutions in priodicals and newspapsrs are classed Using (048) and (046) Denote periodicity of serial publications by ane (05)'520"1" Published daily {(05)'530"1" Published weekly {(05)°530°2" Published fortnightly (05)'540"1" Published monthly {(08)°540°2" Published two-onthly {(05)'540°3" Pubisshed quarterly, three-monthly (05)'S50"1" Published annually, yearly (05}-022.345.4 Irregular serals (published at irregular intervals) Periodicals (inthe strict sense). 1 Journals. Magazines Newspapers Newspapers in tho stict sons, 0 requent publications presenting primariy @ generally of news and current information News bulletins. Newsletters. Information buitetins = (047) Yearbooks. Directories ‘Address books. Directories listing residents, streets etc. Trade directories Almanacs. Calendars (of all Tear-off calendars : Clee Epnomeres, Calendar, dares of coming vents DOCUMENTS RELATING TO ‘SOCIETIES, ASSOCIATIONS, ORGANIZATIONS. Documents concerning the organization and activities of societies etc. Statutes, Charter, Articles of association Membership lst, rols Calling notices. invitations, Notices of mestings Agendas Discussion documents. Submissions. Working papers Motions. Proposals. Resolutions of assembly Records, minutes, reports of meetings 19(0...) _ Table 14. Common auxiliaries of form (062.551) (062.552) (07) (072) (073) (075) (0752) (0753) (0754) (0758) (0752) (076) (076.1) (076.2) (076.3) (0765) (0768) (078) (ren (078.9) (07) (079.1) (079.2) (08) (081) (081.1) (081.2) (082) (082.1) (082.2) (082.21) (082.22) (082.24) 20 Reports on actives. Bulletins Regular eallections of (printed) work. ‘2 "Proceedings... Transactions. DOCUMENTS FOR INSTRUCTION, ‘TEACHING, STUDY, TRAINING 337187 Documentary materials for teaching. Teaching aids + (054) > (086) Curricula, Syllabuses Educational texts. Schoolbooks. Texts for students Elementary schoo! texts, Primers Secondary school texts “Tents for self-instruction, private study, home study, correspondence courses, adult education Texts for universiy, higher education Tet foc short courses, crash courses, ‘ofresher courses Documents for practical instruction, training > (035). > (083.13), Dozuments wity problems, questions Docunents with solutions, answers Documents with questions and answers = 27-2823 Practical exercises. © Laboratory exercises. Field exercises Programmed texts. Scrambled textbooks, wth Program frames. = 3701843, > 37.0913157 Educational documents and material Not listed elsewhere Case studies (as form) = 001.87 Model (in the theoretical sense) Documents connected with competitions, tests, examinations etc. ‘Questions and exercises fr tests, contests, ompetiions. Examinaton papers Paper qualifications, Diplomas. Degrees. Certificates of proficiency ete COLLECTED AND POLYGRAPHIC WORKS. FORMS. LISTS. ILLUSTRATIONS. BUSINESS PUBLICATIONS = 03 > 62-82 Individual polygraphies. Collected ‘works of individual authors Collected works Selecieg works (081.2) = (082.2) Collective polygraphies. Collections of works by several authors Series (works by various autrs published Under a genera le). Publishers sere, set, ‘brates ‘Anihologies. Selections Excerpts. Quotations ‘Aninoiogls. Selections Excerpis. Quotations Fragments (083) (083.1) (083.12) (083.13) (083.131) (083.132) (083.133) (083.15) (083.17) (0832) (083.4) (083.41) (083.44) (0825) (082.53) (083.57) (083.58) (083.7) (083.71) (083.72) (082.73) (083.74) (083.742) (083.744) (083.76) (083.77) (083.72) (083.8) (083.81) (083.62) (083.822) (083.824) (083,84) (089.86) (083,87) (083.89) (083.9) (083.92) (083.94) (083.97) (084) (084.1) (084.17) (084.12) (084.121) Technical and normative documents. Tables. Lists etc. Recipes: Prescriptions. Directions Recipes. Prescriptions Directions for use. Advice. Instructions = 076) Directions for use. User's guides. User's manuals (directions for the use of equipment. instruments, specialist documents, computer software etc). Operating instructions = (035) Practical advice, hints Instructions For operating instructions use (083.131) Rules. Regulations = (094.58) Timetables Forms, blanks. Printed forms ‘Tables (other than purely numeri) Statistical tables Classification tables ‘Technical data tables, Calculation tables Conversion tables = 519.65 [Numeric tables. Percentage tables. Ready reckoners Nomograms Network giagrams. Critical path diagrams (arrow diograms) ‘Terminological and normative documents Defritions Nomenclatures Codes. Cryptographies. Keys Standards ‘Standards for objects or products, Specifications Standards for methods or processes. Codes of practice, Guidelines Patterns, Samples Comparative presentation Estimates of cost. Tenders Enumerative records = 01) so Lists in general. Schedules Inventories and catalogues Inventories (records of permanent collections) Exhibition catalogues (records of temporary assemblages) (Class here catalogues of unique or individual tems regardless of whether they are offered for sale. For catalogues of lines of aticles or stock in trado see (085.2) ‘stock records, Stores tts. Warehouse lists ‘Tables of contents. Indexes of names, places, subjects Conrerdances = 001.86 3945 = 7 Registers of persons in a given category Plans. Projects. Programmes Plans Projects Programmes Images. Pictorial documents, Graphic documents Pictures, lustrations Drawings. Sketches Photographic images ‘Stil photographs.(0...) Table 1d, Common auxiliaries of form (084.122) (084.122.3) (084.122.5) (084.127) (084.14) (084.17) (084,18) (84.2) (084.21) (084.28) (084.2) (084.3) (084.31) (084.312) 0843-14) (08a 3-16) (084.3-18) (0843.2) (088.321) (084.322) (084.3-223) (084.33) (0843-32) (084.334) (084 3.35) (084.336) (084 3-37) (084 3-4) (0843.41) 0843-42) (084 3-43) (084.344) (084 3-45) (084.35) (084 3-52) (084 3-54) (084. 3-86) (084.31) (084.32) (08433) (084.35) (084.4) (084.41) (084.42) (0845) (085) (085.2) Fis. Motion petres Sint fm Sound fim Survey photographs. Photograms (wth known intra rintaion) Magneticaly recorded images. Video recordings = (086.8) Printing blocs (halltone blocks ete) Electrotypes Prins trom blocks. Block pulls Schematic representations Diagrams. Graphs Prats (worcimensiona) Block aiograms (two-dimensional). FoW charts (lowsheets) > (086.45) Cartographic mages. © Maps. Plans. Charts =" (08043) So aps ee. according to scale 435.000 to> 1:20 000, 4:75 000 to > 1:250 00 (topographic survey maps) 4:1 000 000 to > 1:20 000 000 (maps of counties, of continents) 4400 006 000 and smaller (word maps) ‘According to form of representation Nonpictoral forms, Contour maps. Maps with hachurs, nil shading Pretrial forms. Bréseye maps ‘Rephoto mosaics ‘According to type of representation Skolotn maps. Distribution maps Statistica maps onthe dot sysom. Dot maps Cartograme. Cartodagrams ‘Structural map. Maps of complex spatial (0.024) Modeling sheets. Flat designs for cut-out ‘madels. Networks plotted for solid geometric. models Globes = (084.3) 3312 Roliefs (sold). © Relief models. Relief maps Block diagrams (three-dimensional) = (08429) Models, © Maquettes ‘Audio documents. Sound recordings Mechanical sound recordings. ©) Gramophone records (discs etc.) Magnetic sound recordings. © Magnetic tape Optical sound recordings. © CD (compact, disc) For sound on film see (084. 122.5) Video recordings (Cass here video recordings with or without sound Videodtse recordings Video magnetic tape recordings ‘video optical tape recordings Attestations. Special-purpose documents Caificates, licences ete. issued by authorities ‘entity and nationally cetiieates. Passports. Identity cards etc. Licences giving right to practise profession, Conduct business, possess or drive vehicles ‘etc. © Driving licences. Firearms certificates (gun licences) Certticates of property, ownership. dentfieation, registration papers, The deeds ate. Contracts writen agreements ‘Trademarks, cress (letterhead, seal, etc.) and ‘other commercial marks and devices ‘Trademarks. Commercial marks and devices = 347.772 ‘Marks and certifcations of quantity and quality of goods = (083,741.76) Patents and similar documents = 347771 ‘Applications for patents and inventor's centncates Applications for patents ‘Applications for inventor's certiicatos Patents Patent specifications Inventor's certificates Descriptions of inventions to inventor's contiicates Proposals foc innovations Licences (patent, etc.) = (088.2) Curiosities, Miscelanis. Varia, Anecdotes. Facotiae. Aphorisms. Maxims etc. a(0...) Table 1d. Common auxiliaries of form (0895) (089.7) (09) (091) (092) (093) (093.2) (093.3) (083.4) (004) (094.1) Frauds, Deceptions. Literary, artiste, scleniic. hoaxes > 001,941.98 Greetings and special-occasion messages (cards, leaflets etc.) ‘Specify periods or special days by especialy "38." © (080.7)'383New Year New Year greetings (cards et.) PRESENTATION IN HISTORICAL FORM. LEGAL AND HISTORICAL SOURCES Historical presentation in the strict sense 33/04 Biographical presentation + a2 Historical sources (Oficial sources, Pubic records, documents, acts Literary sources. Chronicles. Diaries Wil. Testaments Legal sources. Legal documents 3 340.13, 3 Mod Enactments of absolute government in general 1D Royal decrees, edicts, ordinances (0942) (os44) (0945) (004.57) (094.58) (0947) (09471) (09473) (004.74) (084.76) (094.77) (0048) (saa) Internatonal agreements and tress. International laws. Enactmnants between Independent states Law books and legal problems (textbooks) Individual laws. Simple laws and detaileg regulations resulting from them. Bils (raft laws). Acts Decrees, rescripts, edicts of central authority, arising from a law. Ordinances of the executive Decisions of central authorty in application of a law. Promalgations. Regulations Legal sources emanating from acmins ‘authorities of varlous grades Legal sources from delegated powers ofthe contrat government. O Plebiscite. Referendum Decrees ofthe senate Legal sources emanating from individual ‘members ofa federation (e.9. kingdoms, Indlvidual states, cantons, dominions) Legal sources emanating from provincial authorities Legal sources emanating from aistit, ‘municipal and parochial authorities Logal sources emanating from executives of authorities Legal sources emanating from courts of justice Callocions of legal documents. Collections of, rulings, legal decisions. Legal case-books ive 2(1/9) TABLE 1e. COMMON AUXILIARIES OF PLACE ‘SCOPE. The place auxiliaries indicate the geographical range, locality or other spatial aspect ofa subject denoted by @ main UDC number, 0.9, 331.2(44) Wages in France, 338.47(61) Economics of tanspor in Braz ‘They are the primary characteristic of dvision in 913 ‘Regional geography’ and 94 ‘History’ CITATION ORDER. Those auxifaries are normally used folowing @ subject notation. A sequence ‘based on place can also be created by cng the place auxiliary frst, € 9 -399,5,053(73) Trade balance - USA. (73)389.5.053 USA - trade balance. The place auxiliary may also be intercalated in @ UDC number to achive a desired sequence, © 9 '364(44) Central administration in France. '354/44)51 French misty of juste. Excoptonaly, the place auxiliary alone might be adequate for classifying some kinds of document ‘where the place aspect isthe only one Ikely tobe sought (2.9. some maps). FURTHER SUBDIVISION. In general, the poitical section of the following table, (4/3), Is ‘subdivided as far as counties, departments or equivalent administrative units ‘Smaller units may be denoted in two ways by using the special auxiliaries under (1-2) and (1-3), either at the number for the high-level unit (country, state) or at that for the lowerdeval unit {county, department, et), 6.9 (44) France. (44-2) Communes of France. (44-37) Arrondisservonts of France. (441.1) Départementot Finistere (441.1-2) Communes of Fnistre. (441.1-37) Arrondissemants of Finistere, ‘The names used, the selecton and sequence of regions, descriptive expressions and relations ‘implied by the numeric hierarchy do not constitute any endorsement of thelr national or intorational status either by the UDC Consortium or by any ofits cooperating organizations. No ‘opinions about any of these matters should be inferred from this publication ‘Systematic table (1. (1-01-9) (1-0) (1-01) (02) (1) PLACE AND SPACE IN GENERAL. LOCALIZATION. ORIENTATION ONE PLAGE IN RELATION TO (1-021) Biological zones ANOTHER (4021.1) Floral kingdoms © (44450) Reais between France and 2 ers ea (1-02.11) ‘Holarctic kingdom (Europe, Northern Asia and © 999.5(64:450) Trade relations between France and Italy North America) (1-01.12) Paleotropieal kingdom (South Asia and Attica) PLACE WITH REFERENCE TO RACE. (1-021.13) Neotropical kingdom (South America) ETHNIC ZONES (1021.14) Cape kingdom (S Africa) Details by (=) (Tablo 1) 021.18) Australian kingdom © (494=1122) German Switzernd {(-021'18) _Antaretic kingdom © (49421341) alan Switzerland (1-024.2) Faunal zones. ‘© (494=133.1} Fronch Switzeriand era) BOUNDARIES AND SPATIAL FORMS (1-021.21, Palearctic Europe, Asta and North Aftica) OF VARIOUS KINDS (102122) Nearetio (North America) The (-049) special auxifaries may be (1-02123) Neotropical (South America) ‘combined with tho (28) common auxitaes ‘| (1-021.28) —_Ao- Tropical. Ethiopian to denote pars oraspecs of speci reas. |(1-024.25) Oriental (Indo-Malayan) They may also be used with (1), with a (-02126) Australasian ‘gonoral significance (04) Limiting zones. Boundaries © (1-04) Boundares in general & (1-192) (430-04) The boundaries of Germany (1-05) regions (of the Earth) according to Zones Zones parting to paticulr places or (1-059) Elongated areas. Strips discipines (1-052) ‘Areas with straight or slightly curved Zones defined for use in particular sciences boundaries (oxcopt strips) 23(1/9) Table 1. Common auxi ries of place (1-083) (1-054) (1-056) (1-088.2) (1-056.4) (1-086.42), (1-058.44) (007) (071) 4-072) (0-073) (474 (1-075) (1-076) 0-077) 10772) (1-077.4) (1-077) (1-078) (1-08) (ty tr) 1-12) 1-13) (1-14) (0-15) (1-16) (17) (1-18) (t-19) aa (1-1912) (i914) (-191.42) i-191.44) (3-195 8) (191.8) (1-192), 192.2) a-1924) (1926) (1927) (1928) (1-194) (1-1942) 1944) (11948) (1-195) ‘Areas with mainly curved or non-straight boundaries (except strips) Areas of special of irregular shape ‘Areas according to spatial coherence, Whole areas. integral areas Included areas (enclaves). Excluded areas {exclaves) Enclaves Exciaves Miltary zones curing war and postwar periods Front Rear Conquered territory. Surrondered territory Oceupled zones Nonsecupled territory Disputed territory Zones without military installations. Weapon-free zones. Demiltarized zones Zones free of particular weapons. 1D Non-nuclear zones (atomic-weapon-tres zones) ‘8 (430-077.2) Non-nuelear zones In Germary Zones free of pariular military installations Disarmament zones, Demiltarized zones Torrtories under control of a counter-government (rival government) Unknown, unexplored regions and zones. Orientation. Points of the compass. Relative position East. Eastern Use (.-11) only for ralative position or ‘erientation. For he East (Oront) Conventionaly defined 509 (5) ‘South-east, South-eastern South, Southern Southwest. South-westem West, Waster Use (..-15) only for relative position or orientation, For The West (Oczisen!) ‘conventional defined see (4*7) Northwost, North-western North. Norther North-east, North-eastern Relative location, direction and orientation Internal spatial relationships. Inside. Within Ena ‘Centra. In the midclo Movement in lation to the contre Contrpetal Centrifugal Eccentsc. Not in the midalo Peripheral. Al the edge Position in relation to a border oF frontior ‘Adjacent, Bordering, Touching Overlapping. Intrucing into On this side. Cis- On the otha side. Trans. Opposite. Facing External spatlal relationships, Outside. Exe... Alongside. Adjoining, Neatty. Close Haltoway. Midway - Farof. Far away. Distant. Wie apart Lengthwise. Longitudinal relations (1-198.2) (1-198) (198.6) (1-185.8) (1-196) (1-198.2) (1-198.45, (1-196.6) (1-196. (4-197) (1-1972) (1-197.4) (1-197.6) (1-997.8) (1-198) (1-198.2) (3-198.4) (1-198) (1-199) (1-214) 44-2) (21) (1-22) (129) (1-28) (1-28) (1-29) (1-299) (1-3) (1-32) (1-328) (1-38) (37) (1-4) 4) (1-43) In front Fran. Forward Mid-length. Mid-part Mitships (amidships) Behind. Back. Backward. Aft Inline. in series. Endto-end Sideways. Lateral relations Right. Right side. Starboard. Toward the right Centresine, Mid-ine. Median line Left eft side, Port. Toward the left Side-by-side. Alongside. In paalle! Relative level (abovelbelow) Below. Undemeath, Downwards Mean or average lovol Above. Upperside, Unwards One above the other. Superimposed. Layered Stead Inclination. Gradient Verteal Inclined. Sloping, Oblique. Skew Horizontal Position undefined. Fr Free-moving Political units. Administrative units The (-2-8) auxlares are applicable 0 (39), in which case they eter to specific lecalies; used in the form in which they are listed hore, they refer to the administrative Unit in general and related affairs Lowest administrative units. Localities. 1 Districts (UK). Communes (France). Gomeinden (Germany) Municipalities. Urban... Uroan dstcts Vilage communities, parshes, Rural... Rural districts Joint local administrative units. Cantons (France). Arter (Germary) Capital ctes. Metropolises \ntezcommunal groupings. 0 for vocational training, water supply Independant funcional autheres, jurisdictions ~ Dike-butiding associations. Improvement boards, Polder boards Larger units within the state Higher evel administrative units. Provinees Inter-provincial, Higher-order communal associations. Migdie-lovel administrative units. 3 Counties (UK). Départements (France). Repierungsbezirke (Germany). Amter (Denmark) Lower-lovel administrative units 1D Arrondissements (France). Kreise (Germary) Units of highest (state) level. Nations. States. Confederations Confederations of states. Federations Commonwealihs ©. (484-41) Sulizertand a8 a confederation 9 (73-41) USAas a federation © (94-41) Avateala as a commonwealth Constituent states within @ confederation, Fedora states. Autonomous republics © (494-43) Swiss cantons 0- (7949) Staies ofthe USA 2° (84-43) Australian states ‘5 (944-43) Now South Wales as a state of he ‘Commonwealth of Australia 24(1/9) Table 1. Common auxiliaries of piace 144) (1-45) (1-46) (15) (51) (152) 1-53) (1-54) (1-542) (1-544) (1546) (1-55) (16) (1-81) (1-612) (1-815) (4-618) 1-82) (1-622) 24) 1-65) (4-651) (1655.1) (1651.2) (1-682 (1-68) Empires. Combination of mother-county, dominions and colonies © (41-44) British Commonweaith and Empire generally Nonfederal sovereign states Territories geographically separated from the ‘mother country bu integrated in its ‘administration Depentient or semi-dependent territories Dependent territory administered by a specie state © (688.2-51:44) Dahomey under French administration Colonized tortor. Colonies 9 (6-52) Colonized tertary in Atica © (676.2-52) Kenya as a colony Concessions (territorial) 9 (512.317-83) Tho Now Terttories of Hong Kong as a leased territory Dependent or semi-dependent territories with special statute Protectorates © (676.1-542) Uganda as a protevirate Mandato (League of Nations). Trusteeship, (United Nations) © (569.1-544) Syria as « mandated tertory ‘Condominium © (934-546:4 10444) Now Hebrides (now Vanuatu) a8 Brish-French condominium ‘Territories in vansition between dependence and independence (© (549.3-58) East Pakistan during its ‘secession (becoming Bangladesh) States or groupings of states from various points of view Tho (1-6) auxiliaries apply when the terntorial aspect is subsidiary © 669.18(4-672EU) Stee! production in EU (European Union) counties Groupings frorn the point of view of sovereignty Groupings without surrender of sovereignty Groupings with partial surrender of soverelgnty Groupings with total surrender of mty Groupings of states according to itary oF «afence view Countries belonging to military or defence acts ‘Speoty by AZ © (1-822)NATO Countries ofthe North ‘Allantic Treaty Organization + (1-65) = 25t Noncommitted countries. Nonaligned countries > (1-852) 3 22755, Wartime groupings of states Belligerent states Aggressor ‘Allacked Noutral states {Groupings of states according to social ana poitical system (1-662) (1-864) (187) (1-672) (1-874) (169) (1-7) (71) (1-72) (1-75) (1-754) (1-7512) (1-751) (1751.4) (1-7515) (77) (1-773) (1-775) (1-8) (1-81) (1-82) (1-83) (1-85) (1-86) «1-87) (1-88) (1-89) (1-9) Capitalist countries Socialist countries Groupings of states according to economic point of view Countries with market economy Countries with centrally planned economy Groupings of states according to other points of iow. From scientific or technical point of ‘Specity by AZ © (4-69SA) Counties of the European Space Agency Places and areas according to privacy, publicness and other special features Places of privat, individual and familial activity. In private places. n private Places of publi, collective, group activity. In public places. In public ‘Areas designated for special treatment ‘Areas protected for specific sciontitic or recreational purposes "National parks (primarly large open spaces for aesthetic and recreational purposes, and Including human cultural features) > 712283 Nature reearves (primary for the protection of plant and animal species and habitats, usually ‘with imitation of numan acgess). < National Wildife Refuges (USA). Special Protacton ‘Areas and Special Areas of Conservation (European Union). Ramsar sites (International Convention on Wetlands of International Importance, Ramsar, ran, 1971) ‘Areas primarily for protection of landscapes with aesthetic value. © Areas of Outstanging Natural Beauty (UK) ‘Areas primary for protection of inanimate features of scientiic interest. Sites of Special Scienifc Interest (UK) ‘Areas according to stage of development Developing countries. ‘Third Word! countries Developed areas. Highly developed a Location. Source. Transit. Destination Location. Site. Place of manifestation Source. Place of exgin. Source of supply © [863.851 5:663.43)(410,5-82) Scotch whisky Place of trans, Transit area Destination Place in a conventional sense, ie-used as descriptive of some particular article © 677.074 50(55-86) Persian carpets Foreign. Abroad. Elsewhere than one's own ‘county > 027.63 Home. One's own country © 27-48(1-88) Christian missions inthe home. Country. Home missions. Paces in their earlier, historical status. Historical sea traitonal entities Regionalization according to specialized points of view 25(1/9) Table 1e. Common auxiliaries of place (1-82) (100) (15) (151.2) (181.21) (151.22) (15123) (154-24) «s7) (158) (16) (160) (160.1) (180.2) (160.20) (160.23) (180.28) (160.27) (161/164) Regionaizaion of the earth according to physiogeographical features Ian arrangement according to physiographic feature as loading category is roquired, an altemative classification Is provided at (29). his aitemative is selected, the auxiary (1-92) should not be sed © (52-92) Physleal regions of Japan © (88-82) Arctic regions UNIVERSAL AS TO PLACE. INTERNATIONAL. ALL COUNTRIES IN GENERAL Up to three countries may be danoted by the auxiliaries forthe individual countries. Where more than three countries are ‘conesmed, one (or each, by muttinie entry) ‘may be specified in relation to (100). The {otaity of all or many countries is denoted by (100) alone © (44+460) France and Spain © (444100) France and various other counties © 061.2(100) international organizations The universe, celestial or cosmic space gonerally. in Space. Cosmic. Extraterrestrial localities Specific parts ofthe cosmos Inte Sslar System > 523 Environs of te Solar System The local stellar system Region of the Galaxy (Milky Way) 3 5246 Planets, t ‘The Moon, Its region 523.34 PLACES AND AREAS OF THE EARTH AGCORDING TO GEOGRAPHICAL COORDINATES OR GRIDS = 828.28 regions and localities nd localities Geographical meridians and parallels. Poles. Points on the Earth according to geographical coordinates Longitudes. Merdians 9 (160.1-11) Eastem longitudes © (160.1-15) Wester ongitues Latituges. Parale's © (180,2-13) Southern latitudes © (160.2-17) Northern latitudes Equator Tropics © (160.29-13) Souther: Tropic of Capricorn © (160.23-17) Northern: Tropic of Cancer Polar circles © (160.26-13) South Polar Cc (Antarctic Circle) © (160.28-17) North Polar Circle (Arctic Circle) Poles: © (160.27-13) South Pole © (160.27-17) North Pole Place according to quadrants "Tho Earh's surface is vied into four ‘quadrants: two nother, 0°-180°E and 180°W/ of Greenwich, and two southern, (0°-180°E and 0°-180°W of Greenwich, ‘numbered (161) to (164) (161) (162) (163) (184) (18) (181) (ist) (181.5) (184.7) (182) (183) (108) (188.25, (188.3) (28) (188.7) (188.8) Further subdivision by three-igure and ‘wo-igure notation for degrees fongiude ‘and latitude rospectivaly, delineating the waster and southern boundaries ofthe area concerned © (161,007.49) River Nahe and westem Rheinpfaz ares -7°E, 48°N Places in the northern quadrant, 0° to 180° ‘east of Greenwich © (181,000.51) Kent, Englang -0°E, 51°N © (161,106.48) Lan Bator, Mongolia -106°E, aN Places in the northern quadrant, 0° to 180° west of Greenwich © ($62.082.24) Key West, Florida, USA - 82°W, 24°N © (162,158.01) Christmas Isiand - 158°, Places In the southern quadrant, 0° to 180" east of Groenwich ‘© (163,026.18) Victorla Fals (R. Zambezi) - 26, 18°S © (163.138.38) Guif of St Vincont near ‘Acelade, South Australia - 138°E, 35°S Places in the southern quadrant, 0° to 180" wast of Greenwich © (164,070.16) Lake Titcaca - 70°W, 18°S © (164,150.18) Tahiti - 150°W, 18°S ‘SPATIAL MEASUREMENTS OR DIMENSIONS: Details by colon combination with (2..) © (23:181) Heights (above sea level) © (24:181) Depths (below sea level) © (24183) Volume. Cuble capacity (of caves atc) © (25:182) Surface areas. Areas of land © (26:181) Ocean or sea depths ‘One-dimensional measurements. Linear dimensions. Distances. Lengths tc. For precise distances, add stondara international abbreviation for unit, flowed by actual figures © (181m100) 100 metres 9 (181km427) 427 kilometres Short Medium length Long, ‘Two-dimensional measurements. ‘Square dimensions. Areas ‘Details as (181) © (1822000) 2000 square metres ‘Three-dimensional measurements Cubic dimensions. Volumes otals as (187) © (188m150) 160 cubie metres Relative size of places, areas, spaces Very smal. Part of @ small area ‘Sma, Part of a medium-sized area Medium-sized. Moderste-sized. Part ofa large “Large. Part of avery large area Very large, Huge areas 26(1/9) Table te. Common au; aries of place (20) (203) (203.1) (203.3) (2035) (20.7) (204) (204.1) (2042) (205) (205.2) (205.4) (207) (207.3) (207.4) (208) ny (210) (10.1) @10.2) @103) (210) (210.5) 10.7) (2141213) (att) ans) @n7) (212) 123) 124) @i28) @128) @i27) 212.72) (21275) i277) (213) isa) (213.12) (2) PHYSIOGRAPHIC DESIGNATION ECOSPHERE In the atmosphere. In the air. Aerial > 551510 ‘Thermosphere. Outermost atmospheric space Mesosphore (upper boundary: mesopause) ‘Stratosphere (upper boundary: stratopause) TTroposphere (upper boundary: opopause) Of the hydrosphere. In the water. Aqui = (26) = aay = 556 Underwater Floating Lithosphere. Earth's mantle. Centrosphere Lithosphere, Outer crust. Surtace layer Gontrosphere. Earth's core, Barysphere Of, or in the spheres of Nature. Biosphere Inthe plant kingdom Inte animal kingdom In human surroundings. In human ‘society. In social, artificial mi ‘SURFACE OF THE EARTH IN GENERAL. LAND AREAS IN PARTICULAR. NATURAL ZONES AND REGIONS 3 5514 = 5618 Land formations Peninsulas ‘Capes. Promontories Headlands. Tongues of land Isthmuses. Necks of land Coasts. Beaches. Banks, Shores Littoral. lelands Climatic zones. Cold regions. Polar regions. Frigid regions 9" (217-13) South polar regions, Antarctic regions © (211-17) North polar regions. Artie regions Ioo-cap climate Tundra Intermediate and subpolar regions. ‘Temperate zones. Mid-latitude climatic regions ‘9 (212-19) South temperate zone © (212-17) North temperate zone Cold intermediate regions. Subpolar region. Coniferous Forest Belt Cool temperate regions Warm temperate regions ‘Mic-latitude steppe regions Mid-atitude desert regions Gobi (Shamo) desert Takla Makan desert Kara Kum desert ‘Subtropical and tropical regions. generally 8° 69.03(213.5) Tropical building ‘Subtropical regions generally Dry subtropical regions 13.14) (2135) 213.52) (213.521) (@13821.1) (2135212) (2135214) (2135216) (213.522) (2135222) (213.6224) (213.5226) (213.523) (213.5234) (2135236) 213.524) (2135242) (213.625) (213.528.2) (213.5254) (213.5256) (213.54) (213.55) (21356) (215) (217) (218) (23) (23.0) (23.01) (23.02) (23.03) (23.04) (23.042) (23.048) (23.045) (23.048) (23.07) (23.071) (23.073) (23.075) Wet or humid subtropical regions. Cotton Bet ‘ype Tropical regions, Tort zane. Tropics Hot dry or arid regions. Hot desert Deserts of Asia Syrian desert Negev desert Rubal Krall Thar desert (Great Indian desert) Deserts of Africa Sahara desert. © Libyan desert Arabian desert (Western desert). Nubian desert Kalahari desert Namib desert Deserts of North America Mojave (Mohave) desert Colorado desert Deserts of South America ‘Atacama desert Deserts of Austral Great Sandy desert Giason desert Great Vietora desert ‘Savanna. Tropical grassland regions with gallery forest Monsoon ragions Hot humid regions. Equatorial fcest regions. “Tropical forest regions Hemispheres ©" (215411) Eastern hemisphere © (218-13) Southern nemisphere © (215-15) Western hemisphere © (215-17) Northern hemisphere Former continents. Pangaea. Laurentia. Fennosarmatia. Angaria (Angaraland). Gondwanaland. Serindia, Sinia. Philippina (303) Individual crustal plates. Eurasian. African. Indian, Pacific. North ‘American. South American. Nazca. Antarctic 355124 ABOVE SEA LEVEL. SURFACE RELIEF. ‘ABOVE GROUND GENERALLY. MOUNTAINS ‘Speclly hight by colon combination with (781) © (23:181) Heights above sea level © (23:181m4500) Mountains with height of 4500 metres above sea level In mountainous country. In hill country Lower mountains. ils Medium mountains. Mic-mountain High mountains. Higher parts of mountains (Orological formations. Mountain chains. Terraces, Valleys = 851.43 Mountain chains Terraces Plateaux Valleys + 851.49 Limits of attude. Height zones Tree zones. Limits of tees Treoiess vogetation zones. Limits of vegetation Snow zones, Limits of snow ar(1/9) Table te. Common auxiliaries of place (234) (234.1) (234.12) (234.13) (234.17) (234.2) (23423) (234.24) (234.241) (234.242) (234243) (234.243.1) (234.251) (234.252) (234.261) (34.282), (23427) (234.28) (234.28) (234.3) (23431) (204310 (204383. (eaaat'2) fea43413) feaaatia) (234i) (2a43t151) (2343112) (23431189) (e411 54 (24312) fate) feoa312 (243123) (23431231) (23431222) (234.312.4) @a3i25) (2343128) (2343127) (234.312.8) (2543129), (254313) (234315.1) (234.3132) (234,313.3) (20432) (234,321) {23432111) 4321.12) (23432193 (234.321.15) (234.321.16) (23432117) (2543212) (23432121) (23432129) (23432123) (2343213) (2343213) (234,321.32) (23432139) (2343248) 3432141) (234321. Mountains of Europe Mountains ofthe Iberian peninsula Pyrenees. Monte Perdido, Malacetta Catalenian Mountains. Montserrat Sierra Nevada. Mulhacén Mountains of France and Belgium ‘Armorican Massif Massif Cental ester part of Massif Contra. Monts de la Marche, Monts du Limousin Monts d'Auvergne Eastorn part of Massif Ceniral. Monts du \Vivarais. Monts cu Lyonnals. Monts Beaujolais, Monts du Charolais etc Cévennes Cate or Morvan) Plateau de Langres Monts Faueiles Vosges = (234.524) ‘Ardennes = (234512) ‘Argonne Alps: Wester Alps Inner Gneiss formation Ligurian Alps Cotian Alps Graian Alps Pennine Alps. © Matterhorn Lepontine Alps Ticino group ‘Simin group StGotthars group ‘Adula group Outer Gneiss formation Martie Alps ‘Alpes cu Daupting Savoy Alps Massif du Mont Blanc Dent du Mii group Freiburg Alps Bernese Alps. 9 Jungfrau Emmental Alps Gisrus Alps (Glamer Alpen) Schyz Alps ‘Appenzelier Alps Franch imastone Alps Provengal Aips Jura CChabiais Eastern Alps Central Gneiss Alps Rhastic Alps Sivtetta group Bemina group Cetzaler Alpen ‘Adamelo soup Ontes group Hohe Tauern Zileral Aips Venediger group Glocker group Niedere Tauern Radstadier Tauern ‘Sehladminger Tauern Rottenmanner Tauern Nori Alps ‘Gurktal Alps Lavanital ps. (234.321.5) (234.3218) (2243217) (236.3218) (234.322) (@34.322.1) (234322.11) (23432212) (234.3222) (23432021 (236.322.22) (23432228) (234.3223) (2343224) (93432248) (23432246) (234323) (234323.1) (234:325.2) (2343233) (234.3254) (234.3238) (234.3235) (258.32361) (234.351) (2343s.1) (2043812) (254.351:3) (34371) (234371.1) (234.372) (2343723) (2343724) (234.373) (2343373.1) (234.3732) (343733) (2343734) (2343735) (234.3738) (24s) (234.411) (234.411.2), (2344112) (234,411.23) (234,411.25) (234.4113) (aat131) (234.411.33) (23441135) (234411.4) (294.413) (234.415) (234.42) (234.421) (234421.1) (234.421.2) (234.422) (234422.1) (734.4222) (234.423) (234.424) (234.425) (234,426.19 atic Alps Plessur Alps Salzburg Schist Alps Eisenerzer Aipen Harthem limestone Alps Aligiuer Nips Rrnatikon Lechialer Alpen North Tyrolean limestone Alps Wetterstoingebirge Karwendelgebirge Kaisergebirge Salzburg limestone Alps Austrian Alpe Molin Alps Wienerwald ‘Souther limestone Alps Lomivarsic Alps Etschbucht Aig (Alps ofthe Adige Bay) South Tyrolean highlané. Venezia Alps Came Alps sulin Alps Karawanken Jura Mountains = (234.547) = (234.548) French Jura ‘Swiss Jura (Kettenjura) German Jura (Tafeljura) Mountain of Austria = (234.322.4) Leithagebirge Mountains of Czectia and Slovakia = (234.58) Western Carpathians = (234.421.4) Beskice. Tatra. Slovak Ore Mountains Mountaine of Hungary Bokony Vertes Mat Bake Hoayaia Mecsek Mountains ofthe Italian peninsula ‘Apennines Northern Apennines Ligurian Apennines “Tuscan Apennin Umbrian Apennines Central Apennines ‘Abruzzi. Gran Sasso ‘Sabine Mountains ‘Neapolitan Apennines Southern Apannines ‘Mount Vesuvius Mount Etna Mountains ofthe Balkan Peninsula Mountains of Romania (Rumania) East Carpathians ‘Transylvanian Alps Mountains of Bosnia, Herzegovina and Albania Dinarie Alps North Albanian Alps Mountains of Bulgaria Mountains of Turkey in Europe Mountaa ranges and mountains of Northern ‘and Central Greece Pindus Mountains For Olympus (previously at this number) ‘S00 (284.426.23) 28(1/9) Table 1e. Common auxiliaries of place (234.425.2) (23442521) (734,425.23) (234.425.25) (23442527) (234.425,29) (234.425.4) (234,425.42) (234.425.44) (234.425.48) (238.408.48), (234,425.48) (234.426) (23435) (234.51) (234511) (234.512) (234513) (234.515) (234516) (234.517) (234518) (234.52) (234.521) (234.522) (294.524) (234.525) (234.527) (23453) (234.531) (234.532) (234.534) (234538) (234.539) (234558) (2345541) (234.542) (234.543) (234544) (234545), (294.547) (294.548) (234.549) (234.55) (234.551) (234.553) (234.554) (234.555) (234.56) (234.582) (234.563) (234.568) (234.565) (23487) (234571) (234572) (34573) (234575) (23458) (234.582) (348) (234.61) Mountains of Eastern Greece For Ossa (previously at this numbae) soo (234,425.25) ‘Athos ‘Olympus ssa Pelion (Pion) (ths (Othrys) mountains Mountains of South East Greece For Othris (Othrys) mountains (previously at this number) see (234.425,29) Giona Parnassus Helicon Pentalicus Hymetos, Mountains ofthe Peloponnese, Taygatus Mountains of Central Europe Rhine schist mountains Hohes Venn tel = (234.28) Hunseck Rothaargebirge Siebengebirge Westerwald Taunus Mountains ofthe Upper Rhine Rift Valley Prilzer Bergland Haarat ‘Vosges (Vogesen) = (234.27) Odenwald Black Forest (Schwarzwald) Weserborgiand and Harz “Teutoburger Wald Egge Wesergebirge Soling Hare Hessisches Berpland. Swabian-Franconian basin. Aipenvorland Meissner Vogelsberg Ron Spessart Steigerwald ‘Schwabische Ab = (234.361) Franconian Jura German Alpenvoriand Mountains of Thuringia (Thdringen). Mountains cof the western edge of the Bohemian basin ‘Thiringerwald Fichtelgebirge Bohmerwald Bayerischer Wald Mountains of Saxony (Sachsen) Vogttand Erzgebirge Elbsandsteingebirge Lausitzor Bergland: Mountains of Siesia. Sudetes Isergebirge Riesengebi Wealdenburger Berge Adlergebirge Mountains ofthe Boherian-Moravian Basin CContral Bohemian Range ‘Mountains of Great Bi Highlands of south and south-west England, (234.62) (234.63) (234.631) (234.632) (234.64) (23465) (234.653) (234.652) (234.7) (234.72) (234.73) (234.74) (234.8) (34.81) (234.84) (234.85) (234.851) (234.852) (234.853) (234.88) (2949) (235) (235.1) (235.11) (235.111) (235.12) (235.123) (235.125) (36.13) (235.131) (35.14) (235.15) (235.18) (235.18) (235.2) (235.21) (235.211) (235.212) (235.213) (aas.2ta) (236.216) (235.22) (235.221) (236.222) (235.223) (235.224) (235.225) (235.23) (235.232) (235.24) (236.241) (235.242) (235.243) 4235.243.1) (235.243.2) (235.243.3) (235:243.4) (235,244 (238) © Bodmin Moor. Dartmoor. Exmoor. Blackdown His, Quantock Hils. Mendip His Cotswold Hits ‘Meuntains of Wales. Brecon Beacons, Cambrian Mountairs. Snowdonia Mountains of nentiern England Pennine Chain, The Peak. Ross Falt Cumbrian Mountains. Scafel Pike Mountain of the Scotish border, Cheviot ils Scottish Highlands ‘Grampians. Ben Nevis. Caimgorms Caledonian Highlands. Ben Wis, Mountains of Scandinavia Dovrefjell, Snohelta. Jostedalsbreen Langit. Jounheimen. Galdhopiggen Baltic Shield Mountains of Russia in Europe Valdal His alga Hils. Yergeni Heights (Ergeni Heights) Urals Northern Urals, Polar Urals Central Urals. Ural ore mountains ‘Southern Urals. Ural forest areas Crimean Mountains. Yalla Mountains oman-Kosh ‘Caucasus. Kavkaz range. © Mount Ebrus, Mount Kazbek ‘Mountains of Asia Mountains of western Asia, © Anatolo-Iranisn Plateaux Black Sea coastal range. Pontine Mountains ‘Anatolisn Plateau Taurus Mountains Mount Ararat ‘Armenian Plateau Mountains of northern Iran Erburz (Alborz) Mountains. Mount Damavand Iranian Plateau Mountains of southem Iran. Zagros Mountains Lebanon (Jabal Lubnan), Ant-Lebanon, ‘5 Mount Hermon (Jabal esh Sheikh) Mountains ofthe Sinai Peninsula Mountains of Central Asia (Asiatic Plateau) Wester area of Asiatic Platoau Pamirs ind Kush Trans-Alal Chain ‘Alal mountain range “Tien Shan Northern area of Asiatic Plataau Dzungerian Plateau ‘Altai (Altay) mountain range ‘Sayan Mountains. a Mountains Cental area of Asiatic Plateau, Kuniun ‘mountain range Central Kunlun.Altun Shan (Altyn Tagh) ‘Souther area of Asia Plateau Karekoram Range ‘Tibetan Plateau Himalayas: ‘Mount Everest (= Chomolungma [Tipetan) = ‘Qomolangma [Chinese] = Sagarmatha [Nepalese)) kK oo Kanchen Junga Nanga Parbat Transhimalayas Mountains of northern Asia 29(119) Table te. Common auxiliaries of place (235.31) (235.32) (235.33) (235.34) (235.35) (235.8) (35.41) (235.42) (235.43) (35.44) (235.45) (235.46) (35.47) (235.48) (235.8) 35.51) (235.519) (235.512) (235.52) (235.521) (299.521.1) (235,921.2) (295,522), (235,522.3) (2355224) (235,522.45) (2355225) (238) (236.1) (238.11) (236.12) (36.13) (36.18) (38.15) (238.16) (238.2) (238.21) (238.22) (236.23) (38.3) (236.31) (236.32) (236.33) (236.8) (236.51) (236.52) (238.6) (235.81) (236.62) (238.63) (236.64) (236.65) @387) ert) (236.72) (236.73) (236.75) (236.8) Byrranga Mountains. Mountains of Taimys Peninsula Verknoyansk Mountains Kolyma Mountains Starovoi Mountains Yabionoi Mountains Mountains of easter Asia Nan Ling Tein Ling Taihang Shan Boling Grd’ (Bartir Ranges) Great Khingan Mourtains Lite Khingan Mountains Sikhote-Ain" Mountains of south-eastern China Mountains of southern Asia Mountains ofthe indian Peninsula Deccan Plateau Western Ghats. Eastern Ghats Mountains of South East Asia Mountains of Myanmar For mountains of the Malay Archipelago (previously at this number) see (235.522) Patkai, Naga, Chin Mills For mountains ofthe Sunda Islands (previously at tis number see (235.522.5) ‘sakan Yona For ountans of Sumatra, Barisan ChairvPegunungan Barisan (previously at this number see (235.522.3) ‘Mountains of Malaysia and Indonesia Mountains of Sumatra, Barisan Chain (Pegunungan Bar'san) Mountains of Borneo unt Kinabalu Mountains of the Sunda Islands Mountains of Africa ‘Alas Mountaing Err Middle Aas (Moyen Aas) High Alas (Haut Atlas) Ante-Atlas ‘Teh Aas (Alas Telien, Lite Atos ‘Saharan Aas (Nas Saharien) ‘Mountains ofthe Sahara region Tibesti ‘Ahaggar (Hogar) massif Air Mountains ofthe Sudan region, Guinea and the ‘Cameroons Fouta Djallon ‘adamawa (Adaraoua) Darfur Plateau Mountains of north-eastern Attica Ethiopian Highiends. ‘somali Plateau. Mountains ofthe Congo region Lunda Plateau Xatanga Plateau ‘Mitumba Mountains Kibare Mountains Virunga (Bunga) Mountains. © Mourt Kariimbi, Mount Mikeno, Mount Nyiragongo, Mount Nyamiagira Mountains of eastern Attica Ruwenzon (Mountains ofthe Moon) Mount Kenya group Kilimanjaro group Groat Rift Valley ‘Mountains of southern Africa. © Stormberge. Kompasberg (238.81) (236.89) (237) (237.3) (37.11) (237.12) (237.13) (237.14) (237-15) (237-183) (237.18) (237.161) (237-162) (237.1623) (237-163) (237.164) (237.185) (237.188) (237.188) (237.169) (237.17) (297.18) (297.181) (237.185) (asr.se7) (237.19) 37.191) (237-193) (237.198) (237.195) (237.196) (ear.197) 372) (237.25) (37.4) (237.41) (237.411) (237.413) (37.415) (237.42) (237.422) (237.423) (237.424) (237.424.1) (237.428.2) (237.4243) (237.428.4) (237.424.3) (237.425) (237.425.1) (2975) (237.51) 237.52) (237.53) Drakensberg ‘Table Mountain Mountains of North America Western Cordiliera Alaskan Range. 0 Mount McKinley Rocky Mountains ‘Cascade Range. 0 Mount Rain Sierra Nevada, 9 Mount Whitney Coast Range Lower California Peninsula Sierta Madre Sierra Madre Oriental ‘Sierra Madre Occidental Colima Volcano complex. Paricutin Transverse Voleanic Axis (Sierra Volcanica Transversal). Citaltépet! (Orizaba). Iatlacthuat - Popatatspet, Nevado de Toluca ‘Sierra Madre del Su Sierra Madre del Chiapas. Acatenengo, ‘Agua. Ain. Pacaya. Tacand. Tajimulco (volcanoes) Sierra de los Cuchumatanes Sierra de las Minas Maya Mountains. O Victoria Peak ‘Mountains of Honcuras and El Salvador. 1 Sierra del Espirit Santo. Mentanias ce Comayagua. Cordilero Nombre do Dios. Montafas del Patuca, Corilera entre Rios \Voleén Cerro Varde. Voledn Conchagua, \oledn lzalo, Volcan San Salvador. Voledn ‘Santa Ana ‘ountains of Nicaragua, © Voledn Telca, \oledn Rata. Volesn Hoyo. Volcan Momotombo Cordillera Isabella Voledn Santiago. Volcén Masaya. Volcén Mombacho. Volcan Concepcién. Volcan Maderas Cordillera Chontalina. Cordier Yolaina ‘Mountains of Costa Rica and Panama Cordillera de Guanacaste Cordilera Central, © Liana de Tortuguero, Vole raz. Volcan Pods Cordilera de Talamanca. Volcén Bard Serrania de San Blas Serrania de Majé Serrania de Darién, Altos de Puna. Altas de Liméa ‘Appalactian Mountains ‘Allegheny Mountains Mountains ofthe Greater Antilles Mountains of Cuba Slerra Maestra Slorra de los Organos Sierra del Trinidad Mountains of Jamaica Blue Mexetains Cockpit country Mountains ofthe Dominican Reputic Cordiera Septentional Cordilera Central. © Pico Duarte CCordilera Oriental Sierra de Neiba Sierra de Bahoruco Mouriains of Puerto Rico Cordillera Central. . Cerro de Punta Mountains of tre Lesser Antilles Souttigre Hills (Montserrat), G Soufriére His Valeane Mountains of Dominica Pitons du Carpet (Martinique). © La Pelée(1/9) Table te, Common auxiliaries of place (297.54) (aors8) (23) {238.0 (238.11) (238.111) (238.113) (238.1132) (238.1133) (238.1135) (38.115) (238.1152) (38.117) (@38.117.1) (238.12) (238.121) (238.122) (238.123) (238.124) (238.128) (238.13) (238.131) (238.131.1) (238.131.12) (238.1312) (238.1313) (238.1315) (238.1317) (238.133) (238.135) (238-1353) (238.136), (238.136.3) (238.1361) (238 18) (238.141) (238.142) (236.149) (238.144) (238.148) (238.148) (238.147) (238.148) (236.149) (238.15) (238.16) (2382) (23821) (238.212) (238.214) (29022) (238.221) 738221.1) (238.2213) (238.223) (238.3) (238.31) (38.311) (233312) (238.313) (33.314) (238.315) (238.316) (239) (230.1) (239.2) Mountains of Saint Lucia Mountains of Trinidad Mountains of South America ‘South America, western area. South American Cordilera, Andes Colombian Andos Corditera Occidental Cordilata Central Sierra Nevada de Huila ‘Sierra Nevada de Tolima Sierra Nevada de Ruiz Cordillera Orientat Slerra Nevada de Cocuy Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta Pico Cristéoal Colén Eouador Andes ‘Mount Cayambe Mount Pichincha Mount Antisana Mount Cotopaxi Mount Chimborazo Peruvian-Bolivan Andes, Bolivian Plateau (Altiplano) Corailera Occidental Cordillera Bianca Mount Huascaran Mount Yeruoaja Mount Coropuna Mount EI Mist ‘Mount Sajama Cordilera Central Cordilera Oriental Mount Auzangate Corditera Real ‘Mount Hievari Mount Ancohuma Mount Lilailaco Nevado Incahuasi Nevado Ojos de Salado Cerro Bonet erro deh Toro Carro Mercidario Ceagua Cerro Tupungato Mountains of Tierra del Fuego Patagonian Cordillera ‘South America, northem area Cordillera de la Costa (Venezuelan Coastal Range) Corailera la Merida Cordillera dela Costa (Venezuelan Coastal Range/Cental Highlands) Guiana Highlands Pacaraima Mountains Mount Roraima Pico da Nebiina Tumuc-+iumac Mountains South America, Easier. area Brazilian Highlands ‘Serra Geral de Gods (Chapada Diamantina Serra do Esphinago Pico do Bandeiras Serra de Mantiqueira Serra do Mar Mountains of Oceania, the Arctic, the Antarctic, ‘Mounlains of the Malay Archipelago ‘Mountains ofthe Sunda Isiands (239.21) (239.3) (239.4) (239.41) (39.42) 30.43) (239.431) (239.432) (239.44) (2998) (233.6) (209.8) (239) (2a) (35) (251) (251.1) (2512) (25133) (25114) (25155) (13) (252) (252.32) (252.33) (252.331) 982.47) (252.6) (252.8) (253) (254) (255) (250) (287) (258) (26) (26.02) (26.03) (28.04) (26.05) Mountains of Sumatra. Barisan Chain (Pegunungan Barisan} Mountains of New Zealand and Melanesia Mountain of Australia Mountain of easter Australia. Great Dividing Range Mountains of southern Australia, Finders Ranges Mountains of west Australia West Australian tabieland, Hamersley Range. Kenneth Range. Barlee Range. Waldberg Range. Robinson Ranges Daring Range ‘Mouniains of central Australia. Macdonnell Ranges. Musgrave Ranges Mountains of New Guinea. © Bismark Range Mountains of Polynesia Mountains of the Arctic ‘Mounains of the Antarctic BELOW SEA LEVEL. UNDERGROUND. SUBTERRANEAN ‘Specify depth by calon combination with (181) ‘© {24:181m200) 200 metres below sea level = 55144 NATURAL FLAT GROUND (AT, ABOVE OR BELOW SEA LEVEL). THE GROUND IN ITS NATURAL CONDITION, CULTIVATED OR INHABITED. = 551.43 ‘Steppes. Pampas. Plains. Prairies. ‘Savannas. Heathland ‘Steppes proper Pampas Prairies ‘savannas Landes (steppe-tike regions in France) Heathland Unproductive land Stony tand Sandy lang Dunes. Oriting sand = (212) = 213) Estuarine land = (282.08) = (285.3) Marshland. Peat bogs. Other freshwater formations Lava-covered areas Virgin (primeval) woods and forests. Jungle Arable land, cleared or cultivated Flooded tand. Irrigated land. Drained land. © Broads, Poidors Fenced, enclosed land Inhabited land. Built-up are Fortified country OCEANS, SEAS AND INTERCONNECTIONS = (288) = 55146 ‘Open sea. High seas ‘Abyssal zone. Depths ofthe sea. Submarine, Gulfs. Bays. Bits. Creeks. Natural harbours. Roadstoads Lagoons. Haff. Salt ponds a”(1/9) Table te. Common auxiliaries of place (26.08) (26.07) (261) (251.1) (281.2) (261.24) (261.247) (261-248) (281.249) (28126) (281262) (261.283) (261.265) (261.268) (261.267) (261.268) (261.27) (81.273) (261.278) (281.275) (261.276) (261.28) (261.29) (261.4) (281-43) (261.44) (281.45) (281.482) (261.46) (261.47) (251.48) (251.5) (261.52) (281.83) (261.538) (21.54) (261.845) (281.548) (261.55) (261.552) (281.554) (281.555) (261.558) (261.56) (261.565) (261.8) (281.87) 32 ‘Ocean and sea interconnections. Sea canals + (2825) + 626.9 (Ocean and sea curr Atlantic Ocean North Atlantic Ocean © (261.1.07) Gulf Seam North-east Atlant = (268.4) Balic Sea, © Gulf of Bothnia, Gulf of Finland Gul of Riga. Gulf of Gdansi Belts and Sung (The Sound. Oresund) Kattegat Kiel Canal (BatieNorth Sea) North Sea German Bight. Friesian island waters ‘Skagerrak Dogger Bank Waters of the east coast of Britain Strat of Dover English Channet Irish Sea. Western waters of British Isles St George's Channel and adjacent Welsh and Irish coastal waters Irish Sea (central) and adjacent coastal waters North Channel, with Fith of Clyde Malin Sea Bay of Biscay and agjacent French and Spanish coastal waters Waters of North west Africa © (281.2207) Canary Current North-west antic. Davis Strait Sea of Labrador © (261.43.07) Labrador current Gulf of St Lawrence ané acjacent coastal waters of Newfoundland ard south-eastern Nova Scotia, | Grand Banks Guif of Maine Bay of Fundy Waters of the east coast ofthe USA from Cape Cod to Chesapeake Bay. © Long Island ‘Sound, Nantucket Sound. Rhode Island Sour Buzzards Bay. Delaware Bay. Narragansett Bay. New York Bay Chesapeake Bay Waters of the south-east coast of the USA from Chesapeake Bay to Florida Strait © Albermarie Sound. Pamiico Sound Everglades West and south-west North Atantic © (261.5.03) Puerto Rico Trench Sargasso Sea Bahama Sea Straits of Florida Guif of Mexico Gulf of Campeche Yucatan Channa! Caribbean Sea © (281.55.03) Cayman Trench Gulf of Honduras Gutfof Mosquitos Guffofarien Gulf of Venezuela Seas and wate ofthe northeast coast of South America Gul of te Amazon ‘South Atantc Ocean = (2604) ‘Seas and waters of he coast of Brazil © (261.67.07) Braz current (261.68) (261.683) (261.684) (281.685) (261.586) (261-687) (281.7) (261.74) (281.76) (281.77) (28178) (282) (282.1) (262.11) (262.112) (202.114) (282.115) (262'116) (262.13) (252.138) (262.18) (262.2) (82.22) (262.26) (262.27) (262.3) (262.32) (262.4) (262.42) (262.423) (262.8) (262.53) (262.538) (282.538) (262.54) (262.8) (62.81) (262.83) (265) (285.1) (285.13) (285.15) (285.153) (265.16) (265.17) (285.2) (265.22) (265.222) (255.225) (285.23) (285.233) (265.235) (285.238) (285.238) (265.239) (85.24) (285.242) ‘Seas and waters ofthe south-east coast of South America Rio oe la Plata Bahia Blanca Golfo San Matias Golfo San Jorge Bahia Grande = (260.528) East and south-east Atlantic ‘Sees and waters of the coast of west Attica © (261,74.07) Gulnea current Gut of Guinea Seas and waters of the west coast of Equatorial Afica ‘Seas and waters of South-West Arica and the West coast af South Africa © (281.78.07) Benguela current Mediterranean Sea Wiestem Mediterranean Seas and waters from Gibraltar to Corsica Strait ol Gibraltar Iberian Ses (Balearic Sea) Golfe du Lion (Sul of Lions) Ligurian Sea Tyithenian Sea Strait of Messina Seas and waters of the Algetian and nerth Tunisian coast Eastom Mediterranean in general Ionian Sea, © Gul of Taranto ‘Seas and waters of east Tunisian and Libyan coasts ‘Seas and waters of the Middle Eastern coast Adriatic Sea Gulf of Venice ‘Aegean Sea ‘Sea of Crete Corinth Canal Black Sea Sea of Marmara Dardanelles Bospons Sea of Azov Inner seas of Eurasia Caspian Sea Aral Sea Pacific Ocean East and south-east Pactic © (285.1.07) Peruvian (Humbal) current Gulf of Guayaquil Gulf of Panama Panama Canal Central #merican and south-west Mexican Pacific waters Gui of California North and north-east Pacitc ‘Seas and waters of coast of California and ‘West United States of America (2685.22.07) California current Puget Sound Juan de Fuca Strait ‘West Canadian and south-east Alaskan coastal ssea8 and waters Strat of Georgia ‘Queen Charlotte Sound and Strat side Passage Hecate Strat Dixon Entrance Gul of Alaska © (265.24.07) Alaska current Cook inlet(1/9) Table 1¢. Common auxiliaries of place (285.244) (285.248) (285.5) (285.51) (285.518) (265.52) (23583) (285,538) (265,54) (285.546) (285.547), (285.548) (265.55) (285.555) (285.56) (28557) (285.578) (285.58) (285.7) (265.72) (265.723) (26.724) (288.727 (285.73) (285.732) (265.738) (265.738) (285.736) (265.738) (265.74) (205742) (285.743) (255.744) (265.745) (285.748) (2ss.747) (28578), (265,762) (285.77) (265.78) 1,782) 95,788) ‘20h 8) (267) 267.2) (28723) (26724) 267.28) (267.26) (267.3) (26722) (287.328) (26733) Bristol Bay Norton Sound West and north-west Pacific Bering Sea Being Strait ‘Seas and waters off the south-east coast of Kamchatka Sea of Oxotsk La Perouse (Soya) Strait Sea of japan Tatar (Tartary) Stra Teugaru Strait Korea Strait East coast and inner seas of the Japanese islanos © (285.86.03) Japan Trench © (285.55.07) Kuroshio (Kuro Siwo) current Inlans Sea (Seto Naika) Yellow Sea East China Sea Feemosa Strait (Taiwan Strait) Philippine Sea @ (265.58.03) Mindanao Trench South and south-west Pacific © (265.7.03) Mariana Trench ‘South China Sea Gulf of Thaiand Malay Sea Sulu Sea Sulawesi Sea (Celebes Sea) Molucca Sea ‘Seram (Ceram) Sea Makassar Strait ‘Seas along the Sunda Islands ava S Bali See, Bal Strat Flores Sea Savy Sea Banda Sea ‘Arafura Sea, Gulf of Carpentaria Coral Sea and adjoining seas of Melanesia ‘Solomon Sea, Torres Strat. Bismark Se: East of he East Queensiand coast. © Groat Bariet Reef ‘Seas around Fi ‘© (265.77.08) Tonga Trench. Kermadec Trench Tasman Sea © (285.78.07) Australia current Seas, gus and bays of New South Wales coast ‘Cook Strait Central Southern Pacific. Seas and waters ‘arasns French Polynesia Indian Ocean West and south-west indian Oceen East Madagascar coastal seas and waters ‘South and south-east African seas and waters: ‘Cape of Good Hope to Delagoa Bay © (2867.24.07) Mozambique current East African seas and waters: Delagoa Bay to Cape Delgado. Mozambique Channel Eastern African coastal waters, of Tanzania, Konya, Somalia: Cape Delgado to Cape ‘Golardafui (Ras Asi) North-western tndian Ocean Gulf of Aden Strait of Bab o! Mandab Red Sea (267.335) (267.337) (287.339) (28735) (287.36) (287.37) (267.38) (267.8) (267.64) (267185) (287.654) (267.857) (267.67) (287.7) (267.74) (287.748) (287.75) (287.76) (267.761) (288) 268.4) (268.45) (268.46) (268.5) (268.52) (258.53) (288.55) (258.56) (268.7) (268.72) (29874) (268.75) (288.77) (268.78) (288.9) (269) (2694) (260.42) iasea) (269.5) (289.52) (259.528) (259.54) (29.56) (288.7) (28) (282) (282.03) (282.08) (282.042) (282.043) (282.044) (282.05) (2822) (282.24) Gui of Suez Gui of Agaba ‘Suez Canal The Gulf (Persian Gul). Strat of Hormu Gulf of Oman Aeabian Se Laccadive Se: HNorth-eastem Indian Ocean Bay of Bengal ‘Andaman Sea uff of Martaban Malacca Strat ‘Seas and waters of south-west Sumatra 9 (267.87.03) Java Trench East and south-east Indian Ocean Nortn-west Australian coastal seas and waters: Melville Island to Nerthwest Cape Timor Sea West Australian coastal seas and waters: Northwest Cape to Cape Leeuwin 9 (267.75.07) West Australian current South Australian coastal seas and waters: Cape Leeuwin lo Cape Howe Great Australian Bight. Bass Strait Arctic Ocean European Arctic Ocgan. © Greoniand Sea, Denmark Strait. Norwegian Sea Barents Sea ‘White Sea (Beloye More) ‘Aslan Arelic Ocean Kora Sea Laptev Sea East Siberian Sea Chukchi Sea ‘American Arctic Ocean Beaufort Sea ‘Seas ofthe Ganatian Archipelago: Viscount Melvile Sound, Lancaster Sounc, McClintock ‘Channel, Gif of Boothia Hudson Bay. Hudson Strait Baffin Bay Lincoln Sea Arctic Basin Southern Ocean (Antarctic Ocean) ‘Allantic sector of Southern Ocean, Scotia Sea Lazarev Sea Drake's Passage (Drake's Strat) Weddell Sea Pacific sector of Southern Ocean, Belingshausen Sea Inner seas of Critean archipelago Strait of Magellan ‘Amundsen Sea Ross Sea Indian Ovean sector of Southern Ocean INLAND WATERS. Flowing waters. Watercourses. Waterways. Rivers = 5565, ‘Source or sources of river et Course of river Upper course of river Middle course of river Lower course of river River mouths. Qutlows, Course and arms of outflow. Deltas. Estuaries River basins and systoms. Rivers with their sources, tributaries and outfiows. European rivers 33(1/9) Table te. Common auxiliaries of place (282.242) (282.282.1) (202.242.11) (262.242.2) (282.242.21) (982.2423) (282.24231) (282,242.32) (282,242.33) (282,242.34) (282,242.35) (282.2424) (282,242.41) (282 242.42) (282.242.43) (282283) (282.243.1) (282.243.163) (282,243.17) (992.243.171) (262.243.2) (282.243.21) (282,243.22) (282.243:3) (282.243:31) (282,243.35) (282 243.38) (262.243.4/8) (282.243.4) (282,243.41) (282.243:5) (282,243.55) (282,243.58) (262.2438) (282,243.61) (282.243.7) 202.268) (282.244.1) (202.244.11) (282.248.12) (202.248.13) (752.244 14) (202.248.2) (202,248.21) — (282.244. 22)- (282.244.23) (282.244.3) Rivers ofthe Bish Isles Rivers of Scotang, Moray. Tay. Forth ‘Solvay, Dee, Spey Clyde Rivers of ireland. © Foyle. Bann. Boyne, Liffey. Slaney. Barrow. Blackwater Lee Shannon Rivers of northern England and north Wales. © Yorkshire Ouse, Dee. Ribble Tyne Tees Humber Trent Mersey Rivers of southern England and south Wales. © Nodotk Ouse. Yare. Stour. Medway. Arun. Exe, Wye. Tawe, Tat Thames Severn ‘Avon ‘Rivers of canral Europe Rhine © (282.243.1.08) Sources ofthe Rhine © (282.243, 1.042) Upper Rhine (Lake Constance to Bingen). Including: Lake Constance (Bodensee). Lake Lucerne © (282.249.1.043) Middle Rhine (Bingen to ‘Godesberg) © (282.243.1.044) Lower Rnine (Godesberg tothe estuary) Ruhr Rivers of tne Rhine estuary LUssel, © Wsseimeer (Zuider Zee) Rivers of north west Central Europe Ems Weser Ele Vitava (Moldau) Saale Havel Rivers fowing Into the Baltic Rivers fowing into the Baltic between Lbeck and Gdansk Trave oder ‘Lousites (Géritenr Neisse (Nysa) Werta Rivers of north-east central Europe Vistula (Wisla”Weichse!) Danyde © (282.243.7.03) Sources of the Danube (9 ((42.243.7.042) Upper Danube (Regensburg to Passau) © (282.243,7.043) Midale Danube (Passau to the Iron Gato) © (282.243,7.044) Lower Danube © (282.243,7.05) Danube Delta ‘RWors of westem mainiand Europe Rivers of westem mainiand Europe Towing inta the North Sea or English Channe! Mouse (Maas) Schelde Somme Seine Rivers of western mainkand Europe Cowing into the Avante Loire Dordogne Garonne Rivers of westem mainiand Europe flowing into the Mediterranean (282,244.31) (282.244.4) (282245) (282.245.1) (282,245,191) (282.245.112) (282.245.1413) (282.245,12) (282,245.13) (282.248.2) (282,245.21) (282.245,22) (282.285,3) (282 245.4) (282.245.5) (282246) (282.246.1) (282246.11) (282.246.2) (282.248.21) (282.246.23) (282:248.24) (282.247) (262.247.1) (282,247.11) (282,247.12) (262,247.13) (262,247.14) (282,247.18) (282.2472) (282,247.21) (282.267 211) (282.247 212) (282.247.218) (262.247.224) (282.247.23) (282,247.28) (282.247281) (282.2473) (202247314) (282.247 318) (282.247.32) (282.287.322) (280.247 324) (202.247.34) (262.247.36) (282.247-362) (282-247-364) (282.247 368) (282.287-38) (282.247.4) (282.247.41) (282.247.412) (282 267.412.2) (282.247.412.4) (2822474135) (282.247.4158) (282,247.42) (282,247,441) (282.247.443) (282.287.445) (282.248) (282.248.1) (282.248.2) (282.248.3) Rone Lake Geneva Rivers of italy Fuvers of northern tay Lake Maggiore Lake Como Lake Garda Adige Po Rivers of cata aly ‘eno Tevere (Tiber) Rivers of southern Italy Rivers of Sicily Rivers of Corsica and Sardinia Rivers ofthe Iberian peninsula Iberian rivers flowing into the Mediterranean Ebro lpatan rivers flowing into the Atlantic Guadalquive “Tagus (Tejo/Tajo) Douro (Duero) Rivers of eastern Europe and the Caucasus Rivers of eastern Europe flowing into the Barents Sea anc White Sea (Beloye More) Pechora Mezer ‘Sevemaya Dvina (Norther Dvina) Onega Rivers ofthe Kola Peninsula Rivers of eastern Europe flowing into the Baltic Neva ‘Oneznskoye Ozera (Lake Onega) LLadozhskoye Ozero (Lake Ladoga) zero Niner’ (Laka ten Nana Zapadnaya Dvina (Wester Ovina) ‘Nemian (Meme!) Borezina Rivers of eastern Europe and the Caucasus ‘sing into the Black Sea and the Sea of Azov = (282.243.7) Dnestr (Dniester) ‘Yuzhnyy Bug (Southem Bug) repr (Dnieper) Pripyat (Pripet) Dasna Rivers of the Crimea Don Khoper ‘everskly Donets Manych ‘Kuban (Hypanis) Rivars of Europe and the Caucasus flowing into the Caspian Sea = (282.255) Volga Oka Moskva ‘Moksha Rybinskoye Vodokhraniishche (Rybinsk Reservoir) Kama ural Kura Terk Kuma Rivers of northern Europe Rivers of Norway Rivers of Sweden Rivers of Finland(1/9) Table 1e. Common au: iaries of place (282.289) (282.249.1) (82.249.3) (282.25) (282252) (82.252.2) (282.252:3) (782.252.4) (282.252.41) (282.253) (282.253.1) (262.253.13) (282.258.48), (282.283.15) (282.263.16) (282.253.17) (282.253.2) (262,253.21) (282,253.22) (282,253.24) (202.253.27) (282.258) (282.254.1) (282.254.11) (282254 2) (282.254.21) (282.258.23) (282.254.231) (282.254.233) (282.254:3) (28225431) (282.254 32) (282.2545) (282.258.6) (282.255) (282,255.1) (282.255.2) (282,255.32) (262.255.5) (282.286) (282.258.1) (282,256.16) (282.256:3) (282.256 341) (282.2566) (282.256.7) (282,256.86) (282257.1) (282.257 2) (282.257:3) (282.287.4) (282.257.5) (232257 58) (282257.6) (282.26) (282.261) (282.261.3) (282,261.31) (282 261.32) (282.261 4) (282.262) (262.2621) (282.262 2) (282.262.4) Rivers of the Balkan Peninsula Rivers ofthe north-west Balkan Peninsula 1 Netetva. Drin, Semen: Rivers of Greece Rivers of Asia Rivers of easter Asia Huang Ho (Hwang HoVYeliow River) ch’ang Chiang (Yangtze Kiang) Rivers of Korea Yalou Rivers of southern Asia Rivers of Southeast Asia Salween Irrawaddy. ©) Chindwin (Chao Praya. © Menam Mekong Red River (Song Hong) Rivers ofthe Indian subcontinent Ganges system, Jumna. Hooghly Brahmaputra system. 1 Tsangpo, Dinang Indus system, C1 Jhelum, Chenab, Ravi, Beas, Suite Rivers of Sri Lanka Rivors of southwest Asia Rivers of Turkey Menderes (Meander) Rivers of the Levant rontes (Asi) sordan ‘Sea of Galilee (Lake Tiberias) Dead Sea Rivers of Mesopotamia Euphrates (Furat) Tigris (Oijlahy Rivers ofthe Arabian peninsula Rivers ofthe iranian picteau, Rivers ofthe inland drainage basins of mila and central Asia flowing into the Aral or Caspian Seas = (282.2474) ‘mu Darya (Oxus) ‘Syr Darya (Jaxartes) Emba zero Bealkhash and its basin Rivars of northern Asia flowing into the Arctic ‘Ocean oe Inysh Yenisei(Ulug-Chem) zero Baykal (Lake Baikal) Lena’ Rivers flowing into the Laptev Sea east of the Lena olyma Rivers flowing into the Bering Sea Rivers of Kamchatka flowing ina the Pacific Rivers of the Kurles Mainland rivers flowing into the Sea of Okhotsk ‘Amu (Hilung-kiang) UUssuri wu-susl Chiang) Rivers of Sakralin Rivers of Africa Rivers flowing ino the Indian Quan, Zambezi Victoria Fats Lake Kariba Limpopo ‘rican iver lowing into the Atlantic range CCunene (Kunene) Congo (Zaire) (282.262.5) (282.2626) (282.2627) (282.262.8) (e2.262.9) (282.263) (282.268.1) (282.263.11) (282 263.12) (282,263.13) (282.263.5) (282.264) (282.264.1) (282.27) (782.271) (282271.1) (282.271.2), (282.2713) (282.271.4) (282.2718) (282.272) (282.272.1) (282.272.11) (282.272.115) (282.272.117) (282.272.2) (282.272.3) (2822724) (282.2725) (2822728) (2822727) (282.272.71) (282272.72) (28227273) (28227274) (28227275) (2622728) (282.272.811.82) (282.2721), (282.272.812) (282.272.813) (282.272.814) (282.272.815) ‘292.272.816) (282.272.817) (282.272.818) (282272819) (282.272.821) (282.2729) (28227291) (282272.92) (28227293) (282.272.931) (282.272.933) (282272.94) (282.272.9041) (82.272.943) (282272.945) (282.272 948) (282272947) (282.272.95) (282.272.9851) Ogooue Niger Senogal Volta Gambia ‘ican rivers flowing into the Mediterranean Nie Blue Ni White Nie Atbara Inland lakes of Atfica. © Lake Tana. Lake Turkana (Rudolf). Lake Vietoria (Victoria ‘Nyanza}, Lake Malawi (Nyasa). Lake Tanganyika Rivers ofthe Atican interlor Chari. Lake Chad Rivers of North America Rivers of North America lowing info the Pacific Fraser Columbia Sacramento Colorado Great Sait Lake Rivers of North America flowing nto the Allantic ‘StLawrence ottawa Great Lakes: Lake Superior, Lake Michigan, Lake Huron, Lake Erie, Lake Ontario Niagara Falls Connecticut Husson Delaware ‘Susquehanna Potomac Mississippi Minos Ohio issour ‘Arkansas Red River Rio Bravo del Norto (Rio Grande). Rio CConchos (Chinuahua) Rivers and inland waters of Mexico Laguna de Chapala Rio dv Conchos (Tamaulipas). © Laguna Madre Rio Pénuco Laguna de Tamiahua Rio do tas Balsas Rio Papaloapan Rio Grijalva Flo Usumacints (Rlo Salinas) Flo Candelaria. © Laguna de Terminos Lake Bacalar Rivers of Guatemala Rio Poloctic, Rlo Dulce, © Lago de lzabal Rio Motagua Rivers of Belize Rio Hondo Bolizo River (Rio Mopn) Rivers and inland waters of Honduras Rio Ulda, Lago de Yojoa Rio Aguan Rio Patuca Laguna de caratasca Rio Coco Rivers of El Salvador Rio Lempa (drains Into Pacific). Lago de Gui. Embalge 15 de Septiembre 44, Embalsa Cerrén Grande 38(1/9) Table te. Common auxiliaries of place (282,272,953) (282,272.96) (282.272.961) (282.272.9862) (282,272,963) (282.272.964) (282272.965) (262.272.966) (282.272.9867) (282.272.968) (282.272 969) (282.2727) (202.272.972) (282.273) (282273.1) (282.273.12) (282.273.2) (222.273.21) (282:273.22) (282.273.222) (282.274) (282.274.1) (2822742) (28227425) (2822743) (20228) (202-281) (282281.1) (202.281.11) (202281.112) (282.281.12) (282.281:121) (282.281.13) (202.2812) (202.201.21) (202.28122) (282,281.23) (282 281232) (282.2128) (282.28125) (282.281.26) (282.28127) (282.28128) (282281.282) (2822813) (282.281:31) (2228132) (282.281.30) (202.281'34) (282.281.35) (22.2814) (28228155) (282.2816) (282261.81) (202.261.2), (262.261.621) (282.281.7) (2822818) (282,261.81) (202.202) (282.2823) (282.282:31) (202.282.32) (282 262:33) (202.282.4) (282283) Rio siboa. Lago de tlopango Rivers of Nicaragua, Costa Rica and Panama Rio Grande de Matagalpa. Rio Tuma Rio Escondido. Rio Siquia. Rio Mico. R'o Rama Rio San Juan, Lago de Nicaragua, Lago de Managua. Rio San Carlos. Laguna de Aranal Ro General Rio Sante Maria Rio Chagres. Madden Lake = (265.159) Rio Chepo Rio Chucunaque. Rio Tuira Rio Balsas. Rivers ofthe Greater Antiles Rivers of Jamaica, 0 Black River, Rlo Grande Rivers of Nocth America flowing into the Arctle Ocean Yukon Klondike River Mackenzie Peace River Great Slave Lake. Great Boar Lake ‘Athabasca River Rivers of North America flowing into the Hudson Bay (Church Nelson-Saskatchewan system Lake Winnipeg ‘Albany Rivers and iniand watere of South America ‘South American rivers flowing into the Atlantic Rivers of northern South America Magdalena Cauca Sinu Lago Cisnage Grande Lago de Maracaivo Rivers of ortheastem South America Orinoco ‘Angel Falls Potaro River Kiteur Falls Demerara River Borbice River Essequibo River Corantin River Suriname River Van Blommestein Mer ‘Amazon (Amazonas) Rio Negro (Braz!) Marafion-Ulcayal, Solimoes Madea Tapajos Xingu Tocantins S80 Francisco LaPlata Uruguay Parana Paraguay Rio Negro (Argentina) Ro Chubut. Rio Chico Lago Colhud Huape, Lago Musters ‘South American rivers flowing into the Pacific Chilean lakes draining into the Pacific Lago Panguipul Lago Ranco Lago de Puyehe (Lago Lanquinie ‘Lakes and inland waters of southern South ‘America (202283.1) (282.283.11) (282 283 12), (282283.13), (202 283.2 (282 28321) (282 263.22) (282283 23) (2822833) (202.285.4) (202 203.41) (202.283.42) (202,283.48) (282.29) (202280) (202293.1) (28229311) (282.294) (282,294.1) (282.204.11) (282.294.12) (282,294.13) (282.294.3) (282.295) (282.296) (2823) (282.5) (285) (285.2) (285.3) (285.32) (205.33) (289) (29) Lago Tiicacs and associated waters Lago Tiesca Rio Desaguadero Lago de Poors Martime lakes of Brazil Lagoa dos Patos S80 Goncales Canel Lage Mim Lago Mar Chute Lakes ofthe Chilean-Argentine Andes Lago Buenos Aires Lago San Martin Lago Argentino Rivers of Oceania Rivers of Melonesia Rivers of New Zealand Lakes of New Zealand. © Lake Taupo. Lake Weakaupu Rivers of Australia Murray Daring Lacan Murumbidgee Swan Rivers of New Guinea Rivers of Polynesia \Watrfals, Rapids. Cataracts. Cascades Canals. Anifical waterways = (26.06) = 626.1 3 656.628 ‘Stil and stagnant waters. Lakes. Ponds. Swamps. Lakes other than those associated with river systems = 55655, Ponds. Swamps. Marshes. Fens = 556.56 Satwator swamps. Salt ponds. Mangrove ‘swamps Freshwater swamps and ponds Brackish waters, ‘THE WORLD ACCORDING TO PHYSIOGRAPHIC FEATURES This allemalive arrangement makes ‘provision for users wishing fo organize the ‘regions of the world by physiographic. features in accordance with their position on the map, rather than either by @ specific ‘hysioaraphic feature whichis proved for by the numbers at (2/288) oF by their continental or poltcal designation, as provided fr in (4/9). lust a8 (3) designates the areas of the word according fo @ Westom view of ancient history, and provision is also made for colocating areas, respective of date, in (49), simifer provision is mode here for those who view the word from the physical geographic point of view. The samo concopts may be expressed, f ‘preferred, through the use ofthe remainder ofthe table together withthe special ‘austary nurbor-92 trom the ‘hysiographic point of view’ (see (1-92)) I required, the areas listed here may be expanded in the usual manner through colon combination withthe remaining fnumbers at (2) and those a (4).(1/9) Table 1e. Common auxiliaries of place (292.2) (292.21) (92.22) (292.23/.24) (292.23) (29224) (292.3) (292.31) (292.32) (292.3) (292.34) (292.418) (292.4) (292.41) (2.411) (202.412) (202.413) (282.418) (292415) (292.416) (29242143) (292.4211.822) (292.421) (200.422) (292.423) (292.43) (292.431) (202.492) (292.4445) (292.441) (292.442) (292.443) (292,444) (202.45) (202.4511.454) (292.451) (282.482) (202453) (202.454) (202.455) (282.456) I this sitemative table is used the 62 aula (see (1-92)) must not be used, and ‘no other number in (2) may be used, except it coloned to a number listed under (29), ‘and then only for the purpose of furtha” specification Arctic regions > (98) European Arctic stands Asian Arctic islands ‘Western Arctic islands (American Sector) = (987) Canadian Arctic islands. Baffin Island Greenland = (982 Antarctic regions. Antarctica = (99) Central Antartc plateau Coastal regions of Eastern Antarcis: ‘West Antarctica, Lesser Antarctica Subantarctic islands Physical regions of Eurasia Physical regions of Europe. Europe as ‘a physical region =) Northern Europe Icelana > (491.1) Jan Mayen = (088) Faeroas > (491.2) Scandinavian Penineula = (48) Fioand and Karelia > (480) ola Peninsula Western and Northern Central Europe Brlish sles + (610) Island of eland > (410.7) = (415) = (417) Great Britain and minor islands ‘Ailantc France Northern Central Europe Northern Central European lowlands Hereynian Central Europe ‘Alps and Carpathian rogions = (234.3) wu = (234.3132) Northern Alpine foreland Alps. + (234.3) Lombardic Lowland (Venetian and Po plains) South-eastern Central Europe Carpathians Western Carpathians = 234.3723) Eastom Carpathians > (234.421.1) Southern Carpathians ‘West Rumanian (Romanian) mountains. Transyivania. Transyvanian Alps = 34.421) Pannorian Basin Lower Danubian plains. Walachia. Dobruja (292.457) (202.46) (292.461) (292.462) (292.463) (282.464) (292.471) (292.4721476) (292.472) (292.473) (292.474) (292.475) (292.476) (292.48) (282.481) (282.4821 484) (282.482) (292.485) (292.484) (292:485).488) (292.485) (292.486) (292.49) (292.491) (202.493) (202.495) (292.497) (292.498) (292.5) (282.81) (292.5117516) (202511) (292.511.1) (292.511.2) (292.511.8) (202.511.7) (292.512) (292.512.1) (292.612.213) (292.6122) (@92.512.3) (292.513) (202.514) (292.816) (292.516) (292.517) (292.518) (202.52) Stara Pranina (Balkan mountains) = (234.42) Mediterranean Southern Europe Iberian Peninsula with Balearic Islands = (46) = (369) Cental Meciterranean islands ‘Appenine Peninsula » 234.41) = (850) Bakan Peninsula = (234.42) Crimea = (477.75) Caucasus = (234.9) = (479) Precaucasian plains Greater Caucasus (Bol shoy Kavkaz) Kolkhida (Rion) Lowlands Kura Depression Lesser Caucasus (Malyy Kavkaz) Russian Plain (East European Plain) Tundra and Forest Tundra region Forest Zone (of the East European Plain) Northern and Central Tayga sub-region enival and Eastern Russian plain ‘Wester Russian Plain Southern Russian Plain Forest-Steppe region ‘Steppe region Ural region = (23485) = (74.11) ‘Tundra and forest tuncra of Pay-Khoy Range ‘ang Polar Ural = (234.851) ‘Talga of Subpotar and Northem Ur Forests of Middle Ural Forest steppe and steppe of Southern Ural > (234.853) ‘Semiceser of Mugoazhery Physical regions of Asia. Asia as a physical region = (5) Northem Asia Siberia = (571.118) West Siberian Pain Tundra and forest tundra of West Siberia (Yamal-Gydan region) ‘Taiga and swamp zone of West Siberia Forest steppe of West Siberia ‘Steppe of West Siberia Middle Siberia Northern Middle Siberia (Taimyr Peninsula and North Siberian Lowland) Middle Siberian Uplands Northern part of Middle Siberian Uplands Central Siberia (Southern part of Middle ‘Siberian Uplands) Lena basin. Central Yakutis(Yakutia basin) “> (282,256.6) Nont-eastern Siberia Altai and Sayan Mountains = (671.18) Baikal region and Tranebalkalia ‘Amur and Primor'ye Region Kamchatka, Kurles => (671.66) Mountainous Middle Asia 37(19) Table 1e. Common auxiliaries of place (292.524) (292.525) (282.526) (282.827) (202.83) (292.538) (282.538), (202.541.58) (292.54) (292.581) (292.542) (292.543) (292.544) (292.548) (292.55) (202.861) (292.552) (292.553) (292.554) (292.56) (292.561) (282.562) (292.583) 292.57) (92.871) (292.873) (292.875) (292.58) (282.69) (292.591) (292.592) (292.593) (292.6) (282.61) (eo261t) (292.612) (292613) (292.82) Kazaknstan-Dzungatian mountainous region = 674) Western Tien Shan = 235216) Gissar-Alay mountainous region = (235.214) Pamir nigh-mourtainous region » (235.211) = (675.22) Contra Asia > (235.2) Tibet = (615) Himalayas = (235.243) ‘iestem Asia Anatole-ranian Plateaux Anatolian Pisteau ‘Armenian Plateau Elbure Mountains ané South Caspian coast = (236.131) Iranian Pisteau. = (235.15) Hindu Kush + (235.212) South-western Asia (Arabian-Mesopotamian regions) Levant > (58) Mesopotamia. Iraq > (687) Arabian Peninsula ‘Sinai Peninsula SSouthem Asia, Indian subcontinent (except Himelayas) = (54) Indus-Ganges Lowland, keto-Gangetic rains = (282.253.21) (282.253.24) Indian Peninsula. 0 Deccan, Malabar (Goast. Coromandel Coast = 235511) ‘Sr Lanka (Ceylon) = (5487) East Asia Japanese archipelago = (62) North-eastern China and Korea Eastern China Indo-China South-oast Asian islands Philippines = (699) ‘Malay archipelago Lesser Sunda islands = (594,711.73) Physical regions of Africa. Africa a8 a Bhysical region > (6 ‘Arican western Mediterranean region. North Wiest Afica Alas Mountains > (236.1) ‘Azores, Madeira and Selvagen Istands = (649.8/9) Canary islands > (649) Sahara, Nie valley = (282.263.1) (292.6369) (202.63) (292.6865) (292.68) (292.65) (202.66) (202.67) (20268) (292.69) (292.7) (292.71) (292.72) (292.73) (202.74) (282.78) (292.76) (92.77) (202.78) (292.78) (292.792) (292.787) (292.8) (202.81) (292.82) (29283) (252.84) (292.86) (292.88) (292.88) (292.89) (292) (292.91193) ‘Sub-Saharan Atica = (6667) Region bordering the south of the Sahara. 1 Sahel. Sudan (r9gl0n) Equatorial Attica Upper Guinea Congo Basin and surrounding are, Lunda-Katanga. Gulf of Guinea islands. St Helena. Ascension > (282.262.4) AAbyesinian highlands. Somalia East African highlands, Rift valley > (676.112) ‘Southern Altica. Lowlands of Mozambique and Natal = (68..) Madagascar. Islands in the western Indian Ocean > (267.23) Physical regions of North and Central ‘America, North and Central America as a physical region ‘Alaskan Cordileras © (237-11) Canadian Conileras (Northern Rockies) Central Coralieras (Southern Rockies) ‘Suuthern Cordileras (Mexican Highlands) Mackenaie Basin. Canadian Shiele/Laurentian Plateau. Labrator = (261.43) = (oi.4a) > (282.2732) Interior plains. Great Piains. Great Lakes. St Lawrence region = (282.2721) ‘Appalachians. = (237.2) Coastal lowlands of Nort America Caribbean region. Cental America. West Ines. Bermuda = (729) Hispaniola Grenadines as a whole Physical regions of South America. South America as a physical region > (238.1) Northern Andes Central Andes ‘Subtropical Andes Patagonian Andes. Terra dol Fuego archipetego > (238.15) = (6289) Patagonia. Falkiand Islands = (628) = (829.1) Interior plains of south-eastem South America. 1D Pampas Sieras. La-Plata Plains, Marmoré. Mojos and Pantanal Plains ‘Amazon basin = (282281 3) ‘South America bordering on Caribboan Sea, (Orinoco basin. Guiana Highlands Australasia. Physical regions of ‘Australia and Oceania. Australia and Oceania as a physical region Avstralia > (a4) 38(1/9) Table te. Common auxiliaries of place 9291) (292.92) (292.83) (282,94/99), (292.94) (282.9596) (309) (34) (19) (32) (33) G4) (35) (51) (952) (@53) (54) (255) (356) 57) (358) (G59) (36) (383) (63.1) (63.2) (@63.3) (63.4) (@63.5) (383.6) (963.61) (@63.62) (264) (5) (268) (+7) West Australian Plateau = (941) Interior Australian depression, Selwyn Heights East Australian Highlands. Tasmania Oceania [New Zealand and adjacent islands = (931) Melanesia + (932/935) (292.95) (292.98) (292.97) (292.98) (292.99) New Guinea = (684) ‘Melanesian archipelago. Islands of Melanesia Micronesia = (965/968) Polynesia. Easter Island => (861/964) Howalian Islands = (738.8) (3) PLACES OF THE ANCIENT AND MEDIAEVAL WORLD Including countries known (o Graeco-Roman antiquity, upto he fall of tho western Roman Empire (ca. AD 476), and other places (e.g. pre-Columbian America) upto the 15th century. Inthe case of Countries where his distinction is meaningless, al Information may optionally be classed in (4/8), 8g. Chine at (510) Legendary countries. conjectural countries. places of uncertain existence, e.g. Atlantis. Fabulous lands = (1-08) = ei = 5724 Anclent China and Japan CCinarum regio. Ancient China Aegyptus. Ancient Egypt Judaea. The Holy Land. Region of the israelites. © Jerusalem. Nazaroth. Bethiehem. Sichem. Jericho Ancient india Medo-Persia Chaldaea ‘Assyria, Assur, Nineveh . Media, Ecbatana Babylonia ‘Anciont Persia. Persepolis Parthis. Hyreania| Sassania (Sassanid Persia) Mesopotamia Susiana, Susa. Elam Regions of the so-called barbarians Rogions ofthe Germanic tribes Regions of the Burgundians, Vandals, Alan, Gepids Regions of the Angles, Saxons, Jutes Rogions of the Alemanni, Herul, Suovi Regions of the Franks Ragions ofthe Langobardi (Lombards) Ragions ofthe Goths Regions of the Ostrogoths (East Goths) Regions of the Visigoths (West Goths) Rogions ofthe Celts Mispania, Iberia Bjitannia, Roman Britain (387) (88) (369.1) (388.2) 37) G75) (76) (38) (391) (392) (393) (393.7) (394) (398.4) (394.5) (94.7) (395) (386) (397) (397.9) (398) (399) (399.7) Regions of tho Slavs Regions ofthe Norcie peoples & Scandinavians, Norse, Normans, Vikings Regions ofthe Huns Regions ofthe Avars Ancient Rome and Italy Roma, Latlum and Clty of Rome Graecia. Ancient Greece Graeciae insulae Asia Minor occidentalis. © Phrygia, Toia (Troy). Lydia Asia Minor orlentalls. 0 Cappadocia. Cilicia. Cyprus: Cyprus Ancient Syri 9s. Arabia 1 Tyre. Sidon. Trpols. Byblos Palaestina, Ancient Palestine ‘Arabia. Arabia Deserta Asia septentrionalis occidentalis. © Scythia. Colchis. Armenia ‘Asia merdionals centralis. © Hyrcania. Bactia Ancient Africa. © Mauretania. Numidia, Karthago (Carthage). Libya. Aethiopi ‘fica propria. 2 Karthago (Carthage) Europa meridionalis orientalis. 0 Dacia, Vindelcia, Rhaetia. Noricum. Pannotia liyta, Dalmatia Other regions. Ancient geographical divisions other than those of classical antiquity Regions of ancient American cultures. Pre-Columbian America (4/9) COUNTRIES AND PLACES OF THE MODERN WORLD The folowing subdivisions represent the currently valid dlvisions of the countries ofthe modem world usualy down to primary sdministrative level ‘Some historical concepts aro also included, and are described as such Secondary and further administrative units may be denoted by tho (1-2) and (1-3) special aurilarles, or using alphabetic extension (Table Th) ‘THE WEST (OCCIDENT) CONVENTIONALLY DEFINED = (1-15) (4) [4-01 EUROPE, Regions of Europe 39(19) Table te. Common auxiliaries of place (en) (4-13) 4-15) (4-17) (4-191.2) (4) (410) (410.4) (410.111.12) (410.111) (ato.tt.11) (410.111.24) (410.412) (410.113) (410.114) (410.115) (410.116) (ai0.117) (410.118) (10.2) (s10.122) (410.128) (s10.128) (10.128) (s10.13) (410.132) (410.134) (410.138) (410.14) 10141) (410.142) (410.144) (610.148) (610.148) (610.15) Eastern Europe. © (470) Russian Federation in Europe. (74.2) Estonia, (474.3) Lata, (474.5) Litwania, (476) Belars. (477) Ukraine (478.8) Moldova. (479.22) Georgia. (379.24) ‘Azerbaijan. (478.25) Armenia = (874) Southern Europe. © (449.49) Monaco. (450) Italy. (454.4) San Marino. (456.31) Vatican City, (458.2) Malta. (480) Spain. (467.2) Andorra. (468.2) Gibraltar, (469) Portugal (495) Greece Wester Europe. © (410) United Kingdom. (417) Ireland. (430) Germany. (435.8) Luxembourg. (44) France. (492) Netherlands. (493) Belgium NNorthecn Europe. © (480) Finland. (484) "Norway. (485) Sweden. (488) Denmark. (481.1) leeiand. (491.2) Faeroe Islands > (48) Central Europe. © (436) Austia. (437.112) Czech Republic. (437.6) Stovak Repubic. (438) Poland. (439) Hungary. (494) Switzerang, (484.9) Liechtenstein. (496.5) Abania. (497.11 + 497.16) Serbia and Montenegro, Yugoslavia, (487-2) Bulgarie. (497.4) Siovenia, (497.5) Croatia, (457.6) Bosnia-Hercegovina, (497.7) Macedonia. (488) Romania BRITISH ISLES (GREAT BRITAIN, IRELAND AND MINOR ISLANDS) (lass here collective works on the British Isles ard the Channel Islands © (41-44) Briish Commonwealth and Empire (generally. NOTE: For specific dependencies see Individual (4/9) numbers > (423.4) = (428.9) United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland ‘lass here also Great Britain (England, Scotland and Weles) England South East Greater London area City of London Gity of Westminster Kent Essex Hertfordshire Bedfordshire Buckinghamshire Oxfordshire Berkshire area Class here also County of Berkshire 1974-1998 Hampshire Isle of Wight West Sussex East Sussex Surrey East Anglia ‘Suffok Norfolk Cambridgeshire st Midiands Northamptonshire Leicestershire Lncolnshire Nottinghamshire Derbyshire ‘Yorkshire and Humberside (410.152) (410,152.21) (410.154) (410.156) (410.158) (410.16) (410.161) (410.182) (410.184) (410.168) (410.168) (410.17) (10.172) (aro) (410.178) (410.178) (410.18) (a0-181) (410-182) (10.188) (410.1842) (410.185) (410.186) (410.188) (410.19) (410.191) (410.192) (410.193) (410.198) (410.195) (410.196) (410.187) (410.198) (410.3) (410311) (410.312) (410.319) ‘a10314) (410315) (410.316) (@10317) Humberside area (Class here also County of Humberside 1974-1996 East Ring of Yorkshire North Yorkshire West Yorkshire area Class here also Metropolitan County of West Yorkshire 1974-1966 South Yorkshire area ‘Class here also Metropolitan County of South Yorkshire 1974-1986 Northern region Cleveland area Class here also County of Cleveland 1974-1996 Durham (county) Tyne and Wear area Class here also Metropolitan County of Tyne and Wear 1974-1966 Northumberland Cumbria North west Lancashir Merseyside area Cass here also Metropolitan County of Morseysido 1974-1986 Greater Vanchestar area Class hare slso Metropolitan County of Greater Manchester 1974-1960 Cheshire West Midlands ‘Staffordshice Shropshire Hereford and Worcester area Class here also County of Hereford and Worcester 1974-1998 Herefordshire Worcestershire Warwickshire West Midlands urban area ‘Class here also Metropotian County of West Migianas 1974-1986 ‘South West Gloucestershire Avon area (lass hore also County of Avon 1974-1996 Witshire Somerset Dorset Devon Cornwall Isles of Scily Ws South Glamorgan area Class here also County of South Glamorgan 1974-1996 West Glamorgan area Class hore also County of West Glamorgan 1974-1996 Mid Glamorgan area ‘Class here also County of Mid Glamorgan 1974-1996 Gwent area ‘Class here also County of Gwent 1974-1998 Powys Chwyd area Giass hore also County of Cheyd 1974-1996 [Gwynedd area, 1 [sie of Anglesey lass here also County of Gwynedd 1974-1996, 40(1/9) Table 1e. Common auxiliaries of place (410818) (10.5, (410519) (410.512) (410.513) (410.518) (410.516) (410.518) (410.521) (410.522) (410.523) (410.524) (410.528) (410.528) (10.7) (410.712.7148) (410.712) (410,712.12) (41071214) (410,712.16) (410.712.18) (610,712.22) (410,712.24) (410,712.26) (410,712.28) (410.714) (410.714.12) (10,714.14) (410,714.16) (410.714.18) (410.716) (610.716.12) (410,716.14) (410.716.18) (410.716.18) (410.716.22) (410.718) (410.718.11) (410.718.12) (410.718.14) (410,718.16) (410.718.18) (410,718.22) (410.718.24) (410.718.26) (410.718.28) (411/429) (ar) Git) an) 113) (ai14) (11518) G15) (@it9) Dyfed area Cass here also County of Dyfed 1974-1996 Scotland Lothian area Class here also Lothian Region 1975-1996 Central area ‘Class here also Central Region 1975-1996 Fite Tayside area (Class here also Tayside Region 1975-1996 Grampian ares Class here also Grampian Region 1975-1996 Highland Oriney Islands Shetand Istands. © Fair isle. Fouls \Westem Isles, ©) Outer Hebrides, Rockall Rona, 8 Kilda Strathciyde area Class here also Strathelyde Region 1975-1906 Dumities and Galloway ‘The Scottish Borders ‘Class here also Borders Region 1975-1996 Northern ireland Districts of Norther Irland Districts in the north-eastern area of Northern Irelana Belast Newtownabbey Cartiextorgue Lome Moyle Ballymoney Ballymena Aotrin Districts inthe northern area of Netheen Irolans Magherafelt Coleraine Limavady Derry Formarly: Londonderry Districts in the western area of Northern Irland Dungannon Cookstown ‘Omagh Strabane Fermanagh Distiets in the south-eastern area of Nosthern Irolang ‘Armagh Newry ané Mourne Banorioge Down Ards North Down Castlereagh Usburn Craigavon Traditional divisions of the United Kingdom. Republic of Ireland ‘Scotland: traditional divisions County of Zetland. Shetland islands County of Orkney. Orkney Island Caithness Sutherland Ross and Cromarty (single county, 1889-1975) Cromarty to 1889) Ross (to 1889) (ait) (412) (a2) (3122) (3123) (4124) (4125) (4129) 13) 13.) 4132) 4133) (134) (4135) (135) (137) (e138) (139) 41a) (414ay (4142) (4143) (41442) (414.45) (61452) (41455) (414.62) (41465) (147) (ia) (414.92) (41495) (415) (419) (e161) (162) (a8) (4185) (4166) (168) (ain (arr) (a779) (azn) aar7713) (417715) (417.717) (417.72) (417-722) Hebrides (Outer and Inner Hebrides) North central Scotland ‘Also used for tho Highlands in general Inverness-shire. & Reckall, St Kida Nairnshire Moray (Eiginshire) Bantishire Aberdeenshire Kincardineshire ‘South central Scotland ‘Angus (Fortarshire) Perthshire Fite Kinross-shire Clackmannanshire Stitingshire Dunbartonshire Acgylshire Buto, with Arran ‘Southern Scotland ‘Also used for the Lowlands in general Renfrewshire Ayrshire Lanarkshire West Lothian (Linithgowshire) Migiothian East Lothian (Haddingtonshire) Berwickshire Peeblesshire (Tweddle) Selkireshire Roxburghshire Dumfriesshire Kirkcudbrightshire Wigtownshire Ireland (geographical whole) = (292.421) (410.7) 3417) Northern Ireland: traditional county divisions The name ‘Ulster is sometimes used Joosely as a synonym for Northern ireland; lass such information at (416), But ‘istoricaly, Ulstar was a larger eras: itn ‘doubt, prefer (417-89ULS) Antrim Londonderry (Derry) Tyrone Down ‘Acmagh Fermanagh Ireland. Republic of retand. Eire © (417-89) Historic and traditional divisions of Ireland. Incluging: Provinces. Kingdoms. Overtordships © [417-89CON) Connacht © (417-89LE!) Leinster © (817-89MUN) Munster © (417-89ULS) Uister = (418) Southarn and Eastern Regional Authority Dubin region Cass here the former Dublin county Dublin (ity) Fingal (county) South Dublin (county) ur LaoghairefRathdown (county) Mid-east region Meath (county) a"(1/9) Table 1e. Common auxiliaries of place (417.724) (417.728) (417.73) (417731) (417.733) (417.738) (417.737) (417-739) (ar7.74) (417.742) (417.744) (817.746) (417.75) (417.752) (417.755) (4178) (417.82) (417.821) (417.423) (417.825) (17.827) (417.84) (417.842) (417.844) (417.48) (417.86) (417.261) (417.863) (a17 868) (a17.266) (417.867) (617.860) (420) (421) (aan (4212) (421) (aan (4215) (421.6) (421.9) (4224) (4223) (4225) (422 (4228) (4228) (423.1) (4233) 4234) (423.41) (423.43) (423.432) (423.44) (423.442) (423.45) (423.452) Fildare (county) ‘Wicklow (county) Sout east region Cariow (county) Wer‘or (county) Kakennyieouny) Waterford (county). 2 Waterford (city) Tipperary South Riding (county) Mek weot region Tipperary Nosh Rising (county) Umer (cour). = Lire) Clare (county) Southwest elon Cork (county). © Cork oy Ken (count) Borde, Midlands Western Regional Authority Midands reson L208 (county) Formerly known 28 Queen's County Otay (county ‘amerty known as King's County Westmeath (county) Longford (county) West region Roscommon (county) ‘Galway (county). C Galway (city) Mayo (county) Border region ‘Sligo (county) Lin county) Donegal county) ‘Cavan (county) Monaghan (county) Louth county) England: traional divisions Coury of London (1899 to 1965) London nerf the Thames Cental London. © Cty of London. Boroughs of Finsbury, Holborn Wiest London, © Cty of Westminster Boroughs of Chlsee, Fuham, Hammersmith, kensingon, Paddington Noth London boroughs. © Hackney Hampstead. sington. St Marylebone St Pancras, Stoke Newington East London boroughs. © Bethnal Green. Poplar. Shore Stpney London south ofthe Thames. © Battersea Bermondsey. Comberwel, Deport Greenwich, Lambeth, Lenisham, Southwark Wandsworth, Woolwich Madisex surey ent Sussex 9 (4225-11) East Sussox 9. (422.519) West Sussex Hampabire Iso oF Wight Berkshire ‘witshie Dorset Chennel sands Sersy. © slets near Jersey: Ecréhous, es Wines et Guernsey (Guemesey) tineu Herm stow Sark (Sereq) Bréchou (23.47) (4238) (4237) (23.8) (4241) (424.3) (424.4) (4245) (424.6) (424.7) (424) (425.1) (425.2) (4253) (425.42) (25.45) (4255) (425.62) (425.65) (428.72) (425.75) (425.8) (425.9) (428.1) (426.4) (426.7) (27.1) (427.2) (27a) (428.1) (4282) (4285) (428.8) (423.9) (429) (429.1) (429.22) (429.25) (429.32) (429.35) (429.4) (429.5) (429.62) (429.65) (429.7) (429.8) (4239) (430) (430.1) 430.1997 (430.113) (430.115) ‘Alserney (Aurigny), 0 Islets near Alderney: Burhou, les Casquets Deven Cornwall. isles of Sly Somerset Gloucestershire Monmouthshire Herefordshire Shropshire Staffordshire Worcestershire Warwickshire Derbyshire Nottinghamshire Lincolnshire Leicestershire Rutiand Northamptonshire Huntingdon and Peterborough (single county, 1965-1974), Huntingdonshire (to 1965). Soke ‘of Peterborough (county status, 1888-1965) Bedfordshire Oxfordshire Buckinghamshire Hertfordshire ‘Cambridgeshire and Isle of Ely "Norfolk Surfolk Essex Cheshire Lancashire Yorkshire © (4274-11) East Riding © (427.4-18) West Riding © (4274-17) North Riding Durham, county Northumberland Cumberland Westmorland Isle of Man. Wales: traditional divisions Montgomeryshire Cardiganstire Radnorshire Brecknockshire Glamorgan Carmarthenshire Pembrokeshire GERMANY. FEDERAL REPUBLIC OF GERMANY (BUNDESREPUBLIK DEUTSCHLAND) ‘Class hore information sbout the Federal Ropublic of Germany from 1990, and about Germeny as a whole at any period © (430-25) Berlin as capital of Germany {option}. NOTE: Class here if postion following (430) is required. Min doubt. prefer (430.131) Western and southern Lander ‘Class hore also formation about Western ‘Germany from 1945 and the Federal Repu of Gormany, 1949-1990 Land Schleswig-Holstein Land Hamburg Land Bremen 42(1/9), Table 1. Common auxi ies of place (430.117) 430.117.1) (430.1173) (490.1178) (430-1177) (490-118) 490.119.1) (430.1193) (490.119.8) (430.118.7) (430.1188) (430.121) (480.121.1) (430.121.3) (490.424.5) (430.123) (490.123.1) (490.123.3) (430.123.5) (430.125) (430.127) 430.127.1) (430.1273) (430.1275) (430.127.7) (430.129), (430:129.1) (430.129.2) (430.129.3) (90-129.4) (430.1295) (430.129.7) (430-128.9) (480-131) (430.131.1) (490.191.2) (430.2) (430.266) (430.248) (430.246.1) (490.246.3) (430248.5) (430.247) (430.248) (430.248.1) (430.248.3) (430.2485) (430,249) (430.3) Land Niedersachsen (Lower Saxony) © (430.117:210.7FRI) The East Frisian letands Regierungsbezitk Weser-Ems Regierungsbezirk Lineburg Regierungsbezirk Braunschweig Regierungsbezirk Hannover Land Nordrhein-Westfalen (North Rhine - Westohalia) Regierungsbezirk Dasseldort Ragiarungsbezirk Munster Rogierungabezitk Deimold Regierungsbezirk Amsbers Reglerungsbezirk Koln Land Hessen Reglerungsbezitk Kassel Reglerungsbezir« Giessen Regierungsbezirk Darmstadt \Land Rheinland-Pfalz (Rhineland Palatinate) Rogierungsbear's Teer Regierungsbezirk Koblenz Reglerungsbezirk Rheinhesser-Prolz Saariand Land Beden-Worttemberg Regierungsbezirk Karisruno Roglorungsbezirk Stuttgart Regienungsbezik Tubingen Regierungsbezirk Freiburg Land Bayern (Bavaria) Fegiorungsbezirk Untorfranken ogierungsbezirk Obertrankon Regiorungsbezirk Miteliranken Reglerungsbezirk Oberpfaiz Reglerungsbezirk Niederbayern Regierungsbezirk Oberbayern Rogierungsbazirk Schwaben Land Bern Class hare Borin as @ whole, Option: soe (430-28) Western distits Class here West Berlin 1945-1900, Eastern districts ‘Class hore East Borin 1945-1990, Option: see (430.9-25) tony period. Eastern Lander ‘lass hore also Eastem Germany from 1948 and the German Democratic Republic (Doutsche Demokratische Republik) 1249-1990, Option: soo (439.3) Lend Brandenburg Land Sachsen (Saxony) Regiorungebezirk Dresden Reglarungsbezirk Chemnitz Reglarungsbezik Leipzig Land Tharingen (Thuringia) Land Sacheen-Anhalt (Saxony-Anhalt) Regiorungsbezirk Magdeburg Regierungsbezirk Dessau Regierungsbezirk Halle Land Mecklenbura-Vorpommern (Mecklenburg - West Pomerania) This section an option that may be usod it 2 separate historical soquance for Information about Easter Germany ~ 1945-1990, particulary the German Democratic Republic (Deutsche Domokratsche Republik) 1949-1990, is (430.313) (430.315) (430.317) (430.319) 430.221) (430.323) (430.325) (430.327) (430.329) (430.351) (430.333) (430.335) (430.337) (430.338) (431/435.2) (431) (aay (3382) (43125) (4313) (491.35) (asta) (4315) (431.8) (4317) (asta) (432.1) (432.2) (433). (434.2) (434.2) 434) (434.45) (4345) (434.6) (434.7) (434.9) (435.1) (435.19) (435.2) (435.25) (4353) (435.4) (4355) (435.6) (435.7) (asa) (435.9) (435.81) (435.92) (435.93) (436) (498.1) ‘roquired, tin doubt, prefer (430.2) for Information about Eastorn Gormany a8 @ whole, Use the subdivisions of (420.3) only for information specificaly about the DDR and ts pans © (430.3-25) Berlin (Ost). East Berlin as ‘capital ofthe German Democratic Republi NOTE: If in doubt, class East Berin at (490.1312) ‘Bezirk Rostock Bezirk Neubrandenburg Bezirk Potsdam Bezirk FrankturvOder Bezirk Cottous Bezirk Dresden Bezirk Leipzig Bezirk Kar-Marx-Stadt Bezik Gi Bezirk Su Bezirk Erfurt Bezirk Halle Bezirk Magdeburg Bezirk Schwerin Individual states of Germany, -1934 ‘Only for classifying historeal information PREUSSEN (PRUSSIA) Ostpreussen (East Prussia) = (470.26) Westproussen (West Prussia) cela Stadt Danzig (Free City of Danzig) Posen ‘From 1722 patton of Poland to 1919 ‘Geenzmark Posen-Westpreussen Schiesien (Silesia) Brandenburg Pommem (Pomerania) Mecklenburg ‘Sachson (Provin) (Saxony) Sachsen (Land) (Saxony) Thiringen (Thuringia) Bayern (Bavaria) Hesson Hesse) Rheinprovine (Rhine Province) Elsass-Lothringen From 1870 0 1919 seus (Aisace) Lothringen (Loraine) Baden Worttemterg Hohenzollern Schieswig Holstein Hamburg Oldenburg Bromen Hannover (Hanover) Braunschweig (Brunswick) Lippe Westalon (Westphata) Waldeck. Pyrmont Hessen-Nassau LUnxembourg: Grand Duchy of Luxembourg Loxembours (at) Diekireh Grevermacher AUSTRIA. REPUBLIC OF AUSTRIA. REPUBLIK OSTERREICH ‘Primary adminisirave divisions Bundestinder wien 43(1/9) Table 1e. Common auxi (496.2) (4383) (436.4) (438.5) (436) (436.7) (4368) (4259) (as) (497.3) (437.31) (37.311) (437.312) (437.313) (437.314) 437.315) (437.316) 437.317) (497.318) (497.319) (437.32) (437.322) (437.323) (437.324) (437.328) (437.328) (437.33) (437.4) (437.5) (4376) (437.61) «as7.61t) 437.612) (437.813) Niederésterreicn Burgeniang Steiermark ‘anton Tirol Vorarberg Salzburg Oberdsterreich CZECHOSLOVAKIA, 1918-1992 CZECH REPUBLIC. CZECHIA. CESKA REPUBLIKA. CESKO, 1993- in 1992 the Federal Parliament of the Czech and Slovak Federal Republic (formerly Czechoslovakia) decided to ave the country ino two states; thus the Czech ‘Ropublic and the Siovak Republic came into being on 1 January 1993. For Siezsko (Silesin),eveviously a his number, see (437.33) = 437) Gechy (Bohemia) ‘aha (era) (Prague region) ‘Stiedosesky kraj (Central Bohemia region) Krlovéhradecky kraj (Hradec Krdlové region) Pardubicky kraj (Pardubice region) UUstecky kraj (Usii nad Laer region) Liverecky 4a (Liberec region) izefekj kaj (Pize® [Pilsen] region) Karovarshy kraj (Karlovy Vary (Karlsbad) region) inoseskj kraj (south Bohemia region) Morava (Moravia) Jinomoravsky kraj (South Moravia region) inky kraj (Zt region) kraj Vysagina (Vysocina region) CClomeuck) kraj (Olomouc region) “Moravskoslezskj kraj (Moravian and Silesian region) Slezsko (Silesia) Galicia (Galizion), 1919 Bukowina, -1919 SLOVAKIA. SLOVAK REPUBLIC. ‘SLOVENSKO. SLOVENSKA REPUBLIKA, -1993. In 1992 tho Foderal Parliament ofthe Czech and Slovak Fedoral Republic. (ormérsy Czechoslovakia) decided io divide {tho country into two states: thus the Czech ‘Republic and the Slovak Republic came into ‘being on 1 January 1998. For Slezsko (Silesia) previously a his ‘number, s60 (437.33) = 437) raj Zapadoslovensky (west Slovakia) Class hore also former Kraj Zépadosiovensty Bratslvsiy (Bratislava) (region). © Bratisiava Ito Bratislava V. Malacky. Pezinok. Senec (Gistricts) ‘Tmavsky (Trnava) (region). 1 Dunajska Streda, Galanta, Hlohovec. PieStany. Senica. SSkalca. Tmava (distics) ‘Trenéiansky (Trencin) (region). © Bénoves nad Babravou. lava, Myjava. Nové Mesto nad \Vahom. Partzdnsks, Pova3/4ska Bystrica. Prievidza. Péchov. Trendin (cstricts) (437.614) (437.64) 497.641) (437.642) (497.67) 437.671) (437.872) (437.7) (438) (438.11) 438.12) (438.13) (430.14) (430.15) (438.16) (438.10) (438.19) (438.21) (438.22) (438.23) (438.24) (438.25) (438.26) (43.27) (438331) (438 32/44) (438.32) (438.38) (438.34) (438.41) (438.42) (438.43) (438.44) (439) Nitiansky (Nitra) (Fegion). © Komémo, Leviee. Nitra. Nové Zamky. (c)al’a. Topol Zany. Zits Moravee (districts) Regions of central Slovakia Giass here also former kraj Strodosiovonsky, {oiinsky (Zina) (region). © Bytca. Cada, Dany Kubin. Kysueké Nové Mesto. Liptovek) Mikula8. Martin, Némestovo, Ru3/omberok. Turtianske Teplice, Twrdodin. (lina (aistriets) Banskobystricky (Banska Bystrica) (region), 1 Banska Bystrica (district). Banska (chiara, Brezno. Delva. Krupina. Lutanec. Poti, Rewica, Rimavsta Sobota, Velky Kris, (amovica. (Alar nas Hronom. Zvolen (districts) Regions of eastern Slovakia ‘Class here also former kre) Vjchodoslovenshy PreBovsk) (Presov) (region). © Bardejo. Humenné. Ke3/4merok. Levota. Medziaborce. Poprad. Prefov. Sabinov. Srina, Stara Lubovfa. Stropkov. Svidaik. Vranov nad Toptou (districts) Kotick) (Ko8ice) (region). 2 Gelnica, Kosica | to IV (districts). Kosice-okole. Michalovce, Rodiditava. Sobrance, Spiiska Nova Ves. “Trebisov (distrlets) ZAKARPATSKA UKRAJINA (TRANSCARPATHIAN UKRAINE! CARPATHO-RUSSIA/RUTHENIA), 1918-1938 POLAND. POLISH REPUBLIC Primary administrative avisions: Wojewodztwa + (675) Wojewodatwo warszaekle, Warszame (Warsaw) Wojewodztwo iodzkie. Lodz Wiojewooztwo keleckie. Kielce Wojewodztwo lubelske. Lublin Wojewooztwo bialostockle, Bialystok Wojewodztwo gdanstie. Gdansk (Danzig) => (431.28) Wejewodztwo olsztynski. Olsztyn (Allenstan) Wejewodztwo opolskie. Opele (Oppel) Wolewodztwo bydgoskie. Bydgoszcz (Bromberg) Wojewodztwo poznanskie. Poznan (Posen) = (431.3) Wojewodziwo katowicke, formery Slask (Gilesia). Katowice = (431.8) Wojemodztwo rzeszowskie. Rzeszow Woletodetwo szczecinskie. Szczecin (Stettin) Wolemadetwo wroclawskie. Wroctaw (Breslau) Wojewodztwo zielonogorski. Zislona Gora Wojewodztwo krakowskie. Krakow (Cracow) Historical divisions of Poland Lwow (Lemberg) Starislawow Tamopel Wolyn Polesie Nowogrodek Wino HUNGARY. HUNGARIAN REPUBLIC Primary administrative divisions: megyek. Divide alphaboticaly where net otherwise provided for “4(1/9) Table te. Common auniliaries of place (439.11) (90.111) (as9.113) (39.114) (430.118) 439.117) s9.118) (39.121) (439.123) (439.125) (439.127) (239.13) (439.131) (439.133) (439.134) (439.136) (439.138) (as9.14) (438.15) (429.151) (439.183) (438.155) (439.16) (32.161) (439.163) (439.165) (439.169) (439.173), (439.175) (499.18) (439.181) (439.183) (439.2) (43021) (49922) (499.22) (499.24) (43925) (438.26) (439.5) (499.55) (439.56) (44) (aat.tra) (aan) (412) (441.3) (aan) (441.51.9) (415) (443.6) (444.7) (4a.8) (441.9) (442.113) (442.418) (4424) (4422) (4423) 2 (439MIS) Miskole megye © (439PEC) Pecs megye © {490SZE) Szeged megye Transdanubia. Dunantul (it bank of the Danube) area Vas megue ‘Sopron varmegye (Oe Gybr-Sopron megye Komarom megye Veszprem megye Feler moayo Zala megye Somogy megye Tolna megye Baranya mogye North Hungary Nograd megye Heves megye Borsod-Abau}-Zemplen megye ‘Abau-Torna varmegye (historical) Zemplen varmegye (historical) A\fold (Great Basin) area Duna-Tieze area (Danube-Theiss basin} Budapest Pest megye Bacs-Kiskun megye Tiezantul (left bank ofthe The! Szaboles-Szatmar megye, ‘Szalmar-Ugocsa-Bereg-Ung (historical) Szaboles varmegye (historical) Haidu aye Szolnok megye Bihar varmegye (historical) Bekés megye Tisza-Maros (Thelss-Maros) basin Csongrad megye Csanac-Arad-Torontal varmegye (historical) Former provinces of Hungary, to 1919 Erdély (Transylvania) Szlovakia Karpatala (Ruthenia) Horvat-Szlavonorszag (Croatia, Slavonia) Fiume Nyugat-Magyarorszag (Burgenland) Former Austro-Hungarian provinces, to 191 Bosznia Hercegovina FRANCE. FRENCH REPUBLIC. REPUBLIQUE FRANCAISE Primary adminisiraive divisions: ‘départements grouped into conventional regions Brotagne (Brittany) Finlstere Cotes c'armor Mocbinan Meet-Vlaine Pays de la Loire. Région Late-Atantique Mayenne Sare Maine- (497.7) BULGARIA. REPUBLIC OF BULGARIA Northern Bulg Varna vida vrais Pleven (Plevna) Ruse (Ruschuk) Veliko Turnove (Tumove/Tinova) ‘Shuren (KolarovgradiSumia) Western Bulgaria Kyustendi (Keustendi) Petrich Sotiya (Sofia) ‘Southern Bulgaria Burgas Momehilgrad (Mastani) ‘Smolyan (Pashmakl) Ploval (Philippopolis) Stara Zagora Knaskovo (Haskovo) SLOVENIA. REPUBLIC OF SLOVENIA. SLOVENWJA, 199: ‘Slovenia is aivided into 12 adminstative (statstica) regions and 193 municipaitios (source: Municipalties and statistical ragions of Repubis 0 Slovenia, 1 January 2004" by Geodatska uprava Republke 1991(1/9) Table 1. Common aux‘ ies of place (497.41) (497 411) (497.412) (497413) (497.43) (497.431) (497.432) (497.433) (497.434) (497.45) (497.451) (497.451.1) (497.452) (497.47) (497.471) (497.472) (497.473) (497.5) (497.52) (497.521) (497.523.2) (497.5213) (497.5215) (497.521 6) (497.522) (497.523) Stovenja in Statisténi urad Republike ‘Sloveny,hip//www stat s/doc/pub/ ‘fo _figures.04 pal, page 78) = (697.12) Regions of north-eastern Slovenia Pomurska, Murska Soota (town) (Class here: Prekrmune, Gorcko Podravska, Maribor (town) Class here: Podrave, Priekija Koro8ka, Slovenj Grade (town) Regions of eastorn Slovenia, Savina, Cale (town) Zasavska, Tibovle (town) ‘Class here: Zasavje, Ci revir ‘Spodnieposavska, Krsko (town) Jugovzhodna Slovenija (Southeastern Slovenia), Novo Mesto (town) Class here: Dolenjska, Bole Kraina, Kotevska Regions of north-western and central Slovenia Osrednjesiovenska (Central Slovenia) LGubjana (state capital) Gorenyska, Kran) (town) Regions of western and south-western Slovenia Notranisko-kraska, Postojna (town) lass here: Notranjska ‘Obalno-kra8ka, KoperiCapodistria (lown) (Class here: Primorska, Primore, Kras Goritka, Nova Goria (town) (Class here: Sevema Primorska, Tolminska, Bovsko, dnjsko, Cerkjansko CROATIA. REPUBLIC OF CROATIA. HRVATSKA, 1991- ‘Croatia is divided into 21 counties (@upanja) including Grad Zagreb; The following classification allows forthe five ‘major geographical areas: Centrat Croatia Mountain Croatia; Istria and Kvemer; and Southern Croatian Coast, /& Dalmatia and Dalmatian Coast. Within these are the 20 traditional, functional regions. ¢.9. the ‘subdlusions of (407.521); these are the ocus of much literature. Finally, the 24 Zupanja are alowed for, being the oficial ‘administrative structure, though not of much documentary significance, Where these are Ccouxtensivo with functional regions, they eat with in ‘class here’ notes, as at (497.522); where several are contained within a 2g!0n, they are enumerated, as in the subdivisions of (497.525); where 3 ragion is contained within 2 2upania, the region is rotationally subordinate, 9s at (497.529.1); finaly, where there is no Correspondence ata, the fupaniia has its ‘own class mark, as (497.526). » (497.13) ‘Sredisnja Hrvatska (Central Croatia) Zagrebacka Zupanija Zagreb (capital). Grad Zagreb (Cty of Zagreb) 2umberak Prigone Turopolle Hrvaisko 2agoro. © Krapina (town) (Class hore Krapinsko-zagorska 2upania \Varaidinska Supania. © Varaidin (town) (497 524) (497.525) (497.528.1) (497.5252) (497.526) (497.527) (497.527.1) (497.5272) (497.5283) (497.529) (497.529.1) (497.54) (497.541) (497.542) ia7.s49) (497.544) (497.56) (497.561) (497.562) (497.57) (497.571) (497.572) (497.58) (497.581) (497.581.1) (497.581.2) (497.583) (497.584) (497.6) (497.7) (498) (498.1) (498.41) (498.12) (498.13) Meaimurje. © Cakovec (town) Class here Medimurske 2upanio Podravina Koprivrigho-krigevacka 2upaniia. © Koprivnica (own) Viroviiéko-podravska tupanie, © Virovivea (town) Bjelovarsko-blogorska Zupanija. © Bjelovar (own) Sisaéko-moslavacke 2upanj © Sisak (town) Mosiavina Pokuple Banovina Karlovatka 2upaniia. 0 Kariovac (town) Kordun Istogna Hrvatska (Eastern Croatia). Siavonija (Slavonia) Zapadna Stavonija. 3 Pokega (town) Class here Potesko-siavonske 2upaniia Posavina. © Slavonski Brod (town) Class hore Brodsko-posavska Zupania Baranja. © Osijek (town) Class here Osjeckorbaranjska 2upaniia Zapadni Srjom. © Vukovar (town) Class here Vukovarsko-srjemska 2upania Gorska Hrvatska (Mountain Croatia) Gorski Kotar. © Rijeka (town) ‘Class here Primorsko-goransks 2upaniia Lika, © Gospi¢ (Lown) (Class here Litko-senjska 2upania Istra Istria). Hrvatsko primorjo (Kvarner Kvarnerski otoci, ) Pazin (administrative cent). Pula (town) Istra (atria) Clas here Istarska 2upania Hrvatsko primorje. Kyatner. Kvamerski otoch (varneristends) = (497.561) Jutno Hrvatsko primorje (southern Croatlan ‘coast). Dalmaclja (Dalmatia). Dalmatinski ‘toc! (Dalmatian islends) ‘Sjeverna Dalmacija (Nerthem Dalmatia). 1 Sjevero-dalmatinsk! ote (Northern Dalmatian islands) Zadarsko-kninska 2upanija. 0 Zadar (town) Sibenska Zupanija. c Sibenik own) ‘Sredisnja Dalmacja (Central Dalmatia). 2 Spit (lown). Srednje-dalmatinski oloci (Central Dalmatian islands) Cass here Splisko-dalmatinska 2upania luina Dalmacia (Southern Dalmatia. 15 Dubrovnik (city). Judno-dalmatinski otoc, (Southern Dalmatian islands) Class here Dubrovacko-neretvansha aupanja BOSNIA-HERZEGOVINA. REPUBLIC OF BOSNIA-HERZEGOVINA. BOSNA | HERCEGOVINA, 1991- = (497.18) MACEDONIA. FORMER YUGOSLAV REPUBLIC OF MACEDONIA. MAKEDONIJA, 1991- = (697.17) ROMANIA, REPUBLIC OF ROMANIA ‘Muntenia (Great Wallachia) ov. Bucuresti (Bucharest) Prahova, Ploesti Bralla 63(1/9) Table te. Common auxiliaries of place (498.2) (49621) (498.3) (498.31) (498.32) (498.4) (490.41) (498.42) (498.43) (498.44) (498.45) (498.46) (498.5) (498.6) (498.7) (498.71) (498.72) (498.8) (498.81) (498.82) (8) (6-11) (612) (13) (615) (6191.2) (510) (51) (st) (611.12) (611.13) (511.2) (61121) (511.218) 481122) (61123) (sit) Oltenia (Little Wal oj (Doliu}. Craiova Moldava (Romar last Covel, Gatti Transylvania = (438.21), Maramures (Maramaros). Sighet Cojocna (Kolozs). Cluj (KolozsvariKlausenburg) Binor. Oradea (NagyvaradiGrosswardein) Arad Brasov (Brasso) Sibiu (Szeben). Sibiu (Nagyszeben) Banat. Timis. Timisoara (Temesvar) Bukovina, -1940. Southern Bukovina, 1940- = 6778) Bessarabia, -1940 = (78) Chisinau (now Kishinev) ‘Akkerman (now Belgored Dnestrovskiy) Dobrogea Danube Della ‘Constanta ASIA ‘Class here also Orient in general Eastom Asta. Far East. cl (510) China. (612.317) Hong Kong. (512.318) Macau. (617.3) Mongolia (519.3) North Korea. (519.5) South Korea. (520) Japan. (628) Taiwan South-oast Asia. 5 (691) Myanmar. (592.9) ‘Singapore, (592.6) Brunei. (593) Thailand (694) Indonesia. (595) Malaysia (536) Cambodia, (597) Vietnam, (698) Laos. (589) Philippines. South Asia. 2 (540) India. (641.31) Bhutan. (641.35) Nepal. (648.82) Maldives. (548.7) Sx Lenka. (549.1) Pakistan. (549.3) Bangladesh Western Asia, Near andlor Midele East, 13 ($32) Saudi Arabia. (636.2) United Arab Emirates. (533) Yemen. (535) Oman. (536.4) Qatar. (536.5) Bahrain. (536.8) Kuwait (55) Iran, (884.3) Cyprus. (567) Iraq. (568-1) Syria (563.3) Lebanon. (569 4) Israel. (569.5) Jordan Central Asia. 0 (874) Kazakhstan. (578.1) Uzbekistan. (575.2) Kirghizla. (675.3) ‘Tajkistan. (675.4) Turkmenistan. (581) Afghanistan CHINA. PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA ‘Names of places are given primarily in Pinyin romanization (if availabe), flowed in parentheses by other spelings with some curancy Hebel (Hope!) Baiing (Pel-ching/Poking) Tienjin(Tien-ching, Tientsin) Former autonomous provinces ‘Shandong (Shantung). Jinan (Chinan) Weihai ‘Shanxi (Shansi). ©) Talyuan Henan (Honan): 5 Kaifeng Klang-nan (historical) (1131) (611.32) 61133) (512) (512.1) 12.11) 612.12) (5122) (1221) (612.22) (12a) 61231) (123m) (12317) 612.318) (612.32) 61233) (513) (134) (6132) 1221) (613.22) (514) 514.) (614.11) (614.32) (515) (6187) (516) (517) (517.3) 517.32) (517.4) (518) (18.1) (18.11) (61812) (18.14) 18.15) (6182) (5183) Jiangsu (Ciangsu, Kiangsu). 1 Nanjing (Wanching, Nanking), Shanghai Anhui (Anhwei). © Anging (Anching, Anking, Huaining) siangxi (Kiangs). © Nanchang South-eastern China > (529) Min-che Fujian (Fuchien, Fukien). 9 Fuzhou (Fuchow, Foochow) Zhejiang (Chechiang, Chekiang). & Hangzhou (Hangenow) Hu region FHubel (Hupel, Hupeh). «1 Wuhan Hunan. © Changsha Guan (Kwang) region Guangdong (Kwangtung). | Guangzhou (Kuangchow, Canton) Hainan provinee Hong Kong, Special Administrative Region Macao (Macau), Special Administrative Region Guangxi Zhuang Zizhiqu (Kwangsi Chuang ‘Autonomous Region) kwangchow Wang/Kouang Tehéouswan (French, historical) South-western China ‘Sichuan (Ssu-ch’uan, Szechwan) ‘Yun-Gui (Yunkwet) Yunnan Guizhou (Kueichow) North-western China = (516) Shaan-Gan (Shen-kan) region Shaanxi (Shensi) Gansu (Kansu) Xizang Zizhiqu. Tibet Autonomous Region Ginghal (Tsinghat, Koko Nor) XinJiang Uygur Zizhiqu. Sinklang Uighur Autonomous Region (Chin Turkestan) Mongolia as a whole, -1924 MONGOLIA. STATE OF MONGOLIA Provinces (aymags) of Mongolia. 0 Arhangay. Bayanhongor. Bayan-Olgy. Bulgan, Darhan {eutonomous municipaliy). Doriod. Domogov Dundgovi. Ozavhan. Gox\-Allay. Henly. Hovd Hovsgol. Ovorhangay. Omnogovi. Selenge, ‘Suhbaatar. Tov. Ulzanbeatar (Ulen-Bator, ‘autonomous municipality). Uvs ‘Nei Mongol Zizhiqu. Inner Mongolian Autonomous Region ‘Manchuria (historical). Manchukuo, 1931-1945 ‘Now partyin Inner Mongolia (517.4), as well as provinces below Liaoning Liaohst (historical) Shenyang (Mukden) Liaodong ares (Liotuna) (historical) Lo-shun (Por Arthur) and Dalian (Talon, Luta, Daren) iia (Crain, Kirin) Heilongjiang (Heitungkiang) 54(1/9) Table 1. Common auxiliaries of place (519) (519.3) (619942) (519.5) {issaz (62) (620) 521) (21.1) (21.41) (21.12) (621.13) (2.14) (621.18) (621.16) (621.2) (621.22) (62123) (621.24) (621.25) (521.27) (62128) (521.29) 6213) (e214) (21.41) (621.42) (62143) (621.48) (6215) (621.51) (621.82) (521.53) (6218) G21 (21.82) (e217) (2171) (2172) (2173) (2174) (62175) (62176) (521.77) (6218) (2181 (521.92) (521.83) (621.84) (521.85) (622) (522.1) (522.2) (e223) (5223) (6225) (622.7) KOREA NORTH KOREA. PEOPLE'S DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF KOREA Provinces of North Korea. © Chagang- (871.64) Karafuto > (671.64) Island territories south of Japanese mainland (Ogasawara-gunto (Bonin Islands). Kazan-retto (Wolcano islands) Ryukyu Islands Taiwan. Republic of China Taiwan (Formosa) reng:hu Lieh-tao (Pescadores). Bokoto ARABIAN STATES AND TERRITORIES SAUDI ARABIA. KINGDOM OF SAUDI ARABIA “Saud aba ls vided inf thitgen manatiq {rmitageh, sing} (opis or emirates), Goch wih a capt. Hitorcaly.# wes divided in four provinces wien ress orespond with te four regional Subdistons blow Northwest region. Al Hi (historical) Makkah (emirate), Mecea (capital). Jiddah (Jodda), Tail. ishren, Sirayn, Abu Latt ‘Al Madina (emirate), Medina (capital), Medan Salah (archaeological site) ‘Tabuk (emirate and regional capital), Tiran, Sanafr, Al Hasani, Shaybara, Mashabin, A Jawt (emirate), Sakaka (capital) ‘At Hudud ash Shamalyah (emirate), Arar (capital) Hall (emirate and reglonal capital) z (Hejaz) Southern region (formerly Asi province) rerun, aona cata ‘A\ Baha (emirate), Bagha (capa Jaan (emirate and regional capital), Farasan istanes 55 | |(1/9)_Table te. Common auxit ies af place (632.6) (52261) (932.62) (632.63) (532.7) (632.72) (533) (s33.1vi23), (633.11) (533.12) (633.13) (633.14) (633.15) (633.16) (633.17) (623.18) (633.19) 63321) (633.22) (633.23) (633.24) (63325) (533.4) 33.41) (533.42) (623.43) (33.44) (623.45) (633.48) (535) (635.1) (635.2) Central region. Najd (Ned) (historical). North and central Arabian deserts. Badiyat ash Sham (Syrian Desert). An Nafud, Jabal Shammar. Desert regions of As Summan and Ad Dahna ‘Ac Riad (emirate), Riyadh (state and regional capital) ‘Al Qasim (emirate), Buraldah (capital) Nairan (emirate and regional capital) ‘Ash Shargjyah, Dammam (capital), Al ‘arabiyah, Abul AY Bata, Tarut, Herqus, karan, Kurayn, Al Juray6. Al Ahsa (€! Masa), Dhahran. Al Hufut (Hote). Al Bayad (Biyadh), 1 Jabal Tuway YEMEN. REPUBLIC OF YEMEN. AL-JAMHURIVA AL-YAMANIYA, 1990- ‘Yamen is civded into muhafazah (governates;,excap fr Sana (ely). The overnates are subdivided ita gists. Class here also Yemen (Noth): Yemen ‘Arab Republic (to 1990); Yemen, Democratic; People's Democratic Republic of Yamen (to 1980) Norther governates ‘Su ah (Sa'eah, Sa’ada, Seidah), Satdah (capital Halla (Wayyan), Halla (capi ‘AI Mabot, At Mawnit (capita) ‘Arnran Aman) Sarva’ (Sana'a), Sana’ (capt) San‘a’ ity and state capital) ‘A Jaw, Raysah (capital) Dai, Ma's (capital) ‘Al Hudaydah (A Hose (capita) Dhamar, Dhamar (capital ‘A\Bayda' (A Beida, Al Bayda (capital) ‘Tatizz (Taiz), Taiz (capital) tob,Ibb(capial) ‘akDali (Ad Dai, a-Dhalea, Dala', Dhal), ‘atDab (capital) Southern governates “Aden, Adoa (capil). Crater. Socous (Suquta), ‘Abd al Kui, The Brothers (Samha and Darsa). Perm. Kamaram From April 1st 1997 unt 30th November 1987 Adon was a Crown Colony ofthe UK rior to 1937 itwos administered by the Presidency of Bombay, India Lal (Lahe)). © Lahe) capital) ‘Abyan, Zinzbar (capita) ‘Shabweh (Shabwa).'Aiag (capita) Hasramawt (Hachramaut, Hacramawt, Hadramaut), Al Mukala (capita ‘Al Marah (Manan), Al Ghaydah (capital) OMAN. SULTANATE OF OMAN. ‘SALTANAT 'UMAN ‘Oman is clvided into mintagat (mintaqah, ‘ing. (regiens), or munatezat (munatazan, sing) (provinces). Below the regions or ‘provinces itis subdivided into wilayat (governorates), which have steadily Increased in number since 1977, numbering Bin 1996 DDhofar (Dhufar, Ai Janubiyah, Southern Region, Zufer) Salalah (capital. Kua Mura ~ Islands, Halaniyat ‘Al Wusta (Central Orin, Oman Proper, Rub al Khali, ‘Uman al-Wusta), Haima (capital) ‘Al Hudaydan (6353) (635.4) (635.5) (595), (635.7) (5358) (536) (536.2) (636.21) (536.22) (636.23) (636,24) (696.25) (636.26) (636.27) (536.4) (53641) (638.42) (536.43) (526.44) (63645) ‘Adh Dhahirah (Adh Dhahirah, A’Dhahirah, Az Zahirah), bv (capital) ‘Ad Dakhiiyan (A'Daknlya, Ad Dakhilyah, auf, Al Jcof, Dakhla, Ineror), Nizwa (capital) ‘Ash Sharaiyan (Al Hajar, A'Shargiyah, Eastem), Sur (capital), Masirah, Mahawt ‘Ai Batinah, Soha, Rustag (capital) Muscat (Masqat, Muscat ang Matran), Muscat (tate an ca! apt, Bara, Mutoh Musandam (Mussandam, Ru'us alive, Khasab (capital) EAST ARABIAN STATES (GULF STATES) UNITED ARAB EMIRATES, ITTIHAD AL-IMARAT AL-ARABIYAH. 11 Abu Dhabi ‘Ajman. Dubai, Fujaia. Shara, nn al Qaiwain. Ras a! Khaimah (member trom 1972), 1971. Divided into emirates. Each emirate capital hhas the same name asthe emirate. Formerly Trucial Coast/Trucial ‘Oman/Trucal States ‘Abu Dhabi (Abo Zabi, Abu Zaby), Abu al ‘Abyad, Sir Banl Yas, Dalma, Sir Abu Nulayr Dubay (Dubs, Dubayy). Deira ‘Dubay has one large section, plus @ gmail ‘enclave next to Oman Sharjah (Ash Sharigah, Ash Share, Sharjah ‘and Dependencies, Sharjah and Kalba) ‘Sharjah consists ofa large section on tho Persian Gull lus two enclaves on the Gul ‘of Oman (one of whichis partly shared with Fujayrat. It shares the administration of ‘Abu Musa Island with Iran ‘Ajman (Aman) ‘Ajman consists of three enclaves. Tho one ‘containing the capital ies on the Persian ‘Gulf one ison the border betwoon Fyjayrah ‘and Shariah, and the lasts partly shared with Oman Umm al Gaywayn (Qaiwan, Umvn al Qaiwar [Umm al Qaygayn, Umm a! Gaywayn, Umm Quwain) Ras al Khaymah (Ra's al Knayina, Ra's al haymah) as al Khaymah consists of two sections separated by Fujayrah. it claims the Tunb Islands in the Persian Gult Fujayrah (Al Fujayrah, Fujira, Fujairah, Fujera). © Kalba, Khor Fakkan Fujayrah has two sections. The one containing the capita is party shared with Sharjah QATAR. STATE OF QATAR. DAWLAT QUATAR ‘Qataris divided into baladiyah (baadiset, ‘sing}) (municipalities). Qatar occupies a peninsula inthe Persian Gulf and neighbouring reefs and islets. It clsputes the Hawar (slands with Bahrain f Qatar's ‘las vald, tho Hawar Islands are in Al lumaliyah municipality Madinet ach Shamal (Ash Shama!) ‘Al Ghuwariyan ‘ALKnaW® (Al Khor) ‘Al Jumalyah (Al Gummaylah, Al Jumaylyah), Dukhan. C HawarIstands (disputed) = (536.582) ‘Umm Salal (Um Salal, Umm Salal) 56