Microstrip Antenna Arrays
Prof. Girish Kumar
Electrical Engineering Department, IIT Bombay
[email protected]
(022) 2576 7436
MSA Array Feed Networks
Series Feed
Corporate (Parallel) Feed
Series and Corporate Feed
Series Feed Corporate Feed
Advantages : Advantages:
• Reduced feed length • Equal power to all element
• Reduced losses • Larger BW
•Lower Sidelobe • Modular in nature
Disadvantages: Disadvantages:
• Beam tilt with Frequency • Higher Feed losses
• Narrow BW • Higher cross polar
Series Fed MSA Array
Patch λ/2 connecting line
Elements Value (mm)
Patch Length (pl) 2.68 Antenna at Ka-Band
Patch Width (pw) 3.2 RT 5880 substrate:
εr = 2.2, h = 0.254mm
Connecting line 2.77
length (cl) and tanδ = 0.0015
Connecting line 0.4
width (cw)
Space between 5.45
patches
23×1 Series Fed Array at Ka Band
|S11| Plot Input Impedance Plot
BW for |S11| -10dB-35.9 to 38 GHz (5.6%)
Gain: 19dB
at 36 GHz
4
Radiation Pattern at 36GHz Gain vs Frequency plot
13x1 Series Fed MSA Array at 5.8 GHz
Patch Length = 16.84mm
Patch width = 12.7mm BW for
Feed line length = 18.85mm VSWR < 2 is
Inter element spacing = 0.6λo 5.78 to 5.94 GHz
Max Gain
at
5.82 GHz
is ≈17 dB
Radiation Pattern at 5.8GHz
7x1 Series Fed MSA Array at 5.8 GHz
Fabricated 7-element series-fed Array
VSWR vs. Frequency Plot Gain vs. Frequency Plot
Comparison of Central feed with End feed MSAA
( Central Feed, End Feed )
VSWR vs. frequency Gain vs. frequency plot
Comparison of Central feed with End feed (Cont.)
S. No. Parameters Central Feed End Feed
1 VSWR <2 Bandwidth (MHz) 100 141
2 Maximum Gain (dBi) 14.8 14.5
3 E-plane HPBW at 5.73 GHz (degrees) -7.2 to 7.2 -4.3 to 9.7
4 E-plane HPBW at 5.78 GHz (degrees) -6.7 to 6.8 -2.2 to 10.6
5 E-plane HPBW at 5.83 GHz (degrees) -6.3 to 6.3 0.7 to 12.7
6 Cross-polar levels (dB) 35 20
(a) (b) (c)
Radiation Pattern at (a) 5.73, (b) 5.78 and (c) 5.83 GHz
Corporate Feed Planar MSA Array at X-Band
Input Impedance Plot
X-band antenna designed at f = 8.75 GHz
Substrate: RT Duroid 5880 (εr = 2.2, h = 1.59 mm and tanδ = 0.001)
Patch Length = 13.23 mm, Patch Width = 10.17 mm
Inter element spacing in the E and H planes = 23 mm (0.67λ0)
Corporate Feed 2x2 MSA Array Results
BW for VSWR ≤ 2 is more Radiation Pattern
than 500 MHz (~6%) at 8.75 GHz
8x8 Corporate feed MSA Array
8x8 Corporate feed MSA Array Results
Radiation Pattern at 8.75 GHz
BW for VSWR < 1.5 is E-Plane HPBW = 9.9°
8.55 - 9.0 GHz (~5%) H-Plane HPBW = 9.4°
Max SLL = –12.5
Max Gain = 21.3 dB
Broadband 4x4 EMCP MSA Array
BW is 16% (8.7 -10.2 GHz)
Max. Gain = 19 dB
21 mm Air gap
Monopulse System using EMCP MSA Array
having Series and Corporate Feeds
BW for
VSWR 2 is
13% (8.75 to
10 GHz)
Isolation
between
240 ports:
mm Sum to Diff.
< -20 dB
Air gap
Diff. to Diff.
< -40 dB
14
Monopulse System using EMCP MSA Array
having Series and Corporate Feeds - Results
Max. Gain = 24.7 dBi at 9.7GHz HPBW: 9° in Azimuth
Variation in Gain < 0.5 dB and Elevation Planes
over the bandwidth of 1 GHz SLL < -15 dB
15
Space Fed CMSA Array (1B7T)
r
x x1
Ф r1 r2
y
s
1B7T Space-Fed Array Top View
s Elements Value (mm)
h
Parasitic Elements
Bottom element radius (r) 13.1
h2 h3 Top element radius (r1, r2) 13.1, 12.7
Ө Ground
Radiating Element Inter-element Spacing (s) 33
Plane
h1 Air gap (g) 25.85 (λ0/2)
Coaxial Feed
1B7T Space-Fed Array Side View
1B7T Space-Fed CMSA Array Results
VSWR vs Frequency Plot Gain vs Frequency Plot
E-Plane Radiation Pattern H-Plane Radiation Pattern
Series-Fed Array of Gap Coupled RMSA
(a) (b) (c)
(a) Fabricated 3-element broadband linear series-fed antenna
array on finite ground plane of 115 mm x 100 mm. Simulated and
measured (b) VSWR and (b) Gain vs. frequency plots
Measured VSWR ≤ 2 BW = 5.535 to 5.84 GHz (~5%)
Max gain of antenna array =13.4 dBi
EMCP Dual Polarized MSA in S-Band
Elements Value (mm)
Square Element (L1 ) 39.6
Air gap (g1) 3
Feed Offset (s) 2.3
Quarter wave 16 x 9.2
Transformer (l2 x w2)
EMCP Dual Polarized MSA Results
BW for VSWR<2 is from
2.375 to 2.725 GHz (~13%) S21 < -40 dB
EMCP Dual Polarized MSA Array at 5.8 GHz
3x3 Power Divider for Two Ports Microstrip Line Feed Network
Top 6x6 Radiating Elements Integrated 6x6 EMCP Antenna Array
EMCP Dual Polarized MSA Array at 5.8 GHz - Results
Measured (a) VSWR, (b) S21 and (c) Gain vs. frequency plots
of 6x6 array of EMCP dual polarized antenna
Phased Array Antenna
Active Phased Array Antennas
