Problem 506 N=400−PsinαN=400−Psin⁡α

A 400 lb block is resting on a rough horizontal surface for which the coefficient of friction is 0.40. Determine the force P  
required to cause motion to impend if applied to the block (a) horizontally or (b) downward at 30° with the horizontal. (c) What f=μN=0.40(400−Psinα)f=μN=0.40(400−Psin⁡α)
minimum force is required to start motion? f=160−0.40Psinαf=160−0.40Psin⁡α
 
art (a) - Force is applied horizontally ΣFH=0ΣFH=0
ΣFV=0ΣFV=0
Pcosα=fPcos⁡α=f
N=400 lbN=400 lb
Pcosα=160−0.40PsinαPcos⁡α=160−0.40Psin⁡α
 
Pcosα+0.40Psinα=160Pcos⁡α+0.40Psin⁡α=160
f=μN=0.40(400)f=μN=0.40(400)
(cosα+0.40sinα)P=160(cos⁡α+0.40sin⁡α)P=160
f=160 lbf=160 lb
P=160cosα+0.40sinαP=160cos⁡α+0.40sin⁡α
 
ΣFH=0ΣFH=0  
To minimize P, differentiate then equate to zero
P=fP=f
dPdα=−160(−sinα+0.40cosα)(cosα+0.40sinα)2=0dPdα=−160(−sin⁡α+0.40cos⁡α)(cos⁡α+0.40sin⁡α)2=0
P=160 lbP=160 lb           answer
sinα−0.40cosα=0sin⁡α−0.40cos⁡α=0
 
Part (b) - Downward force at 30° from the horizontal sinα=0.40cosαsin⁡α=0.40cos⁡α
ΣFV=0ΣFV=0 tanα=0.40tan⁡α=0.40
N=400+Psin30∘N=400+Psin⁡30∘ α=21.80∘α=21.80∘
N=400+0.5PN=400+0.5P  
  Minimum value of P
f=μN=0.40(400+0.5P)f=μN=0.40(400+0.5P) Pmin=160cos21.80∘+0.40sin21.80∘Pmin=160cos⁡21.80∘+0.40sin⁡21.80∘
f=160+0.2Pf=160+0.2P Pmin=148.56 lbPmin=148.56 lb           answer
 
ΣFH=0ΣFH=0
Problem 507
Pcos30∘=fPcos⁡30∘=f
The 2225-N block shown in Fig. P-507 is in contact with 45° incline. The coefficient of static friction is 0.25. Compute the value
Pcos30∘=160+0.2PPcos⁡30∘=160+0.2P of the horizontal force P necessary to (a) just start the block up the incline or (b) just prevent motion down the incline. (c) If P =
0.666P=1600.666P=160 1780 N, what is the amount and direction of the friction force?
P=240.23 lbP=240.23 lb           answer  
 
Another Solution for Part (b)
tanϕ=μtan⁡ϕ=μ
tanϕ=0.40tan⁡ϕ=0.40
ϕ=21.80∘ϕ=21.80∘
 

Part (a) – Force P to just start the block to move up the incline
The force P is pushing the block up the incline. The push is hard enough to overcome the maximum allowable friction causing an
impending upward motion.
 
ΣFy=0ΣFy=0
N=2225cos45∘+Psin45∘N=2225cos⁡45∘+Psin⁡45∘
N=1573.31+0.7071PN=1573.31+0.7071P
   
f=μN=0.25(1573.31+0.7071P)f=μN=0.25(1573.31+0.7071P)
θ=90∘−(30∘+ϕ)θ=90∘−(30∘+ϕ) f=393.33+0.1768Pf=393.33+0.1768P
θ=90∘−(30∘+21.80∘)θ=90∘−(30∘+21.80∘)  
θ=38.20∘θ=38.20∘ ΣFx=0ΣFx=0
  Pcos45∘=f+2225sin45∘Pcos⁡45∘=f+2225sin⁡45∘
Psinϕ=400sinθPsin⁡ϕ=400sin⁡θ Pcos45∘=(393.33+0.1768P)+2225sin45∘Pcos⁡45∘=(393.33+0.1768P)+2225sin⁡45∘
Psin21.80∘=400sin38.20∘Psin⁡21.80∘=400sin⁡38.20∘ 0.5303P=1966.640.5303P=1966.64
P=240.21 lbP=240.21 lb           okay! P=3708.55 NP=3708.55 N           answer
   
Part (b) – Force P to just prevent the block to slide down the incline
Part (c) - Minimum force required to cause impending motion In this case, the force P is not pushing the block upward, it simply supports the block not to slide downward. Therefore, the total force that
ΣFV=0ΣFV=0
prevents the block from sliding down the plane is the sum of the component of P parallel to the incline and the upward friction force. frictionless pulleys. At A the coefficients of friction are μs = 0.30 and μk = 0.20 while at B they are μs = 0.40 and μk = 0.30.
  Compute the magnitude and direction of the friction force acting on each block.
ΣFy=0ΣFy=0
N=2225cos45∘+Psin45∘N=2225cos⁡45∘+Psin⁡45∘
N=1573.31+0.7071PN=1573.31+0.7071P
 
f=μN=0.25(1573.31+0.7071P)f=μN=0.25(1573.31+0.7071P) Neglecting friction
f=393.33+0.1768Pf=393.33+0.1768P  
 
ΣFx=0ΣFx=0
Pcos45∘+f=2225sin45∘Pcos⁡45∘+f=2225sin⁡45∘
Pcos45∘+(393.33+0.1768P)=2225sin45∘Pcos⁡45∘+(393.33+0. 1768P)=2225sin⁡45∘
0.8839P=1179.980.8839P=1179.98
P=1335 NP=1335 N           answer
 
Part (c) – Force P = 1780 N
If Px = Wx, there will be no friction under the block. If Px > Wx, friction is going downward to help Wx balance the Px. If Px < Wx, friction is
going upward to help Px balance the Wx. In this problem, the maximum available friction is not utilized by the system.  
Wx=2225sin45∘=1573.31 NWx=2225sin⁡45∘=1573.31 N TA=3000sinθ=3000(35)TA=3000sin⁡θ=3000(35)
Px=1780cos45∘=1258.65 NPx=1780cos⁡45∘=1258.65 N TA=1800 NTA=1800 N
   
Wx > Px, thus, f is upward. TB=2000sinα=2000(45)TB=2000sin⁡α=2000(45)
ΣFx=0ΣFx=0 TB=1600 NTB=1600 N
f+Px=Wxf+Px=Wx  
f+1258.65=1573.31f+1258.65=1573.31 2TA is greater than TB, thus, the system will move to the left if contact surfaces are frictionless.
f=314.66 N upwardf=314.66 N upward           answer  
  Considering friction
The angle of static friction at A, ɸA = arctan 0.30 = 16.70°, is not enough to hold the block from sliding the incline of angle θ =
arctan (3/4) = 36.87° from horizontal. If TB is insufficient to hold 2TA statically the system will move to the left, otherwise, the
system is stationary.
 
Problem 508
The 200-lb block shown in Fig. P-508 has impending motion up the plane caused by the horizontal force of 400 lb. Determine
the coefficient of static friction between the contact surfaces.
 

 
Assume the blocks are stationary (use μs)
ΣFy=0ΣFy=0 NA=3000cosθ=3000(45)=2400 NNA=3000cos⁡θ=3000(45)=2400 N
N=400sin30∘+200cos30∘N=400sin⁡30∘+200cos⁡30∘ fA=0.30NA=0.30(2400)=720 NfA=0.30NA=0.30(2400)=720 N
N=373.20 lbN=373.20 lb TA=3000sinθ−fA=3000(35)−720=1080 NTA=3000sin⁡θ−fA=3000(35)−720=1080 N
  2TA=2160 N2TA=2160 N
ΣFx=0ΣFx=0  
f+200sin30∘=400cos30∘f+200sin⁡30∘=400cos⁡30∘ NB=2000cosα=2000(35)=1200 NNB=2000cos⁡α=2000(35)=1200 N
f=246.41 lbf=246.41 lb fB=0.40NB=0.40(1200)=480 NfB=0.40NB=0.40(1200)=480 N
  TB=2000sinα+fB=2000(45)+480=2080 NTB=2000sin⁡α+fB=2000(45)+480=2080 N
f=μNf=μN  
246.41=μ(373.20)246.41=μ(373.20) TB < 2TA. TB is insufficient to hold the system in static equilibrium, thus, the blocks are moving to the left.
μ=0.66μ=0.66           answer  
Blocks are moving to the left (Use μk)
fA=0.20NA=0.20(2400)=480 NfA=0.20NA=0.20(2400)=480 N           answer
Problem 509 fB=0.30NB=0.30(1200)=360 NfB=0.30NB=0.30(1200)=360 N           answer
The blocks shown in Fig. P-509 are connected by flexible, inextensible cords passing over
Problem 510 T=6.732 kNT=6.732 kN
What weight W is necessary to start the system of blocks shown in Fig. P-510 moving to the right? The coefficient of friction is  
0.10 and the pulleys are assumed to be frictionless. From the FBD of 30 kN block on the horizontal plane
  Sum up vertical forces
N1+Psina=30N1+Psin⁡a=30
N1=30−PsinαN1=30−Psin⁡α
N1=60 kNN1=60 kN  
f1=μN1=0.10(60)=6 kNf1=μN1=0.10(60)=6 kN Amount of friction
T1=f1=6 kNT1=f1=6 kN f1=μN1=0.20(30−Psinα)f1=μN1=0.20(30−Psin⁡α)
  f1=6−0.20Psinαf1=6−0.20Psin⁡α
 
Sum up horizontal forces
Pcosα=f1+TPcos⁡α=f1+T
Pcosα=(6−0.20Psinα)+6.732Pcos⁡α=(6−0.20Psin⁡α)+6.732
Pcosα+0.20Psinα=12.732Pcos⁡α+0.20Psin⁡α=12.732
P(cosα+0.20sinα)=12.732P(cos⁡α+0.20sin⁡α)=12.732
P=12.732cosα+0.20sinαP=12.732cos⁡α+0.20sin⁡α
 
To minimize P, differentiate then equate to zero
 
dPdα=−12.732(−sinα+0.20cosα)(cosα+0.20sinα)2=0dPdα=−12.732(−sin⁡α+0.20cos⁡α)(cos⁡α+0.20sin⁡α)2=0
N2=40cos30∘=34.64 kNN2=40cos⁡30∘=34.64 kN −sinα+0.20cosα=0−sin⁡α+0.20cos⁡α=0
f2=μN2=0.10(34.64)=3.46 kNf2=μN2=0.10(34.64)=3.46 kN sinα=0.20cosαsin⁡α=0.20cos⁡α
  tanα=0.20tan⁡α=0.20
W=40sin30∘+T1+f2W=40sin⁡30∘+T1+f2 α=11.31∘α=11.31∘
W=20+6+3.46W=20+6+3.46  
W=29.46 kNW=29.46 kN           answer Thus,
Pmin=12.732cos11.31∘+0.20sin11.31∘Pmin=12.732cos⁡11.31∘+0.20sin⁡11.31∘
Pmin=12.5 kNPmin=12.5 kN           answer
Problem 511 Problem 512
Find the least value of P required to cause the system of blocks shown in Fig. P-511 to have impending motion to the left. The A homogeneous block of weight W rests upon the incline shown in Fig. P-512. If the coefficient of friction is 0.30, determine the
coefficient of friction under each block is 0.20. greatest height h at which a force P parallel to the incline may be applied so that the block will slide up the incline without
  tipping over.
 

From the FBD of 10 kN block on the inclined plane

Sum up forces normal to the incline
N2=10cos30∘=8.66 kNN2=10cos⁡30∘=8.66 kN
Sliding up the incline
 
ΣFy=0ΣFy=0
Amount of friction
N=Wcosθ=45WN=Wcos⁡θ=45W
f2=μN2=0.20(8.66)=1.732 kNf2=μN2=0.20(8.66)=1.732 kN
f=μN=0.30(45W)=625Wf=μN=0.30(45W)=625W
 
 

 
ΣFx=0ΣFx=0
P=Wsinθ+fP=Wsin⁡θ+f
P=35W+625WP=35W+625W
  P=2125WP=2125W
 
Sum up forces parallel to the incline Tipping over
T=f2+10sin30∘T=f2+10sin⁡30∘  
T=1.732+10sin30∘T=1.732+10sin⁡30∘
  Problem 515
Block A in Fig. P-515 weighs 120 lb, block B weighs 200 lb, and the cord is parallel to the incline.
ΣMA=0ΣMA=0
 
Ph=40(Wsinθ)+20(Wcosθ)Ph=40(Wsin⁡θ)+20(Wcos⁡θ)
2125Wh=40(35W)+20(45W)2125Wh=40(35W)+20(45W)
h=47.62 cmh=47.62 cm           answer  
If the coefficient of friction for all surfaces in contact is 0.25, determine the angle θ of the incline
of which motion of B impends.
 
N1=120cosθN1=120cos⁡θ
Problem 513 f1=0.25(120cosθ)=30cosθf1=0.25(120cos⁡θ)=30cos⁡θ
In Fig. P-512, the homogeneous block weighs 300 kg and the coefficient of friction is 0.45. If h = 50
 
cm, determine the force P to cause motion to impend.
N2=N1+200cosθN2=N1+200cos⁡θ
 
N2=120cosθ+200cosθN2=120cos⁡θ+200cos⁡θ
ΣFy=0ΣFy=0 N2=320cosθN2=320cos⁡θ
N=300cosθ=300(45)N=300cos⁡θ=300(45)  
N=240 kgN=240 kg f2=0.25(320cosθ)=80cosθf2=0.25(320cos⁡θ)=80cos⁡θ
   
f1+f2=200sinθf1+f2=200sin⁡θ
f=μN=0.45(240)f=μN=0.45(240) 30cosθ+80cosθ=200sinθ30cos⁡θ+80cos⁡θ=200sin⁡θ
f=108 kgf=108 kg 110cosθ=200sinθ110cos⁡θ=200sin⁡θ
  100200=sinθcosθ100200=sin⁡θcos⁡θ
ΣFx=0ΣFx=0 tanθ=1120tan⁡θ=1120
P+f=300sinθP+f=300sin⁡θ θ=28.81∘θ=28.81∘           answer
P+108=300(35)P+108=300(35)
P=72 kgP=72 kg           answer
Problem 516
Referring to Fig. P-515 if the coefficient of friction is 0.60 and θ = 30°, what force P applied to B
Problem 514 acting down and parallel to the incline will start motion? What is the tension in the cord
The 10-kN cylinder shown in Fig. P-514 is held at rest on the 30° incline by a weight P suspended from attached to A?
a cord wrapped around the cylinder. If slipping impends, determine P and the coefficient of  
friction.
  N1=120cos30∘=103.92 lbN1=120cos⁡30∘=103.92 lb
f1=0.60(103.92)=62.35 lbf1=0.60(103.92)=62.35 lb
a=10cos60∘=5 cma=10cos⁡60∘=5 cm  
b=10−a=5 cmb=10−a=5 cm N2=N1+200cos30∘N2=N1+200cos⁡30∘
  N2=103.92+173.20N2=103.92+173.20
ΣMA=0ΣMA=0 N2=277.12 lbN2=277.12 lb
Pb=WcylaPb=Wcyla  
P(5)=10(5)P(5)=10(5) f2=0.60(277.12)=166.27 lbf2=0.60(277.12)=166.27 lb
P=10 kNP=10 kN           answer  
  P+200sin30∘=f1+f2P+200sin⁡30∘=f1+f2
ΣMO=0ΣMO=0 P+100=62.35+166.27P+100=62.35+166.27
10f=10P10f=10P P=128.62 lbP=128.62 lb           answer
f=Pf=P  
f=10 kNf=10 kN T=f1+120sin30∘T=f1+120sin⁡30∘
  T=62.35+60T=62.35+60
ΣFy=0ΣFy=0 T=122.35 lbT=122.35 lb           answer
N=10cos30∘+Pcos30∘N=10cos⁡30∘+Pcos⁡30∘
N=10cos30∘+10cos30∘N=10cos⁡30∘+10cos⁡30∘ Problem 519
N=17.32 kNN=17.32 kN In Fig. P-519, two blocks are connected by a solid strut attached to each block with
  frictionless pins. If the coefficient of friction under each block is 0.25 and B weighs 2700
f=μNf=μN N, find the minimum weight of A to prevent motion.
10=μ(17.32)10=μ(17.32)  
μ=0.577μ=0.577           answe Sum up forces normal to the incline in block B
NB=2700cos60∘+Csin30∘NB=2700cos⁡60∘+Csin⁡30∘
NB=1350+0.5CNB=1350+0.5C 20.60=μA(51.895)20.60=μA(51.895)
  μA=0.397μA=0.397           answer
Amount of friction for impending motion of block B
fB=μNB=0.25(1350+0.5C)fB=μNB=0.25(1350+0.5C)
fB=337.5+0.125CfB=337.5+0.125C Problem 521
  In Fig. P-519, if μ = 0.30 under both blocks and A weighs 400 lb, find the maximum weight of
Sum up all forces parallel to the incline in block B B that can be started up the incline by applying to A a rightward force P of 500 lb.
fB+Ccos30∘=2700sin60∘fB+Ccos⁡30∘=2700sin⁡60∘  
(337.5+0.125C)+Ccos30∘=2700sin60∘(337.5+0.125C)+Ccos⁡30∘=2700sin⁡60∘
0.991C=2000.770.991C=2000.77 Sum up vertical forces in block A
C=2018.89 NC=2018.89 N NA=400+Csin30∘NA=400+Csin⁡30∘
   
Summation of vertical forces acting on block A Friction force at block A
NA=WA+Csin30∘NA=WA+Csin⁡30∘ fA=μNA=0.30(400+Csin30∘)fA=μNA=0.30(400+Csin⁡30∘)
NA=WA+2018.89sin30∘NA=WA+2018.89sin⁡30∘ fA=120+0.15CfA=120+0.15C
NA=WA+1009.44NA=WA+1009.44  
 
Amount of friction under block A at impending motion
fA=μNA=0.25(WA+1009.44)fA=μNA=0.25(WA+1009.44)
Sum up horizontal forces in block A
fA=0.25WA+252.36fA=0.25WA+252.36
fA+Ccos30∘=500fA+Ccos⁡30∘=500
 
Summation of horizontal forces on block A (120+0.15C)+Ccos30∘=500(120+0.15C)+Ccos⁡30∘=500
fA=Ccos30∘fA=Ccos⁡30∘ 1.016C=3801.016C=380
0.25WA+252.36=2018.89cos30∘0.25WA+252.36=2018.89cos⁡30∘ C=374 lbC=374 lb
WA=5984.20 NWA=5984.20 N           answer  
Sum up forces normal to the incline in block B
Problem 520
Referring to Fig. P-519, block A weighs 4 kN and B weighs 3 kN. If μ = 0.20 under B, NB=Csin30∘+WBcos60∘NB=Csin⁡30∘+WBcos⁡60∘
compute the minimum coefficient of friction under A to prevent motion. NB=374sin30∘+WBcos60∘NB=374sin⁡30∘+WBcos⁡60∘
  NB=187+0.5WBNB=187+0.5WB
 
Amount of friction force under block B
fB=μNB=0.30(187+0.5WB)fB=μNB=0.30(187+0.5WB)
Summation of forces perpendicular to the inclined plane in block B fB=56.1+0.15WBfB=56.1+0.15WB
NB=30cos60∘+Csin30∘NB=30cos⁡60∘+Csin⁡30∘  
NB=15+0.5CNB=15+0.5C Sum up forces parallel to the inclined plane in block B
  fB+WBsin60∘=Ccos30∘fB+WBsin⁡60∘=Ccos⁡30∘
Amount of friction in block B at impending motion (56.1+0.15WB)+WBsin60∘=374cos30∘(56.1+0.15WB)+WBsin⁡60∘=374cos⁡30∘
fB=μBNB=0.20(15+0.5C)fB=μBNB=0.20(15+0.5C) 1.016WB=267.791.016WB=267.79
fB=3+0.10CfB=3+0.10C WB=263.57 lbWB=263.57 lb           answer
  Problem 522
fB+Ccos30∘=3sin60∘fB+Ccos⁡30∘=3sin⁡60∘ The blocks shown in Fig. P-522 are separated by a solid strut which is attached to the
(3+0.10C)+Ccos30∘=30sin60∘(3+0.10C)+Ccos⁡30∘=30sin⁡60∘ blocks with frictionless pins. If the coefficient of friction for all surfaces is 0.20, determine the
0.966C=22.980.966C=22.98 value of horizontal force P to cause motion to impend to the right. Assume that the strut is a
C=23.79 kNC=23.79 kN uniform rod weighing 300 lb.
   
Summation of vertical forces in block A
NA=40+Csin30∘NA=40+Csin⁡30∘ Summation of forces normal to the incline in the 200-lb block
N2=350cos45∘+Ccos75∘N2=350cos⁡45∘+Ccos⁡75∘
NA=40+23.79sin30∘NA=40+23.79sin⁡30∘
N2=247.49+0.2588CN2=247.49+0.2588C
NA=51.895 kNNA=51.895 kN
 
 
Amount of friction under the 200-lb block
Summation of horizontal forces in block A
f2=μN2=0.20(247.49+0.2588C)f2=μN2=0.20(247.49+0.2588C)
fA=Ccos30∘fA=Ccos⁡30∘
f2=49.498+0.0518Cf2=49.498+0.0518C
fA=23.79cos30∘fA=23.79cos⁡30∘
 
fA=20.60 kNfA=20.60 kN
 
Coefficient of friction at A  
fA=μANAfA=μANA
Summation of forces parallel to the incline in the 200-lb block ΣMO=0ΣMO=0
f2+350sin45∘=Csin75∘f2+350sin⁡45∘=Csin⁡75∘ 10N=WL10N=WL
(49.498+0.0518C)+350sin45∘=Csin75∘(49.498+0.0518C)+350sin⁡45∘=Csin⁡75∘ N=0.10WLN=0.10WL
0.9141C=296.9850.9141C=296.985  
C=324.89 lbC=324.89 lb Note:
  the sum of Δf will pass through point O, thus, f has no moment effect at O.
Summation of all vertical forces acting in the 400-lb block  
N1=550+Csin30∘N1=550+Csin⁡30∘
N1=550+324.89sin30∘N1=550+324.89sin⁡30∘
N1=712.45 lbN1=712.45 lb
 
Amount of friction under the 400-lb block
f1=μN1=0.20(712.45)f1=μN1=0.20(712.45)
f1=142.50 lbf1=142.50 lb
oefficient of friction
 
μ=tanϕμ=tan⁡ϕ
Solving for the required P by summing up horizontal forces in the 400-lb block
P=f1+Ccos30∘P=f1+Ccos⁡30∘
μ=tan15∘μ=tan⁡15∘
P=142.50+324.89cos30∘P=142.50+324.89cos⁡30∘  
P=423.85 lbP=423.85 lb           answer Amount of friction at contact surfaces
fA=μNA=NAtan15∘fA=μNA=NAtan⁡15∘
fB=μNB=NBtan15∘fB=μNB=NBtan⁡15∘
Problem 523
 
A force of 400 lb is applied to the pulley shown in Fig. P-523. The pulley is prevented from rotating
ΣFV=0ΣFV=0
by a force P applied to the end of the brake lever. If the coefficient of friction at the brake surface is
0.20, determine the value of P. NA+fB=18+72NA+fB=18+72
  NA=90−fBNA=90−fB
ΣMO=0ΣMO=0 NA=90−NBtan15∘NA=90−NBtan⁡15∘
20f=10(400)20f=10(400)  
f=200 lbf=200 lb ΣFH=0ΣFH=0
  fA=NBfA=NB
f=μNf=μN NAtan15∘=NBNAtan⁡15∘=NB
200=0.20N200=0.20N (90−NBtan15∘)tan15∘=NB(90−NBtan⁡15∘)tan⁡15∘=NB
N=1000 lbN=1000 lb 90tan15∘−NBtan215∘=NB90tan⁡15∘−NBtan2⁡15∘=NB
  90tan15∘=NB+NBtan215∘90tan⁡15∘=NB+NBtan2⁡15∘
ΣMA=0ΣMA=0 NB(1+tan215∘)=90tan15∘NB(1+tan2⁡15∘)=90tan⁡15∘
48P+8f=16N48P+8f=16N NB=90tan15∘1+tan215∘NB=90tan⁡15∘1+tan2⁡15∘
48P+8(200)=16(1000)48P+8(200)=16(1000) NB=22.5 kgNB=22.5 kg
48P=1440048P=14400  
P=300 lbP=300 lb           answer fB=22.5tan15∘fB=22.5tan⁡15∘
fB=6.03 kgfB=6.03 kg
 
Problem 524 ΣMA=0ΣMA=0
A horizontal arm having a bushing of 20 mm long is slipped over a 20-mm diameter vertical rod, as shown in Fig. P-524. The NB(6sin60∘)+fB(6cos60∘)=18(2.4cos60∘)+72(xcos60∘)NB(6sin⁡60∘)+fB(6cos⁡60∘)=18(2.4cos⁡60∘)+72(xcos⁡60∘)
coefficient of friction between the bushing and the rod is 0.20. Compute the minimum length L at which a weight W can be NB(6tan60∘)+6fB=18(2.4)+72xNB(6tan⁡60∘)+6fB=18(2.4)+72x
placed to prevent the arm from slipping down the rod. Neglect the weight of the arm. 6(22.5)tan60∘+6(6.03)=43.2+72x6(22.5)tan⁡60∘+6(6.03)=43.2+72x
  72x=226.8172x=226.81
x=3.15 mx=3.15 m           answer

 
Amount of friction force
f=μN=0.20(0.10WL)f=μN=0.20(0.10WL)
f=0.02WLf=0.02WL
 
ΣFV=0ΣFV=0
f=Wf=W
0.02WL=W0.02WL=W
L=50 mmL=50 mm           answer ΣFH=0ΣFH=0
Problem 525 fA=NBfA=NB
A uniform ladder 4.8 m ft long and weighing W lb is placed with one end on the ground and the other against a vertical wall. NAtan15∘=NBNAtan⁡15∘=NB
The angle of friction at all contact surfaces is 20°. Find the minimum value of the angle θ at which the ladder can be inclined (90−NBtan15∘)tan15∘=NB(90−NBtan⁡15∘)tan⁡15∘=NB
with the horizontal before slipping occurs. 90tan15∘−NBtan215∘=NB90tan⁡15∘−NBtan2⁡15∘=NB
90tan15∘=NB+NBtan215∘90tan⁡15∘=NB+NBtan2⁡15∘
Coefficient of friction
NB(1+tan215∘)=90tan15∘NB(1+tan2⁡15∘)=90tan⁡15∘
μ=tanϕ=tan20∘μ=tan⁡ϕ=tan⁡20∘
NB=90tan15∘1+tan215∘NB=90tan⁡15∘1+tan2⁡15∘
μ=0.364μ=0.364
NB=22.5 kgNB=22.5 kg
 
Friction forces at each end of the ladder  
fA=μNA=0.364NAfA=μNA=0.364NA fB=22.5tan15∘fB=22.5tan⁡15∘
fB=μNB=0.364NBfB=μNB=0.364NB fB=6.03 kgfB=6.03 kg
   
ΣFH=0ΣFH=0 ΣMA=0ΣMA=0
NB=fANB=fA NB(6sin60∘)+fB(6cos60∘)=18(2.4cos60∘)+72(xcos60∘)NB(6sin⁡60∘)+fB(6cos⁡60∘)=18(2.4cos⁡60∘)+72(xcos⁡60∘)
NB=0.364NANB=0.364NA NB(6tan60∘)+6fB=18(2.4)+72xNB(6tan⁡60∘)+6fB=18(2.4)+72x
  6(22.5)tan60∘+6(6.03)=43.2+72x6(22.5)tan⁡60∘+6(6.03)=43.2+72x
ΣFV=0ΣFV=0 72x=226.8172x=226.81
NA+fB=WNA+fB=W x=3.15 mx=3.15 m           answer
NA+0.364NB=WNA+0.364NB=W Problem 527
NA+0.364(0.364NA)=WNA+0.364(0.364NA)=W A homogeneous cylinder 3 m in diameter and weighing 30 kN is resting on two inclined planes as shown in Fig. P-527. If the
1.1325NA=W1.1325NA=W angle of friction is 15° for all contact surfaces, compute the magnitude of the couple required to start the cylinder rotating
counterclockwise.
NA=0.883WNA=0.883W
 
Thus,
ΣFH=0ΣFH=0
fA=0.364(0.883W)fA=0.364(0.883W)
NAcos15∘=NBcos75∘NAcos⁡15∘=NBcos⁡75∘
fA=0.3214WfA=0.3214W
NA=0.2679NBNA=0.2679NB
 
ΣMB=0ΣMB=0  
ΣFV=0ΣFV=0
W(2.4cosθ)+fA(4.8sinθ)=NA(4.8cosθ)W(2.4cos⁡θ)+fA(4.8sin⁡θ)=NA(4.8cos⁡θ)
NAsin15∘+NBsin75∘=30NAsin⁡15∘+NBsin⁡75∘=30
Wcosθ+2fAsinθ=2NAcosθWcos⁡θ+2fAsin⁡θ=2NAcos⁡θ
(0.2679NB)sin15∘+NBsin75∘=30(0.2679NB)sin⁡15∘+NBsin⁡75∘=30
W+2fAtanθ=2NAW+2fAtan⁡θ=2NA
1.0353NB=301.0353NB=30
W+2(0.3214W)tanθ=2(0.883W)W+2(0.3214W)tan⁡θ=2(0.883W)
NB=28.98 kNNB=28.98 kN
1+0.6428tanθ=1.7661+0.6428tan⁡θ=1.766
 
0.6428tanθ=0.7660.6428tan⁡θ=0.766 NA=0.2679(28.98)NA=0.2679(28.98)
tanθ=1.191 661 481tan⁡θ=1.191 661 481 NA=7.76 kNNA=7.76 kN
θ=50∘θ=50∘           answer  
μ=tan15∘=0.2679μ=tan⁡15∘=0.2679
Problem 526  
A ladder 6 m long has a mass of 18 kg and its center of gravity is 2.4 m from the bottom. The ladder is placed against a vertical fA=μNA=0.2679(7.76)fA=μNA=0.2679(7.76)
wall so that it makes an angle of 60° with the ground. How far up the ladder can a 72-kg man climb before the ladder is on the
fA=2.08 kNfA=2.08 kN
verge of slipping? The angle of friction at all contact surfaces is 15°.
 
 
fB=μNB=0.2679(28.98)fB=μNB=0.2679(28.98)
Coefficient of friction fB=7.76 kNfB=7.76 kN
μ=tanϕμ=tan⁡ϕ  
μ=tan15∘μ=tan⁡15∘ Required couple
  C=ΣMcenterC=ΣMcenter
Amount of friction at contact surfaces C=1.5(fA+fB)=1.5(2.08+7.76)C=1.5(fA+fB)=1.5(2.08+7.76)
fA=μNA=NAtan15∘fA=μNA=NAtan⁡15∘ C=14.76 kN⋅mC=14.76 kN⋅m           answer
fB=μNB=NBtan15∘fB=μNB=NBtan⁡15∘
 
ΣFV=0ΣFV=0
NA+fB=18+72NA+fB=18+72
Problem 528
NA=90−fBNA=90−fB Instead of a couple, determine the minimum horizontal force P applied tangentially to the left at the top of the cylinder
NA=90−NBtan15∘NA=90−NBtan⁡15∘ described in Prob. 527 to start the cylinder rotating counterclockwise.
 
 RB=0.4375PRB=0.4375P
 

1.5F=1.5fA+1.5fB1.5F=1.5fA+1.5fB
F=fA+fBF=fA+fB
F=2.08+7.76F=2.08+7.76
F=9.84 kNF=9.84 kN           answer

Problem 529
As shown in Fig. P-529, a homogeneous cylinder 2 m in diameter and weighing 12 kN is acted
upon by a vertical force P. Determine the magnitude of P necessary to start the cylinder
turning. Assume that μ = 0.30.
 When the cylinder starts to turn due to P, the normal force under horizontal surface is zero.
See the free body diagram below.
 

 
ΣMA=0ΣMA=0
Px=(RBcos50∘)(10)Px=(RBcos⁡50∘)(10)
  Px=(0.4375Pcos50∘)(10)Px=(0.4375Pcos⁡50∘)(10)
x=(1)(sin60∘)x=(1)(sin⁡60∘)
x=123–√ mx=123 m
x=2.81 ftx=2.81 ft           answer
 
ΣMA=0ΣMA=0
 
(1+x)P=12x(1+x)P=12x The plank impends to the left
(1+123–√)P=12(123–√)(1+123)P=12(123)
1.866P=10.3921.866P=10.392 RAsin10∘=Psin105∘RAsin⁡10∘=Psin⁡105∘
P=5.569 kNP=5.569 kN           answer
RA=0.1798PRA=0.1798P
Problem 530  
A plank 10 ft long is placed in a horizontal position with its ends resting on two inclined planes, as shown in Fig. P-530. The
angle of friction is 20°. Determine how close the load P can be placed to each end before slipping impends.
 

The plank impends to the right

RBsin25∘=Psin105∘RBsin⁡25∘=Psin⁡105∘
 
ΣMB=0ΣMB=0
Py=(RAcos65∘)(10)Py=(RAcos⁡65∘)(10)
Py=(0.1798Pcos65∘)(10)Py=(0.1798Pcos⁡65∘)(10)
y=0.76 fty=0.76 ft           answer