UNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI MARA

FACULTY OF HEALTH SCIENCE

UITM PULAU PINANG
KAMPUS BERTAM

Laboratory Report: Histological Techniques

NAME : NURUL FATINAJIHAH BINTI ZULIKIPLI

NO ID : 2016625096
DATE OF SUBMISSION : 19th August 2016
LECTURER’S NAME : MADAM NOR RAIHAN BINTI
MOHAMMAD SHABANI

Laboratory Report
CSI102 HISTOLOGICAL TECHNIQUES

Diploma in Medical Laboratory Technology

Faculty of Health Sciences

19th August 2016

 ABSTRACT

HISTOLOGICAL TECHNIQUE

The aim of the present laboratory activity was to preserve and study about the
morphology of liver tissue by using histological technique.The first method used was
tissue fixation which is the liver has to immerse in 10% of formalin to maintain the
structure of the liver.The second method was tissue gossing.Tissue grossing process
was the process to cut the tissue into a small section which is the thickness was at
3mm to 4mm and 1cm length.After that was tissue processing method and the water
was removed from the tissue during this process by using tissue processor.The tissue
was changed into a solid medium after undergo tissue processing.Next method was
tissue embedding which is the tissue was embed with paraffin wax by using tissue
embedding center to produce tissue block.Sectioning take over the process continue
with tissue fishing.Tissue sectioning was the process of section the tissue into ribbon
section by using rotary microtome.Then,the ribbon section was transferred into a
floatation bath before place it on the glass slide.The last method was tissue staining
and mounting.The function of tissue staining is to give colour to the tissue and
differentiate between nucleus and cytoplasm.The tissue section was mount with cover
slip using DPX then proceed with process of observation under light microscope.

The result from this histological technique was two block of tissues were produced
after undergo tissue embedding process.The block then undergo sectioning process to
produce two ribbon sections and then followed by staining process to differentiate the
nucleus and cytoplasm of the sections. After mounting, the sections was ready to be
observed under light microscope starting with 4X of objective lens and last with 100X
of objective lens. After observation, the color of nucleus and cytoplasm that I can see
was purple and pink.

Key words : Fixation, processing, embedding, sectioning, staining and observation

2
 ABSTRAK

TAJUK LAPORAN MAKMAL

Tujuan aktiviti makmal ini adalah untuk mengekalkan dan mengkaji tentang morfologi
tisu hati dengan menggunakan teknik histologi. Kaedah pertama yang digunakan ialah
pengawetan tisu yang mana tisu itu perlu direndam dalam 10% formalin untuk
mengekalkan struktur tisu. Kaedah yang kedua ialah pemotongan tisu. Proses
pemotongan ini ialah untuk memotong tisu kepada bahagian yang kecil yang mana
ketebalannya ialah 3-4 mm dan lebarnya iala 1cm X 1cm. Selepas itu ialah kaedah
pemprosesan tisu dan air telah disingkirkan daripada tisu semasa proses dengan
menggunakan mesinnya. Tisu telah ditukar kepada medium pepejal selepas melalui
pemprosesan tisu. Kaedah yang seterusnya ialah proses penerapan tisu yang mana
tisu telah diterap dengan menggunakan lilin paraffin untuk menghasilkan blok. Proses
penghirisan mengambil alih dan diteruskan dengan proses menampal tisu (fishing).
Penghirisan tisu ialah proses menghiris tisu menjadi bahagian reben dengan
menggunakan mikrotom putar (rotary microtome). Kemudian bahagian reben tersebut
dipindahkan ke dalam bekas pengapungan (floatation bath) sebelum tempelkannya
atas slaid kaca. Kaedah yang terakhir ialah pewarnaan dan pemasangan tisu. Fungsi
pewarnaan tisu ialah untuk memberikan warna kepada tisu dan membezakan antara
nukleus dan sitoplasma. Bahagian tisu tersebut dipasang dengan coverslip dengan
menggunakan DPX kemudian diteruskan dengan proses pemerhatian dibawah
mikroskop cahaya.

Keputusan daripada teknik histologi ini ialah 2 tisu blok telah dihasilkan selepas
melalui proses penerapan tisu. Selepas itu, tisu tersebut melalui proses penghirisan
untuk menghasilkan 2 bahagian reben dan kemudian diikuti dengan proses
pewarnaan untuk membezakan bahagian nukleus dan sitoplasma. Selepas proses
pemasangan, bahagian itu telah bersedia untuk diperhati dibawah mikroskop cahaya
yang dimulakan dengan kanta objektif 4X dan berakhir dengan kanta objektif 100X.
Selepas pemerhatian, warna nucleus dan sitoplasma yang saya dapat lihat ialah
warna ungu dan pink.

Katakunci : Pengawetan, pemprosesan, penerapan, penghirisan, pewarnaan dan

pemerhatian.

3
 TABLE OF CONTENTS

Chapter Content Page

TITLE PAGE 1
ABSTRACT 2-3
TABLE OF CONTENTS 4-5
LIST OF TABLES 5
LIST OF FIGURES 5
1.0 INTRODUCTION
1.1 Overview 6
1.2 Objective
1.2.1 General Objective 7
1.2.2 Specific Objective 7
2.0 MATERIALS AND METHODS
2.1 Study Venue 8
2.2 Materials and Equipments
2.1.1 Materials 8-9
2.2.2 Equipment 9-10
2.3 Calculation for reagent preparation 11
2.4 Tissue fixation procedure 12
2.5 Tissue grossing procedure 12
2.6 Tissue processing procedure 13
2.7 Tissue embedding procedure 13
2.8 Tissue sectioning procedure 14
2.9 Tissue fishing procedure 15
2.10 Tissue staining procedure 15
2.11 Tissue mounting procedure 16
2.12 Tissue observation procedure 17
3.0 RESULTS

4
 3.1 Sample collection 18
3.2 The tissue section slide produced 19
3.3 The observation of tissue section under microscopic 20-21
4.0 DISCUSSION 22-23
5.0 CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS 24

REFERENCES 25
APPENDIXES 26-28

LIST OF TABLES

Table 2.3 Calculation of fixative reagent 11

Table 2.6 Tissue processing procedure 13
Table 2.10 Tissue staining procedure 15

LIST OF FIGURES

Figure 2.5 Tissue grossing process 12

Figure 2.7 Tissue embedding process 13
Figure 2.8 Tissue sectioning process 14
Figure 2.11 Tissue mounting process 16
Figure 2.12 Tissue observation 17
Figure 3.1 3.1.1 Tissue blocks 18
3.1.2 Tissues after grossing 18
Figure 3.2 3.2.1 Tissue sections after sectioning process 19
3.2.2 Tissue sections after staining process 19
Figure 3.3 Observation under compound microscopic 20-21

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 CHAPTER 1

INTRODUCTION

1.1 Overview

Histological techniques are the study of the structure and functions of the cells, tissues
and organs of the body.The light microscope is the tool used most widely for clinical
applications of histology.There are many techniques in histology that the samples
undergo which typically involves in fixation, grossing, processing, embedding,
sectioning, fishing, staining and mounting.

TISSUE FIXATION

 To preserve the tissue structures.

 To prevent the process of autolysis and bacterial attack.

TISSUE GROSSING

 To cut the tissues into the small size which is the thickness
is between 3-4 mm.

TISSUE PROCESSING

 The tissues was processed in a few reagents to maintain

the structures of the tissues.
 Duration of this process was 20 hours.
 To embed the tissues in solid medium.

TISSUE EMBEDDING

 The tissues was removed from the cassettes and placed

them in wax. TISSUE PROCESSING
 Fill the mould with paraffin wax until it full and solidify it in a
 The
cryo-console tissues
to form thewas processed in a few reagents to maintain the
block.
 structures of the tissues.
The blocks ready for sectioning process. 6
 Duration of this process was 20 hours.
 To embed the tissues in solid medium.
 TISSUE SECTIONING

 Rotary microtome was used to cut the block into thin

sections which is the thickness is between 0.5-5 μm.
 A ribbon section was produced during this process.

TISSUE FISHING

 The ribbon sections floated out on the surface of warm

water in the floatation bath to spread the wrinkles and
attached it on the glass slide.
 After that, place the glass slide on the hot plate.

TISSUE STAINING

 This process help us to differentiate the nucleus and

cytoplasm of the sections.
 Nucleus was stained with blue colour and cytoplasm was
stained with pink colour.
 Harris’s Hematoxylin and eosin was used during staining
process.

TISSUE MOUNTING

 The process that carried out by using DPX and coverslip

 To make sure the sections can be examined clearly under
the light microscope.

TISSUE OBSERVATION

 The process of observe the tissues under light microscope

starting with 4X objective lens and last with 100X objective
lens.
 The image of nucleus and cytoplasm can be seen clearly
under the light microscope.
TISSUE SECTIONING

 Rotary microtome was used to cut the block into thin sections
which is the thickness is between 0.5-5 μm. 7
 A ribbon section was produced during this process.
1.2 Objectives

1.2.1 General objective

The general objective in his histological technique is to understand the step and
method that carried out in histological technique so we can prepare a thin sections of
tissue on glass slide.Plus, to observe the cells and the tissues under a light
microscope which have been processed,embedded,sectioned,stained and mounted on
a microscope slide.

1.2.2 Specific objectives

1) Tissue fixation:
 To prevent the process of autolysis and bacterial attack.
 To be as close as possible to their living state.
 To retain shape or volume of tissue.

2) Tissue grossing:
 To cut the tissues into small size by doing grossing
 To make fixative reagent easy to absorb into the tissue specimen.
 To prepare the tissues which include grossing, labeling and fixing.

3) Tissue processing:
 To embed the tissues in solid medium.
 To support the tissues.
 To process the tissues which include dehydrating, clearing, infiltrating
and impregnating using the automated tissue processor.

4) Tissue embedding:
 To embed the tissues with paraffin wax by using embedding centre.
 To make the tissues become block.

5) Tissue sectioning:
 To section the tissue blocks using the rotary microtome.
 To attach the tissue sections onto the slides in the floatation bath.
 To dry the tissue sections overnight in the oven.

6) Tissue staining:
 To stain the tissue section with Harris’s haematoxylin and eosin which
include dewaxing, hydrating, dehydrating and clearing.
 To differentiate between the nucleus and cytoplasm.
 To give colour to the tissue section.

8
 CHAPTER 2

MATERIALS AND METHODS

2.1 Study Venue

This study was performed in Histology Laboratory 2, Laboratory Block, Uitm Pulau
Pinang, Bertam Campus.

2.2 Materials and Equipment

2.2.1 Materials

i. 10% of formalin

ii. Ethyl alcohol

iii. Xylene

iv. 40% formaldehyde

v. Nitric acid

vi. Absolute alcohol

vii. 70% alcohol

viii. 80% alcohol

ix. 90% alcohol

x. 95% alcohol

xi. Deionised water

xii. Paraffin wax

xiii. Paper towel

xiv. Plastic container

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 xv. Stick

xvi. Concentrated Hydrocloric Acid

xvii. Dilute Ammonia

xviii. Harris’s Haematoxylin

xix. Eosin Y

xx. DPX (mounting media)

xxi. Paper Lens

xxii. Tap Water

xxiii. Distilled water

2.2.2 Equipment

i. Cassette

ii. Process cover

iii. Needle

iv. Fine pointed forceps

v. Blades

vi. Dissecting board

vii. Beakers

viii. Measuring cylinder

ix. Funnel

x. Tissue Processor (SHANDON, CITADEL 1000)

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xi. Tissue Embedding Center (HISTO-LINE, TEC2900-3)

xii. Rotary Microtome (MICROM,HM 355)

xiii. Refrigerator

xiv. Base moulder

xv. Tissue block support

xvi. Forceps

xvii. Floatation Bath (SHANDON LIPSHAW,10460)

xviii. Hot plate (PRO,HPS-7 LAB PLUS SERIES)

xix. Slide

xx. Slide holder

xxi. Brush

xxii. Pencil

xxiii. Staining dishes

xxiv. Slide Racks

xxv. Slide Box

xxvi. Coverslips

xxvii. Microscope (CARS ZEISS,PRIMOSTAR)

11
2.3 Calculations for Histological Reagents Preparations

1.5L of 4% formal saline 1.5L of 70% alcohol

Normal saline: C1V1 = C2V2

C1V1 = C2V2 (100)(V1) = (70)(1500)
(100)(V1) = (0.9)(1500) V1 = 70 X 1500
V1 = 13.5 g/Nacl 100
Nacl + H2O = 13.5g + 1500ml = 1050 ml of Alcohol
Volume of distilled water = 1500 – 1050
Formaldehyde: = 450 ml
C1V1 = C2V2
(40)(V1) = (4)(1500)
V1 = 150ml

NS + FD = FS
X + 150ml = 1500ml
NS = 1350ml

1L of 80% alcohol 1.5L of 90% alcohol

C1V1 = C2V2 C1V1 = C2V2

(100)(V1) = (80)(1000) (100)(V1) = (90)(1500)
V1 = 80 X 1000 V1 = 90 X 1500
100 100
= 800 ml of Alcohol = 1350 ml of Alcohol
Volume of distilled water = 1000 – 800 Volume of distilled water = 1500 – 1350
= 200 ml = 150 ml

200ml of 1% acid alcohol 200ml of 0.5% ammonia solution

C1V1 = C2V2 C1V1 = C2V2

(100)(V1) = (1)(200) (100)(V1) = (0.5)(200)
V1 = 1 X 200 V1 = 0.5 X 200
100 100
= 2ml of Acid = 1 ml of Ammonia
Volume of distilled water = 200 – 2 Volume of distilled water = 200 – 1
= 198 ml = 199 ml

12
 2.4 Tissue Fixation Procedure
1) The amount needed to fixative was calculated.
2) Measured amount 1000ml of distilled water by using measuring cylinder and
poured into the beaker.
3) 150ml of 10% formalin was measured and poured into the beaker.
4) The solution of fixative was stirred.
5) The liver was immersed into fixative solution.

2.5 Tissue Grossing Procedure

1) The tissue was trimmed into small block with 3-4mm thickness.
2) The tissue block was placed in the cassette labelled in pencil indicating the type
of tissue.
3) The cassette was covered tightly with a process cover.

Liver

Blade

Cassette

Figure 2.5: Tissue grossing process

Forcep

13
2.6 Tissue Processing Procedure
1) All covered cassette was placed in the automated tissue processor overnight.

STEP REAGENT IMMERSION PERIOD

1. 4% formal saline (1.5 lit) 2 hours
2. 4% formal saline (1.5 lit) 2 hours
3. 70% alcohol (1.5 lit) 1 hour
4. 90% alcohol (1.5 lit) 1 hour
5. Absolute alcohol (1.5 lit) 1 hour
6. Absolute alcohol (1.5 lit) 2 hours
7. Absolute alcohol (1.5 lit) 2 hours
8. Xylene (1.5 lit) 1 hour
9. Xylene (1.5 lit) 1 hour 30 minutes
10. Xylene (1.5 lit) 1 hour 30 minutes
11. Wax 2 hours
12. Wax 3 hours
Total duration 20 hours
Table 2.6: Tissue processing procedure
2.7 Tissue Embedding Procedure
1) The tissue was removed from tissue processor.
2) The infiltrated-impregnated tissue was transferred to the embedding centre.
3) The wax was dispensed into the base moulder to a depth to cover the thickest
tissue block.
4) A thin film of semi-solid wax was waited until it formed on the base of the
mould.
5) The tissue was introduced with a warm forceps and was pressed gently into the
semi-solid wax correctly orientated plate.
6) The tissue block support was labeled and was placed on to the base mould.
7) The tissue block was transferred to the refrigerator to complete hardening.

Figure 2.7:Tissue embedding process

14
2.8 Tissue Sectioning Procedure
1) The tissue block was removed from the refrigerator and was leaved at room
temperature.
2) The rotary microtome was set up.
3) The tissue block was placed on to the adaptor of the rotary microtome and
clamped firmly.
4) The angle slope of the knife to 90° (clearance 5-10°) was set.
5) The section thickness to 20μm was set.
6) The tissue block was trimmed until a suitable area of tissue was exposed to
sectioning.
7) The section thickness ranging 0.5 to 4 was set.
8) The tissue was sectioned at a regular cutting rhythm to produce a ribbon
section.
9) Fine forceps was used to hold the free end of the ribbon and the last section
was brushed away from knife using soft paint brush.
10)The ribbon was transferred to the floatation bath (45°C).

Figure 2.8: Tissue sectioning proces

15
2.9 Tissue Fishing Procedure
1) A fine section was picked up using a slide and was drained in a vertical position
for several minutes.
2) The slide was marked with a glass marker.
3) The slide was placed on a slide holder in the oven at 37 °C overnight.

2.10 Tissue Staining Procedure

1) The slide was removed from the hot plate.
2) The slide was stained with Harris’s haematoxylin and eosin staining according
to the procedure below:

STEP REAGENT IMMERSION PERIOD

1. Xylene 5 minutes
2. Xylene 5 minutes
3. 100% alcohol 1 minute
4. 100% alcohol 1 minute
5. 80% alcohol 1 minute
6. 70% alcohol 1 minute
7. Wash in running tap water 3 times
8. Rinse in distilled water, drain well 3 times
9. Harris’s haematoxylin 10 minutes
10. Wash in running tap water 3 times
11. 1% acid alcohol 3 times
12. Wash in running tap water 3 times
13. Dilute ammonia water 3 times
14. Wash in running tap water 3 times
15. Eosin 2 minutes
16. Wash quickly in running tap water 3 times
17. 70% alcohol 30 seconds
18. 80% alcohol 30 seconds
19. 95% alcohol 30 seconds
20. 100% alcohol 30 seconds
21. 100% alcohol 30 seconds
22. Xylene 1 minute
23. Xylene 1 minute
24. Drain 3 times

Table 2.10: Tissue staining procedure

16
2.11 Tissue Mounting and Labeling Procedure
1) A drop of synthetic mounting resin (e.g. DPX) was put on a cover slip.
2) The glass slide was gently lowered with the stain smear face down onto the
drop of mounting resin so that the section is sandwiched between its slide and
cover slip.
3) The slide was turned over and allow the mounting resin to spread between the
section and the cover slip.
4) The mounting resin was allowed to dry and examine the slide under microscope
utilizing the 100X objectives.

DPX

Glass slide

Figure 2.11.1: Tissue mounting process

Cover slip

Figure 2.11.2:Tissue mounting process

17
2.12 Tissue Observation
1) The 10x of objective lens was used to scan the entire field of tissue.
2) Then 40x and 100x objectives lens was used to screen for the closer view.
3) The tissue observed was draw,labelled and colour.

Figure 2.12: Observe the tissue section

18
 CHAPTER 3
RESULTS

3.1
Sample Collection

The numbers of blocks produce were two blocks and both of blocks contain liver

tissues.

Liver tissue
blocks

Figure 3.1.1 Tissue blocks

Liver tissues

19
 Figure 3.1.2 The tissues after grossing
3.2 The Tissue Sections Slide Produced from the Histological Techniques

Liver tissues
specimens
Glass slide

Figure 3.2.1 Tissue sections after sectioning process

Coverslip

20
 Figure 3.2.2 Tissue sections after staining process
3.3The Observation of Tissue Sections under Compound Microscope

FIRST SLIDE

Cytoplasm

Figure 3.3: 4x objective Figure 3.3: 10x objective

Nucleus

21
Figure 3.3: 40x objective Figure 3.3: 100x objective
SECOND SLIDE

Cytoplasm

Figure 3.3: 4x objective Figure 3.3: 10x objective

Nucleus

22
Figure 3.3: 40x objective Figure 3.3: 100x objective
CHAPTER 4

DISCUSSION

During histological technique,there will be problems that we are going to face.The first
technique is tissue fixation. Fixation should be carried out as soon as possible after
removal of the tissue to prevent autolysis. The problems during tissue fixation was the
solution become heme-pigment.Other than that, there were autolysis occur at the ceter
of the thick tissue.As the solution for these problems, the PH value should be
increased to neutral and dut the tissue into thin and small size which is the thickness is
between 3-4 mm.

The second technique is tissue grossing.The problem during this step was the tissues
was not be cut into the small and thin size which is the thickness is between 3-4
mm.So, we should use the ruler as the solution to cut the tissues into the wanted size.

There were also a few problems during tissue processing and one of the problems
was the tissues feel soft and non-receptive to infiltration. So, as the solution we should
reprocess the tissues on correct processing procedure. Then, the problems was the
tissues become hard, brittle and shrunken because of the excessive point and the
tissues must be rehydrating again to get the structure that wanted.Moreover, poor
quality wax can cause the tissues difficult to cut.So, by using high quality of wax for
infiltrating especially during embedding can make the tissues easy to cut.

After that, the problems during tissue embedding was the present of dust particles in
the paraffin wax. So, it must be removed immediately make the block easy to cut
during sectioning.Other than that, the problems that always occurs is the orientation is
incorrect which can result in loss tissue as re-embedding is required.So, orientated the
tissue carefully.Also, the mould is over-filling may cause the interfere with the correct
alignment of the block face for sectioning.So, avoid over-filling during embedding
process.

Next, the problems faced during tissue sectioning is the blade not quite sharp that can
implicate the production of ribbon section.So, used the sharp blade to get the perfect
ribbon section.Other than that, the block edges was not parallel so that, trimmed the
block until parallel.Lastly, the thickness of cutting section is not accurate and thin
which lead the ribbon section produced is thick.To avoid this from happening, set the
thickness correctly and do the sectioning gently and slowly.

The major problem during tissue fishing technique is the water was not clear.This can
cause contaminants in the bath that may end up stick under the glass slide so, change
the water frequently.Then, the glass slide that was used not quite clean that may give

23
affects during microscopic.So, checked the glass slide before use to minimize the
contamination.Other than that, the formation of air bubbles.This happen when the
small bubbles appear on the glass slide is being ignore and this may disappear bt it
will likely to float off during staining.So,care is taken to avoid the formation of air
bubbles in floatation bath.
There are also a few problems that we may face during tissue staining.For example,
the time is not accurately follow.This happen when we do the process in hurry and
skipped some steps.Thus, it will produce inconsistent result.So,use stopwatch to have
the accurate time of staining and the tissue specimen will completely stain.Other than
that, the process of de-waxing is incomplete.This may lead the slide contain patches
and residue wax.So that, the tissue section unevenly can be stained.So, pleased
ensure the process of de-waxing is complete before the next process is proceed.

The problems faced during tissue mounting is the sections are sometimes rushed
through alcohol to xylene.Clearing in xylene will contaminated with water and got the
results in the presence of tiny water in the tissue.To avoid this,ensure that the sections
are thoroughly dehydrated before being place in the xylene for clearing.Other than
that, some nucleic appear to become black because the sections have been dry
before the coverslip applied.So,to stop this happen the coverslip must be apply before
the sections become dry.

Lastly,the tissue was observed under light microscope.The problems that always occur
during observation are the nucleus and cytoplasm cannot be differentiate due to poor
staining solution and there are a lot of dust particles present on the glass side which
cause contaminated slide.As the solution, make sure that the slide are completely
stained and keep the slide in a closed container to avoid the present of dust particles.

24
 CHAPTER 5

CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION

5.1 Conclusion

In a conclusion, histology is a complicated science and it was related to the large set
of methods and principles for the preparation of biological samples. Any mistake can
effects the production of tissue slide. Tissue fixation process was to preserve the
tissues from autolysis process and minimize the loss of cellular component and
grossing was able to cut the tissues into the small sections. After that, tissue
processing to embed the tissues with solid medium and able to make the process of
dehydration, clearing, infiltrating and impregnating. Then, followed by tissue
embedding process where the tissues become the block during this process. At the
tissue sectioning, the ribbon sections was able to produce and lay on the surface of
water in a floatation bath. Next, the tissue was undergo staining process to give colour
to the tissues and mounting was carry out. Lastly, the tissue sections was observed
under a light microscope.

The results of mine in histological techniques are 2 tissue blocks were produced
during embedding and 2 ribbon sections were produced during sectioning. After that,
the tissue sections was undergo staining and mounting process and lastly observation
under a light microscope. My results were parallel with the objectives of histological
techniques.

5.2 Recommendations

To get a good specimens, there are a few recommendations that can be make and
improve in the lab. Firstly for the tissue staining, required an automated tissue stainer
to make the process more smoothly and decrease the usage of energy in Histology
lab. Next, more apparatus should be required to save the time and also reduce
human’s errors. Lastly, replace all the reagent used in staining after being used to
improve staining process so that the nucleus and cytoplasm can be seen clearly under
a light microscope.

25
REFERENCES

 AKEY, O. M., GUNDUZ, E., BASYIGIT, H. & GULBAS, Z. 2007.

Platelet function testing during 5-day storage of single and random

donor plateletpheresis. Transfusion and Apheresis Science, 36,

285-289.

 Lab manual of Histological Technique (CSI 102) Medical

Laboratory Technology of UITM Kampus Bertam.

 

26
 APPENDIXES

TISSUE PROCESSOR

TISSUE EMBEDDING CENTER

27
ROTARY MICROTOME

28
STAINING REAGENT

FLOATATION BATH

29
THE RIBBON SECTION LAY IN THE FLOATATION BATH

30