PHILIPPINE CIVIL AVIATION REGULATIONS

PART 5
AIRWORTHINESS
(GROUP 6)
(CALEB)
PCAR part 5 presents regulatory requirements for the airworthiness of aircraft expected to
operate in the republic of the Philippines using the standards and recommended practices in
ICAO annexes 6 band 8. Part 5 is designed to address the complex situation faced by most
countries today respecting the airworthiness of aircraft operating within the country and in
international aviation.

GENERAL
This regulation prescribes the requirements for-
(1) Certification of aircraft and aeronautical components;
(2) Issuance of Certificate of Airworthiness and other certifications for aeronautical products;
(3) Continued airworthiness of aircraft and aeronautical components;
(4) Rebuilding and modifications of aircraft and aeronautical components
(5) Maintenance and preventive maintenance of aircraft and aeronautical components;
(6) Aircraft inspection requirements; and
(7) Air operator aircraft maintenance and inspection requirements.

DEFINITIONS:
Continuing Airworthiness- The process an aircraft, engine, propeller or part complies with
airworthiness requirements and remains in a condition for safe operation throughout its operating
life.
Major modification- An alteration not listed in the aircraft, aircraft engine, or propeller
specifications
(a) that might appreciably affect weight, balance, structural strength, performance,
power-plant, operations, flight characteristics, or other qualities affecting airworthiness;
or
(b) that is not done according to accepted practices or cannot be done by elementary
operations.
Maintenance release- A certification confirming that the maintenance has been completed in
accordance with the applicable standards of airworthiness, using approved data.
Major repair- A repair:
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(1) that if improperly done might appreciably affect weight, balance, structural strength,
performance, power-plant, operations, flight characteristics, or other qualities affecting
airworthiness; or
(2) that is not done according to accepted practices or cannot be done by elementary operations.
(LUIS BELTRAN)
Modification- The alteration of an aircraft/aeronautical product with an approved standard.
Preventative maintenance- Simple or minor preservation operations and the replacement of
small standard parts, not involving complex assembly operations.
Overhaul- The restoration of an aircraft/aeronautical product using methods, techniques, and
practices acceptable to the Authority, which have been developed and documented by the State
of Design, holder of the type certificate, supplemental type certificate, or a material, part,
process, or appliance approval under Parts Manufacturing Authorization (PMA) or Technical
Standard Order (TSO).
Rebuild- The restoration of an aircraft/aeronautical product by using methods, techniques, and
practices acceptable by the Authority, and tested to the same tolerances and limits as a new item,
using either new parts or used parts that conform to new part tolerances and limits. This work
will be performed by only the manufacturer or an organization approved by the manufacturer,
and Authorized by the State of Registry.
Return to Service (RTS) - A document signed by an authorized representative of an approved
maintenance organization. In respect of an inspection, repair or modification on a complete
aircraft, engine or propeller after it has received a Maintenance Release for the maintenance
performed at an AMO.
Note: An air operator's aircraft are returned to service following maintenance by a person
specifically authorized by an AMO rather than by an individual on their own behalf. A return to
service can only be signed when all maintenance has been completed, accounted for and a
maintenance release signed as described in Parts 5 and 6. The person signing the RTS acts in the
capacity of an authorized agent for the AMO and is certifying that the maintenance covered by
the RTS was accomplished according to the air operator's continuous maintenance program.
Responsibility for each step of the accomplished maintenance is borne by the person signing for
that step and the RTS certifies the entire maintenance work package. This arrangement in no way
reduces the responsibility of licensed aircraft maintenance technicians (AMT) or maintenance
organizations for maintenance functions or tasks they perform or supervise. The RTS is required
for all commercially operated aircraft including flight training aircraft having undergone
maintenance at an AMO; however this may also be used for Non-Commercial aircraft.
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State of Design - The Contracting State which approved the original type certificate and any
subsequent supplemental type certificates for an aircraft, or which approved the design of an
aeronautical product or appliance.
State of Manufacture - The State having jurisdiction over the organization responsible for the
final assembly of the aircraft engine or propeller.
State of Registry - The Contracting State on whose register the aircraft is entered.

(JAYSON MUSA)
ABBREVIATIONS
1. AOC – Air Operator Certificate
2. AMO – Approved Maintenance Organization
3. MEL – Minimum Equipment List
4. PIC – Pilot in command
5. TSO – Technical Standard Order

AIRCRAFT AND COMPONENT ORIGINAL CERTIFICATION

Rules for original certification of aircraft and related aeronautical products.
Any applicant for a production certificate for any aircraft or aeronautical product shall comply
with the type certificate as required by the State of Design for approval.
At such time as the application for production is presented the Authority will make available
suitable regulations or provisions for the issuance of a Certificate of Airworthiness, or
airworthiness document as appropriate for the product concerned.
Any component or product installed or to be installed in a Philippine Registered aircraft shall
have an airworthiness approval tag traceable to an approved airworthiness standard accepted by
the Authority, issued by an authorized person on the basis of inspection and operation tests,
certifying that those products conform to a type design included in a Type Certificate validated
by the Authority and is in condition for safe operation.

SUPPLEMENTAL TYPE CERTIFICATES

Any person who alters a product by introducing a major change in type design, not great enough
to require a new application for a type certificate, shall apply for a Supplemental Type Certificate
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to the regulatory agency of the State of Design that approved the type certificate for that product,
or to the State of Registry of the aircraft. The applicant shall apply in accordance with the
procedures prescribed by that State.

CERTIFICATE OF AIRWORTHINESS
Any registered owner of a Philippine registered aircraft, or agent of the owner, may apply for a
Certificate of Airworthiness for that aircraft.
Each applicant for a Certificate of Airworthiness shall apply in a form and manner acceptable to
the Authority.

(SHARMAINE AGUILAR)
CLASSIFICATIONS OF CERTIFICATE OF AIRWORTHINESS
Standard Certificate of Airworthiness will be issued for aircraft in the specific category and
model designated by the State of Design in the type certificate.
The Authority may issue a Special Certificate of Airworthiness in the form of a restricted
certificate or special flight permit.
AMENDMENT OF CERTIFICATE OF AIRWORTHINESS
The Authority may amend or modify a Certificate of Airworthiness:
1. Upon application from an operator.
2. On its own initiative
TRANSFER OR SURRENDER OF CERTIFICATE OF AIRWORTHINESS
An owner shall transfer a Certificate of Airworthiness—
1. To the lessee upon lease of an aircraft within or outside the Republic of the Philippines.
2. To the buyer upon sale of the aircraft within the Republic of the Philippines.
An owner shall surrender the Certificate of Airworthiness for the aircraft to the issuing Authority
upon sale of that aircraft outside of the Republic of the Philippines.

EFFECTIVE DATES OF A CERTIFICATE OF AIRWORTHINESS

Unless sooner surrendered, suspended, revoked, or a termination date is otherwise established by
the Authority, Certificate of Airworthiness are effective as follows:
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1. Standard Certificate of Airworthiness, special Certificate of Airworthiness, and Certificate of
Airworthiness issued for restricted or limited category aircraft are effective for one year as long
as the maintenance, preventive maintenance, and alterations are performed in accordance with
this regulation and the aircraft is registered in the Republic of the Philippines
2. A special flight permit is effective for the period of time specified in the permit.
3.An experimental certificate for research and development, showing compliance with
regulations, crew training, or market surveys is effective for 1 year after the date of issue or
renewal unless the Authority prescribes a shorter period. The duration of an experimental
certificate issued for operating amateur-built aircraft, exhibition, air-racing, operating primary
kit-built aircraft, unless the Authority establishes a specific period for good cause. (b) The
owner, operator, or bailee of the aircraft shall, upon request, make it available for inspection by
the Authority. (c) Upon suspension, revocation, or termination by order of the Authority of a
Certificate of Airworthiness, the owner, operator, or bailee of an aircraft shall, upon request,
surrender the certificate to the Authority. (d) When an aircraft imported for registration in
Republic of the Philippines has a Certificate of Airworthiness issued by another Contracting
State, Republic of the Philippines may, as an alternative to issuance of its own Certificate of
Airworthiness, establish validity by suitable Authorization to be carried with the former
Certificate of Airworthiness accepting it as the equivalent of a Certificate of Airworthiness
issued by Republic of the Philippines. The validity of the Authorization shall not extend beyond
the period of validity of the Certificate of Airworthiness or one year, whichever is less.

AIRCRAFT IDENTIFICATION
Each applicant for a Certificate of Airworthiness shall show that the aircraft is properly
registered and marked, including identification plates.

(CALEB)
ISSUE OF STANDARD CERTIFICATE OF AIRWORTHINESS
An applicant for a standard Certificate of Airworthiness for an import aircraft type certificated in
accordance is entitled to a Certificate of Airworthiness if the country in which the aircraft was
manufactured or previously registered certifies, and the Authority finds, that:
(1) The applicant presents evidence that the aircraft conforms to a type design approved under a
type certificate or a supplemental type certificate and to the applicable Airworthiness Directives
of the State of Manufacture;
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(2) The aircraft has been inspected in accordance with this regulation for inspections and found
airworthy by persons Authorized by the Authority to make such determinations within the last 30
calendar days; and
(3) The Authority finds after an inspection that the aircraft conforms to type design and is in
condition for safe operation
The Authority may validate a Certificate of Airworthiness issued by another Contracting State
upon registration of the aircraft in Republic of the Philippines for the period specified in that
certificate.
Likewise, all Class I Aeronautical Products, such as aircraft, engine and propeller that are first of
its kind to be placed under Philippine registry must undergo type certificate validation to become
eligible for importation and to obtain Certificate of Airworthiness.

(LUIS BELTRAN)
AIRWORTHINESS DIRECTIVES
Upon registration of an aircraft in the Philippines, the Authority will notify the State of Design of
the aircraft of the registration in the Philippines, and request

that the Authority receives any and all airworthiness directives addressing that aircraft, airframe,
aircraft engine, propeller, appliance, or component part.
Whenever the State of Design considers that a condition in an aircraft, airframe, aircraft engine,
propeller, appliance, or component part is unsafe as shown by the issuance of an airworthiness
directive by that State, the requirements of such directives shall apply to the Philippines
registered civil aircraft of the type identified in that airworthiness directive.
The Authority may identify manufacturer's service bulletins and other sources of data, or develop
and prescribe inspections, procedures and limitations, in the form of an airworthiness directive
for mandatory compliance pertaining to affected aircraft.
No person may operate any Philippine registered civil aircraft to which the measures of this
subsection apply, except in accordance with the applicable directives.

COMMERCIAL AIR TRANSPORT

The Authority will consider a Certificate of Airworthiness valid for commercial air transport
only when that aircraft is included in the AOC’s Specific Operating Provisions, issued by the
Authority which identifies the specific types of commercial air transport Authorized.
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EXPERIMENTAL CERTIFICATES

Experimental certificates are issued for the following purposes:

(a) Research and development.
(b) Showing compliance with regulations.
(c) Crew training.
(d) Exhibition.
(e) Air racing.
(f) Market surveys.
(g) Operating amateur-built aircraft.
(h) Operating kit-built aircraft.

(JAYSON MUSA)

SPECIAL FLIGHT

A special flight permit may be issued for an aircraft that may not currently meet applicable
airworthiness requirements but is capable of safe flight.

CONTINUED AIRWORTHINESSOF AIRCRAFT AND COMPONENTS

This Subpart prescribes rules governing the continued airworthiness of civil aircraft registered in
the Republic of the Philippines whether operating inside or outside the borders of the Republic of
the Philippines.

RESPONSIBILITY

The owner of an aircraft or, in the case of a leased aircraft, the lessee, shall be responsible for
maintaining the aircraft in an airworthy condition by ensuring that—

(1) All maintenance, overhaul, modifications and repairs which affect airworthiness are
performed as prescribed by the State of Registry;

(2) Authorized maintenance personnel make appropriate entries in the aircraft maintenance
records certifying that the aircraft is airworthy;

(3) A maintenance release is completed to the certify that the maintenance work performed has
been completed satisfactorily and in accordance with the prescribed methods; and

(4) In the event there are open discrepancies, the maintenance release includes a list of the
uncorrected maintenance items and these items are made a part of the aircraft permanent record.
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(SHARMAINE AGUILAR)
REPORTING OF FAILURES, MALFUNCTIONS, AND DEFECTS

Owners or operators of airplane over 5,700 kg and helicopters over 3, 175 maximum take-off
weight shall report to the Authority and to the organization responsible for the aircraft type
design any failure, malfunction, or defect.

REPLACEMENT AND MODIFICATION PARTS

Except as provided in another part of this section, no person may produce a modification or
replacement part for sale for installation on a type certificated product unless it is produced
pursuant to a Parts Manufacturer Approval issued under this subpart.

DAMAGE TO AIRCRAFT

(a) When the aircraft has sustained damage that requires major repair or replacement of the
affected component, the CAAP shall judge whether the damage is of a nature such that the
aircraft is no longer airworthy as defined by the appropriate airworthiness requirements.

(b) If the damage is sustained or ascertained when the aircraft is in the territory of another
Contracting State, the authorities of that Contracting State shall be entitled to prevent the aircraft
from resuming its flight on the condition that they shall advise the CAAP immediately,
communicating to all details necessary to formulate the judgment referred to in (a).

(c) When CAAP considers that the damage sustained is of a nature such that the aircraft is still
airworthy, the aircraft shall be allowed to resume its flight.

AIRCRAFT MAINTENANCE AND INSPECTION

This Subpart prescribes rules governing the maintenance and inspection of any aircraft having a Republic
of the Philippines Certificate of Airworthiness or associated aeronautical products

(CALEB, LUIS, JAYSON AND SHARMAINE)

PERSONS AUTHORIZED TO PERFORM MAINTENANCE
(i) If the supervisor personally observes the work being done to the extent necessary to ensure
that it is being done properly, and
(ii) If the supervisor is readily available, in person, for consultation.
(3) A licensed aviation maintenance technician may perform or supervise the maintenance or
modification of an aircraft or aeronautical product for which he or she is rated subject to the
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limitation of Part 2, Section 2.4.4 of these regulations. (4) An AMO may perform aircraft
maintenance within the limits specified by the Authority.

(a) No person may perform any task defined as maintenance on an aircraft or aeronautical
products, except as provided in the following—
(1) A pilot licensed by the Authority may perform elementary work as specified in IS: 5.6.1.3
(a).
(2) A person working under the supervision of a aviation maintenance technician, may perform
the maintenance, preventive maintenance, and modifications that the supervisory aviation
maintenance technician is Authorized to perform—
(5) No AOC holder may perform aircraft maintenance unless approved under Part 6 of these
regulations.
(6) A manufacturer holding an AMO may—
(i) Rebuild or alter any aeronautical product manufactured by that manufacturer under a type or
production certificate;
(ii) Rebuild or alter any aeronautical product manufactured by that manufacturer under a TSO
Authorization, a Parts Manufacturer Approval by the State of Design, or Product and Process
Specification issued by the State of Design; and
(iii) Perform any inspection required by Part 8 on aircraft it manufacturers, while currently
operating under a production certificate or under a currently approved production inspection
system for such aircraft.

PERFORMANCE RULES: AIRWORTHINESS LIMITATIONS

Each person performing an inspection or other maintenance specified in an airworthiness
limitations section of a current manufacturer's maintenance manual, or Instructions for Continued
Airworthiness, shall perform the inspection or other maintenance in accordance with that section,
or in accordance with specifications approved by the Authority.

PERFORMANCE RULES: MODIFICATIONS AND REPAIRS

All modifications and repairs shall comply with airworthiness requirements of this CAR and be
acceptable to the State of Design or the CAAP. The owner or operator shall ensure that the
substantiating data supporting compliance with the airworthiness requirements are retained.
However, in the case of s major repair or major modification, the work must have been done in
accordance with technical data approved by the State of Design or the CAAP before returning
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the aircraft to service. Approval or acceptance of a specific modification or repair on a specific
aircraft by the State of Design shall constitute approval by the CAAP and no further approvals
will be required.