HPAC Engineering - October2019 PDF
HPAC Engineering - October2019 PDF
OCTOBER 2019
www.hpac.com
Fitting Tribute
Stunning new Colorado HQ and training center
showcase one manufacturer’s commitment to
innovation, education, and style. See p. 14
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© 2019 Greenheck
Circle 150
Let our customers
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Circle 151
HEATING / PIPING / AIR CONDITIONING
INSIDE HPAC ENGINEERING
OCTOBER 2019 • VOL. 91, NO. 10
EDITORIAL OFFICE
200 West Madison St.
Suite 2610
Chicago IL 60607
312-635-9124
www.hpac.com
EDITORIAL CONTACTS
MIKE EBY
Senior Director of Content
[email protected]
ROB MCMANAMY
14
FEATURES:
Executive Editor
[email protected]
DAVID ECKHART
Art Director 14 Fitting Tribute
Stunning new headquarters and training center showcase the manufacturer’s
SUSAN POSKIN
Ad Operations Specialist elevated commitment to innovation, education, and style.
By Jason McKinnon
SALES CONTACTS
DIRECTOR OF SALES
22 Data is The Key to All Things Building Automation
MIKE HELLMANN Engineers today must consider all potential data streams needed to
978-289-0098 • Fax: 913-514-6921 optimize operations
[email protected] By Jeffery McClain
SENIOR MANAGER,
BUSINESS DEVELOPMENT
25 Converting Generation Z to Generation T (Trades)
JOHN EHLEN As the talent crunch intensifies, firms are learning they will have to offer
612-669-7582 • Fax: 763-550-2977 new recruits much more than just a paycheck.
[email protected] By Sarah Mueller and Stacey Holsinger
NORTH CENTRAL
BRETT RYDEN 28 Reap Actionable Data Analytics from Building
312-840-8461 Systems with IoT Platforms
[email protected]
Commercial building operators are poised to take full advantage of
SOUTH & WEST installed systems that now offer massive possibilities for data mining and
RANDY JETER improving performance.
512-263-7280 • Fax: 913-514-6628
[email protected]
By Michael C. Skurla
EAST
BRIAN SACK Editor’s Notes ......................... 4 Classifieds ............................ 32
732-629-1949
[email protected] Clark’s Remarks...................... 6 Ad Index ............................... 32
CLASSIFIEDS/INSIDE SALES New Products ....................... 10
ERIC HUGHEY
913-967-7347
[email protected]
LIST RENTAL
JUSTIN LYMAN
FEELING SOCIAL?
913-967-1377
[email protected] Follow us on Twitter at @HPACEng,
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SAVES
CONTRACTORS
UP TO
100
MINUTES
OF SERVICE TIME1
EDITORIAL
EDITORIAL
ADVISORY
ADVISORY BOARD:
BOARD:
Coordinating Innovation May Be the Key William
William G.
G. Acker
Acker
Acker
Acker &
& Associates
says Burcin Kaplanoglu, PhD, executive
N
ecessity is the mother of inven- Associates
tion, they say. (Just as deadlines director of the Oracle Construction and William
William P.
P. Bahnfleth,
Bahnfleth, PhD,
PhD, PE
PE
are the father of productivity!) Engineering Innovation Lab. “The key to The Pennsylvania
The Pennsylvania State
State
University
University
After decades of resistance, our indus- unlocking substantial, lasting value is in
try is actually a leader in innovation these extracting new intelligence by centralizing David
David W.
W. Bearg,
Bearg, PE
PE
Life
Life Energy
Energy Associates
days, driven by prevailing market condi- and making use of the data generated by Associates
tions and scientific imperatives that are these new tools across the full asset life- Don Beaty,
Don Beaty, PE,
PE, FASHRAE
FASHRAE
allowing engineering creativity to flower cycle — production, installation and op- DLB
DLB Associates
Associates Consulting
Consulting
Engineers
Engineers
throughout the built environment. And eration — of mechanical systems.”
the newer, prevailing emphasis on energy Launched 14 months ago in the Chicago Lawrence
Lawrence (Larry)
(Larry) Clark,
Clark,
efficiency has been embraced whole-heart- suburb of Deerfield IL, the Lab is a simu- QCxP, GGP,
QCxP, GGP, LEED
LEED AP+
AP+
Sustainable
Sustainable Performance
Performance
edly by public and private owners looking lated worksite where contractors and sub- Solutions
Solutions LLC
LLC
to stretch dollars while maintaining ten- contractors can experiment with field use of
Peter
Peter D’Antonio,
D’Antonio, PE,
PE, CEM,
ant comfort for clients as diverse as high the internet of things (IoT), drones, autono- LEED AP
AP
CEM,
LEED
schools, hospitals, offices and data centers. mous equipment, augmented reality (AR), PCD
PCD Engineering
Engineering Inc.
Inc.
“The HVAC industry must keep pace artificial intelligence (AI), machine learning
Kenneth
Kenneth M.
M. Elovitz,
Elovitz, PE,
PE, Esq.
Esq.
with consumer trends,” explains engineer (ML), and other developing technologies. Energy
Energy Economics
Economics Inc.
Inc.
Mark Kuntz, CEO of Mitsubishi Elec- That broad, holistic approach to prob-
tric Trane HVAC US LLC (METUS). lem solving is also manifest in the inter- Thomas Hartman,
Thomas Hartman, PEPE
The
The Hartman
Hartman Co.
Co.
“Sustainability is a core demand driver sections of the sustainability and smart
for energy-efficient technologies capable cities movements. Vast, global problems Asif
Asif Kadiani,
Kadiani, PE,
PE, CEM
CEM
Murphy
Murphy Co.
of reducing source energy and fossil fuel made more manageable by creating a net- Co.
emissions… We’re also seeing a surge in work of interdisciplinary solutions. John H.
John H. Klote,
Klote, PE,
PE, DSc
DSc
the construction of high-performance “As cities commit to meeting rigorous
Valentine
Valentine A.
A. Lehr,
Lehr, PE,
PE,
buildings with integrated systems in the decarbonization goals, there’s been a clear FASHRAE
FASHRAE
built environment.” and decisive move to electrify the U.S. Lehr Consultants International
Lehr Consultants International
Indeed, that emphasis on harvesting energy grid,” notes Kuntz. “(METUS) is Mark S.
S. Lentz,
Lentz, PE
PE
Mark
data for optimizing building performance supporting this trend towards strategic Lentz
Lentz Engineering
Engineering
and commercial space usage is the subject electrification, leveraging our industry ex- Associates
Associates Inc.
Inc.
of two separate innovation stories in this pertise, plus high-performance heat pump Dave
Dave Moser,
Moser, PE,
PE, CPMP
CPMP
issue, one from Schneider Electric (p. 22) and controls technologies to help cities Cascade
Cascade Energy
Energy
and the other from BitBox USA (p. 28). find ways to meet these goals.”
Joel
Joel N.
N. Orr,
Orr, PhD
PhD
Both stories make clear that data will soon According to the U.S. Energy Infor- Orr
Orr Associates
Associates International
International
be driving even more decision-making, mation Administration (EIA), roughly
J.
J. Jay
Jay Santos,
Santos, PE
especially as occupants and facility man- 20 percent of total U.S. energy use goes Facility
PE
Facility Dynamics
Dynamics Engineering
Engineering
agers become more and more comfortable toward powering commercial buildings.
with the new technologies. And about 15 percent of those commercial Andrew
Andrew J.J. Streifel,
Streifel, MPH
MPH
University
University of
of Minnesota
Minnesota
“In the next five years, we see the user buildings have building automation sys-
experience moving from the building en- tems (BAS) that deploy controls, such as James
James P.
P. Waltz,
Waltz, PE,
PE, CEM,
CEM,
gineer and maintenance purview to the sensors that turn on lights or heating for a ACFE
ACFE
Energy
Energy Resource
Resource Associates
Associates Inc.
end user,” writes Jeff McClain, CEM, of room, only when it’s occupied. Expect to Inc.
Schneider Electric Digital Energy. That mi- see those numbers grow rapidly. Gary
Gary W.
W. Wamsley,
Wamsley, PE,
PE, CEM
CEM
JoGar
JoGar Energy
Energy Services
gration will include an increasing reliance One surprising hurdle? Researchers at Services
on machine learning (ML), he notes, where San Diego State University reported last Michael
Michael K.
K. West,
West, PhD,
PhD, PE
PE
building systems will be designed to adapt month that many architects are still slow Advantek
Advantek Consulting
Consulting
on their own to changing circumstances. to include smart controls in building de- Ron
Ron Wilkinson,
Wilkinson, PE,
PE, LEED
LEED AP
AP
“The industry is embracing innova- signs. Perhaps our engineer readers can Wilkinson
Wilkinson Commissioning
Commissioning
tion, but the focus still tends to be on encourage some of their creative com- Management
Management
solving problems one use case at a time,” rades to innovate more outside the box. Gerald
Gerald J.
J. Williams,
Williams, PE,
PE,
LEED
LEED AP
AP
8760 Engineering LLC
8760 Engineering LLC
Expanded!
¨
Circle 153
CLARK’S REMARKS
BY LARRY CLARK, SUSTAINABLE PERFORMANCE SOLUTIONS LLC
A
lthough some definitions of The first of these, in January, In most galvanic cells, an electro-
“innovation” require that was the thermogalvanic brick, de- chemical reaction causes an electric
it have been introduced to veloped by scientists from King’s current to flow between the electrodes.
market, I prefer a broader definition, College (London), Arizona State In a thermogalvanic cell, a tempera-
especially as it relates to technology. University, and the University of ture differential between the electrodes
Merriam-Webster keeps it simple: New South Wales (Sydney, Austra- — which may be similar metals —re-
the introduction of something new lia). Working together as part of sults in an electromotive potential.
(or) a new idea, method, or device. the PLuS Alliance, the three lead- The thermogalvanic brick generates
Writing about innovative tech- ing research universities aim to electricity when the interior and exte-
nologies, with eco-sustainable im- solve global challenges in the areas rior faces of the brick are maintained at
pacts, has been a priority for me. In of health, social justice, sustain- different temperatures. So a structure
the first eight months of this year, I fo- ability, technology and innovation. built with these bricks will produce
cused on six of what I consider to be The “brick” is actually a galvanic electricity when exposed to the sun,
breakthrough technologies that have cell, similar to a conventional lead- much like a solar photovoltaic cell.
the potential to significantly reduce car- acid battery in that it has dissimi- For emergency housing or storage,
bon emissions, without requiring us to lar metal electrodes immersed in an or housing in developing countries,
abandon all of our creature comforts. electrolyte solution. this could literally be a life changer.
A regular contributor to HPAC Engineering and a member of its editorial advisory board, the author is a principal at Sustain-
able Performance Solutions LLC, a south Florida-based engineering firm focusing on energy and sustainability.
Transcending industries, a biomedical engineer has designed the breakthrough Bivacor artificial heart. It has only one moving part, a
spinning disc suspended in a magnetic field (similar to maglev chiller compressors), to pump blood through a body’s circulatory system.
versity of Chemical Technology, the RPM, but their very low friction make who has been working on this project
electrolyzer can use untreated seawa- them more energy efficient than con- since 2001, when his father was diag-
ter as its “fuel”. The research team ventional heat pump compressors, nosed with a serious heart condition.
was able to develop both a multi- resulting in 20-to-30 percent higher The device has only one moving part,
layer electrode to resist saltwater cor- heat transfer coefficients. Since the using a spinning disc suspended in
rosion, and a catalyst that repels salt design of these small, low-friction, a magnetic field (similar to maglev
molecules. Their prototype produced high-speed wheels is extremely com- chiller compressors), to pump blood
400 mA/cm2 at 2.1 V with real seawa- plex, the EPFL team used artificial through a body’s circulatory system.
ter, and showed no degradation after intelligence (AI) to run hundreds of Earlier this year, the Texas Heart In-
1,000 hours of operation. Commer- thousands of high-speed simulations. stitute implanted a Bivacor heart into
cialization of this technology could a cow, for a successful 90-day trial.
result in pollution-free power plants Behold, the Mechanical Heart To date, there have been at least 15
using seawater as their fuel. Finally, although I haven’t yet cows and several sheep implanted with
July’s focus was on another break- written about it, and it has nothing the device, and researchers are mov-
through from the Ecole Polytech- (and everything) to do with our in- ing toward human trials. The Bivacor
nique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), dustry, my pick for the best innova- heart is encased in titanium, which is
a Swiss university and research in- tion so far this year is the Bivacor corrosion-resistant and inert in the
stitute that specializes in science and artificial heart. Historical artificial human body to avoid rejection. When
engineering. According to their web- heart designs have relied on me- this device completes human trials and
site, EPFL publishes an average of chanical pumps modeled after the is approved by the FDA, it will have the
382 scientific articles each month, so four chambers of the human heart. potential to save millions of lives.
it’s no surprise that this is the second Since the human heart, at an aver- These innovations, as remark-
shout-out that I’ve given them this age rate of 80 times per minute, will able as they all are, represent only a
year. This latest noteworthy innova- beat 42 million times in a year (that’s fraction of the technological break-
tion is EPFL’s use of artificial intel- more than 3 billion times in an av- throughs that have happened so far
ligence (AI) to develop microturbo- erage life), designing a reliable me- this year. As Arthur C. Clarke, one
compressors to energy-efficient heat chanical pump has been a formidable of my favorite authors when I was a
pumps. These small diameter (less challenge. The Bivacor heart was youngster, put it so well: “Any suffi-
than one inch) microturbocompres- developed by Daniel Timms, Ph.D. ciently advanced technology is equiv-
sors rotate at speeds up to 500,000 Dr. Timms is a biomedical engineer alent to magic.”
SUSTAINABLE FRONTIERS
A Special HPAC Engineering eBook
HPAC Engineering is providing a handy reference guide
to some of our best writing on sustainability issues in the
past year. What better place to turn than the ever-evolving
archives of our most prolific contributor, sustainability
expert Larry Clark.
Algae Insects
Water filter optimizes
Airborne
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Leaves Particles
Pollen
PROBLEM:
Airborne dust and debris, microbiological
Cooling growth, pollen and other materials collect
Tower
Heat in cooling towers. Combined with calcium
Exchanger
carbonate, magnesium silicate, rust, iron
chips, scale and other corrosion by-products,
Rust they reduce heat transfer efficiency.
Water
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Line pressure powered Orival water filters
O
R
Circle 156
FEATURE
A
Broomfield CO tracting enough, the lobby contains tarian training centers where trades-
a video screen that runs up one wall, people crowded around instructors at
ttendees at Viega LLC’s across the ceiling and down the op- worktables under fluorescent lights.
new Colorado Seminar posite wall, like an upside down U. It opened in April and has been im-
Center in Broomfield Visitors stand under it and watch pressing visitors since with its blend
can be forgiven for be- looping videos, which include a wa- of beauty and tech innovation.
ing late to class. terfall of Viega fittings filling the legs “The word we hear most often from
Entering the classrooms requires of the U. first-time visitors is ‘wow’,” said Rob-
tearing themselves away from the With its glass walls, conference ert Boots, Executive Vice President
lobby’s stunning view of the Rocky center amenities and interactive dis- and Chief Operating Officer at Viega.
Based in Hudson NH, the author is director of technical services at Viega, and a former design engineer, product trainer, and train-
ing and technical support manager. He has a mechanical engineering technology degree from University of Massachusetts Lowell.
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Circle 157
FEATURE
The training center is built around a central hallway running off the lobby and lined with interactive exhibits more educational
than promotional.
ter. The integration of the buildings nation’s shortage of skilled trades- manufacturing industry and filling a
on a compact campus allows Viega to people. Across different industries gap in trades education.
seamlessly coordinate administration, and verticals, corporations, govern- Viega is not a newcomer to trades
commerce and training. ments, unions and public-private education. It opened its New Hamp-
It makes sense for a growing com- partnerships are investing in trades shire Seminar Center in Nashua in
pany like Viega to invest in a beau- education. This year alone: 2006 and remodeled the center in
tiful headquarters, but why spend • DENSO, a Japanese automotive 2017 to make it more interactive.
money making the Seminar Center a components manufacturer, opened Its popularity led to the decision to
showpiece, as well? a $1.95 million training center at its make the Colorado center even larger
“We want our customers and plant in Battle Creek, MI; with more hands-on space.
people who are visiting the Seminar • The Michigan Regional Council “Compared to other manufactur-
Center to really have a good under- of Carpenters and Millwrights cut er’s training centers I’ve been to, this
standing of the focus that Viega has the ribbon on a training center in takes it to a whole new level,” said
on quality of our products, our ser- Wayland; Bo DeAngelo, manager of techni-
vices and our people,” Boots said. • Pipefitters’ United Association cal training. “It takes all the techni-
“We want to make a statement with of Boston Local 537 opened a center calaspects and puts them in a real-
our seminar centers when you walk in Dorchester, MA; world context for users.”
in that you know you’re dealing with • With partial funding from global The center is built around a cen-
a company that focuses on quality.” manufacturer Dana, Inc., Owens tral hallway running off the lobby
Community College in Perrysburg, and lined with interactive exhibits
Investing in the Trades OH, broke ground on an advanced designed by a Chicago firm, Matrex.
While Viega’s seminar center sets manufacturing training center. The displays are more educational
a standard, it’s being joined by a host These new centers are a long over- than promotional, demonstrating the
of others being built to address the due step in securing the country’s capabilities of Viega products in a va-
riety of applications relevant to cus-
tomers. This is done via video, design
and touchscreens.
“We give them the real world facts
and it seems to work,” DeAngelo said.
In addition to the hallway Interac-
tive Learning Center, the 23,000-sq-
ft center includes four classrooms
and two large workshops for dem-
onstrating equipment and technol-
ogy and giving students the chance
to try it for themselves.
Innovation is in Viega’s corporate
DNA. Founded in Germany in 1899
as a manufacturer of brass beer taps,
it now specializes in pipe fittings,
PEX pipe, flushing technology and
radiant systems. Its products are pro-
duced at six international locations
and distributed worldwide.
Viega is responsible for bringing
press technology to North America,
a market it entered on the company’s
100th anniversary. The technology,
which is standard in Europe, is steadily
making inroads here as contractors re-
alize it’s faster and more economical
Combined, more than 36,000 linear feet of tubing was laid between the two buildings. than threading, welding and soldering.
T
he biggest trends to collect and report real-time equip- tion were needed to specify the system.
emerge in the area of ment performance data. This data, As data collection and management
building automation coupled with historic data and asset are more commonly cloud-based, the
all share one central re- specifications can be used to opti- data architecture has changed, and
quirement – data. Auto- mize equipment operations for better engineers must consider the poten-
mation systems that can collect large energy use, such as phasing HVAC tial data streams that could or should
amounts of data enable buildings to systems in and out. be included in the overall conceptual
do things they never could have done design. They have to include network
years ago. Engineered systems professionals and think about how IT
It used to be that as a manufac- for modern environments architectures and wireless technolo-
turer, hardware was a selling point, If you consider the way projects gies integrate into the building.
but more and more the hardware it- were designed 15+ years ago, quite a They must also consider the overall
self has become a commodity. Today, lot has changed. Engineers then were user experience, which is greatly ex-
the real selling point is our ability to including the controls layer in their panded and more interactive. Rather
utilize and manage the data produced HVAC systems in their mechanical de- than individual workstations and a
Based in Chicago, the author is Branch Operations Manager for Schneider Electric Digital Energy. He has more than 25 years
of experience in operations and facilities management with a focus on building automation, energy efficiency, and sustainable
building operation.
In keeping with the growing telecommuting trend, more offices are taking advantage of the ‘hot desking’ or hoteling model.
Converting Generation Z
to Generation T (Trades)
As the talent crunch intensifies, firms are learning they will have to offer new
recruits much more than just a paycheck.
Our 2019 interns included (l to r) Kyaut Aim, Jack Britschge, Chavin DeSilva, Greg Hubscher, Paul Owens, and Brianne Gunn.
By SARAH MUELLER and STACEY HOLSINGER indicates that by 2020, 20% of the U.S workforce will be
Shapiro & Duncan, Inc. comprised of this generation.
Washington DC At Shapiro & Duncan, a third-generation family-
owned mechanical contractor serving customers in
G
en Z, population born in 1997 and later, has the Washington, D.C. area since 1976, we are making
started to enter the workforce! The oldest a concerted effort to stay relevant in our efforts to re-
members of this generation are 22 years cruit, hire, train and develop members of Gen Z. This
old, and many are starting the first jobs article will answer three key questions for construction
of their career. The U.S. Census Bureau hiring managers:
Sarah Mueller, SHRM-SCP, is Director of Human Resources at Shapiro & Duncan, and co-author Holsinger is Marketing
Manager. Based in Washington, the mechanical contracting firm employs more than 400 people and specializes in complex
commercial, government and institutional design-build projects.
Young people today want to care about the work they do and feel like they are contributing to the greater good.
1. Who is Gen Z? What do they fully engaged in their entry level po- ing with all of the other growing indus-
want out of a career? sition, internship or apprenticeship tries from major players to start-ups.
2. How are construction firms at- role. They crave to explore a world With such fierce competition be-
tracting, recruiting and developing outside their job description. That tween construction companies for the
talent in a modern and competitive means getting to know the entire com- most qualified applicants, candidates
market? pany, and their corporate values, mis- of all ages — not just Gen Z— are look-
3. What are some specific recruit- sion and vision. They want a greater ing for an immediate sense of gratifica-
ment strategies and tactics used? understanding of the organization tion in an employment opportunity.
and hope to gain experience by par- To keep them engaged, they require
Who They Are and What ticipating in networking, field visits, focused touch points beginning with
They Want Out of Work community work and social events. when they apply and continuing
Research suggests that Gen Z is through the hiring process.
hard working and ambitious: Recruiting, Hiring and In the current hyper-competitive
• 76% percent described them- Developing Today’s Talent construction job market, we have
selves as responsible for driving their For those of us involved in talent found that a best practice is to do a
own career. acquisition and development at Sha- thorough job of planning staffing
• While salary is important to piro & Duncan, the biggest difference needs. This enables you to anticipate
this group, it’s not what’s driving these days is not necessarily related needed skillsets and start attracting the
them to work hard: 74% rank pur- to Gen Z. It’s more about the fierce best people with outreach through so-
pose ahead of a paycheck. In other competition for human capital in cial media, career fairs and networking
words, these young people want to the construction industry due to the events in order to keep the recruitment
care about the work they do and feel well-documented shortage of talent pipeline as full as possible.
like they are contributing to the bet- in the skilled trades.
terment of the planet. Competition within our industry for Specific Recruitment
In our experience, inclusiveness in skilled trades people is at an all-time Strategies and Tactics
the company is critically important high and, additionally, with full em- Visiting Schools on Career Day
to Gen Z. They want and expect to be ployment nationwide we are compet- More than three-quarters of Gen Z
Data-driven building management solutions (BMS) are revolutionizing facilities management for all building types.
By MICHAEL C. SKURLA ufacturers have focused on the core NEST thermostat (and EcoBee alike)
BitBox USA tenet that product improvements are and the growth of intelligent appli-
Nashville TN directly related to energy savings. ances and home automation trickled
This has overall been an excep- out of the high-end market and into
T
here’s been an upheaval tional tactic since meeting the new mainstream homes worldwide.
in the commercial build- energy codes and the “Green” senti- This drive, due for the most part
ing space over the last ment both have a positive impact on to the proliferation of smartphones
several years. Holistically OpEx. Starting in 2010, however, the and Wi-fi, and the “always-on”
all trades have chased ef- residential market shifted with the necessity, fundamentally changed
ficiency within their respective silos entry of IoT devices initially reserved user connectivity levels and the
for decades. From HVAC tied to BMS for more technologically advanced built world (in this case the home).
solutions, to lighting and water, man- users. Smart home tech such as the The once siloed technology, the
Based in Park Ridge IL, the author is Director of Product Strategy for BitBox USA, developer of a facility management platform
that collects, organizes and delivers distributed IoT data to allow remote monitoring and management of critical infrastructure.
Skurla has more than 20 years of in-depth experience in control automation and IoT product design.
ability to collect data from tradition- larger audience and be analyzed from While every facility can aggre-
ally disjointed sources, most notably the perspective of various stakeholders. gate data, the challenge is to utilize
building technologies, and convert This rapidly growing micro-ser- the data for far greater impacts than
them into actionable Business Intel- vice analytics marketplace uses or- merely preventative maintenance
ligence (BI) far beyond mere facility ganized data-lakes of IoT and facil- and facility efficiency.
management. ity data in different perspectives for
The technology placed in facilities various stakeholders. For instance, Increased OpEx Performance
for specific purposes — thermostats, data from motion sensors attached Through Synergies
air quality sensors, lighting motion to HVAC and lighting equipment is No doubt operational efficiency
sensors, even elevator activity logs used for marketing insights in retail cannot be overlooked. A typical
— has far greater potential outside of settings. Portfolio leasing can be ana- commercial building has no less
the specific functions for which it is lyzed via IWMS software solutions than seven communicating subsys-
installed. That potential can only be on that same data, and the list goes tems (often many more). Generally,
reaped if these devices can ‘talk’ to a on and on. each of these sub-systems has its
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