REG -2013 Academic Year – 2017-18

IFET COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING

DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING
Subject Title : Control Systems Engineering. Title : Question bank
Subject Code : EC6405 Dept/Year/Semester : ECE/II /4
Type : 100% Numerical
UNIT I - CONTROL SYSTEM MODELING
Basic Elements of Control System – Open loop and Closed loop systems - Differential equation - Transfer function,
Modelling of Electric systems, Translational and rotational mechanical systems - Block diagram reduction
Techniques - Signal flow graph
PART-A
Basic Elements of Control System`
1. Define control system. (or) What is control system N/D-16
2. What are the basic elements of control system?
Open loop and Closed loop systems
3. What is meant by Open-loop system& Closed-loop system? Give example. N/D-11, A/M-11
4. List the disadvantages of closed loop systems.
5. Differentiate open loop and closed loop control systems. (Or) compare open loop and closed loop control
systems. N/D- 14, N/D-10, A/M-10,M/J-17
6. Mention the important features of Feedback.
7. What are the characteristics of negative feedback? M/J-14
8. List the advantages of closed loop systems. (Or) what are the main advantages of closed loop system over
open loop systems? N/D-15,N/D -12 M/J-12
9. List the advantages and disadvantages of open loop systems.
10. Write a note on Temperature control system in refrigerators.
11. Write short notes on thermal capacitance
Differential equation
12. How will you apply differential equations in real-time applications?
13. Write a note on the role of differential equations in control systems.
14. Find the transfer function of the network given in Fig.1

Transfer function
15. What is meant by Transfer function? (Or) Define transfer function. N/D-13, N/D-10
16. Write the necessity of transfer function in control systems.
17. Write the procedure for determining the transfer function of a control system.
18. Mention the properties of Transfer function.
19. Why input, output and other signals are represented in Laplace form in a control system?
20. Write down the transfer function of the system whose block diagram is shown below.

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Modeling of Electric systems

21. List the methods of analogous representation of mechanical system.
22. Write the mathematical expressions for step input and impulse input.
23.Mention the applications of Mechanical-electrical analogies.
24.How can you mathematically model a system?
25. Why mathematical model is essential to build a system?
26. List out the steps for modelling electrical system.
27. Write the analogous electrical elements in force –voltage analogy for the elements of mechanical translational
system.
28. Write the analogous electrical elements in force –current analogy for the elements of mechanical translational
system.
29. Write the analogous electrical elements in torque –voltage analogy for the elements of mechanical rotational
system.
30. Write the analogous electrical elements in torque –current analogy for the elements of mechanical rotational
system.
31. State the principle of homogeneity (or) State the principle of superposition.
32. Define resistance and capacitance of liquid level system. N/D-13
33. Name any two dynamic models used to represent control systems. M/J-13
34. What is a mathematical model of a control system?
35. Draw the electrical analogy of thermometer.
Translational and rotational mechanical systems
36. List the basic elements of translational mechanical  system. N/D-16
37. Assume a bus as a mechanical translational system and draw its diagram.
38. List the symbols used in mechanical translational system. Write their force balance equation.
39. What are the basic elements used for modelling mechanical rotational system?
40. Write the torque balance equation of an ideal rotational dashpot.
41.Write the torque balance equation of an ideal rotational spring.
Block diagram reduction Techniques
42. What is a block diagram? What are its basic components? N/D -11,15
43. Find the transfer function of the network given in fig.1 A/M-15

44. What is the basis for framing the rules of block diagram reduction technique?
45. Draw the equivalent block diagrams for the figures 1 and 2 given below:

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Signal flow graph

46. What is a signal flow graph? How does it differ from block diagram?
47. Mention the importance of gain in a control system.
48. How will you represent a system using signal flow graph?
49. Write short note on the various components of a signal flow graph.
50. Define non-touching loop. Write the relation between non-touching loops and forward paths.
51. List any two properties of signal flow graph. M/J-16, M/J -12
52. State Mason’s gain formula. A/M-15, N/D-14, M/J-14,13,A/M-17
53. List the advantages of signal flow graph method.
54. Draw the signal flow graph of a small signal amplifier.
55. Write the procedure to determine the transfer function using Mason’s gain formula.
56. What is electrical zero position of a synchro transmitter?
57. Write short notes on node and chain node.
58. How will you identify a branch in a signal flow graph?
59. What is self-loop?
60. How is an electrical signal converted to angular motion?
61. List the effects of instability with examples.
62. Write a brief note on computer modelling.
63. What is the effect of positive feedback on stability?
64. Can you apply a transfer function for non-linear systems? Justify
65. What is time invariant system?
PART-B
1.(i) For the mechanical system shown in fig .Draw the mechanical network diagram and hence write the
differential equations describing the behaviour of the system. Draw the force-voltage and force-current
analogous electrical circuits. N/D-14 (10M)

1. (ii)Explain open loop and closed loop control systems with examples. N/D-15 (6M)
1.(iii) Compare open loop and closed loop control systems N/D-16 (4M)
2. (i) Derive the expression for the transfer function of armature controlled DC motor. (Or) explain armature
controlled DC servo motor with relevant block diagram. M/J-14(8M)
2. (ii) Explain the feature of closed loop feedback control system..(or) Explain the functional blocks of closed
loop feedback system. A/M-15 (8M)
3. Determine the transfer function Y2(s)/F(s) of the shown fig.N/D -13 (16M)

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4. (i)Write the differential equations governing the mechanical rotational system shown in fig4.1. Draw the
torque-voltage and torque-current electrical analogous circuits and verify by writing mesh and node
equations. M/J -12(16M)

Fig.4.1
4.(ii)Write the differential equations governing the mechanical rotational system shown in fig4.2 and find
Transfer function N/D-16(16M)

Fig.4.2
5. Write the differential equations governing the mechanical system shown in fig. Draw the force-voltage and
force current electrical analogous circuits and verify by writing mesh and node equations.
N/D -14 (16M)

6.(i)Write the differential equations governing the mechanical translational system as shown in Fig6.1. Draw
the Force-Voltage and Force-Current electrical analogous circuits and velocity by mesh and node equations.
N/D-15 (12M)

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Fig.6.1
6.(ii) Write the differential equations governing the mechanical translational system as shown in Fig6.2 and
find the transfer function M/J-16

Fig.6.2
6.(iii)What are the basic elements of mechanical rotational systems and write its torque balance equations.
(or) force balance equations N/D-15, M/J-16 (4M)
7. Write the differential equations of the system shown in the figure. A/M-15, (16M)

8.(i) Draw the force voltage analogy and force current analogy for the mechanical systems shown.
N/D-15 (16M)

8.(ii) M/J-17

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9.(i) Write the torque equation of the rotational system shown below and derive the expression for transfer
function θ1(s)/T(s). M/J-14 (8M)

9. (ii).Determine the overall transfer function of the system represented by the block diagram.
M/J-14 (8M)

R(s) - +
C(s)
- G

10. (i) Give the step by step procedure of determining transfer function using signal flow graph.
M/J-13 (8M)
10. (ii) Find the transfer function of the block diagram shown in Fig (ii) using masons gain formula.
M/J-13 (8M)

R(s) -
C(s)
+ G1 G2 G3

H1
11.(i). Derive the transfer function of the system show in the figure. A/M -15(10M)

11.(ii) State any four block diagram reduction rules N/D-14 (6M)
11.(iii) Write the rules for eliminating negative and positive feedback in block diagram reduction N/D-15
12. The block diagram of a control system is shown in the figure. Determine its transfer function.
M/J-13 (16M)
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13.(i) Using block diagram reduction technique find the closed loop transfer function C/R of the system whose
block diagrams are shown below. M/J-12 (16M)

13.(ii)

N/D-16
13.(iii)

M/J-17
14.Find the transfer function of the system shown in figure using block diagram reduction technique and
signal flow graph. A/M -15 (16M)

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d2 y dy
15. A Certain system is described by the differential equation + 14 + 40 y =5.Find the expression for
dt 2 dt
y(t),assuming initial conditions to be zero. (8M)
16. For the block diagram shown below, find the output C due to R and disturbance D. N/D-12, A/M -11
(16M)

17. Find the transfer function of the system shown in the fig. using block diagram reduction technique and
signal flow graph technique. A/M -15 (16M)

18. (i) Determine the transfer function of the system using Mason’s gain formula and find X2/X1.
N/D-13 (8M)

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18.(ii)Determine the closed loop transfer function of the system whose signal flow graph is shown in figure,
using Mason’s gain formula. M/J-16 (8M)

18.(iii)Determine the closed loop transfer function of the system whose signal flow graph is shown in figure,
N/D-15

19.(i) Determine the closed loop transfer function of the system whose block diagram is shown in figure, using
block diagram reduction technique. M/J-16 (8M)

19. (ii)Use Masons gain formula to obtain C(S)/R(s) of the system shown below by using signal flow graph
technique. N/D -13 (8M)

20.(i) The signal flow graph for a feedback control system is shown in the figure. Determine the closed loop
transfer function C(s)/R(s). N/D-14(8M)

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20. (ii) Consider the mechanical system shown in the fig and write the differential equations describing the
dynamics of the system and also draw the electrical analogy for the system.
M/J-13 (8M)

PART-C
INNOVATIVE QUESTIONS
1. Draw the signal flow graph for the following system and obtain the Transfer function using Mason Gain
formula. M/J-14 (15M)
X2 = A12X1 + A22X2 + A32X3 ;
X3 = A23X2 + A43X4 ;
X4 = A24X2 + A34X3 +A44X4 ;
X5 = A25X2 + A45X4 ;
2.Obtain the transfer function of the following electrical circuit. (15M)

3.In the system shown in the fig below, R, L, C are electric parameters while K, M, B are mechanical parameters.
Find the transfer function X(s)/E1(s) for the system where E1(t) is input voltage while X(t) is the output displacement.
(15M)

4.For the signal flow graph shown

below, find C(s)/R(s) by using Mason’s
gain formula.

(15M)

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5. Derive the transfer function of field controlled DC motor. (15M)

INNOVATIVE ASSIGNMENT
1. Make a study about turntable and draw the open loop model and the block diagram model of turntable speed
control. (Batch-1)
2. Make a study about Insulin delivery control and draw the open loop model and the block diagram model of
Insulin delivery control system (Batch-2)
3. Automatic control of water level using a float level is shown in the figure below. Discuss the operation of the
water clock and establish how the float provides a feedback control that maintains the accuracy of the clock
(Batch-3)

4.Draw the block diagram model of disk drive read system and also derive its transfer function. (Batch-4)
5. Draw the feedback control system model of our national income. (Batch-5)
6. http://nptel.ac.in/courses/108101037/7 Watch the video and explain about the system modeling. (Common
Question)

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UNIT II - TIME RESPONSE ANALYSIS

Time response analysis - First Order Systems - Impulse and Step Response analysis of second order systems - Steady
state errors – P, PI, PD and PID Compensation, Analysis using MATLAB
2 Marks – Answers
Time response analysis
1. Define time response.
2. What is transient response? And give a note on steady state response. N/D -12
3. What is the importance of test signals? Name the test signals used in control system. (Or)State some standard
test signals used in time Domain Analysis. N/D15
4. Define step signal, Ramp signal and show its graphical representation
5. How is a step signal formed in real time applications?
6. What is characteristic equation? Why that name? M/J16
7. Sketch the parabolic signal and show its graphical representation.
8. Find the unit impulse response of a system G(s) = 5s/(s + 2) with zero initial conditions.A/M- 15
Time domain specifications
9. List the various time domain specifications. N/D -14 N/D-16
10.Define rise time. How it is calculated for various types of systems? M/J-14 N/D -11
11. With reference to time response of a control system, define peak time. N/D -12
12. Define peak overshoot and settling time.
13. The damping ratio of the system is 0.6 and the natural frequency of oscillation is 8 rad/sec. Determine the rise
time.
14. The damping ratio of a system is 0.75 and the natural frequency of oscillation is 12 rad/sec. determine the peak
overshoot and the peak time.
15. The damping ratio and natural frequency of oscillation of a second order system is 0.5 and 8 rad/sec
respectively. Calculate the resonant peak and resonant frequency. N/D-11
16. Give a real time example to denote percentage over shoot.
17. The closed loop transfer function of a second order system is given by 400/s 2+2s+400. Determine the
damping ratio and natural frequency of oscillation. M/J-13

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18. Classify the system based on damping.(Or)How a control system is classified depending on the value of
damping? A/M-11, N/D-15
First Order Systems
19. Define pole and Zero of a system with its physical significance.
20. Why is the system commonly tested by using step input?
21. What is order of a system?
22. What is damped frequency of oscillation?
23. How do you find the type of a system? A/M15
24. Determine the type and order of the system with following transfer functions.
s +4 10
(i) (ii) 3 2
( S−2 ) (S+3) S (S +2 S+1)
Impulse and Step Response analysis of second order systems
25. Write the expression of unit step response of 2ndorder system for under damped system?
26. Name the parameter that decides the value of settling time.
Steady state error
27. Define steady state error. (or) What is a steady state error? M/J16,N/D15,N/D-16, M/J-17
28.Why do you require knowledge about Steady State Error?
29. What are type 0 and type 1 system? M/J-14
30. Give the steady state errors to various standard inputs for type 2 systems. M/J -13
31. Distinguish between type and order of system.
32. What are static error constants?
33. What is velocity error constant, positional error constant and acceleration error constant? Write their
units. N/D -13
(s+2)
G(s)H(s) =
34. Determine the error coefficients for the system having s(1+0.5s)(1+0.2s) A/M-10 35. What are
generalized error coefficients?
36. Mention two advantages of generalized error constants over static error coefficients. M/J -12
P, PI, PD and PID Compensation
37. How are controllers classified?
38. What is meant by Controller? Give some example.
39.Give a classic mechanical example of proportional controller.
40.What is Proportional Control (P Controller)? Write its effect on system performance.
41.What is meant by PD controller?
42.Why derivative controller is not used in control systems? M/J -12, A/M 11, 16
43.What is meant by PI controller? Discuss the effect and expression of PI controller on system performance?
(or) What is the effect of PI controller on the system performance? N/D14 N/D13
44.How will you implement an analog PI controller?
45.What is meant by PID controller? Give the effects of PID Controller.
46. Give the Applications of PID Controller.
47.Write a short note about automatic control system.
48.How is a PID controller used in a Temperature Control unit? M/J16
Closed loop control system
49.Write the transfer function of P, PI, PD and PID controllers.
50.List the properties of feedback control controller.
51. How liquid level system is used as a feedback controllers.
52. How ON –OFF controllers are used in electronic appliances?
53.Draw the transfer function model of PID controllers M/J-17
Analysis using MATLAB
54.What is MATLAB?
55. Name the basic plots and graphs of MATLAB.
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56. Write short notes on MATLAB working environment.
20 5
57.The given transfer function areG 1 ( s )= 2 ,G2 ( s )= obtain the following block diagram connection in
( s +3 s +10) ( s+5)
mat lab programming for series and parallel connection.
1
58. The first order system has the transfer function G(s)= for analyzing of the system the input need to apply
( s+1)
are impulse input and step input and check the result using MATLAB software.
C( S) ω n2
59. Consider the closed loop system given by = determine the value of δ and ω n so that the system
R( S) s 2+ 2δ ωn s +ω n2
responds to a step input with approximately 5% overshoot and with a settling time of 2 sec.
10
60. The second order system has the transfer function of under damped second order system G ( s )= 2
¿ for
s + 2 s+10 ¿
step input using MATLAB software.
10
61.The second order system has the transfer function of un damped second order system G ( s )= for step
(s¿¿ 2+10) ¿
input using MATLAB software.

PART-B
1.(i) Derive an expression for the response of under damped second order system for unit
step input. A/M-15 (16)
1(ii)Derive time domain specifications for a second order system subjected to a step input N/D-16 (16)
K
2. The unity feedback system is characterized by an open loop transfer function G(s)= S (S+10)
.Determine the gain K, so the system will have a damping ratio of 0.5 for this value of K. Determine settling
time, peak overshoot and time at peak overshoot for a unit step input. N/D-12,A/M-11, M/J14 (16)

Y (s ) ω n2
2.(ii) Consider a second order model = ; 0<ρ<1, Find the response y(t) to a input of unit
R (s ) s2 +2 ρ ωn s +ω n2
step function. M/J-13
1
2.(iii) A unity feedback system is characterized by the open loop transfer function G(S) = .
s (0.5 s +1)( 0.2 s+1)
Determine the steady state errors for Unit-step, Unit-ramp and Unit-acceleration unit. Also determine the
damping ratio and natural frequency of the dominant roots N/D-13
K
G(s)=
3. The open loop transfer function of unity feedback system is given by s( sT+1) where K and T are
positive constants. By what factor, should the amplifier gain K be reduced, so that the peak overshoot of unit
step response of the system is reduced from 75% to 25%. N/D-10, M/J-12. (16)

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K (2s+1)
1

4.i)A unity feedback system has the forward transfer function G(s)= s(5 s+1)(1+s) . When the input
2

r(t)=1+6t, determine the minimum value of K1 so that the steady error is less than 0.1,N/D-12, (8)
K
18
1+8t+ t 2 G  s H  s = 2 .
2 s  s+1  s+4 
4. ii) Determine K to limit the error of a system for input to 0.8 having
A/M- 10 (8)
5. Derive the expressions to show the effects of P, PI, PD, PID controllers. (or) Discuss the effect of PID
controller in the forward path of the system. (8)N/D-12,10,14, A/M-11,15,16 (16)
6. Derive an expression to find steady state error of a closed loop control system. N/D-11 (16)
7. What are the various standard test signals? Draw the characteristic diagram and obtain
the mathematical representation of all. N/D-14 (8)
8. Calculate the following parameters for the system whose natural frequency of oscillations is 10rad/sec and
damping factor is 0.707
(1) Delay time
(2) Rise time
(3) Peak overshoot
(4) Settling time N/D-14 (8)
9. For the system shown in fig. find the effect of PD controller with T d=1/10 on peak overshoot and settling
time when it is excited by unit step input. A/M-15 (8)

9.(ii) State the effect of PI and PD compensators on system performance N/D-16, (4)
10. A certain unity negative feedback control system has the following forward path transfer function
K  s+2 
G  s =
s  s+5   4s+1
. The input applied is r(t) = 1+3t. Find the minimum value of K so that the steady state
error is less than 1. M/J-12 (16)
100
T  s = 2
nd
11. The closed loop transfer function of a 2 order system is given by s +10s+100 . Determine the
damping ratio, natural frequency of oscillations, rise time, settling time and peak overshoot N/D11(16)
12.(i) Determine the unit step response of the control system shown in the following figure. M/J14 (8)

20
G  s =
s  s+2 
12.(ii) The open loop transfer function of a unity feedback system is given by . The input
function is r(t)=2+3t+t2. Determine generalized error coefficient and steady state error. M/J14 (8)
2
13.(i) Determine the steady state errors for the following inputs 5u(t), 5tu(t), 5t u(t) to a system whose open-
100  s+2   s+6 
G  s =
s  s+3  s+4 
loop transfer function is given by . N/D-14 (8)

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10(s +2)
13.(ii) For a unity feedback control system open loop transfer function is 2 Find
s (s +1)
(a) position, velocity and acceleration error constants
(b) steady state error when R(s) =(3/s)-(2/s2)+(1/3s3) (12) N/D-16
KS
13.(iii).A unity feedback system has the forward transfer function G ( S )= ,for the input r(t)=1+5t,find
(1+ s)2
the minimum value of K so that the steady state error is less than 0.1 (use final value theorem). A/M15
14. (i).Derive the expressions for the following, for a second order, under damped unity feedback system when
excited by a unit step input a)Output response c(t) b)Peak time (tp) c) Rise time (tr)
40
14. (ii)The open loop transfer function of a unity feedback system is given by G(s)= Determine the
S (0.2 s +1)
steady state error using error series approach for the input r(t)=3t+4t2 (8)
14.(iii) Unity feedback system is characterized by open loop transfer function G(s)= K/s(s+10). Determine the
gain K so that the system will have a damping ratio of 0.5 for this value of K. Determine settling time, peak
overshoot and peak time for a unit step input (13) M/J-16, 17
C  t  =-te-t +2e -t , t  0
15.(i).The unit impulse response of a unit feedback control system is given by find the
open loop transfer function. M/J-13 (8)
15. ii) The forward path transfer function of an unity feedback control system is given by
2
G  s =
s  s+3
. Obtain an expression for unit step response of the system. A/M-10 (8)
16. i) The following diagram shows a unity feedback system with derivative control. By using this derivative
control the damping ratio is to be made 0.5. Determine the value of Td.

75
G  s =
16. ii) Consider a unity feedback system with open-loop transfer function,  s+1  s+3  s+8  . Design a
PID controller to satisfy the following specifications:
(i) The steady-state error for unit ramp input should be less than 0.08
(ii) Damping ratio=0.8 and
(iii) Natural frequency of oscillation= 2.5rad/sec.
State the expressions for the transfer function of the PID controller and for the open
loop transfer function of the compensated system. N/D-11 (8)
s+ 4
16.(iii) Determine the type and order of the system with following transfer functions. (a)
(s−2)( s+3)
10
(b) 3 2 N/D-15
s (s +2 s+1)

17. i) For the system shown in figure find the error using dynamic error coefficient method for input
r(t)=5+4t+7t2. A/M-15 (8)

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1
H(s) = 2
17.ii) Consider the transfer function s +10s+10 and simulate the PD, PID and P controllers in a
MATLAB script. (8)
17.(iii) Explain the P.PI,PID compensators using simple MATLAB programs (13) M/J-17
18. Derive an expression for the response of un damped second order system for unit
Step input. Derive an expression for the response of First order system for unit step input. N/D-15 M/J-16
19.(i) Derive an expression for the response of critically damped second order system for
unit step input. (8)
19. (ii) Derive an expression for the response of over damped second order system for unit step input. (8)
20. (i)Derive an expression for rise time and peak time in time domain specifications. N/D-15 (8) 20.(ii)
Briefly discuss about step response analysis of second order system. A/M-15 (8)

PART-C

1.Using Matlab program, find the poles and zeros and gain of the transfer function

2.How PID controller is used in position control system. Explain.
3.Write Matlab program, for P, PI and PID controller. And discuss its effect.
4.For the system shown in figure. find the error using dynamic error coefficient method for 
2
r(t)=5+4t+7t

5.How ON-OFF controllers differ from recent controller? Discuss it with an example.

INNOVATIVE ASSIGNMENT
1. The block diagram for a steering control system for a mobile robot is as shown in the below figure.
Suppose the steering controller G1(s) = K1 + K2/s. Comment the effect of controller on its steady state
error if the input is (i) Ramp (ii) Step (Batch-1)

2. Compare in MATLAB (code) the step responses of the given third order system and its equivalent approximated
6 1.6
second order model. H(S) = 3 2 and L(S) = 2 (Batch-2)
s + 6 s + 11s+ 6 s + 2.584 s +1.6

3. Given a control system model with a second order model of the motor and the load. Find a suitable value of Ka
and plot the step response of the closed loop system in MATLAB. (Batch-3)

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4. Compare step responses of a second order system for various values of zeta (damping ratio) using MATLAB
(Batch-4)
5. Compare impulse responses of a second order system for various values of zeta (damping
ratio) using MATLAB (Batch-5)
6. http://nptel.ac.in/courses/108101037/46 Watch the video and explain about time domain analysis
(Common Question)

UNIT III - FREQUENCY RESPONSE ANALYSIS

Frequency response – Bode plot – Polar plot – Determination of closed loop response from open loop response -
Correlation between frequency domain and time domain specifications- Effect of Lag, lead and lag-lead compensation on
frequency response- Analysis
PART-A
Frequency Response
1. What is meant by frequency response?
2. List few advantages of frequency response.
3. Name the parameters which constitute frequency domain specifications.(or)What are the specifications
used in frequency domain analysis. N/ D-11,N/D-12
4. The damping ratio and natural frequency of oscillation of a second-order system is 0.5 and 8 rad/sec
respectively. Calculate the resonant peak and resonant frequency. M/J-15
5. Write short notes on any four frequency domain specifications.
6. What is resonant peak? Give its expression.
7. Why is frequency response analysis important in control applications? and writes its expression of
resonant frequency. N/D-15
8. List out the techniques used for determining closed loop response from open loop response.
N/D-15
9. Define gain margin& phase margin. M/J-16,N/D-14,M/J-14,N/D-14
10. Write the expression for gain cross over frequency and phase margin of a standard second order system
11. How should a system be protected from unstable conditions?
12. What is meant by corner frequency in frequency response analysis? or what is corner frequency? N/
D-12,A/M-11, M/J-14
13. Define bandwidth of a system.
14. State the limitations of frequency response method.
15. How to improve G.M. and P.M in bode plot?
16. The specification given on a certain 2nd order feedback control system is that the overshoot of the step response
should not exceed 25%.What are the corresponding limiting values of the damping ratio  and peak resonance
Mr?
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17. List the various graphical techniques available for frequency response analysis.
18. Determine the frequency domain specifications of a second order system when closed loop transfer
C( s) 64
function is given by = 2 . A/M-10
R( s) s +10 s+64

Bode Plot
19. What is bode plot and list its advantages
20. Write the MATLAB statement to draw the bode plot of the given system M/J-13
21. Mention few applications of Bode plot. N/D-15
22. What is relative stability?&It’s stability conditions for bode plot. M/J-14
23. Why do we consider only open loop transfer function as G(s)H(s) in a bode plot realization?
24. If the very low frequency asymptote of the magnitude plot of an unity feedback system has a slope of -40
db/decade find which standard input or inputs it can follow without any steady state errors.
25. Why do transportation lag takes place in Bode plot system? Say with an example.
Polar Plot
26. How do you determine the stability from the polar plot?
27. What is Polar plot?
28. Define analytic function and singularities.
29. State mapping theorem.
30. Draw the polar plot for G(s) = 1/ (1+ sT) M/J -12
31. Draw the approximate polar plot for a type 0 second order system. N/D-15
Nyquist Plot
32. State the necessity of Nyquist Plots.
33. What is a Nyquist plot? (Or) Define Nyquist Stability criterion.
Frequency Domain specifications from the plots
34. How is gain margin and phase margin determined from Bode plot?
35. Write about gain adjustment in bode plot.
36. Draw the polar plot of an integral term transfer function. M/J-13
Constant M and N Circles
37. What are constant M and N circles? N/D-13
Nichol’s Chart
38. Write short notes on Nichol’s Chart? N/D-12, M/J-15
Use of Nichol’s Chart in Control System Analysis.
39. State the usage of Nichol’s chart in control system analysis. (or)List the advantages of Nichol’s chart (or)
what are the use of Nichol’s chart (or) What is the significance of Nichol’s plot. A/M-15 N/D-10,N/D-14
M/J-12 N/D-16
Series, Parallel, series-parallel Compensators
40. What is a compensator? What are the different methods of compensation?
41. List the principle types of compensation networks.
42. Write about series compensation& parallel compensation N/D-16
43. List the selection factor for compensation. (Or) what is the basis for the selection of particular
compensation for a system. N/D-15
44. What type of compensator is suitable for high frequency noisy environment?
Lead, Lag, and Lead Lag Compensators
45.Why lag compensator is not used for improving the performance of higher order systems?
46.When is lag lead compensator required? What are the effects of lag-lead compensator?
47. Draw the circuit of lead compensator and draw its pole zero diagram. A/M-11
48. What is the necessity of the compensators? M/J-17
49. Derive the transfer function of a lead compensator network. A/ M-10
50. Mention the need for lead compensation and lag compensation.

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51. What are the uses of lead compensator and lag compensator?
52. Write down the effects of phase lead compensation.
53. What are the characteristics of phase lead network? A/M-15
54. State the property of a lead compensator. N/D-13
55. Mention the effects of phase lag compensation.
56. List the advantages and disadvantages of phase lag network. A/M-15
57. Write short notes on All-Pass systems.
58. What do you mean by minimum phase system?
59. How will you design a lag/lag phase compensator using frequency response?
60. What is the use of M and N circles?&What are constant M&N circles? N/D-15
PART-B
100(1  0.1s )
G(s) 
1.Sketch the Bode plot for the transfer function (1  0.01s )(1  s ) N/D-11 (16M)
Ks 2
G(s) 
2.Sketch the bode plot for the transfer function, (1  0.2 s )(1  0.02 s) . Determine the value of K for the
gain cross over frequency to be 5 rad/sec. M/J-13,16 (16M)
1
G(s)  2
3. The open loop transfer function of a unity feedback system is given by s (1  s )(1  2 s) . Sketch the
polar plot and determine the gain margin and phase margin. N/D-14,M/J-13 (16M)
4. For the following transfer function draw bode plot and obtain gain cross-over frequency & Gain margin,
20
G  s =
s  1+3s   1+4s 
Phase margin. . N/D-13, 15 (16M)
1
G  s =
s  s+1
2

5.(i) Sketch the polar plot of the unity feedback system with open loop transfer function . Also
G  jω  =1
find the frequency at which .M/J-14(16M)
5.(ii) Plot the polar plot for the given transfer function M/J-17 (13M)
6.(i) The open loop transfer function of a unity feedback system is given by  
G s =1/s  1+s   1+2s 
. Sketch the
polar plot and determine the gain margin and phase margin. N/D-14,15 (16M)
1
6.(ii) The open loop transfer function of a unity feedback system is given by . Sketch the polar plot and
s ( 1+ s )2
determine the gain margin and phase margin. N/D-16 (16M)
7. (i)Discuss in detail about lead lag networks. N/D-13 (8M)
7.(ii)Describe about lead ,Lag compensator design procedure. N/D-14 M/J-17
7.(iii) Write down the procedure for designing lag and lead compensator using bode plot N/D-16 M/J-13
8.(i) Explain the use of nichol’s chart to obtain closed loop frequency response from open loop frequency
response of a unity feedback system. N/D-15 (8M)
8.(ii) Describe the correlation between time and frequency domain specifications. (8M)
81
9.(i)The closed loop transfer function of a system G ( s )= 2 calculate the values of resonant frequency
s + 7 s+ 81
resonant peak and band width. N/D-15 (4M)
9.(ii)A unity feedback control system has G(s)=80/s(s+2)(s+20).Draw the Bode Plot. Determine G.M, P.M, and
Comment on the stability (12M)
10.Sketch the polar plot for the system whose open loop transfer function is
10 ( s+2 )( s+ 4)
G(s)H(s) = (16M)
s (s2−3 s+10)
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100
11. Consider a unity feedback open loop transfer function G(S)= Draw the bode plot and
s (1+0.1 s)(1+0.2 s)
find the phase and gain cross over frequencies, phase and gain margin and the stability of the system.M/J-13
12. (i)A unity feedback control systems has G(s) =K/s(s+4)(s+10) .Draw the Bode plot Find K when phase margin
=30 degree. (16M)
12(ii) The open loop transfer function is given by G(S)H(S) = 30/s(1+0.5s)(1+0.08s). Draw bode plot and find
gain margin and phase margin M/J-14
12.(iii)Write down the design procedure for lead compensator using Bode plot in detail. (8M)
13. What are the advantages and disadvantages of frequency response analysis? M/J-14 (16)
14. For the following transfer function draw the bode plot. Find Gain margin &Phase Margin.
5
G(s)H(s)=
s(10+s)(20+s) A/M-15 (16M)
4
15. Construct bode plot for the system whose open loop transfer function is given byG ( s )=
s ( 0.05 s+1 ) (0.08 s+1)
determine (i) the gain margin (ii) the phase margin, and (iii) closed loop system stability. N/D-15 (16M)
16. Describe the procedure for obtaining the polar plot for a system whose open loop transfer function is
4
N/D-15 (16M)
(s+2)( s+ 4)
17. Discuss about M and N circles? And also give the relation in plotting of nyquist plot. N/D-14 (16M)
40
18.Draw the bode magnitude and phase plot for the unity feedback system with G(s) = and hence
s (1+0.1 s)
determine phase margin and gain margin. (16M)
19.List the four frequency domain specifications. M/J-16 (8M)
20. Write short notes on series compensation M/J-16
PART-C
INNOVATIVE QUESTIONS
1.(i)Draw the pole-zero diagram of a lead compensator. Propose lead compensation using electrical network. Derive
the transfer function. Draw the Bode plots. (15M)
1.(ii) Design a lead compensator for the system G(S)= 1/s(s+2) with damping co-efficient equal to 0.45, velocity
error constant>20 and small settling time. A/M-15
10  s+2 
G  s =
s  s+1  s+3
2.Draw the polar plot for the following Transfer function .(15M)
−0.2 s
Ke
3.Given, G(s)= . Find K do that the system is stable with (a) gain margin equal to 2 db, (b) phase margin
s ( s+2 )(s+ 8)
equal to 45°. (15M)
K ( s  3)
G( s) 
4. For the following transfer function, s ( s  1)( s  2) Sketch the Bode plot magnitude
plot by showing slope contributions from each pole and zero. (15M)

5.List the procedure to draw the Bode plot. (15M)

INNOVATIVE ASSIGNMENT
1. Sketch the polar plot of first order RC filter in MATLAB (Batch-1)
2. Sketch the Bode plot of first order RC filter in MATLAB (Batch-2)
3. Design the pre-filter for the closed loop block diagram of a disk drive system shown below (Batch-3)

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1
4. For an engraving machine control system transfer function is T(S) = 3 2 . Draw its bode plot
s + 3 s +2 s+2
and verify it in MATLAB. (BATCH-4)
300( s+ 100)
5. A robot arm joint-control open loop transfer function is G(s) = . Prove that the frequency
s ( s+10 ) (s +40)
equals 28.3 rad/sec when the phase angle of (jω) is -180o. Find the magnitude of G(jω) at that frequency.
Verify the same in MATLAB (Batch-5)
6. http://nptel.ac.in/courses/108101037/41 Watch the video and explain about bode plot. (Common Question)

UNIT IV STABILITY AND COMPENSATOR DESIGN

Characteristics equation – Routh Hurwitz criterion – Nyquist stability criterion- Performance criteria – Lag, lead
and lag-lead networks – Lag/Lead compensator design using bode plots.
PART-A
Stability
1. Define BIBO stability& stability. N/D-14, M/J-11 N/D-16
2. What is meant by relative stability? M/J-14
3. How are the roots of characteristic equation are related to stability?
4. Where does the root lie in the s-plane, with respect to the coefficients of characteristic Polynomial?
5. State any four advantages or features of transfer function.
6. What do you mean by characteristic equation?
7. How can you analyze the stability by the characteristic equation?
8. What is the principle of argument?
9. Howcan you differentiate poles and zeros in a transfer function?
10. What is meant by time invariant system?
11. Write about the properties of Transfer Function.
Routh Hurwitz criterion.
12. Find the range of K for closed loop stable behavior of system with characteristic equation
2 S 4 +12 S 3 +22 S 2+12 S + K using Routh Hurwitz stability criterion.M/J-15
13. Write the necessary and sufficient condition for stability in Routh stability criterion. M/J-13,16
(or)State Routh-Hurwitz stability criterion. M/J-16
14. State any two limitations of Routh-stability criterion. M/J-16,N/D-11/12.
15. What is auxiliary polynomial?
16.DoesRouth-Hurwitz criteria give absolute stability? Justify your answer.
17. The addition of pole will make a system more stable. Justify your answer.
18. In the construction of Routh array, what are the possibilities of rows?
19. What are the advantages of Routh Hurwitz criterion M/J-17
20. Check the stability of the characteristic equation, consider the characteristic polynomial with all positive
coefficients.
21.Where does the Routh stability criterion is implemented?
22. List the applications of characteristic equation.
23.Find the range of K for closed loop stable behavior of system with characteristic equation
4 S 4 +24 S 3+ 44 S2 +24 S+ K using Routh Hurwitz stability criterion. (A/M-15)
Root Locus
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24. What is the need of root locus in control system?
25. List the main properties of root locus?&It’s limitations
26. Mention about the location of roots in S-plane.
27. What is meant by frequency response?
28. What is meant by closed loop frequency response?
29. What is centroid and asymptotes? How will you find the angle of asymptotes and centroid?
30. What is the value of gain K at any given point on Root locus?M/J-15
31. What is Root Locus? M/J-12
32. Define Phase Margin? M/J-14
33. State the rule for obtaining the breakaway point in root locus.M/J-11
34. What is magnitude criterion?
35. What are the difficulties faced while applying Routh- Hurwitz’s criterion?
36. What are dominating poles and zeros?(0r)What is meant by dominating poles?
N/D-14,15N/D-16
37. How to determine breakaway points of a root locus?
38. State the rules for obtaining the breakaway point in root locus?
39. How to find the intersection of root locus with imaginary axis?
40. What is angle criterion?
41. What is asymptotic stability?
K
42. If the characteristic equation of a closed loop system is 1+ =0 , find the centroid of the
s (s +1)( s +2)
asymptotes .
43. What are the applications of root locus method?
44. State the effect of addition of poles on aroot locus and the system.
K
45. The system has loop transfer function G(s) H(s) = .find the location of breakaway point.
s (s +2)(s +3)
46. How Root locus is implemented in MATLAB?
47. In which areas the root locus concepts can be implemented?
Nyquist stability criterion
48. StateNyquist stability criterion.(0r)Define about Nyquist stability criterian. M/J-12,13,N/D-15M/J-17
49. State the advantages of Nyquist stability criterion over that of Routh’scriterion., N/D-12
(or) List any two advantages of Nyquist stability criterion. M/J-16
50. What will happen to the gain margin if the gain of the open loop system is doubled?
51. List the steps to solve problems by Nyquist criterion.
52. Mention the advantages of Nyquist plot.
53. Which concept is used to find the stability in Nyquist criterion?
54. How can you determine the number of poles by using principle of argument?
55. What do you mean by clockwise and anticlockwise encirclement of -1+j0 in Nyquist stability criterion?

56. Which path is called the Nyquist path?

57.State Nyquist stability criterion for a closed loop system when the open loop system is stable. N/D-13
58. Why do we need to know beforehand the number of open loop unstable poles in order to determine stability
from the Nyquist plot?
Lead, Lag, and Lead Lag Compensators
59.Why lag compensator is not used for improving the performance of higher order systems?
60. Draw the circuit of lead compensator and draw its pole zero diagram. A/M-11
61.Derive the transfer function of a lead compensator network. A/M -10
62. Write down the effects of phase lead compensation.
63.What are the characteristics of phase lead network? A/M -15
64.State the property of a lead compensator. N/ D -13
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65.List the advantages and disadvantages of phase lag network. A/ M -15
66. What do you mean by minimum phase system?

PART-B
Routh-Hurwitz Criterion
1. A)Obtain Routh array for the system whose polynomial equation is S 6+2S5+
8S4+12S3+20S2+16S+16=0.Check the stability. M/J-12,N/D-14 (8M)
1. B) By using Routh Criterion, Determine the stability of the system represented by following
characteristic equation. S5+S4 + 2 S3 +2 S 2 +11S +10=0 M/J-14
(8M)
2.A)The open loop transfer function of a unity feedback control system is given by G(S)=
k
By applying Routh criterion discuss the stability of the closed loop system as a
( s+ 2 )( s+ 4 ) ( s2 +6 s+25 ) .
function of k N/D-13
2. B) Determine the range of K for stability of unity feedback system whose open loop transfer function is
K
G(s) = using Routh Stability Criterion. N/D-12 (8M)
S ( S+1 ) ( S+ 2)
2.C) Write detailed notes on relative stability with its roots of s-plane (8) N/D-15
3. A) The open loop transfer function of a unity feedback control system is given by
K K
G(s) = 3 2 G(s) = .by applying The Routh criterion, discuss
(S+2)( S +10 S + 49 S +100) ( S+ 2 )( S+ 4 ) ( S2 +6 S+25 )
the stability of closed loop system as a function of K. A/M-11,N/D-13 (8M)
3.B). Using Routh-Hurwitz criterion determine the stability of the closed loop system that have the
characteristic equation.Check the stability.
M/J-13 N/D-
14 (8M)
3.C) Construct R-H criterion and determine the stability of the system representing the characteristic equation
s5 + s4 + 2 s3 +2 s 2 +3 s +5=0 (8M)
3.D) Determine the range of K for stability of unity feedback system using R-H criterion whose transfer
K
function is 2 (13M) M/J-16
s ( s + s+ 1 ) ( s+ 2 )+ k
Root Locus
4. List the advantages of Routh’s Array method of examining stability of a control system. N/D- 11(6M)
5. (i) State the rules for construction of the Root –locus for a feedback system.A/M-11 (10M)
5.(ii) With neat steps write down the procedure for construction of root locus. Each rule give an example
N/D-16, M/J-17
6.(i) Sketch the root locus for the open loop transfer function of unity feedback control system given
K
below. G(s) = 2 A/M-15 (8M)
[s ( s + 4 s+13 ) ]
K (s+9)
6(ii) G(S)= 2 N/D-15
[s ( s + 4 s+11 ) ]
k (s +3)
6.(iii) Sketch the root locus of the system having G(S)= M/J-13
s (s +1)( s +2)( s+ 4)
7.A certain unity negative feedback control system has the following open loop transfer function G(s) H
K
(s) = 2 . Find the breakaway points and draw Root locus for 0≤ ω≤∞. N/D-
S ( s+2 )( s + 2 S+5)
11(16M)

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8. Draw the root locus plot of a unity feedback system represented by G(s) = K(s+1) / s 2(s+9). For the
positive values of ‘K’. M/J-16 (16M)
9.Draw the approximate Root locus diagram for a closed loop system whose open loop transfer function
K
is given by G(S) = comment on the stability. N/D-12(16M)
S ( S+5 ) (S +10)
k
G (s) H(s) 
10. Determine the root locus of the system whose open loop gain is s (s  4)(s  4s  20)
2

M/.J-14, M/J-15, (16M)

k (s +2)
2
11. Construct the root locus for the function G(s) H(s) = ( s+1 ) and discuss about the stability of the
system.
K (S+6)2
12. A single loop negative feedback system has a loop transfer function G C(s)G(s) = .Sketch the root
S (s 2+ 1)(s+ 4)
locus as a function of K. Find the range of K for which the system is stable,K for which purely imaginary root exist
and find the roots. A/M-15 (16M)
Nyquist plot
K ( 1+0.4 S ) (s +1)
13. Sketch the Nyquist plot for a system with open loop transfer function G(s) H(s) = and
( 1+8 S ) ( s−1)
determine the range of K for which the system is stable. N/D-11/12 (16M)
14. Draw the Nyquist Stability plot for the system whose open loop transfer function is
K
G(s) H(s) = determine the range of K for which the closed loop system is stable.
s (s +2)(s +10)
M/J-12,A/M-11 (16M)
15. A) Define Nyquist stability criterion and explain the different situations in it. N/D-14,
N/D-16,(8M)
15. B) what is frequency response? List the steps used in Nyquist plot Frequency response (8M)
15.C) Describe about Nyquist contour and its various segments M/J-16
16. Sketch the Nyquist plot for a feedback system with open loop transfer function Find the range of k for which
the system is stable.

M/J-15(16M)
17.For the feedback system whose open loop transfer function is,
G(s)H(s) = Ks / s(s+3)(s+5).investigate the stability of the system for various values of ‘K’ using Nyquist
stability criteria. M/J-16 (16M)
18.Draw the Nyquist plot and find the stability of the following open loop transfer function of unity
feedback control system G(s)H(s) = K(s+1) / s2(s+10). If the system is conditionally stable ,find the range
of K for which the system is stable. A/M-15 (16M)
Lag/Lead compensator design using bode plots.
19. Design a lead compensator for the system G(s) = 1 / s(s+2) with damping coefficient equal to 0.45,
velocity error constant > 20 and small setting time. A/M-15 (16M)
K
G  s =
s  s+1  s+2 
20. The open loop transfer function of a unity feedback system is Design a suitable
lag-lead compensator so as to achieve, (a) Static velocity error constant = 10 sec-1.
(b) Phase margin = 500
(c) Gain margin  10dB. A/M-11 (16M)

PART-C
INNOVATIVE QUESTIONS
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G  s =
s  s+1
1.A unity feedback control system has . Design a lead compensator such that the closed loop system
will satisfy the following specifications. Static velocity error constant = 20 sec.
Phase margin = 500
Gain margin  10dB. (15M)
2. Explain in detail the design procedure of lead compensator using Bode plot.(15M)
3.Describe about Lead-lag compensators design procedure. (15M)
4. Describe the Nyquist stability criterion design procedure (15M).
K
5. A).Sketch the root locus of the system whose open loop transfer function is G(s) = .Find the
S (S +2)(S +4)
value of K, So that the damping ratio of the closed loop system is 0.5. (15M)
5.b) Draw the root locus of the system with open loop transfer function and then determine value of K
such that damping ratio of dominant closed loop poles is 0.4.
20
Open loop transfer function = (15) M/J-17
S ( S+1 ) ( S+4 ) +20 ks

INNOVATIVE ASSIGNMENT
1. Given below is the block diagram of remotely controlled battlefield vehicle. Plot Nichol’s chart using
MATLAB code for the following values of ‘k’, k=10, k=20, k=4.44. Also find the best value of ‘k’ (hint: take
D(s)=0) (Batch-1)

2. For the same block diagram (as previous question) of remotely controlled battlefield vehicle. Sketch Nyquist
plot using MATLAB code for the following values of ‘k’, k=10, k=20, k=4.44. Also find the best value of ‘k’
(hint: take D(s)=0) (Batch-2)
3. Plot Nyquist plot and compute Gain margin and phase margin for a closed loop transfer function
0.5
(Batch-3)
s + 2 s2 + s+0.5
3

4. Obtain root locus with in MATLAB and find gain ‘k’ at any stable point for the given the transfer function
k ( s+ 1 ) (s +3)
(Batch-4)
s ( s+2 )( s+3 ) + k (s +1)
1
5. Sketch the root locus in MATLAB for a plant whose transfer function is G(s) = 3 along with a lag
s + 15 s 2+50 s
100 ( s+ 0.1 )
compensator whose transfer function is Gc(s) = . (Batch-5)
( s+ 0.01 )
6. http://nptel.ac.in/courses/108101037/39 Watch the video and explain the Nyquist criteria (common
Question)

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UNIT-V STATE VARIABLE ANALYSIS

State space representation of Continuous Time systems – State equations – Transfer function from State
Variable Representation – Solutions of the state equations - Concepts of Controllability and Observability
–State space representation for Discrete time systems. Sampled Data control systems – Sampling Theorem
– Sampler & Hold – Open loop & Closed loop sampled data systems.
PART – A
Concepts of State Variables and state equations
1. Define state and state variables. May13, Nov-15
2. What is state diagram?
3. State the advantages of state variable analysis. Dec-11
4. Define state equation. Nov13
5. Mention the need for state variables. (Dec-10)
6. Why the state variables of a system might not be measured?
7. How are the state variables selected in electric systems?
8. What is meant by ‘state’ of a dynamic system? Nov15
9. What is state space and input output space?
10. Name the methods of state space representation. (Or)Name the methods of state space representation for
phase variables. (May-11)
11. Mention the advantages of state space analysis.
12. What are the advantages of state space representation? (Or) What are the advantages of state space approach?
May13/11
13. Draw the block diagram representation of state model Ẋ (t)=Ax (t) +Bu (t);
Y (t) =Cx (t) +Du (t)
14. Draw the signal flow graph representation of state model. Ẋ (t)=Ax (t) +Bu (t);
Y (t) =Cx (t) +Du (t)
15. Define state model of nth order system. Nov14
16. Draw the block diagram of the system described by the state model,

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 x1   0 1 0   x1  0 
 x    0 0 1   x   0  u and y  x
 2   2   1

 x3   0 a2 a3   x3  1 

17. Draw the signal flow graph of the system described by the state model.

 x1   a1 a2 0  x1  1 
x    1 0 1   x2   0  u and y  x3
 2 
 x3   0 1 0   x3  0 

d2y dy
2
 10  7y  u  0
18. A system is characterized by the differential equation, dt dt determine its transfer function.
Y (s) 10
 2
19. The transfer function of a system is given by U (s) 4 s  2 s  1 . Determine the differential equation governing
the system.
20. What are the advantages of state space modeling using physical variable?
21. What are the advantages and disadvantage in choosing phase variables for state space modeling?
Solution of state and output equation in controllable canonical form
22. What is Jordan canonical form?
23. What is Jordan matrix?
24. How the state transition matrix eAt computed by canonical transformation?
25.What are the different methods available for computing State transition matrix eAt?
26.What is the Canonical form for state model? Give the advantages of canonical variables.
27.List the main properties of state transition matrix N/D-16
28. What is modal matrix? Or how the modal matrix is determined? May12
29. Write the transformed canonical state model of a system.
30. When modal matrix is called Vander monde matrix?
31. Write the solution of homogeneous state equations.
32. Write the solution of non-homogeneous state equations
33. What is Zero Input Response?
34. What are the properties of state transition matrix? May10, May14
35. Mention the different methods available for computing Ak?
36.How are the Eigen vectors calculated? When the Eigenvalues are distinct?
Concepts of controllability and observability
37. Determine the controllability of the system described by the state equation. May10
38. Define controllability of a system. (Or)Give the concept of controllability. A/M15, Nov13/May-12
39. Define observability of a system. A/M15,(Dec-10, May-11, 12)
40. State the Kalman’s test for controllability and observability.
Y (s) ( s  3)
 2
41. Consider system given by U (s) (s  3s  2) . Obtain state space representation in controllable canonical form.
42. What is the need for controllability and observability test?
43. State the condition for controllability by Gilbert’s method.
44. What are the advantage and the disadvantage in Kalman’s test for controllability?
45. State the duality between controllability and observability.
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46.List the advantages and disadvantages of sampled data control sytems.
47. What is the difference between continuous time signal and discrete time signal?
48. State the advantage and disadvantage of digital control systems.
49. Write the state model of discrete time system. Which are the various matrices involved in it?
50. Define pulse transfer function?
51. A discrete time system is described by the difference equation
y (k  2)  3 y(k  1)  5 y(k)  u(k) .Determine the transfer functions of the system.

Sampled data control systems

52. What is meant by sampled-data control system? (or)
Write about sampled-data control system with block diagram? Nov12
53. What are sampler and hold circuits? Nov14
54. Draw the circuit diagram of sample and hold circuit. May14
55. What is meant by quantization? Nov12, May11, 12
56. What is ‘alias’ in sampling theorem? Nov11
57. What is meant by sampling theorem? Nov10, N/D-16, M/J-17
58. Mention the problems may occur in a practical hold circuit.
59. How sampled data system is applied in speech coding?
60. What are the different methods available for inverse Z-transform?
61. List the advantages of digital controllers.
62. List some advantages of sampled data control systems M/J-17
63. What is Zero order hold circuits? M/J-16
Part B
1. Explain in detail the state space representation for continuous time systems. (Dec-10)(16) (8)
2. Obtain the state space representation of armature controlled D.C motor with load shown below:
d
Choose the armature current ia, the angular displacement of shaft  , and the speed dt as state
variables and  as output variables. (May-12) (16)

3. A) Obtain the state model of the system described by the following transfer function
y ( s) 5
= May14 (8)
U ( s) s3 +6 s+7

3. B) Consider the system with state equation.

Ẋ 1 0 1 0 X1 0

[ ][
Ẋ 2 = 0
Ẋ 3 −6
0
−11 −6 ][ ] [ ]
1 X 2 + 0 u .Check the controllability of the system.
X3 1
4. Determine the controllability and observability of the following system.
Nov13 (8)

Nov12 (16)

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Ẋ 1 0 1 0 X1 0 X1

[ ][
Ẋ 2 = 0 0
Ẋ 3 0 −2 −3 X 3 10
][ ] [ ]
1 X 2 + 0 uY = [ 1 0 0 ] X 2
X3 []
5. Test the controllability and observability of the system whose state space representation is given as
Ẋ 1 0 0 2 X1 0 X1

[ ][
Ẋ 3 0 2 −3 X 3 0 ][ ] [ ]
Ẋ 2 = −2 −3 0 X 2 + 2 u Y = [ 1 0 0 ] X 2
X3[] Y (s )
Nov14 (16)

3
6. A system is characterized by the transfer function = .identify the first state as the output.
U ( s) S3 +5 s2 +11S +6
Determine whether or not the system is completely controllable and observable. May13 (16)
Y (s ) s+ 2
7. a) The transfer function of a control system is given by = 3 2 check the controllability.
U ( s) S +9 S +26 S+24
Apr10
Y (s ) 2
7.b) A system is characterized by transfer function = 3 2 Find the state and output equation in a
U ( s) S +6 S +11 S+6
matrix form and also test the controllability and observability (13) M/J-17
8. A) Find the controllability of the given system. Described by the following equations.May12 (8)
−1 −1 X 1 0
[
Ẋ ] = ][ ]
2 −1 X 2 1
+[ ]u

8. B) Obtain the transfer function model for the following state space system. May14 (8)
0 1 1
A= [ −6 −5 ] []
B=
0
C = [ 1 0 ] D = [ 0]
9. Find the output C (Z) in Z-domain for the closed loop sampled data control system shown below
(16)

 . 
 x1   1 0  x1    0  u
 .  1 1   x2   1 
x
10. A linear time invariant system is characterized by the state equation  2  Where u is a unit step
 
1
0 
function. Compute the solution of these equations assuming initial condition X =   . Use inverse Laplace transform technique.
0
(16)

11.a) State the properties of state transition matrix. Nov15

11.b) Consider the system by X=Ax+Bu;Y=Cx

0 1 0 1
Where A=

Nov15
[ 0 0
−6 −11 −6 ] []
1 ; B= 0 ;C=[ 10 5 1 ] check the controllability and observability of the system.
1

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  

 X 1   1 0   X 1   1 u (t)
   1 1   X 2  1
X
12. Obtain the time response of the following system.  2  Where u(t) is the unit step occurring
at t=0 and XT(0)=[1 0] . (Dec-11)(16)
13. Obtain the state model of the mechanical system shown in the figure below by choosing a minimum of three state
variables. (16)

13.b) Construct the state model for the given electrical system

(13) M/J-17
14.a) Obtain the state equation and output equation of a system described by the differential equation
d2 y dy
2
+5 +4 y=u M/J16(8)
dt dt

14.b) A control system represented in state space form has the following data

0 1 0 0

[
= 0 0
0 −2 −3 ] []
1 ; B= 0 ;C=[ 3 4 1 ]
0
examine its observability. M/J16(8)

15.( i)Obtain the state model of the system whose transfer function is given as,

15(ii) Draw the state model of a linear single input single output system and obtain its corresponding equations.
(4) N/D-15
16. Write the state equations for the system shown below in which X 1, X2 and X3 constitute the state vector.
Determine whether the system is completely controllable and observable. (May-11) (16)

16.b) Check the controllability of the system by kalman’s test whose state model is given as

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Ẋ 1 0 1 0 X1 0 X1

[ ][ ][ ] [ ]
Ẋ 2 = −2 −3 0 X 2 + 2 u Y = [ 1 0 0 ] X 2
Ẋ 3 −0 2 −3 X 3 0 X3 [] (8) N/D-16

17.a) Obtain the state transition matrix for the state model whose system matrix A is given by A= [ 10 01]
May14(8)
17.b)A discrete time system is described by the difference equation y(k+2) +5y(k+1) +6(yk) = u(k) Y(0)-y(1) =0
and T=1 sec, determine (i) state transition matrix (ii) state model in canonical form N/D-16
17.c) Check the controllability of the following state space system x 1=x˙ 1+u 2
x˙2=x 3 ; x˙3=−2 x 2−3 x 3+ u1+ u2 May14(8)
18. Find the transfer function for the system which is represented in state space representation as follows.
(N/D’12, A/M’11) (16)
 . 
 x1   2 1 0   x1   0 
 .  
 x2    0 3 1   x2    0  u
 .   3 4 5  x3   1 
 x3  
 
 x1 
y   0 1 0  x2 
 x3 

19.(A) Obtain the state model for the system which is described by y (k+2)+5y(k+1)+6y(k)=u(k).Nov1419. (B)
State and explain sampling theorem. Nov14 (6)
19.(c)With the neat block diagram explain the sampled data control system and state its advantages.
M/J-16
20.(i) Consider a system with state-space model given below
Ẋ 1 0 1 0 X1 0 X1

[ ][
Ẋ 2 = 0
Ẋ 3 −1
A/M15(8)
0
−5 −1 ][ ] [ ]
1 X2 + 5 u
X 3 −24 X3 []
Y = [ 1 0 0 ] X 2 verify the system is observable and controllable.

20.(ii) Explain the functional modules of closed loop sampled data system and compare its performance with
open loop sampled data system.
20.(iii) Write a detailed note on sampler and hold circuit (8) N/D-16
21.(i) Construct a state model for a system characterized by the differential equation,
d3 y d2 y dy
3
+6 2
+ 11 +6 y +u=0
dt dt dt Nov15,A/M15(16)
21.(ii) Give the block diagram representation of the state model. (or) Consider the following system with differential
equation given by
ÿ +6 ẏ +11 ẏ +6 y=6u. Obtain the state model in diagonal canonical form.

PART C
1. Solve for y (t) for the following system represented in state space, where u(t) is the unit step. Use the Laplace
transforms approach. (16)
 4 1 0  0 
X   0 5 1  X  0  u(t )
 
.

 0 0 2 1 
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0
Y   1 1 0 X ; X (0)  0 
0 
2. Determine the canonical state model of the system using partial fraction expansion method, whose transfer function
is

T(s) = . (16)
0 1
 
3. The system matrix A of a discrete time system is given by A=  2 3
Compute the state transition matrix Ak using the Cayley-Hamilton theorem. Nov13(16)

4. Determine the state controllability and observability of the system described by

 3 1 1 0 1
0 0 1 
X   1 0 1 X   0 0  u
  y 
 0 0 1  2 1  1 1 0 
(16)

5. For the system represented by state equation X(t)= AX(t) . The response is

X(t) = ¿ when X(0) = ¿ and X(t) = ¿ when X(0)= ¿. Determine the system matrix A and state transition matrix
(15) M/J-17
INNOVATIVE ASSIGNMENT

2 s 2 +8 s +6
1. Convert G(s)= to a state space representation using MATLAB. (Batch-1)
s 3+ 8 s 2+ 16 s+ 6
2. The state variable differential equation for a RLC circuit is as follows

−1
Ẋ =
[ ]
0
1 −R
L
C X +¿

L
and output equation is y= [0 R] x. Substitute R=3, L=1, C=1/2. Initial conditions are x1(0) =

x2(0) = 1 and input u(t) = 0. Find state transition matrix at t=0.2 sec using MATLAB (Batch-2)
3. Consider the satellite in a circular, equatorial orbit at an altitude of 250 nautical miles above the earth. The
satellite motion is described by the normalized state variable model as below. Compute the controllability of the
0 1 00 0 0

[
satellite. Ẋ =
2
3ω 0 0
0 0 01
0 −2 ω 0 0
0
] [] []
X +
1
0
0
ur +
0
0
1
ut

Take ω = 0.0011rad/sec (Batch-3)

Y ( z ) 0.3678 z+ 0.2644
4. Using MATLAB compute step response of the sampled data = 2 (Batch-4)
R ( z) z −z +0.6322

5. Using MATLAB convert the given transfer function into discrete time system with a sampling period of T=1
sec. Gp (s) = 1/s(s+1) (Batch-5)
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6. http://nptel.ac.in/courses/108101037/47 Watch the video and explain about state variable equations
(Common Question)

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