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Overview of Matrix Types and Operations

Matrices can be rectangular arrays of elements arranged in rows and columns. The order of a matrix is denoted as m x n, where there are m rows and n columns. Some types of matrices include row matrices, column matrices, zero matrices, square matrices, diagonal matrices, scalar matrices, and identity matrices. Matrices can be added, multiplied, and operated on with scalars. The transpose of a matrix is obtained by interchanging its rows and columns. Examples demonstrate computing sums, differences, and products of matrices as well as finding inverses and transposes.

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177 views10 pages

Overview of Matrix Types and Operations

Matrices can be rectangular arrays of elements arranged in rows and columns. The order of a matrix is denoted as m x n, where there are m rows and n columns. Some types of matrices include row matrices, column matrices, zero matrices, square matrices, diagonal matrices, scalar matrices, and identity matrices. Matrices can be added, multiplied, and operated on with scalars. The transpose of a matrix is obtained by interchanging its rows and columns. Examples demonstrate computing sums, differences, and products of matrices as well as finding inverses and transposes.

Uploaded by

Jaf Shah
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

Matrices

Matrix - A matrix (plural matrices) is a rectangular array of rows and columns of elements. The
elements may be number or things. Matrices are usually denoted by capital letters. The following
are some examples of matrices.

The Order of Matrix

A matrix having m rows and n columns is called a matrix of order m X n (read as “m by n”)

Types of matrices

i. Row matrix - A matrix with only one row and any number of columns is called row
matrix. For example, [3, 0, 1] is a row matrix of order 1 X 3 and [2] is a row matrix of
order 1 X 1.
ii. Column matrix - A matrix with only one column and any number of rows is called a

column matrix for example, is a column matrix of order 3 X 1 and [2] is a column
matrix of order 1 X 1.
Here we see that [2] is both a row matrix as well as a column matrix.
iii. Zero matrix - A matrix with all zero element is called a zero matrix or null matrix.

iv. Square matrix - A matrix with same number of rows and columns is called a square
matrix.

v. Diagonal matrix - A square matrix having elements in main diagonal only and the other

element are zero.


vi. Scalar matrix - A square matrix whose all diagonal elements are equal and non diagonal

elements are zero.


vii. Identity matrix - A square matrix whose non - diagonal elements are zero and diagonal

elements are 1.

Equality of matrices: - Two matrices are said to be equal if they are of same order and their

corresponding elements are equal.

then a = 1, b = 3, c = 6, d = 2, e = 4, f = 5.

Multiple of a matrix by a scalar : - When a matrix is multiplied by a scalar then all the
elements of the matrix are multiple by the same scalar. For example if

Also,

i. K (A + B) = KA + KB
ii. (K + K’) A = KA + K’ A

Addition of two matrices : - Two or more matrices of same order can be added. For example

i. A+B=B+A
ii. A + (B + C) = (A + B) + C

Multiplication of matrices : - The product of matrices A and B exists if order of A is m X n and


order of B is n X p. Then order of the product AB is m X p.
i.
ii. If AB = 0 A = O or B = O or both A and B are zero
iii. If AB = AC, where then it is not necessary that B = C.
iv. A(BC) = (AB)C
v. If A and I have same order then A I = IA = A
vi. Let A be a matrix and B be a null matrix of the same order as A then AB = BA = O.

Transpose of Matrix : - The matrix obtained by interchanging the rows and column of a matrix
is called the transpose of the matrix.

then transpose of A denoted by

Example - 1.

Solution :

Example - 2.
Solution :

Example - 3.

Solution :

Examples - 4.

Solution :
Example - 5.

Solution :

Example - 6.

Solution :
Exercise - 11

Q. 1. Find the value of :

Q. 2. Find A satisfying

Q. 3.

Find

i. A+B
ii. A-B
iii. AB
iv. A2
v. B2

Q. 4. Evaluate
Q. 5. Evaluate

Q. 6.

Where M is a matrix

1. State the order of the matrix M


2. Find the matrix M

Q. 7.

Q. 8. Solve the matrix equation :

Q. 9.

Q. 10.

Compute A (B + C) and (B + C) A.

Q. 11.

find the value of x if A2 = B


Q. 12.

find the matrix B - C.

Q. 13.

find the value of a , b and c.

Q. 14. ,

find M + 2N

Q. 15.

find A2 - A + BC

Q. 16.

Compute (AB) C and (CB) A. Is (AB) C = (CB) A.

Q. 17.

Q. 18.

Q. 19.

Verify whether (A - B)2 = A2 - 2AB + B2.

Q. 20.
find each of the following and state if they are equal.

(i) CA + B (ii) A + CB

Q. 21.

find the matrix C(B - A)

Q. 22.

i. Write down the product Matrix AB


ii. Would it be possible to form the product BA.

Q. 23. Find X2 x 2 matrix which satisfies the equation

Q. 24.

Where I as a unit matrix of order 2 X 2.

Answers

1. 2.

3. 4.
6.
5.

7. -1 8.

9. 10.

11. 12 12.

13. a = 4, b = -2, c = -3 14.

15. 16.
17. x = 2, y = 1 18. x = 3, y = -10

19. No. 20.

21. 22.

23. 24.
s

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