1 September 2011

FOSFA HEATING INSTRUCTIONS IN RESPECT OF BULK SHIPMENT

1. Shippers shall ensure that the temperature of the oil during delivery into the tank(s) of a
ship is that at which the oil is usually handled and where heat is applied that the
temperature in no case exceeds that given in the appropriate table.

2. Master shall supply to cargo receivers a statement showing the cargo temperature at
loading and a chart on which the daily temperatures after loading have been recorded.
The chart shall be signed by the Master or authorised officer.

3. Shippers shall supply the following instructions with regard to heating of oil during the
voyage:

3.1 Ship's tanks fitted with heating coils

3.1.1 On completion of loading, ship's coils shall be completely covered with oil.

3.1.2 Heating shall be effected by hot water or, where this is impracticable, by low pressure
saturated steam. Pressures shall not exceed 1.5 bar gauge.

3.1.3 During the voyage the oil shall be maintained in accordance with the temperatures set
out in the Heating Recommendations.

3.1.4 In sufficient time prior to arrival at port of discharge, heat shall be applied gradually to
ensure that the temperature of the oil at time of discharge is in accordance with the
temperatures set out in the Heating Recommendations. The cargo shall be maintained
within this range of temperatures throughout the discharge.

3.1.5 In order to avoid any damage to the quality of the oil, it is essential that heat is applied
gradually. A sudden increase in temperature must be avoided as it will almost certainly
result in damage to the oil.

3.1.6 The increase in temperature of the oil during any period of 24 hours shall never exceed
5°C.

3.1.7 As far as practicable, top and bottom temperatures shall be maintained at equal levels;
the difference between these two temperatures shall never exceed 5°C.

3.1.8 The temperatures referred to above are the average of top, middle and bottom readings.
The top reading shall be taken at about 30 cm (one foot) below the surface of the oil.
The bottom readings shall be taken:

a. In tanks which have bottom coils at 30 cm (one foot) above the level of the coils;

b. In tanks which have side coils but no bottom coils, at a point about two feet (60
cm) from the bottom of the tank and about 30 cm (one foot) from the side coils.

3.1.9 The temperatures indicated in 3.1.4 above are applicable under normal conditions ruling
at port of discharge. In the event of abnormal conditions (such as extremely low air or
water temperatures), receivers, either directly or through their appointed representatives,
may vary the temperatures stated and instruct shipowners or their agents accordingly.
Details of any such variations shall be duly recorded and advised to shippers or their
representatives. If there is more than one receiver of the oil ex one ship's tank:

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 a. All receivers from that tank should be in agreement to the proposed variations in
the temperatures stated in 3.1.4 above;

b. Shipper's representatives at port of discharge shall endeavour to reconcile

All instructions under paragraph 3.1 are applicable except for 3.1.1 and in 3.1.8; the
bottom temperature should be taken 30 cm (one foot) above tank bottom.

3.3 Bulk oils not normally requiring heating during the voyage

If it is envisaged that the temperature of the oil at the time of discharge will be below the
minimum figure indicated in the schedule, the oil must be heated at not more than 5°C
per 24 hours until the required discharge temperature is reached.

3.4 Bulk oils shipped in tanks by vessels whose voyages by sea or inland waterway
do not exceed 5 days

The oil must be loaded at a temperature which will enable the discharge temperature to
be reached by raising the temperature of the oil by not more than 5°C per 24 hours.

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FOSFA Heating Instructions – 1 September 2011
 1 September 2011
FOSFA HEATING RECOMMENDATIONS

TEMPERATURES TEMPERATURES
DURING VOYAGE AT DISCHARGE SEE
NOTE
OIL TYPE MIN (°°C) MAX (°°C) MIN (°°C) MAX (°°C)
Castor Oil 20 25 30 35
Coconut Acid Oil 27 32 40 45
Coconut Oil 27 32 40 45
Cottonseed Oil Ambient 20 25 2
Fish Acid Oil 20 25 35 40
Fish Oil 20 25 25 30
Grapeseed Oil Ambient 15 20 2
Grease 37 42 50 55
Groundnut Oil Ambient 20 25 2
Hydrogenated Oils Various Various 3
Illipe Butter 37 42 50 55
Fatty Acid Methyl Esters (FAME) from
Ambient Ambient 2
Maize/Rapeseed/Soyabean/Sunflower
Fatty Acid Methyl Esters (FAME) from
25 30 30 40
Coconut/Palm/Palm Kernel/Tallow
Lard 38 45 50 55
Linseed Oil Ambient 15 20 2
Maize (Corn) Oil Ambient 15 20 2
Maize/Soya/Sun Acid Oil 30 35 45 55
Mixed Soft Rape Acid Oil 20 25 30 35
Oiticica Oil 24 32 35 40
Olive Oil Ambient 15 20 2
Palm Acid Oil 45 50 55 72
Palm Fatty Acid Distillate 45 50 55 72
Palm Kernel Acid Oil 27 32 40 45
Palm Kernel Fatty Acid Distillate 27 32 35 45
Palm Kernel Oil 27 32 40 45
Palm Kernel Olein 25 30 30 35
Palm Kernel Stearin 32 38 40 45
Palm Oil 32 40 50 55
Palm Olein 25 30 30 35
Palm Stearin 45 50 60 70 4
Rapeseed Oil (HEAR Type) Ambient 15 20 2
Rapeseed Oil (LEAR Type or Canola) Ambient 15 20 2
Safflower Oil Ambient 15 20 2
Sesame Oil Ambient 15 20 2
Sheanut Butter 37 42 50 55
Soyabean Oil Ambient 20 25 2
Sunflowerseed Oil Ambient 15 20 2
Tallow (for voyages of 10 days or less) Ambient 55 65 2
Tallow 44 49 55 65
Notes as over page
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1. The maximum temperature specified during the voyage is lower than the minimum
required for discharge, in some cases by as much as 15°C. Bearing in mind the
stipulation contained in paragraph 3.1.6, it should be recognised that in some cases
ships officers will need to apply heat a few days prior to arrival in order to reach the
appropriate discharge temperature.

2. It is recognised that in some cases the ambient temperatures may exceed the
recommended maximum figures shown in the Heating Recommendations.

3. Hydrogenated oils can vary considerably in their slip melting points, which should
always be declared. It is recommended that during the voyage, the temperature should
be maintained at around the declared melting point and that this should be increased
prior to discharge to give a temperature of between 10°C and 15°C above that point to
effect a clean discharge.

4. Different grades of palm stearin may have wide variations in their slip melting points
and the temperatures quoted may need to be adjusted to suit specific circumstances.

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FOSFA Heating Recommendations – 1 September 2011