Vehicular and pedestrian volume studies
14-hour classified turning movement count
Pedestrian crossing warrant: >150 pedestrians, >500 vehicles
Topographic and road inventory surveys of the existing area
80-100 meters from the intersection, if local road
150-200 meters from the intersection, if national road
Crash data
Basic Passenger Car Equivalent Factors (PCEF)
Passenger Car = 1.0
Jeepneys = 1.50
Bus = 2.00
Trucks/Trailers = 2.50
Methodology
Comparative analysis between
existing and alternative schemes at
baseline and projected year
Analysis
Roadway segment analysis
Intersection capacity analysis
Network performance analysis
LOS v/c ratio
Selection of the number of
lanes is determined by the A < 0.20
design volume and level of
service (LOS) at which the B 0.21 – 0.50
road is expected/desired to
operate.
C 0.51 – 0.70
Level of Service (LOS) is
qualitatively determined by D 0.71 – 0.85
the v/c ratio (volume to
capacity ratio).
E 0.85 – 1.00
Service volume is the
design volume F > 1.00
corresponding to a desired
LOS. Source: DPWH Highway Planning Manual
LOS Description Flow Condition
A Free flow
B Reasonably free flow
C Stable flow
Approaching unstable
D
flow
E Unstable flow
Forced or breakdown
F
flow
Directional Design Hourly Volume (DDHV)
Used for multi-lane highways
𝑫𝑫𝑯𝑽 = 𝑨𝑨𝑫𝑻 × 𝑲 × 𝑫
Design Hourly Volume (DHV)
Used for 2-lane or 3-lane, 2-way highways
𝑫𝑯𝑽 = 𝑨𝑨𝑫𝑻 × 𝑲
Where
AADT = Average annual daily traffic, veh/hr
K = proportion of daily traffic occurring during the peak hour,
expressed as a decimal (7% to 15%)
D = proportion of the peak traffic traveling in the peak direction
No. Vehicle Type PCEF
1 Motor tricycle 2.50
2 Passenger car 1.00
3-5 Passenger and goods utility and small bus 1.50
6 Large bus 2.00
7 Rigid truck, 2 axles 2.00
8 Rigid truck, 3 axles 2.50
9 Truck semi-trailer, 3 and 4 axles 2.50
10 Truck semi-trailer, 5+ axles 2.50
11 Truck trailer, 4 axles 2.50
12 Truck trailer, 5+ axles 2.50
Source: DPWH Highway Planning Manual
Daang Maharlika (2 lanes)
Lane width = 3.50 meters
AADT Composition
Cars = 7,500
Buses = 650
Trucks = 720
Motor tricycles = 3,800
K = 9%, D = 70%
Determine the LOS of this road section of Daang
Maharlika.
v is the design volume while c is the basic road
capacity
v = [(7,500)(1.0) + (650)(2.0) + (720)(2.50) +
(3,800)(2.50)] x 0.09 = 1,809 pcu/hour
From the first table, 2-lane, 2-way highway, capacity c
= 2,400 pcu/hour
v/c = 1,809/2,400 = 0.75
LOS = D
Suppose that due to the development, an increase of
675 pcu/hr is expected to pass along Daang Maharlika,
Determine the VCR and LOS of the road section.
Two-Way Stop Control
Minor traffic shall stop before the intersection.
Major traffic is priority.
All-Way Stop Control
All directions shall give way.
Traffic Signalization
Separation of movements thru time
Roundabout
Grade separation
Separation of movements thru space
Flow Ratio
𝐃𝐞𝐬𝐢𝐠𝐧 𝐓𝐫𝐚𝐟𝐟𝐢𝐜 𝑭𝒍𝒐𝒘𝒊
𝑭𝑹𝒊 =
𝐒𝐚𝐭𝐮𝐫𝐚𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧 𝐅𝐥𝐨𝐰 𝑹𝒂𝒕𝒆𝒊
Demand intensity in any lane group
A flow ratio > 1.0 indicates traffic demand exceeding capacity,
therefore, traffic flow cannot be handled properly.
Saturation flow is typically assumed to be 1,900 passenger cars per
hour per lane. Mathematically
1,950
𝑠𝑖 = × lane widthi
3.00
SAMPLE PROBLEM
Determine the Degree of
2,850
Saturation of the intersection
given the following vehicular
volumes per leg in pcu.
Assume saturation flow rate to
be 1,900 pc/hr/lane.
2nd AVENUE 1,650
1,050
1st AVENUE
2,550
0.73
2nd AVENUE 0.42
0.27
𝐷𝑒𝑔𝑟𝑒𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑠𝑎𝑡𝑢𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 = 0.42 + 0.73
1st AVENUE
0.65
𝐃𝐞𝐠𝐫𝐞𝐞 𝐨𝐟 𝐬𝐚𝐭𝐮𝐫𝐚𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧 = 𝟏. 𝟏𝟓
SAMPLE PROBLEM
Determine the Degree of
Saturation of the intersection
given the following vehicular
2,850
volumes per leg in pcu.
Consider the increase of traffic
demand due to the proposed
shopping center. Assume
saturation flow rate to be 1,900
pc/hr/lane.
2nd AVENUE 1,650 570
1,050
1st AVENUE
2,550
270
SAMPLE PROBLEM
Determine the Flow-ration of
the Northbound Leg of the
intersection given the following
turning volumes in pcu.
Assume saturation flow rate to
be 1,900 pc/hr/lane.
2nd AVENUE 650
1,350
1st AVENUE
250
2nd AVENUE
1st AVENUE
1.05
0.13
SAMPLE PROBLEM
Determine the Flow-ration of
the Northbound Leg of the
intersection given the following
turning volumes in
pcu.Consider the increae of
traffic due to the development
Assume saturation flow rate to
be 1,900 pc/hr/lane.
2nd AVENUE 350 650
1,350
1st AVENUE
250
LOS Intersection Delay
A ≤ 10 sec
B 10-20 sec
C 20-35 sec
D 35-55 sec
E 55-80 sec
F ≥ 80 sec
*Chapter 16 Signalized Intersections, Highway Capacity Manual 2000
