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CHAPTER 3- REVIEW OF THEORIES RELATED TO THE LEARNERS’ DEVELOPMENT
Who said what?
___________1. “The teacher must orient his work not on yesterday’s development in the child but on
tomorrow’s.”
___________2. “Healthy children will not fear life if their elders have integrity enough not to fear
death.”
___________3. “Right action tends to defined in terms of general individual rights and standards that
have been critically examined and agreed upon by the whole society.”
___________4. “The principal goal of education in the schools should be creating men and women who
are capable of doing new things, not simply repeating what other generations have
done.”
___________5. “ The mind is like an iceberg, it floats with one-seventh of its bulk above water.”
___________6. “ We as nation need to be reeducated about the necessary and sufficient conditions for
making human beings human. We need to be reeducated not as parents- but as
workers, neighbors, and friends; and as members of the organizations, committees,
boards- and, especially, the informal networks that control our social institutions and
thereby determine the conditions of life for our families and their children.”
a. Sigmund Freud
b. Urie Bronfenbrenner
c. Jean Piaget
d. Lev Vygotsky
e. Lawrence Kohlberg
f. Erik Erikson
g. Robert Havighurst
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Challenge your stock knowledge! After answering the short exercise above, write what you remember
most about the ideas of the following theorist. Focus on what you think are their most important ideas
about the development of learners.
Sigmund
Freud________________________________________________________________________________
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Erik Erikson
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Jean Piaget
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Lawrence Kohlberg
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Lev Vygotsky
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Urie Bronfenbrenner
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Freud’s Components of the Personality
Review the three components and write important concepts about them in the space provided.
ID EGO SUPEREGO
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Freud’s Psychosexual Stages of Development
Write the descriptions, erogenous zone and fixation of each of the stages below.
Oral Stage
Anal Stage
Phallic Stage
Latency Stage
Genital Stage
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Erikson’s Psychosocial Stages of Development
Review the psychosocial stages and fill out the matrix below.
Stage Crisis Significant Maladaptation Malignancy Virtues
Person (include ( include ( include
descriptions) descriptions) descriptions)
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Piaget’s Cognitive Stages of Development
Sensory Motor Stage: Age Range:
Characteristics:
Key Teaching Strategies:
Sensory Motor Stage: Age Range:
Characteristics:
Key Teaching Strategies:
Sensory Motor Stage: Age Range:
Characteristics:
Key Teaching Strategies:
Sensory Motor Stage: Age Range:
Characteristics:
Key Teaching Strategies:
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Kohlberg’s Moral Stages of Development
Review the moral stages and identify and describe each using the graphic organizer below.
Stage 1
Stage 2
Stage 3
Stage 4
Stage 5
Stage 6
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Vygotsky’s Socio-cultural Theory
Define or describe the words below.
More Knowledgeable Zone of Proximal Scaffolding
Other Development (ZPD)
(MKO)
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Interpret Vygotsky’s views about the teaching and learning process by drawing a diagram showing the
relationships of MKO, ZPD and scaffolding.
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Bronfenbrenner’s Bio-Ecological Theory
Describe each of the systems in the theory.
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Describe what parents and teachers should do to help children develop into the persons that they are
meant to be from the point of view of:
1. Freud
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2. Erikson
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3. Piaget
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4. Kohlberg
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5. Vygostky
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6. Bronfenbrenner
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