Formula Writing 5.

Iodine I

2-
Valence number - combining capacity of an element 1. Oxide O

2. Sulfide S
VALENCE OF COMMMON ELEMENTS & 3-
RADICALS
1. Arsenide As

2. Nitride N
I. ELEMENTS OF FIXED POSITIVE VALENCE
3. Phosphide P
1+
4-
1. Hydrogen H
1. Carbide C
2. Lithium Li

3. Potassium K
Group IA = +1
4. Silver Ag
IIA = +2
5. Sodium Na
IIIA = +3
2+
IVA = +4
1. Barium Ba
V = -1
2. Cadmium Cd
VI = -2
3. Calcium Ca
VIIA = -3
4. Magnesium Mg

5. Radium Ra

6. Strontium Sr

7. Zinc Zn

3+

1. Aluminum Al

2. Boron B III. ELEMENTS OF VARIABLE VALENCE

4+ 1. Antimony (III) Sb3+
1. Carbon C 2. Antimony (V) Sb5+
2. Silicon Si 3. Arsenic (III) As3+

4. Arsenic (V) As5+

II. ELEMENTS OF FIXED NEGATIVE VALENCE
5. Bismuth (III) Bi3+
-1 6. Bismuth (V) Bi5+
1. Bromide Br
7. Chromium (II) Cr2+
2. Chloride Cl
8. Chromium (III) Cr3+
3. Fluoride F
9. Cobalt (II) Co2+
4. Hydride H
10. Cobalt (III) Co3+
11. Copper (I) Cu1+ 3rd rule : Write the element with positive number first
before the negative
12. Copper (II) Cu2+
Sn+4 , O-2 = Sn2O4
13. Gold (I) Au1+
= SnO2
14. Gold (III) Au3+

15. Iron (II) Fe2+

4th rule : Divide the subscript if it’s divisible
3+
16. Iron (III) Fe
Al+3 , O-2 = AL2O3
17. Lead (II) Pb2+
18. Lead (IV) Pb4+
NOTE:
19. Manganese (II) Mn2+
1. The suffix ous denotes for the lowest
20. Manganese (IV) Mn4+ oxidation/varianve state
21. Mercury (I) Hg1+ 2. The suffix ic denotes for the highest
oxidation/variance state
22. Mercury (II) Hg2+
Ex.
23. Nickel (II) Ni2+
Sn2+ = Stannous
24. Nickel (III) Ni3+
Sn4+ = Stannic
3+
25. Nitrogen (III) N
Fe2+ = Ferrous
26. Nitrogen (V) N5+
Fe3+ = Ferric
3+
27. Phosphorus (III) P
Sb3+ = Stibiumous
28. Phosphorus (V) P5+
Sb5+ = Stibiumic
2+
29. Platinum (II) Pt
Au1+ = Aurous
4+
30. Platinum (IV) Pt
Au3+ = Auric
2+
31. Tin (II) Sn
Pb2+ = Plumbous
4+
32. Tin (IV) Sn
PB4+ = Plumbic
N3+ = Nitrous
Variable Valence Number
N5+ = Nitric
4+ +2
Sn , Sn
Fe+2 , Fe+3
Radicals - group of atoms that act as a single atom.

1st rule : “Criss Cross”

IV. COMMON RADICALS AND THEIR VALENCE
+1 -1
Na Cl = Na1Cl1 NUMBERS
= NaCl
1+
2nd rule : Cancel if there’s the same subscript 1. Ammonium NH4
Mg+2 , O-2 = Mg2O2 1-
= MgO 1. Accetate C2H3O2
2. Aluminate Al(OH)4 6. Molybdate MoO4

3. Bicarbonate HCO3 7. Oxalate C2O4

4. Bismuthate BiO3 8. Peroxide O4

5. Bisulfate HSO4 9. Phosphite HPO3

6. Bisulfite HSO3 10. Silicate SiO3

7. Bromate BrO3 11. Sulfate SO4

8. Bromite BrO2 12. Sulfite SO3

9. Chlorate ClO3 13. Stannate SnO3

10. Chlorate ClO2 14. Stannite SnO2

11. Cyanate CNO 15. Tetraborate B4O7

12. Cyanite CN 16. Tetrathionate S4O6

13. Dihydrogenphosphate H2PO4 17. Thiosulfate S2O3

14. Hydrogensulfate HSO4 18. Zincate Zn(OH)

15. Hydroxide OH 3-
16. Hypobromite BrO 1. Antimonate SbO4

17. Hypochlorite ClO 2. Antimonite SbO3

18. Hypophosphite H2PO2 3. Arsenate AsO4

19. Iodate IO3 4. Arsenite AsO3

20. Iodite IO2 5. Borate BO3

21. Metaborate BO2 6. Ferricyanide Fe(CN)6

22. Metaphosphate PO3 7. Phosphate PO4

23. Metarsenate AsO2 8. Phosphite PO3

24. Nitrate N2 4-

25. Nitrite N3 1. Ferrocyanide Fe(CN)6

26. Perchlorate ClO4 2. Pyroarsenate As2O7

27. Periodate IO4 3. Pyrophosphate P2O7

28. Permanganate MnO4 4. Orthosilicate SiO4

29. Thiocyanate SCN

2-

1. Carbonate CO3 I- O2- OH- SO2-2 PO3-3

2. Chromate CrO4 K+ KI K2O KOH K2SO2 K3PO3

3. Dichromate Cr2O7 Li+ LiI Li2O LiOH Li2SO2 Li3PO3

4. Manganate MnO4 Ca2 CaI2 Cao Ca(OH CaSO2 Ca3(P

)2 O3)2
5. Metasilicate SiO3
Al3+ AlI3 Al2O3 Al(OH) Al2(SO AlPO3
 3 2)3  Metal + non metal

NH4+ NH4I (NH4)2 NH4O (NH4)2 (NH4)3 a) Metals w/ fixed valence number
O H SO2 PO3
b) Metals w/ variable number
= will be read using
* Classical Method
1. Binary Compound
* Stock system (RNM)Roman Numeral Method
2. Binary acids
 Nonmetal + non metal
3. Ternary Acids
4. Salts
A. BINARY COMPOUNDS CONTAINING METAL
AND A NON METAL
- The metal is always written first, in both the name
and the formula

(a) Metals with Fixed Oxidation Numbers

- the metals with fixed oxidation numbers are
the IA & IIA metlas plus Al, Zn and Ag
Examples : NaCL - Sodium chloride
Na2Br - Sodium sulfide
AgBr - Silver bromide
Al2O3 - Aluminum oxide
CaH2 - Calcium hydride
Mg3N2 - Magnesium nitride
(b) Metals with Variable Oxidation Numbers
- Except for IA, IIA metlas , Al, Zn & Ag all
metals have variable oxidation numbers.

(i) Classical System : an -ic ending is used on

the name of the metal for the highest oxidation and
NOMENCLATURE OF INORGANIC an -ous ending is used for the lowest. (Latin Name)
COMPOUNDS
Example : CuCl2 - Cupric chloride
FeO - Ferrous oxide
I. BINARY COMPOUNDS
SnF4 - Stannic fluoride
All binary compounds take an -ide ending on
the last element named. The element with the SnBr2 - Stannous bromide
highest electronegativity is written and named PbS - Plumbous sulfide
last.
HgO - Mercuric oxide
(ii) Stock System or Roman Numeral System
BINARY COMPOUNDS (English Name)
 - the actual oxidation number of the is indicated
by a Roman numeral in parentheses immediately
H4+ compounds - Ammonium
following the name of the metal.
OH- compounds - hydroxide
Example : CuCl2 - Copper (II) chloride
CN- compounds - Cyanide
SnF2 - Tin (IV) fluoride
Fe2O3 - Iron (III) oxide
NH4Cl = Ammonium chloride
SnF4 - Tin (IV) fluoride
(NH4)2S = Ammonium sulfide
SnBr2 - Tin (II) bromide
PbS - Lead (II) sulfide
NaOH = Sodium hydroxide
HgO - Mercury (II) oxide
Fe(OH)2 = Ferrous hydroxide
KCN = Potassium cyanide
Sn(CN)2 = Stannous cyanide
B. BINARY COMPOUNDS CONTAINING TWO
NONMETALS

II. BINARY ACIDS

Greek prefixes are used: mono - 1 -Substances that produce H+ ion in solution are
acids.
di - 2 hexa - 6
Exaomples: Hbr - Hydrobromic acid
tri - 3 hepta -7
H2S - Hydrosulfuric acid
tetra - 4 octa - 8
HCN - Hydrocyanic acid
penta - 5 nona - 9
HCl - Hydrochloric acid
deca - 10
HI - Hydroiodic acid
NOTE: Mono- prefix is not used with the first
element HF - Hydrofluoric acid
Examples : CO - Carbon Monoxide Exception : HCN - Hydrocyanic acid
CO2 - Carbon Dioxide
N2O3 - Dinitrogen trioxide
PBr5 - Phosphorus pentebromide
P2O5 - Diphosphorus pentoxide
CCl4 - Carbon tetrachloride
Compounds Named Like Binary Compounds
There are few other compounds that take an
-ide ending, like binary compounds. These include
the following;
1. Ammonium (NH4+) compounds - example:
(NH4)2S - Ammonium sulfide
2. Cyanides (CN-) - example: Fe(CN)2 - Iron (II) III. TERNARY ACIDS
cyanide or Ferrous cyanide
Examples: HClO - Hypochlorous acid
3. Hydroxides (OH-) example: NaOH - Sodium
hydroxide HClO2 - Chlorous acid
 HClO3 - Chloric acid
HClO4 - perchloric acid
H2SO4 - Sulfuric acid
HNO3 - Nitric acid
H2CO3 - Carbonic acid
H3PO3 - Phosphorous acid

2nd element - characteristic element

If -ate replace with ic Sulf + ide

If -ite replace with ous Sulfur + ic

IV SALTS
Examples: Na2SO3 - Sodium sulfite
FeSO4 - Ferrous sulfate / Iron (II) sulfate
Ca(NO2)2 - Calcium nitrite
NH4NO3 - Ammonium nitrite
Al2(CO3)3 - Aluminum carbonate
Mg3(PO3)2 - Manganese phosphite
Sn3(PO4)2 - Stannous phosphate
KClO - Potassium perchlorate

Exercise : Name the ff compounds.

1. N2O - Dinitrogen tetraoxide

2. CaBr2 - Calcium bromide
3. SnS2 - Tin (II) sulfide
4. CuCo3 - Copper (I) Carbonate
5. PCl3 - Phosphorus trichloride
6. BaCrO4 - Barium Chromate
7. Cr(OH)3 - Chromium (III) hydroxide
8. H2SO3 - Hydrogen sulfite
9. HBrO3 - Hydrogen bromate
10. AgNO2 - Silver nitrite