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Contemporary Topics 3 Unit7.8.10

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661 views18 pages

Contemporary Topics 3 Unit7.8.10

topics

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王锐寒
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© © All Rights Reserved
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Artificial Intelligence: The Turning Point CONNECT to the topic ‘The computer revolution, digital technology, and new meterials heve given hums A THINK ABOUT IT Aca clas. ist four new technol ‘Then list a reason to fear each. rechnclogy < © PAIR WORK with aporin dis one of the teineoges mentned. Think of various Soon ninae eacigy litres e Waa Pout pee rr by eran Peer ey o i Cu tedasoeuiued pene pri —— Fi Pane ct beeen) eerernt BUILD your vocabulary @© A LISTEN The boldfaced words are from the unit lecture on artificial intelligahee Listen 10 each sentence. Then guess the meaning of the boldfaced word. Work with a partner. 1 The ecientifc procece of developing en intelligent roboti extrenilly complex, involving interrelated falda of rvoerch and in-depth tov performed od@ite Sard periods of time. 2 The output ofa single industrial robot is equivalent to that of fie human beings, raking tie robor «highly efficient option. 2 Science fetion movies haveled many people worry abot the possible implications cof robote with real intelligence. In particular, they/éee them ae a possible threat to bumankand’s very exictence. 4 Unlike rcbota, which are designed toféllow aQertain logic, human beingsdo not always ‘behave rationally. This can make their behavior difficult to undaretand and predict ‘5 Instead of calmly end intellecnually ecltnowladging both the good and bad pointe of Al, some people bacome very reactionaly. 66 Today's generation cefifeelimuch more confident in producto thet are manufactured using artificial intelligence bacatse thece producte ere much more reliable 7 Some find atapts Wreplicate intelligence and awareness in robots offensive ‘They believe ive mrong'to reproduce these human charscterietc: in machines, 4 One iniportanthhuman quality that carrent robote lacie self awareness. They have ‘nodal pd Sin only understand and behave according to how they have been programmed. '9 Wheti people ove governments developing sophisticated weapons, i's eaay to underetand (Why they become skeptical sbout claime thet new technologies will be used solely for the geod of humankind 410 Although I suppor: Al, 1am compassionate person and greatly sympathize with workers who looe their jobe to robots B TRY IT choose the best definition for each boldfaced word. 1 complex, 2 equivalent to 1 complicsted a more than b numerous b lecethan ¢ otraightforward the came ae Arifciat Inteuigance: Te TeringPoint 62 3 implications 7 replicate 2 considerations a plesse 1 consequences 1 reproduce threats predict 4 behaverationally 8 self awareness a resconably, 1a the ability to think sbout yourself b efficiently 1 the ability to make money for youreel ‘c predictably the ability to make others notice you 3 reactionary 19 skepucal a emotional a certain b negative 1 worried cc unressonsble reluctant to believe 6 rehable 10 sympathized with 1 dependable 1a thought about Beimple 1B Selecerry for cc expensive remembered © PAIR WORK Cover Group A as your partner reads sentences 1-3. Ustenand whtathe ‘missing words in Group @. Your partner corrects your answers. Switch oles for4-6. GROUPA 11 Sci-t movies often appeal to thove with an interest in futarel@hnol@gy. 2 Workers often dislike the boredom and monotony of forking ths production line in @ factory for many houre,day after day. {3 The distinction between ideas in theory and iddde inpractice is an important one. 4 Profecoor Mancini’s own recearch, which indlidee developing ‘emart security guards" {for office buildings, i oriented toward aftscialinteligence. ‘9 The Research Center io intersoted inthe explafation of new ideas that can. benefit hamenking. (6 People's concerne sbout articial intelligence are at odds with their daily uoe of intelligent technology. croura 1 Sci-S movies oft appeah 29 thooe wich an interestin fucure technology. 2 Workers ofteMieL Die boredom and monotouy working on the production line in afactory for many houre, day efter day. 3 Thedistinetion, {dees in theory and idase in practice isan importantone. ‘4 Brofgetdt Mantini's own recearch, which includes developing ‘smart security guards” for (offcebuldinge, ic oriented ___ artificial intelligence 5 The Recearch Center io interested in the exploration __new idesethatcan_ hhensfit hamankind gunn FOCUS your attention <<< Organization ood notes are well-orgenized notes. + They shout bo arranged neatly and logical. + Tiny shoul ge you an ta-alnoe “Pcie ofthe srctre ofthe ctr. 4 + They should enable you to recall he content ofthe lecture at ltr dat. ~*~ One affective way of organizing your notes ie to write the main ideas on the left side of your page ‘and the more detailed, supporting ideas on the right side. There may be a number of differdst levels of detail, 0 as your notes move to the right, the level of detail increases. Your notés might ook something like thie: CG boi (@)AGTRY IT Listen to an excerpt of a speaker discussing people's misconceptions about artificial Inteligence. Take notes. Try to organize your notes from left to right. based on the main ideas ‘and details you hear. B PAIR WORK Compare notes with a partner. Can you improve your notes? Ati Inteigence: The Tung Pomt J 68 WATCH the lecture A THINK ABOUT IT You are about to watch the unitlecture on artifical intelligence (AI). With a partner, come up with an example ‘of a form of Al that you would welcome in your daily life, and two @ © B LISTEN FOR MAIN IDEAS Goose your book. Watch the lecture and take notes. (© CHECK YOUR UNDERSTANDING Use your notes. Decide ifthe statements are T (true) or F (flee), based on the lacture. Correct any falge statements. 1 Ie mainly scientists, sociologists, philosophers, andledonomists who feel atrongly sbout artificial intelligence. —— 2? The introduction of robots into manufactiting was controversial. The reason was ‘because it wae expensive. 5 Strong forms of artificial intlligends have a kind of real intelligence and are closer to ‘human beings than weak forms 4 “Technological singularity" that moment when scientists succeed in creating a truly intelligent robot) y _— 5 Antifcilineelligence is already providing solutions to global problems. — 5 S8phisticated AI robots are likely to be more rational than emotional, @© © DGLISTEN FOR DETAILS close your book. Watch the lecture again. Add details to your ‘ates and correct any mistakes. «pow | CHECK YOUR UNDERSTANDING Use your netoz. Choose the bé#tancwaribared on the lecture. ‘ 1 overtime, people tendo ewrtechnallgiee. 2 ascepe ) become more swpciouS@h @xject 2 Moct weak Al ystems periorm a 2 two orthres take b a single task « houssheld asks 3 Thelecturer mentions several sci-fi sims to ge eof 3 awenlsform of Al bs oxongiorm « clssiemoves 4 Some people believe that rabots will hve ura Teveleofneligence in Tocris bogs « 10%050 > two examples of global probleme that Al might address are « pollution and famine b pollutionan¢ climete change ¢ famine end climate change 6 Al robots’ lack of emoriotlimésnsthet they won'tbe able to with humane a fallin lop "b cooperate sympathize 7 Yeople may Begin W@a________sf robot tke over many of their rol. 2 feel uodiene accept Al cralax £8 Some believe thet creating inelizens robots is morally wrengbecause it (> fests withmother nature” Bb leavespeople without jobs _¢ threstens hamankind’s existence Atieatntignce: Te Tang ft 6 Big Brother and the Surveillance Society CONNECT to the topic Civil ibertiee groupe argue that in most modern-day cociatiee che lives of: ‘private in the way they once were. These groups are concemed that politic ‘organizations now have eccece to detailed information abeat ue, ranging’ + ny ciminals eed to fer pole + Yoo much city Oe rune aioe il erties pert Gavin Swencon. Then complete the statement, conversation. aa — 2 Many concerned because they feel that surveillance their right Agency’: euthority o spy on Americans in quite. tional Security Agency harveste 40billion _________ each month. government aleo gethere informetionon 6 An example of phone call metadata may inclade the __________of the parties, the_____ofthe call, and the _______ofconverestion. O rc bag Meg is being monitored? What is your opinion about government surveilance? What is your view about individual privacy? Share vour ideas with the class. apo Po toed 1m this unt, you wil: eee ry careless! . exiarenty eet peat eee ee ee ca rrr Peete tery Pte eee eter i ree pet eee ee ey BUILD your vocabulary @ A LISTEN the boldfaced words are from the unit lecture on surveillance. Liste and complete ‘the definitions 1 civil lberties: Civil liberties are the. ‘people have in society. nga Se 2 commercial: Commercial means having to do with. 3 composite: Composite mesne________Vupof or materiale 4 controversial: Something that ie controvereial calee of. 5 deterrent: A deterrentic away @£__2 _____people from something! 6 security: Security rafal to BD ________ taken by agencies to 7 sophintigptedt con ping Peophisticated, i. 28 suepected: Somebody who is euspected is tabe for doing something. 9 techpiques: Techniques are particular or ways. of_____ something 40 via: Via means bye ‘way of—for example, “She flew from Prague to New Vork via London” |B TRY IT Study the words and definitions with a partner, and then test your partner. EXAMPLE A: What are techniques? B: Techniques are ways of doing something. Brother andthe Surveitance Socaty J 73 © PAIR WORK Cover Column A as your partner reads sentences 1-5. Listen and write the ‘missing words in Column B. Your partner corrects your answers. Switch roles for 6-10. coun A, 11 An important aspect of police workie the collecting of criminal evidence, 5 Security cameras protect us from threats to society. 6 We frequently give organizations access to our personal details. 7 Some feel that being closely monitored ie ‘the equivalent of being in prison. @ Tighter security male itlec likely that ‘welllbe exposed to violence in public places. 9 Security cameras have bedome part of ‘normal everyday city life 10 Many of up arelunawat@ of Being tracked bby cecurity camera Buns cowMN e 1 An important aspect _____police works the collecting of criminal evidence. 2 Criminals are carefully monitored —___ police. 3 The boy wae suspected ___ theft. 4 Criminals take advantage new technology to commit cophictigared crimes. 5 Security cameras protect us from threats society. (6 We fregitinaly give organizations access _—__curpersonsl detaile. 7 smalfeel that being closely monitored ie the equivalent being in prison. 4 Tighter eecurity makee it lees likely that we'll ‘be exposed, ‘violence in public places, 9 Security camerae have become part____ normal everyday city life. 10 Many of uo are unaware ___being tracked ‘by oacurity cameras, FOCUS your attention Numbers and Statistics “Whether you are studying humanities, cocil eciences, or physical eciencee, you will often work swith numbers and atatictice. + Listen carefully for otresoed cpilablee, since many numbers cound similar buthave different ‘sree patterns. + leo, listen for number group markers euch as haméred, thousand, and milion. + Finally, note that the word and can come before the tene unite, although many speakere don’t exampies 12-tniten; 20 thirty 34.832 iry-four thousand, opt hundred h-t4o < 256,275 two hundred -thousand, te hundred soeny-0 1095609 gnaen milion, try-tve thousands hunded etn 282 to nna (and) sty 0s | © A TRY IT seen toan excerpt from a tlk about surveillance cameratin New York City. Note many statistics as you Can. BEPAIR WORK Compare notes with a partner. Big other andthe SuvetianceSacey |S WATCH the lecture A THINK ABOUT IT You are about to watch the unit lecture on the increasing use of surveillance systems in the world. List four ‘ways that information about people can be obtained az they go ‘about their day-to-day activities. eras LISTEN FOR MAIN IDEAS Close your book. Watch the lecture and take notes, © CHECK YOUR UNDERSTANDING Use your notes. Complete the mainjideas) based on the lecture, 200 invasion saedittard organizations drones suspected facil characteristice watching ‘government 1 Surveillance i the act oferefilly__________a person or place, especially, one that 2 Givil liberties gr@upe aF@eoncéfhied about the information on individuals that the and private —_____can get from different sources) ‘2 Most pedplle think curveillance mechanisme are a(n) oftheir privacy, ‘4.JnBritain, closed-circuit TV cameras record each citizen up to ‘eames cay, yScme__trancactione ean provide information sbout where we are ‘end what we are epending 6 Biometric facial recognition measures 7 Considered by come to be extravagant toys, are another kind ofeophisticated ourveillance technology. me pons © © D LISTEN FOR DETAILS Close your béok. Wetth the lecture again. Add details to your notes and corract any mistakes. CHECK YOUR UNDERSTANDING xe yur ots Once the statment are TE) SHennd Rico Coles oo eee 1 Givil liberties grdups cofipletely support all uses of surveillance. _— 2 Societisa hers Beople’ate monitored a lot are called intrusion cultures — 3 Te@pumber of surveillance cameras in New York City hes increased 15 percent in the pact few years. A 8 iomersc facial recognition has been uoed in airports and hospitala 25 ‘the portable “trackers” the lecturer mentions extracts data from people's computers, A 6 People are free to use drones ao and when they ike —— 7 EFICis probably a civil iberties group. _— @ The lecturer generally appeare to eupport the use of surveillance mechaniame. Big Brother andthe SuvetianceSocely 77 CONNECT to the topic ) Money-erery human society uses it And every modern society need itin order a ge ng Hae Pad by chnoge eget Fallen abe al cattle, chickens, gold, coins, banknotes credit cards, open source money, many forme that money hee taken. Andnow, forthe fist time in human h o throughout the world ie not physical itis digital information thet peed cables. While the future forme that money will take are herd to predict, one thing ie fo A THINK ABOUT IT Whatis your attitude toward this survey. Check () your responses and think of reasons or examples to support compare with a partner. erreemeerrernenm reo gunn ea 1 I preferto use cash rather than 2 credit «+ Having lot of money isa good: in + Money is necessary if we want to hel le + {need money to make my {information remains undisclosed with digital transactions. rent computer codes are used vben sending and receiving digital money. '5 The fees for digital transactions are igh. © PAIR WORK Many of our financial transactions do not involve the use of physical money. Do you use physical money or digital money more often? When and where do you use these ‘two types of money? Which do you prefer and why? Discuss with a partner. seg unio Poe tnd practice marhing your ots after he fact [een aren reneanatey cy rn pear) eee ener Piers fee ee) pene rr Peete BUILD your vocabulary @) A LISTEN The boldfaced words are from the unit lecture on money. Listen to/each sentence. Then choose the meaning of the boldfaced word. 1 Large cities began to form in Europe ae people abandoned farmulittand Begen other Kindo of werk. They voluntarily moved to urban are a unable te do something ' cropped doing comething eee eter dee een 2 Money wacoriginally a concrete objact, like gold, bur aa become incressingly abstract. Boe nis ree Gfriny tre a gael gle a eeparate from physical relities higher quality < valuable 2 Many of the imprescive developriiente we oss in modern civilization are due to the Sota teesy (ore ae Rectal Soper a s large city with many businesses a country with a large population ¢ s eocictyin an advfiited Mie of development 4 There are currentlvmany e7pee of currency in the world; yen, pacos, dollars, and euree are just a fos a socks > preciouemetale < apy ‘When money wae invented it provided enormous advantages over previous ways of condctingtrade, The differences were huge ‘a very gradual completely unexpected Je ctenctty Terge 16 The wealth of rich childrenie uoually tied toheredity. Their money often comes from their parents, fa when a parent encourages a childto workhard when a parent pesos on physical possessions to «child Sieber pees Shiny Sepented things or The BvottonofHeney p98 7 When people believe that hard work will be rewarded, individual initiative incresces dramatically. readiness to take action feclings of tirecnese «the desire to hesame wealthy, 8 The value of money is not subjective; the value of one dollar in New York is the came as ‘the value of one dollar in California. 9 Financial transactions involving trillions of dollare take place daily. n the etock market, for erample, people exchange sharee in hundreds of countries, fa imeractions between oellere and buyere ’ profite and lovese ‘c putting money into a bank 110 Money hae undergone tremendous change over the pact several thousand year noi looks very different from the way it once did. 1a caused or crested experienced or gone through influenced negetively B PAIR WORK witha partner, reorder the words to make caplet sentences. Notice the bofeced words Then take tums saying the sentenee> Review amy words you don't ‘understand. 1 (eole/ positive /pleyed/ money has / a /in) KONE of people's ves, 2 Money both physical and digital f/ t/t fa /stage/eveluton). 2 (currency /im/ Auctuations/vales) affeteveryene. 4 Papermoney (objects /valusble/ apmbolie/ f/ is) ouch a old. 5 Money (a /of/ 2 / business / facieatoe has ected). 6 Attaining wealth was ou6@lthet/ to / exclusively /hereity / ied). 7 Money slowed entreciviizations|from / away /t0/ move agriculce {8 Modern fotine dfimoney éllow people (with /to/ enother / business / one/ out/ carry) no ‘matter where they live. ‘9 Money.bas Been Ii (the / societies / of / modern / development / tc). pore FOCUS your attention Notations ‘Taking good notes is one of the firet stepe to understandings lecture or presentation. However, it js aleo important to think about the idese in the notes. One way of thinking about your notes ie to mark them during or afterthe lecture. omMONtY USED MARKING TEOAMQUES 4 + Undo impor ‘tree sarah en marin enptze fu moat tpord 5-10 pbs a con. eee el eee oon Sees paresis eee a Sees ¢ ste tev tn else ni eed ornate enefPa Re ae iia ,. Ce ree a + Businesses gradually developed — f “

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