POWER SEMICONDUCTOR DRIVES

Subject Code : EE701PC

Regulations : R16 - JNTUH

Class : IV Year [Link] EEE I Semester

Department of Electrical and Electronics and Engineering

BHARAT INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY
Ibrahimpatnam - 501 510, Hyderabad.
 POWER SEMICONDUCTOR DRIVES (EE701PC)

COURSE PLANNER

Course Title Power Semiconductor Drives (PSD)

Course Code EE701PC
Class [Link]. IV Year I Semester EEE
Regulations JNTUH - R16
Lecture Tutorials Practica Credit
Course Structure s4 /Bridge
1 ls- 4s
Course Coordinator Dr. M. MADHIARASAN, Assistant Professor
Team of Instructors Dr. M. MADHIARASAN,
Assistant Professor
Mr. RAHUL KUMAR, Assistant
I. COURSE OVERVIEW: Professor
Power Semiconductor Drives is a course that deals with single phase and three
phase converter based DC motor control, Chopper based control of DC motors, DC
Drives four quadrant operation, Induction motor various control methods with respect
to stator voltage, stator frequency and rotor side control, synchronous motor control
methods. This course subject is an extension of power electronics applications to AC
and DC drives give knowledge about power semiconductor drives and motor control.
This course provides

 An understanding of power semiconductor drives operations, modes, characteristics.

 An understanding How to control machines using power semiconductor drives.
 An understanding to differentiate the classical and newly developed control methods.
 An understanding motoring and braking operation.
 An idea to design a motor control system.
 An knowledge to choose an appropriate control method for various applications.

II. PREREQUISITE(S):

Level Credits Periods/ Prerequisites

Week
1. Power Electronics
UG 4 5 2. Electrical Machines.
3. Basic of Engineering Mathematics
4. Fundamental of Electrical Circuits.

III. COURSE OBJECTIVES:

At the end of the course, the students will be able to:
 Understand and analysis the operation and performance of DC Drives.
 Understand and analysis the operation and performance of AC Drives
  Familiarize the various power semiconductor drives employing for various motor.
 Understand various control techniques used in the control of the machines.

IV. COURSE OUTCOMES:

After completing this course the student must demonstrate the knowledge and ability to:
Knowledge
S. No. Course Outcomes (CO) Level
(Blooms
Acquire knowledge and understanding various drive system
CO1 L2:
Level)
mechanisms, operating modes, characteristic. UNDERSTAND
Analyze various drives and identify the merits, demerits and the
CO2 difference between AC and DC drives. L4: ANALYZE
Apply power converters knowledge for control of different drives.
CO3 L3: APPLY
Apply drives Knowledge for control of advanced electrical
CO4 L3: APPLY
machines and energy conservation.
Engage independent learning to evaluate the motor and power L5:
CO5 EVALUATE
converter for a specific application

V. HOW PROGRAM OUTCOMES ARE ASSESSED:

Program Outcomes (POs) Leve Proficiency

l Assessed
PO1 Engineering Knowledge: Apply the knowledge of by
mathematics, science, engineering fundamentals, 3 Assignments
and an engineering specialization to the solution / Test
of complex engineering problems.
PO2 Problem Analysis: Identify, formulate, review
research literature, and analyze complex 2.4 Assignments
engineering problems reaching substantiated /Test
conclusions using first principles of mathematics,
PO3 natural sciences, and engineering
Design/Development Analysis: sciences.
Design solutions
for complex engineering problems and design
2
system components or processes that meet the Open ended
specified needs with appropriate consideration for experiments
the public health and safety, and the cultural, /Project
PO4 societal, and
Conduct environmentalofconsiderations.
Investigations Complex Problems:
Use research-based knowledge and research 2 Open ended
methods including design of experiments, analysis experiments
and interpretation of data, and synthesis of the /Project
information to provide valid conclusions.
 PO5 Modern Tool Usage: Create, select, and apply
appropriate techniques, resources, and modern 1.67
engineering and IT tools including prediction and Mini &
modeling to complex engineering activities with an Major
PO6 understanding
The Engineerof the andlimitations.
Society: Apply reasoning Project
informed by the contextual knowledge to assess 1
societal, health, safety, legal and cultural issues and Mini &
the consequent responsibilities relevant to the Major
PO7 professional engineering
Environment practice. Understand the
and Sustainability: Project
impact of the professional engineering solutions in Mini &
1
societal and environmental contexts, and Major
demonstrate the knowledge of, and need for Project
sustainable development.
PO8 Ethics: Apply ethical principles and commit to
1.5
professional ethics and responsibilities and norms Mini &
of the engineering practice. Major
PO9 Individual and Team Work: Function effectively Project
as an individual, and as a member or leader in 1 Mini &
diverse teams, and in multidisciplinary settings. Major
PO10 Communication: Communicate effectively on Project
complex engineering activities with the engineering
1
community and with society at large, such as, being Seminars /
able to comprehend and write effective reports and Term Paper
design documentation, make effective
PO11 presentations,
Project and give
Management and receive
and Finance: clear
Demonstrate
instructions.
knowledge and understanding of the engineering -
and management principles and apply these to --
one’s own work, as a member and leader in a team,
PO12 to manage
Life-long projects Recognize
Learning: and in themultidisciplinary
need for, and
environments.
have the preparation and ability to engage in 1.5 Competitive
independent and life-long learning in the broadest Examinations/
context of technological change. Research

1: Slight (Low) 2: Moderate (Medium) 3: Substantial

(High) - : None

VI. HOW PROGRAM SPECIFIC OUTCOMES ARE ASSESSED:

Program Specific Outcomes Level Proficiency

(PSOs) assessed by
PSO1 Talented to analyze, design, and
implement electrical & electronics Lectures,
2.4 Assignments,
systems and deal with the rapid pace of
industrial innovations and developments. Mini Projects/
Experiments.
 PSO2 Skillful to use application and control Participate
1 techniques for research and advanced events, seminars
2
: studies in Electrical & Electronics & symposiums
Engineering domain. Mini Projects
S / Experiments
light (Lo1: Slight(low) 2: Moderate (Medium)3: Substantial (High)
- : None

VII. SYLLABUS:

UNIT- I: Control of DC motors by single phase and three phase converters: Introduction to
Thyristor controlled Drives, Single Phase semi and Fully controlled converters connected to D.C
separately excited and D.C series motors – continuous current operation – output voltage and
current waveforms – Speed and Torque expressions – Speed – Torque Characteristics- Problems
on Converter fed D.C motors.

Three phase semi and fully controlled converters connected to D.C separately excited and D.C
series motors – output voltage and current waveforms – Speed and Torque expressions –speed
– Torque characteristics – Problems.

UNIT- II: Four quadrant operation of DC drives: Introduction to Four quadrant operation –
Motoring operations, Electric Braking – Plugging, Dynamic, and Regenerative Braking
operations. Four quadrant operation of D.C motors by single phase and three phase dual
converters – Closed loop operation of DC motor (Block Diagram Only).

Control of DC Motors by Choppers: Single quadrant, Two quadrant and four quadrant chopper
fed dc separately excited and series motors – Continuous current operation – Output voltage
and current wave forms – Speed and torque expressions – speed-torque characteristics –
Problems on Chopper fed D.C Motors – Closed Loop operation ( Block Diagram Only).

UNIT- III: Control of Induction Motor Through Stator Voltage And Stator Frequency: Variable
voltage characteristics-Control of Induction Motor by Ac Voltage Controllers – Waveforms –
speed torque characteristics.

Variable frequency characteristics-Variable frequency control of induction motor by Voltage

source and current source inverter and cyclo converters- PWM control – Comparison of VSI and
CSI operations – Speed torque characteristics – numerical problems on induction motor drives –
Closed loop operation of induction motor drives (Block Diagram Only).
UNIT- IV: Rotor Side Control of Induction Motor: Static rotor resistance control – Slip power
recovery – Static Scherbius drive – Static Kramer Drive – their performance and speed torque
characteristics – advantages, applications, problems.

UNIT- V: Control of Synchronous Motors: Separate control and self control of synchronous
motors – Operation of self controlled synchronous motors by VSI, CSI and cyclo converters. Load
commutated CSI fed Synchronous Motor – Operation – Waveforms – speed torque
characteristics – Applications – Advantages and Numerical Problems – Closed Loop control
operation of synchronous motor drives (Block Diagram Only), variable frequency control - Cyclo
converter, PWM based VSI & CSI.

TEXT BOOKS:

 “G K Dubey”, Fundamentals of Electric Drives, CRC Press, 2002.

 “Vedam Subramanyam”, Thyristor Control of Electric drives, Tata McGraw Hill Publications,
1987.

REFERENCE BOOKS:
nd
 “S K Pillai”, A First course on Electrical Drives, New Age International (P) Ltd. 2 Edition. 1989.
 “P. C. Sen”, Thyristor DC Drives, Wiley-Blackwell, 1981.
 “B. K. Bose”, Modern Power Electronics, and AC Drives, Pearson 2015.
 “R. Krishnan”, Electric motor drives - modeling, Analysis and control, Prentice Hall PTR, 2001.

NPTEL Web Course:

[Link]
NPTEL Video Course:
[Link]

ESE Syllabus

Semiconductor power diodes, transistors, thyristors, triacs, GTOs, MOSFETs and IGBTs
- static characteristics and principles of operation, triggering circuits, phase control
rectifiers, bridge converters - fully controlled and half controlled, principles of choppers
and inverters, basis concepts of adjustable speed dc and ac drives, DC-DC switched
mode converters, DC-AC switched mode converters, resonant converters, high frequency
inductors and transformers, power supplies.
 VIII. COURSE PLAN:

References
Lecture no

Unit no
Course
week
Teaching
Topics to be covered Learning
Methodologies
Outcomes
UNIT1: Control of DC motors by single Able to Understand
phase and three phase converters: T1,
Drives Concept,
1 Introduction to Thyristor controlled Chalk & Talk
apply Semi and R1
Drives Fully Controlled
Single Phase semi and Fully controlled Converter
converters connected to D.C separately knowledge for DC T1,
2. 1 Chalk & Talk
excited and D.C series motors R2
motor control.
Continuous current operation Analyze voltage
3. Chalk & Talk T1,
Output voltage and current waveforms and current R2
T1,
4 waveform. Solve PPT & Talk &
1 Tutorial/Bridge Class 1 related problems R2
5. Chalk & Talk T1,
&
Able to Understand R2
Speed and Torque expressions T1,
6. speed and torque Chalk & Talk
T2
Speed – Torque Characteristics expression and &
7. PPT & Talk T1,
Problems on Converter fed D.C motors characteristics. R2
T2
8. Chalk & Talk T1,
2 Apply Three phase &
T2
Three phase semi and fully controlled Semi and Fully R2
&
T1,
9. converters connected to D.C separately Controlled Chalk & Talk R2
excited motor Converter &
knowledge for DC R4
Tutorial/Bridge Class 2 T1,
10. motor control. Chalk & Talk
R2
Three phase semi and fully controlled Analyze voltage
Able to Understand T1,
converters connected to [Link] and current
11. speed and torque Chalk & Talk R2,
motors waveform. Solve
expression and &
related problems R4
Output voltage and current waveforms characteristics. T1,
12. Chalk & Talk
3 R4
Apply Three phase
Speed and Torque expressions T1,
13 Semi and Fully Chalk & Talk
R4
Controlled
Speed – Torque characteristics Converter T1,
14. knowledge for DC PPT & Talk
R4
 Tutorial/Bridge Class 3 motor control.
T1,
15. Analyze voltage Chalk & Talk R2
and current &
Problems waveform. Solve R4
Chalk & Talk T1,
16. related problems R2
Mock Test- I &
17. Able to understand
the dc drives R4
UNIT 2: Four quadrant operation of DC
4 various operation T1,
drives: Introduction to Four quadrant Chalk & Talk R2
18. modes. Solve
operation &
Motoring operations related problems
19. R4
T1,
Chalk & Talk
R4
Tutorial/Bridge Class 4 T1,
20. Chalk & Talk
R2
Electric Braking Able to understand &
T1,
21. Chalk & Talk
the difference R4
T2
Plugging, Dynamic Braking operations &
T1,
22. between motoring Chalk & Talk
and braking modes. R4
T2
5 Regenerative Braking operations &
T1,
23. Analyze dc motor in Chalk & Talk
R4
T2
Four quadrant operation of D.C motors four quadrant by
24. Chalk & Talk &
T1,
by single phase dual converters converter. Solve
R4
T2
Tutorial/Bridge Class 5 related problems
Chalk & Talk &
T1,
25. 2 R4
T2
Four quadrant operation of D.C motors &
26. Chalk & Talk T1,
by three phase dual converters R4
T2
Closed loop operation of DC motor Able to understand &
27. Chalk & Talk T1,
(Block Diagram Only) the DC motor R4
T2
6 Control of DC Motors by Choppers: working under &
T1,
Single quadrant, Two quadrant chopper various control R4
T2
28. Chalk & Talk
fed dc separately excited and series methods. Solve &
motors
Four quadrant chopper fed dc separately related problems R4
29 Chalk & Talk T1,
excited and series motors T2
Tutorial/Bridge Class 6 &
T1,
30. Chalk & Talk
R4
T2
31. Continuous current operation &
Able to understand Chalk & Talk T1,
Output voltage and current wave forms speed torque PPT & Talk R4
T1, T2
T2&
32. R4&
7 expression,
Speed and torque expressions R4
33. characteristics DC Chalk & Talk T1,
motors drives. T2
Speed – Torque characteristics PPT & Talk T1, T2
&&
34. Solve related
R4
R4
 Tutorial/Bridge Class 7 problems Chalk & Talk T1, T2 &
35. R4
T1, T2 &
Problems on Chopper fed D.C Motors Chalk & Talk
36. R4
Able to analyse
Closed Loop operation ( Block Diagram difference between T1, T2 &
PPT & Talk
37. Only) AC and DC drives, R4
understand
8 UNIT 3: Control of Induction Motor induction motor T1, T2 &
Through Stator Voltage And Stator drives using stator Chalk & Talk
38 R4
Frequency: Variable voltage voltage and
characteristics frequency. Solve
Control of Induction Motor by AC T1, T2 &
related problems. Chalk & Talk
39. Voltage Controllers R4

Tutorial/Bridge Class 8 Chalk & Talk T1, T2 &

40.
R4
Waveforms – speed torque PPT & Talk T1, T2 &
41. characteristics R4
Variable frequency characteristics PPT & Talk T1, T2 &
Able to understand
42. R4
induction motor
Variable frequency control of induction
3 variable frequency T1, T2 &
9 motor by Voltage source and current Chalk & Talk
43. control by VSI, CSI R4
source inverter and cyclo converters
and PWM. Solve
PWM control related problems Chalk & Talk T1, T2 &
44. R4
Tutorial/Bridge Class 9 Chalk & Talk T1, T2 &
45.
R4
Comparison of VSI and CSI operations T1, T2 &
Chalk & Talk
46. Speed torque characteristics R4

Numerical problems on induction motor Able to analyse the T1, T2 &

Chalk & Talk
drives comparison R4
between VSI and
10 Closed loop operation of induction CSI operation and Chalk & Talk T1, T2 &
47.
motor drives (Block Diagram Only). able to understand R4
UNIT-4: Rotor Side Control of Induction Slip power recovery T1, T2 &
Chalk & Talk
48. Motor: Static rotor resistance control R3
schemes
4
49. Slip power recovery – Static Scherbius Chalk & Talk T1, T2 &
drive R3
50. Tutorial/Bridge Class 10 Chalk & Talk T1, T2 &
R3
 Static Kramer Drive Chalk & Talk T1, T2 &
51.
R3
Their performance and speed torque Analyse the T1, T2 &
PPT & Talk
52. performance of slip
11 characteristics – advantages, R3
Problems
applications, power recovery Chalk & Talk T1, T2 &
53.
drive and
UNIT 5: Control of Synchronous Motors: T1,R3
T2 &
understand the Chalk & Talk
54. Separate control of synchronous motors R3
separate control of
synchronous motor T1, T2 &
Tutorial/Bridge Class 11 Chalk & Talk
55. R3

T1, T2 &
Self control of synchronous motors Chalk & Talk
56. R3

Able to understand
Operation of self controlled synchronous the operation of Chalk & Talk T1, T2 &
57.
motors by VSI self controlled and R3
12 Operation of self controlled synchronous load commutated Chalk & Talk T1, T2 &
58.
motors by CSI and cyclo converters CSI fed R3
Load commutated CSI fed Synchronous Chalk & Talk T1, T2 &
59. synchronous motor
Motor – Operation R3
T1, T2 &
Tutorial/Bridge Class 12 Chalk & Talk
60. R3

Waveforms – speed torque T1, T2 &

Chalk & Talk
61. characteristics Applications – R3
Advantages
Numerical Problems Chalk & Talk T1, T2 &
62. Analyse the
R3
Closed Loop control operation of waveform and T1, T2 &
13 Chalk & Talk
63. synchronous motor drives (Block characteristics, R3
Diagram Only) solve numerical
variable frequency control - Cyclo Chalk & Talk T1, T2 &
64. problems
converter R3

Tutorial/Bridge Class 13 Chalk & Talk T1, T2 &

65.
R3
66. PWM based VSI & CSI Chalk & Talk T1, T2 &
I Mid Examinations (Week 9) R3

15 *Drives For Advanced Electrical Able to fulfill the Chalk & Talk
67. 5.
Machines bridge gap of this
*Energy Conservation in Electric Drives course, also give Chalk & Talk
68.
knowledge of
advanced machines
and energy
conservation.
 REVISION UNIT-I Discussion
69.
REVISION UNIT-II Discussion
70.
REVISION UNIT-III Discussion
71.
REVISION UNIT-IV Discussion
72.
16 REVISION UNIT-V Discussion
73.
Tutorial/Bridge Class 14 Chalk & Talk T1, T2 &
74. Solve related
R4
Tutorial/Bridge Class 15 problems T1, T2 &
Chalk & Talk
75.
R4
II Mid Examinations (Week 16)

*Content beyond Syllabus

IX. MAPPING COURSE OUTCOMES LEADING TO THE ACHIEVEMENT OF

PROGRAM OUTCOMES AND PROGRAM SPECIFIC OUTCOMES:
Program
Course Outcomes

Specific
Program Outcomes (PO)
Outcomes
(PSO)

PO PO PO PO PO PO PO PO1 PO1 PO1 PSO PSO

PO5 PO9
1 2 3 4 6 7 8 0 1 2 1 2

CO1 3 2 2 - - 1 1 1 - - - - 2 2

CO2 3 3 2 - - 1 1 1 - - - - 2 2

CO3 3 2 2 2 2 - - 2 - - - - 3 2

CO4 3 2 2 - 1 - 2 - - 1 - 1 2 2

CO5 3 3 2 - 2 - - 2 1 - - 2 3 2

AVG 1.6
3 2.4 2 2 1 1 1.5 1 1 - 1.5 2.4 2
7

3:Substantial - : None
 1: Slight (Low) 2:Moderate (High)
(Medium)

X. QUESTION BANK (JNTUH)

UNIT I
Long Answer Questions-

Blooms
Course
[Link] Question Taxonomy
Outcome
Level

Derive an expression relating speed and torque of a single

1 Understand 1, 2, & 3
phase full converter fed separately excited DC motor drive
operating in the continuous current mode
Analyze and describe the operation of single phase fully
2 Analyze 1, & 3
controlled rectifier control of DC series motor and obtain the
expression for motor speed for continuous mode of operation
Explain the use of freewheeling diode in the converter fed
3 DC drives. Take an example of 1-phase fully controlled Analyze 1, 2 & 3
converter fed for explanation. How it is going to affect the
machine performance.
Describe the operation of single phase semi controlled
4 Analyze 1, 2, & 3
rectifier control of DC series motor and obtain the expression
for motor speed for continuous mode of operation
Derive an expression for an average output voltage of a 1-
5 phase semi- converter. Assuming a very highly inductive Analyze 1, 2 & 3
load, draw the waveforms of output voltage, load current and
voltage across thyristors
Explain the operation of three phase full controlled rectifier
6 Understand 1, 2 & 3
fed dc series motor drives with waveforms and
characteristics
7 Compare three phase drives and single phase drives Analyze 1, 2& 3

A single phase fully controlled thyristor converter is

supplying a DC separately excited DC motor. Draw the neat
waveforms diagrams and explain various operating modes of
the drive Both in motoring and regenerative braking for
(a) γ < α
8 Compute 1, 2 & 3
(b) γ > α

Where α is the firing angle, γ is the angle at which the source

voltage equal to the motor back emf. Assume the armature of
the separately excited dc motor can be replaced by simple R-
L and back emf load
 Explain the operation of three phase half controlled rectifier
9 Understand 1&3
fed dc separately excited DC motor drives with waveforms
and characteristics
Explain the motoring and braking operation of three phase
10 fully controlled rectifier control of dc separately excited Analyze 1&3
motor with aid of diagrams and waveforms. Also obtain the
expression for motor terminal voltage speed.

Short Answer Questions-

Blooms Taxonomy Course

[Link] Question
Level Outcome

1 List out the drawbacks of rectifier fed DC drive. Understand 2

Mention the different factors for the selection of

2 Analyze 1&2
electric drives?

3 List the applications of electrical drives Understand 1

What are the advantages of three phase controlled

4 Understand 3
converter fed DC Drives

A separately excited dc motor is required to be

controlled from a 3-phase source for operation in
5 Analyze 2&3
the first quadrant only. The most preferred
converter

UNIT II

Long Answer Questions-

S.N Course
Question Blooms Taxonomy Level
0 Outcome

What is 4-quadrant operation and explain with

1
converters. 3
Understand
What is a dual converter? Explain the principle of
2 operation of a dual converter in a circulating current
Apply 2&3
mode. How the same is used for speed control of
DC drive
Explain how four-quadrant operation is achieved by
3
dual converter each of 1ϕ full wave configuration
Apply 2&3
for DC separately excited motor.
4 Explain the principle of closed-loop control of a DC
drive using suitable block diagram. Understand 2&3
Draw and explain the torque-speed characteristics for
5
dynamic braking operation of DC series motor. Why Analyze 1&2
torque becomes zero at finite speed
6 Explain the different types of control strategies of
3
DC chopper. Understand
With a neat diagram, explain the operation of a DC
7 drive in all four quadrants when fed by a single
Understand 1&3
phase dual converter with necessary waveforms and
characteristics.
Draw the circuit diagram and explain the operation
8
of closed loop speed control with inner-current loop Apply 2&3
and field weakening
9 List types of control strategies of Dc chopper?
Understand 3
Electrical braking of series motor is not straight
10
forward as that of a separately excited DC motors – Evaluate 2&3
Justify

Short Answer Questions-

S.N Course
Question Blooms Taxonomy Level
o Outcome

1 Which braking is suitable for reversing the Analyze 1&2

motor?
2 List the advantages of closed loop operation. Understand 2

3 What are the conditions for the operation of Understand 1&2

motor in regenerative braking
4 What is the operation of converter in third and Understand 1&2
fourth quadrants
5 List types of control strategies of Dc chopper? Understand 3

UNIT III
Long Answer Questions-

S.N Course
Question Blooms Taxonomy Level
o Outcome

1 Why stator voltage control is an inefficient method

of induction motor speed control
 Analyze 2&3

Draw a closed loop block diagram for the above

2
speed control technique. Mention the merits of the Understand
1&2
above method of speed control
Explain the mechanical characteristics of a three
3
phase induction motor with stator frequency 2&3
control. Understand
4 Explain in detail the speed control scheme for a Understand
2&3
three phase induction motor using PWM inverter.
5 Constant torque loads are not suitable for AC Analyze
2&3
voltage controller fed induction motor drive. Why?
6 Explain in detail the voltage source inverter Understand
3&4
control of induction motor drive.
Explain the closed-loop speed control and Understand
7.
converter rating for VSI and cycloconverter 3&4
induction motor drives.
A Y-connected squirrel-cage induction motor has Evaluate
following rating parameters: 400 V, 50 Hz, 4-pole,
1370 rpm, Rs  2 , Rr'  3 , X s  X r'  3.5 ,
Motor is controlled by a voltage source inverter at
constant V/f ratio. Inverter allows frequency
8.
variation from 10 to 50 Hz. 3&4
(i) Obtain aplot between the breakdown
torque and frequency.
(ii) Calculate starting torque and current of this
drive as a ratio of their values when motor is
started at rated voltage and frequency.
A 440V, 3 phase, 50Hz 6 pole 945 RPM delta Evaluate
connected induction motor has the following
parameters referred to the stator. R1=2.0 Ω, R2 = 2.0
9. Ω, X1 = 3 Ω, X2 = 4 Ω. When driving a fan load at rated
3&4
voltage, it runs at rated speed. The motor speed is
controlled by stator voltage control. Determine motor
terminal voltage, current and torque at 600 RPM.

Explain in detail with speed-torque characteristics of Understand

10. variable voltage and variable frequency (V/F) control
3&4
of induction motor drive

Short Answer Questions-

 Course
[Link] Question Blooms Taxonomy Level
Outcome

1 Draw the equivalent circuit of an induction Understand 2

motor
2 What are the advantages of variable frequency Understand 2&3
control?
What are the applications of variable frequency
3 drives? Understand 2

4 Draw the speed torque characteristics of Understand 1&2

induction motor
5 What are the different types of rotor resistances Understand 1&2
control in induction motor

UNIT IV
Long Answer Questions-

Blooms
Course
[Link] Question Taxonomy
Outcome
Level

With the help of a neat schematic, discuss the operation

1 of a Static Scherbius drive. Derive the speed-torque Understand 1, 2, & 3
expression and draw its speed-torque characteristics.

2 With the help of a neat schematic discuss the Analyze 1, & 3

operation of a Static Kramer drive.
Draw the speed-torque characteristics of induction motor
3 with variable rotor resistance and explain why this Analyze 1, 2 & 3
method is inefficient.

With the help of a neat schematic discuss the operation

4 of a Static rotor resistance control method for induction Analyze 1, 2, & 3
motor speed control.

440 V, 50 Hz, 6-pole Y-connected wound rotor motor has

the following

5 parameters: Rs = 0.5 Ω, Rr’ = 0.4 Ω, Xs = Xr’ = 1.2 Ω, Xm = Compute 1, 2 & 3

50 Ω, stator to rotor turns ratio is 3.5. Motor is controlled
by static rotor resistance control. External resistance is
chosen such that the breakdown torque is produced at
standstill for a duty ratio of zero. Calculate the value of
 external resistance.

A three phase, 400V, 6-pole, 50 Hz, delta connected slip

ring induction motor has rotor resistance of 0.2 ohms and
leakage reactance of 1 ohms per phase referred to stator.
6 When driving a fan load it runs at full load of 4% slip. Compute 2, 3 & 5
What resistance must be inserted in the rotor circuit to
obtain a speed of 850 rpm. Neglect stator impedance and
magnetizing branch. Stator to rotor turns ratio is 2.2.

A 400V, 50 Hz, 950rpm, 6-pole, star connected, three

phase wound rotor induction motor has following
parameters referred to the stator: Rs = 0.2 Ω, Rr’ = 0. 07
Ω, Xs = 0.4 Ω, Xr’ = 0.4 Ω, the stator to rotor turns ration
is 2. Motor speed is controlled by static scherbius drive.
7 Drive is designed for a speed range of 25% below the Compute 3, 4 & 5
synchronous speed. Maximum value of firing angle is
150o. Calculate

(i) Turns ratio of transformer

(ii) Torque for a speed of 750 rpm and α=130o.

A 440V, 50 Hz, 970rpm, 6-pole, star connected, three
phase wound rotor induction motor has following
parameters referred to the stator: Rs = 0.1 Ω, Rr’ = 0.08
Ω, Xs=0.3 Ω, Xr’ = 0.4 Ω, the stator to rotor turns ration is
2. Motor speed is controlled by static scherbius drive.
8 Drive is designed for a speed range of 25% below the Compute 3, 4 & 5
synchronous speed. Maximum value of firing angle is
165o. Calculate

(i) Turns ratio of transformer.

(ii) Torque for a speed of 780 rpm and α=140o.

Explain the speed control and performance
9 Understand 1&3
characteristics of static Kramer’s drive.

Describe the static rotor resistance control for speed

10 Analyze 1&3
control of an induction motor.

Short Answer Questions-

 Blooms
Course
[Link] Question Taxonomy
Outcome
Level

What are the advantages of static rotor resistance control

1 over conventional methods Understand 4

of rotor resistance control?

Explain speed –torque characteristics of a static Scherbius
2 Understand 3&4
drive control for speed control of induction motor.

What is slip-power recovery scheme ?

3 Understand 3

4 Why the slip-power recovery scheme is suitable Understand 3&4

mainly for druves with a low speed ranges ?
5 Why has the Static Kramer Drive a low range of speed Understand 3&4
control ?

UNIT V
Long Answer Questions-

Blooms Taxonomy Course

[Link] Question
Level Outcome

What is the difference between true synchronous mode

1 and self control mode for variable frequency control of Understand 1, 2, & 3
synchronous motor?

2 Explain closed loop control operation of a Analyze 1, & 3

synchronous motor drive.
Explain the operation of self-controlled synchronous
3 Analyze 1, 2 & 3
motor drive using VSI.

Explain how operation of a synchronous motor shifts

4 Analyze 1, 2, & 3
from motoring to regenerative braking..

A 400 kW, three-phase, 3.3 kV, 50 Hz, unity power

factor, four-pole, star-connected synchronous motor has
the following parameters: Ra=0, Xs= 12Ω, rated field
5 current =10 A. Compute 1, 2 & 3

The machine is controlled by variable frequency control

at a constant V/f ratio. Calculate:
 (i) The torque and field current for rated armature
current, 900 rpm and 0.8 leading power factor, and

(ii) The armature current and power factor for

regenerative braking torque equal to rated motor
torque, 900 rpm and rated field current.

6 Describe the operation of self-controlled Compute 1, 2 & 3

Synchronous Motor drives in detail.
7 Explain closed loop speed control of synchronous Compute 1, 2& 3
motor drive fed from CSI.
8 Describe the operation of separate controlled Compute 1, 2 & 3
Synchronous Motor drives in detail.
Draw the block diagram and explain the operation of
9 Understand 1&3
Load commutated VSI fed Synchronous motor drive.

10 Explain variable frequency speed control of Analyze 1&3

synchronous motor.
Short Answer Questions-

Blooms Course
[Link] Question
Taxonomy Level Outcome

What is the basic difference between true

1 Understand 2
synchronous mode and self control mode for variable
frequency control of synchronous motor ?
Why a self-controlled synchronous motor is free from
2 Understand 2&3
hunting oscillation ?

Why the load commutated inverter fed synchronous

3 motor drive is found suitable for high speed and high Understand 2
power applications ?

4 When operating in true synchronous mode, why the Understand 1&2

frequency must be changed in small steps ?
Why a cycloconverter controlled synchronous motor
5 (or induction motor) drive is preferred over inverter Understand 1&2
controlled synchronous motor (or induction motor)
drive for low speed applications ?

OBJECTIVE QUESTIONS:

FILL IN THE BLANKS:

UNIT-1

[Link] Phase Fully Controlled Converter Fed Separately Excited D.C Motor Drive armature
voltage is ________
2 2 
Answer :  V cos  

  
[Link] Phase Fully Controlled Converter Fed Separately Excited D.C Motor Drive average
voltage is ______________
 3 3 
Answer :  Vm cos  

  

[Link] excited DC motor Speed torque realtionship.

 V Ra 
Answer :  a  T
 K a  K a 
2 


[Link] requirements of an electric drive________________

Answer :Stable operation should be assured and drive should have good transient response

5. The applications of electrical drives__________________

Answer: Paper mills, Electric traction Cement mills &Steel mills

6. The different types of classes of duty_________________________________

Answer : Continuous duty, Discontinuous duty, Short time duty, intermittent duty

7. ___________________ is the speed that separates continuous conduction from discontinuous

conduction mode.

Answer : Critical Speed

8. The different types of electrical drives_____________
Answer : DC and AC Drives

9. The different types of drives _____________

Answer : Group drive, Individual drive & Multimotor drive

10. Systems employed for motion control are called _____________

Answer: Drives

UNIT-II

[Link] types of braking____,____,____

Answer: Regenerative braking, Dynamic braking, & Plugging
2.______occurs when the motor speed exceeds the synchronous speed.
 Answer: Regenerative braking
[Link] types of control strategies in dc chopper _____
Answer: Time ratio control & Current limit control
[Link] advantages of closed loop control of dc drives _____
Answer: Improved accuracy, fast dynamic response and reduced effects of disturbance and system
non-linearities

5._____ is used for load equalization.

Answer: Flywheel

6. The drawbacks of rectifier fed dc drives ____

Answer: Distortion of supply, Low power factor & Ripple in motor current

7. The disadvantage of _____is the presence of a mechanical commutator which limits the

maximum power rating and the speed

Answer: DC Drives

8. Motor can provide motoring and braking operations for both forward and reverse directions is ____
Answer: four quadrant operations

9. _____occurs when the energy stored in the rotating mass is dissipated in an electrical resistance
Answer: Dynamic braking

10. When phase sequence of supply of the motor running at the speed is reversed by interchanging
connections of any two phases of stator with respect to supply terminals, operation shifts from
motoring to_____
Answer: plugging region.

UNIT-III

1. The applications of ac drives are ___.

Ans: fans, blowers, mill run-out tables, cranes, conveyors, traction etc
2. The three regions in the speed-torque characteristics in the IM_____.

Ans: Motoring region (0<=s<=1), Generating region(s<0), Plugging region (1<=s<=2) where s is the slip

3. The advantages of stator voltage control method_____

Ans : The control circuitry is simple, Compact size & Quick response time

4_____stepless control of supply voltage from zero to rated voltage they are used for soft start for
motors.

Ans : AC voltage controllers

 5. The advantages of V/f control_____

Ans : Smooth speed ctrl, Small input current and improved power factor at low frequency start &
Higher starting torque.

6 . The main drawback of stepped wave inverter is the -------------------in the output voltage.

Ans. Large harmonics of low frequency

7. Harmonics content in motor current increases at----------------

Ans. Low speed

8. The harmonic in the motor current produce ---------- and derate the motor.

Ans: torque pulsation

9. Cycloconverter employs large number of thyristors, it becomes economically acceptable only in---------
----------.

Ans: large power drives

10. Because of large inductance in the dc link and large inverter capacitors, CSI drive

Ans: has higher cost, weight and volume, lower speed range and slower dynamic response

UNIT-IV

1. Advantage of rotor resistance control is that motor torque capability remains unaltered even at

Ans: low speed

2. Because of low cost and high torque capability at low speeds, rotor rresistance control is employed in
Ans: cranes, Ward Leonard drives.

3. Compared to conventional rotor resistance control, static resistance control has several advantages
such as
Ans: smooth and stepless control, fast response, less maintenance, compact size.

4. For the speed control of a wound rotor motor below and above synchronous speed---------------- is
used.
Ans: Static Scherbius Drive

5. The ---------system is used in large power pumps and fan type drives system where the range of speed
is limited below synchronous speed.
Ans: static karmer drive
6. The system with ------------- can be controlled for motoring and regenerting in both the synchronous
and subsynchronous speeds
Ans: bidirectional slip power flow

7. Rotor slip power is converted into dc by a

Ans: diode bridge

8. In rotor resistance control method of speed control, the slip power is wasted in the ---------------and
hence the efficiency reduces.
Ans: external resistance

9. Advantages of rotor resistance control methods are

Ans: Smooth and stepless control is possible, Quick response, Less maintenance and Compact size

10. Increase in rotor resistance leads to increase of -----------in the rotor resistance. This will reduce the
system efficiency.
Ans: power loss

UNIT-V

1. The speed of a synchronous motor can be controlled by varying -----------of its source.
Ans; frequency

2. In true synchronous mode of synchronous motor,the stator supply frequency is controlled from an
Ans: independent oscillator.

3. In self-control mode, the stator supply frequency is changed so that synchronous speed is the same as
Ans: rotor speed

4. Load side converter performs somewhat similar function as---------------------------------------

Ans: commutator in a dc machine

5. When synchronous motor is over excited they can supply the ------------------required for commutation
thyristors.
Ans: reactive power

6. When firing angles are changed such that ----------- and ----------, the load side converter operates as a
rectifier and source side converter operates as an inverter
Ans: 90o   s  180o , 0o   l  90o

7. Synchronous motor speed can be changed by control of line side converter---------------------

Ans: firing angles
8. When the firing angle range----------------, it acts as a commutated fully controlled rectifier.
Ans: 0o   s  90o

9. The self controlled motor run has properties of a dc motor both under steady state and dynamic
conditions and therefore, is called----------------------------------.
Ans: commutator less motor

10. Permanent magnet synchronous motor is used for ---------------------------

Ans: medium power drives

Multiple Choice Questions:

UNIT I

1. The basic elements of a electric drive are

a) electric motor

b) control system

c) electrical motor and control system

d) none

Answer : c

2. Ward-Leonard controlled D.C. drives are generally used for ______ excavators

a) Light duty

b) Medium duty

c) Heavy duty

d) all of the above

Answer : c

3. The selection of an electric motor for any application depends on which of the following factors ?
a) Electrical characteristics

b) Mechanical characteristics

c) Size and rating of motors

d) Cost

e) all of the above

Answer : e

4. ----------is preferred for automatic drives

a) Squirrel cage induction motor

b) Synchronous motors

c) Ward-Leonard controlled D.C. motors

d) Any of the above

Answer: c

5. Which of the following motors is preferred when quick speed reversal is the main consideration ?

a) Squirrel cage induction motor

b) Wound rotor induction motor

c) Synchronous motor

d) D.C. motor

Answer: d

6) Switchable Speed drive, Open Loop speed drive, closed loop speed drives are the example of

a) Fixed speed Drive

b) Variable Speed drive

c) Servo Drive
d) Any of the above

Answer: b

7) The advantages of a group driver electric drive are

a) Constant speed

b) High efficiency

c) Low Noise

d) all of the above

Answer: b

8) The drive which is used for metal-cutting machines tools, rolling mills etc. are

a) Individual drive

b) Group Drive

c) Multimotor drive

d) None of the above

Answer: c

9) Electric drive is becoming more and more popular because

a) it provide smooth and easy control

b) it is cheaper in cost

c) it is simple and reliable

d) all of the above

Answer: d

10) Which of the following motor is best suitable for rolling mills?
a) Squirrel cage induction motor

b) Wound rotor induction motor

c) Synchronous motor

d) D.C. motor

Answer:d

UNIT II

1. A four quadrant operation requires

a) two full converters in series

b) two full converters connected in parallel

c) two full converter connected in back to back

d) two semi converters connected in back to back

Answer : C

2. In 4 quadrant operation of a hoist 3rd quadrant represents

a) reverse motoring

b) reverse braking

c) forward braking

d) forward motoring

Answer: a

3. Which braking is not possible in series motor?

a) Regenerative braking

b) Dynamic braking

c) Counter electric current braking

d) Rheostat braking

Answer: a

4. An elevator drive is required to operate in

a) one quadrant only

b) two quadrants

c) three quadrants

d) four quadrants

Answer: d

5. In industries which electrical braking is preferred?

a) Regenerative braking

b) Dynamic braking

c) Plugging

d) None of the above

Answer: a

6. High braking torque produced in

a) plugging

b) dynamic braking

c) regenerative braking

d) none of above

Answer: a

7. Polarity of supply voltage is reversed in which type of braking?

a) Regenerative braking

b ) Dynamic braking

c) Plugging

d) none of the above

Answer: c

8. For the high-frequency choppers, the device that is preferred is

a) TRIAC

b) Thyristor

c ) Transistor

d) GTO

Answer: c

9. Speed control by variation of field flux results in

a) constant power drive

b) constant torque drive

c) variable power drive

d) none of the above

Answer: a

10. To save energy during braking-----------------braking is used

a) dynamic

b) regenerative

c) plugging

d) all of the above

answer: b

UNIT III

1. For an IM to operate in braking region slip should be always

a) less than zero

b) greater than 1

c) is equal to 1

d) none of these

Answer: b

2. Stator voltage control for speed control of induction motors is suitable for

a) fan and pump drives

b) drive of a crane

c) running it as generator

d) constant load drive

Answer: a

3. In motor circuit static frequency changers are used for

a) power factor improvement

b) improved cooling

c) reversal of direction

d) speed regulation

Answer: d

4) V/f is maintained constant in the following case of speed control of induction motor
a) Below base speed with voltage control

b) Below the base speed with frequency control

c) Above base speed with frequency control

d) None of these

Answer: b

5) --------- has the least value of starting torque to full load torque ratio.

a) D.C. shunt motor

b) D.C. series motor

c) Squirrel cage induction motor

d) Slip ring induction motor

Answer: c

6) The slip of an induction motor during DC rheostatic braking is

a) 2 - s

b) 1 - s

c) 2 + s

d) s

Answer: d

7) Motors preferred for rolling mill drive is

(a) DC Motor

(b) AC slip ring Induction Motor

(c) Any of the above

(d) None of the above

 Ans: (c)

8) Wound rotor and squirrel-cage motors with the high slip which develop maximum torque at standstill are used for

(a) Presses and Punches

(b)Machine tools

(c) Elevators

(d) All of the above

Ans: (a)

9) In case of a 3 phase induction motor, plugging is done by:

(a) Starting the motor on load which is more than the rated load

(b) Pulling the motor directly on line without a starter

(c)Interchanging connections of any two phases of the stator for quick stopping

(d) Locking of the rotor due to harmonics

Ans: (c)

10) In a 3-phase voltage source inverter used for speed control of induction motor, antiparallel
diodes are used across each switching device. The main purpose of diodes is to:

(a) Protect the switching devices against overvoltage

(b) Provide the path for freewheeling current

(c) Allow the motor to return energy during regeneration

(d) Help in switching off the devices

Ans : (c )

UNIT IV
1) In case of traveling cranes, the motor preferred for boom hoist
(a) AC Slip Ring Motor
 (b) Ward Leonard Controlled DC Shunt Motor

(c) Synchronous Motor

(d) Single Phase Motor

Ans (a)

2) Under which of the following condition the squirrel cage induction motor is preferred over the wound
rotor induction motor.?
(a) When an external voltage is to be necessarily into the rotor

(b) When the wide range of speed control is required

(c) When the cost is the major consideration

(d) When higher starting torque is required

Ans: (c)

3) As an energy efficient application, slip power recovery system fits well for
(a) Squirrel cage and slip ring motors
(b) DC motor
(c) Slip ring motors only
(d) None of the above
Ans: (c)
4) Fans, pumps, Blowers are the example of _________ drive
(a) Fixed speed Drive

(b) Variable Speed drive

(c) Servo Drive

(d) Any of the above

Ans: (b)

5) Switchable Speed drive, Open Loop speed drive, closed loop speed drives are the example of
(a) Fixed speed Drive
(b) Variable Speed drive
(c) Servo Drive
(d) Any of the above
Ans: (b)

6) In the method of speed control of an induction motor by inducing EMF in the rotor circuit, if the
injected voltage is in the phase opposition to the induced rotor EMF, then
(a) The rotor resistance Increase
(b) The rotor reactance increase
(c) The rotor reactance decrease
(d) The rotor resistance decrease
Ans: (a)

7) During the starting of a slip ring induction motor using rotor resistance starter, the insertion of
resistance in the rotor circuit causes:
(a) Stator current to Increase and torque to decrease
(b) Stator current to decrease and torque to increase
(c) Stators current to Increase and power factor to decrease
(d) Power factor to decrease and torque to Increase
Ans: (b)

8) A three-phase induction motor is analogous to

(a) Generator
(b) Rotating transformer
(c) Rotating Motor
(d) Rotating converter
(e) Ans: (b)

9) If any two phases for an induction motor are interchanged

(a) The motor will run in reverse direction
(b) The motor will continue to run in the same direction
(c) The motor will stop
(d) The motor will Burn
Ans: (a)

10) Blocked rotor test in an induction motor is used to determine

(a) Leakage impedance
(b) Copper loss
(c) Both 1 & 2
(d) None of the above
Ans: (c)

UNIT V
1) As compared to three phase induction motor the advantage of synchronous Motor in addition
to its constant speed is
(a) Higher Power factor

(b) Better efficiency

(c) Both 1 & 2

(d) None of the above

Ans: (c)
2) In motor, the static frequency changers are used for
(a) Power factor management

(b) Improved cooling

(c) Reversal of direction

(d) Speed Regulation

Ans: (d)

In a self-controlled synchronous motor fed from a variable frequency inverter

(a) The rotor poles invariably have damper windings
(b) There are stability problems
(c) The speed of the rotor decides stator frequency
(d) The frequency of the stator decides the rotor speed
Ans: (d)
3) What happens if field winding of the synchronous motor is short circuited?
(a) First, starts as induction motor then run as synchronous motor

(b) Not start

(c) Motor will burn out

(d) Run as induction motor

Ans: (d)

4) In a synchronous motor, during hunting when the rotor speed exceeds the synchronous speed
then damper bar develop
(a) Induction generator torque

(b) Harmonic

(c) DC motor torque

(d)Synchronous motor torque

Ans: (a)

5) A 3 phase, salient pole synchronous motor is fed from an infinite bus and is running at no load. Now if
the field current of the motor is reduced to zero then the
(a) Motor will run at synchronous speed
(b) Motor will stop
(c) Motor will run at low speed
(d) Motor will burn
 Ans: (c)

6) Which of the following motor is not self-starting?

(a) Wound rotor induction motor
(b) Squirrel cage induction motor
(c) DC series motor
(d) Synchronous motor
Ans: (d)

7) In a synchronous motor, the synchronizing power comes into action when

(a) Rotor speed is less than synchronous speed
(b) Rotor speed is more than synchronous speed
(c) Rotor speed is equal to synchronous speed
(d) Rotor speed is either less or more than synchronous speed
Ans: (d)

8) In a synchronous motor which loss does not vary with the load?
(a) Windage losses
(b) Copper losses
(c) Hysteresis losses
(d) None of the above
Ans: (a)

9) The maximum value of torque that a synchronous motor, can develop without losing its synchronism,
is known as
(a) Pull out torque
(b) Breaking torque
(c) Slip torque
(d) Non-synchronizing torque
Ans: (a)

EXPERT DETAILS:

1. Dr. Srinivasa Rao Sandepudi

Professor and HEAD, Department of Electrical Engineering
NIT Warangal

2. Dr. K. Siva Kumar

Associate Professor, Department of Electrical Engineering
IIT Hyderabad
WEBSITES:
1. [Link]
1/[Link]?id=7590
2. [Link]
3. [Link]
4. [Link]
CONVERTER_BASED_DC_DRIVES
5. [Link]
6. [Link]
[Link]
7. [Link]
of%[Link]

JOURNALS:
1. [Link]
2. [Link]
3. [Link]

LIST OF TOPICS FOR STUDENT SEMINARS:

1. Three-phase half-controlled rectifier control of separately excited motor.
2. Variable frequency control of an induction motor.
3. Closed-loop slip controlled CSI drive with regenerative braking.
4. Performance of rotor resistance control of induction motor.
5. Analysing the performance of slip power recovery drive.
6. Variable frequency control of multiple synchronous motors.

CASE STUDIES/SMALL PROJECTS

1. Design of Single Phase semi and Fully controlled converters connected to d.c separately excited
and d.c series motors using Matlab/Simulink.
2. Design self-controlled synchronous motor drive employing load commutated inverter using
Matlab/Simulink.
3. Simulation and Comparative Assessment of Slip Power Recovery Scheme using Matlab/Simulink.
4. Study the performance of three-phase semi and fully controlled converters connected to d.c
separately excited and d.c series motors using Matlab/Simulink.

==== END ====