Chapter II

Review of Related Literature and Studies

Conceptual Literature

This presents the information gathered from articles, journals, books and websites related

to the study.

Related Studies

ADVANTAGES OF BEING AN ABM STUDENTS

Being an Accountancy and Business Management students is not easy. You will have a

better understanding of all topics relating to business finance, economics and marketing. One of

the key benefits of studying ABM is that it offers students the opportunity to undertake work

placements and professional projects. Being an ABM student, you need to learn on how to manage

your time, to have a long patience and to concentrate and focus on your studies. In ABM, you can

explore more, you will learn more on how to manage your own business. You will have a

knowledge on what business are you going to start with and how will you run your business. ABM

is not just focusing on how will you manage your business, it also tackles about the payment that

you are going to pay, the risks in managing business and on how for your business to be successful.

Being ABM students is challenging because you will learn the reality of life in this world. Gaining

money is one of the most goal of humans. For us to live in this world, we need to gain profit, so as

an ABM student you will learn the basics on how to gain profit at a young age. You will instantly
boost your earning potential. As an ABM student you will immediately be equipped with skills

and knowledge that will have an immediate impact on your existing business or business idea.

The ABM strand in its most fundamental sense refers to the accountancy, business, and

management academic programs that concentrate on the foundational concepts in corporate

operations, financial management, business management, as well as each and every factor that

revolves around those central fields.

The ABM strand can take you on a direct path to careers in accounting and management:

sales management, human resources, marketing director, bookkeeper, project officer, accounting

clerk, internal auditor, and many more.

The ABM strand curriculum opens the avenues for you to gain a more nuanced

appreciation of the intrinsic elements that make up the world of accounting and business

management courses in the Philippines without having to dive deeper into the specialized

complexities of mathematical fields such as algebra, geometry, trigonometry, and others.

The subjects involved in the ABM strand are designed and crafted for you develop the

appropriate tools that you are going to utilize all throughout your journey in the corporate world.

You should expect to be immersed in studying management and financial accounting along with

the business, legal, and organizational contexts that you would be working with as you go along

your road in a professional enterprise.

By taking the ABM strand you will be trained to analyze assets, understand everything

involved with financial positions, interpret various profitability, and prepare audit accounts.
 In the past, highest schools would integrate a basic Accounting course into their curriculum

– highlighting only the key concepts while providing a beginner’s guide to debits and credits. But

with the ABM strand, students will get to spend more time understanding Applied Economics,

Business Ethics and Social Responsibility, Accountancy, Business, Management, Business Math,

Business Finance, Business Organization and Principles in Marketing. Senior high school students

will also be required to engage themselves in the field through practical experience and immersions

in various sectors and corporate industries. A business enterprise simulation will also be in the

works for students who have opted to take this strand. If negotiating, talking to consumers,

strategizing and analyzing business models are more your thing then this is the path for you.

Advantages of Taking the ABM Strand

As mentioned earlier, the ABM strand generally has three main specifications: Accounting,

Business, and Management. First and foremost, taking the ABM Strand track will allow you many

opportunities to start and run your own business. You will be trained in practicing proper time

management and develop many other skills that are going to be applicable for almost any career

path that you choose to pursue.

Communication Skills

While taking the ABM Strand track, you are going to learn how to communicate with

different types of people. Running a business involves clear and concise communication. You will

learn to adapt to the communication skills that are required for various business courses.
Finance Skills

Accounting is an integral part of this track. By getting attune to the critical principles of

how the exchange of money actually works and the foundational mathematical syllogisms that

makeup accounting theory, you are going to learn how to properly handle a business and your own

finances.

Collaboration Skills

Running your own successful business is impossible to be achieved all on your own. There

is a crucial team dynamic that comes into play with all business operations regardless of size, scale,

and scope. Not only will your communication skills be used, your leadership skills will also be

practiced and honed.

Analytical Skills

Logical prowess is crucial for any business operation. With the ABM Strand track, your

reasoning skills are going to get sharpened to their fullest potential. This is one of the most

necessary skill sets that you are going to master while studying the fields of business, finance, and

accounting.

Time Management

Objectively speaking, this is arguably one of the greatest skills that you could have,

especially as you begin your journey in higher education. You are going to learn how to budget

and allocate your time in such a way that everything will be efficient, effective, and simple. With
the required workload, you are going to go through with the ABM strand, your time management

skills will be practiced to near perfection.

COURSES THAT YOU MAY PURSUE IN COLLEGE IF YOU’LL TAKE ABM AS AN SHS

STRAND:

 Bachelor of Science in Accountancy

-The Bachelor of Science in Accountancy (BSA) prepares students for entry into a variety of

fields in accountancy, including corporate accounting, accounting information systems, and

governmental accounting. It also prepares students for graduate programs such as law or the

University’s Master of Accounting Science program.

 Bachelor of Science in Accounting Technology

-The BS Accounting Technology program is a non-board program designed to provide

students with knowledge and skills in accounting standards and management. Students will gain

the essential competencies needed in accounting and bookkeeping, account receivables, financial

analysis and auditing, financial and tax reporting, and other financial-related services.

 Bachelor of Science in Business Administration

coursework in both business and the liberal arts, and that they complete no fewer than 133 credits,

plus additional seminars in career development.

MAJOR IN:

 Marketing Management

-The BSBA in Marketing Management program is designed to equip you with the knowledge

and skills for effective marketing and sales strategies: how a company determines what product or

service to sell, how customers and markets are delineated into target demographics, and the

methods of reaching them. The course also focuses on strategic marketing issues which marketing

managers assess before findings are presented to their executives.

 Financial Management

-The Bachelor of Science in Business Administration major in Financial Management is a

four-year college course recommended for people who plan to make a career in Banking and

Finance Industry. The program aims to help students acquire analytical skills, perception, and

competencies necessary for sound financial decision making in the business world.

 Banking

-Bachelor of Science in Business Administration major in Banking and Finance (BSBA-BF)

is a four year degree program designed to provide students with the tools for understanding

investments, capital markets, financial management and financial institutions.

 Human Resource Development Management

-The Bachelor of Science in Business Administration (BSBA) degree program in Human

employee selection, training, management development, industrial relations, compensation

and the dynamics of organizational behavior.

 Operations Management

-Bachelor of Science in Business Administration major in Operations Management (BSBA-

OM) is a four year degree program designed to provide students with knowledge and skills

in product creation, development, distribution, substantial measurement and analysis of

internal processes.

 Business Economics

-The Bachelor of Science in Business Administration major in Business Economics

program (BSBA-BUSEC) is designed to provide students with a strong foundation and an

understanding of the world of economics, covering local and global economic conditions as

well as the methods and applications of economic analysis.

 Bachelor of Science in Accounting Information’s System

An Accounting Information Systems degree equips graduates to apply information systems

technology to accounting processes. While most accounting degrees do cover information systems,

this degree particularly focuses on the creation, deployment, and use of the information systems

that make accountants’ work more efficient.

 Bachelor of Science in Office Administration

designed to provide students with knowledge and skills in business management and office

processes needed in different workplaces such as general business offices, legal or medical offices.

 Bachelor of Science in Office Management

-One of the most important skills students learn is how to be proficient on various types of

relevant business software, such as Microsoft Office and QuickBooks. Students also learn the basic

functions of accounting, which often include data processing and spreadsheets. Collecting,

maintaining, and analyzing a business’ financial data are other important skills learned in these

programs. In some cases, internships are required as part of the curriculum. This degree program

prepares students to take jobs as office managers.

 Bachelor of Science in Office System Management

-The Degree program herein shall be called Bachelor of Science in Office System

Management, which shall adhere to the standards and policies of Bachelor of Science in Office

Management. The program aims to prepare the graduates for a career in Office Administration

especially in various general and specialized administrative supports, supervisory and managerial

positions. It also aims to equip graduates with the competencies, skills, and knowledge and work

values necessary for self-employment.

 Bachelor of Science in Business Management

In the BS in business management program, you learn steps to become a global citizen,

critical thinker and responsible leader. Study approaches to organizational development with an

emphasis on the practical aspects of change that improves effectiveness. Coursework in this
program allows you to review the foundations of business and receive an intense introduction to

management theories, concepts and practices relevant to today’s industries.

 Bachelor of Science in Customs Administration

-The Bachelor of Science in Customs Administration (BSCA) is a four-year college degree

course for individuals who wish to pursue a career in custom brokerage or in the field of

transportation and supply chain management. The program is designed to produce customs

brokers, freight forwarders, logistics managers, export-import managers and government customs

officers and employees.

 Bachelor of Science in Business Economics

The Bachelor of Science in Business Economics program provides an in-depth knowledge

and a wide range of skills to students regarding economic theories, organizational and financing

issues with the use of quantitative and analytical approach. It aims to produce graduates who are

competent in explaining economic issues of interest, and have access to economic data and

methods used in gathering them.

 Bachelor of Science in Finance

The Bachelor of Science in Finance (BSF) is designed to prepare students for professional

financial careers in industrial, financial, governmental, not-for-profit, and consulting

organizations. Students completing the BSF will be well prepared to sit for the first level of the

Certified Financial Analyst (CFA) or the Certified Financial Planning (CFP) exams. Exemplary

students may also choose to continue their education in one of Kogod’s master’s programs.
  Bachelor of Science in Financial Management

A financial management degree is a specialized one — ideal if you’re interested in advancing

your current career in financial services or in working at a management level with a financial focus.

It is more function-driven than a general business degree.

 Bachelor of Science in Entrepreneurship

The Bachelor of Science in Entrepreneurship is a four-year degree program which centers on

how to start and manage a business by combining management, accounting, finance, and

marketing principles. This program is designed in order to equip students with the necessary

knowledge and skills in identifying business opportunities, business planning, financing, company

valuation, and business management.

 Bachelor of Science in Legal Management

Bachelor of Science in Legal Management (BSLM) is a four-year degree program that aims

to provide basic knowledge in proper legislative proceedings, as well as an overview of the

Philippine Justice System. The BSLM program includes topics in the laws of business, obligations

and contracts, taxation, labor laws, and negotiable instruments. It also aims to teach students the

essentials of both Public and Business Management.

 Bachelor of science in Internal auditing

Graduates will have the knowledge, skills and discipline to operate effectively in an

organization, performing financial and operational audit functions as a member of an audit team.

 Bachelor of Science in Commerce

managerial skills, while at the same time building competence in a particular area of business (see

below). Most universities therefore, plan the degree such that in addition to their major, students

are exposed to general business principles, taking courses in accounting, finance, business

management, human resources, (business) statistics, marketing, and economics; some programs

also require (introductory) calculus and information systems. For a comparison with other business

degrees, see Business Education.

MAJOR IN:

 Computer Science

-This double degree will prepare you to embrace the challenge of today’s science and

technology industries as they meet the fast-paced world of business and finance. You’ll

study management, marketing, finance and accounting, as well as

 Economics

-This major provides an excellent education in the leading theories and concepts involved in

modern economics. The quantitative and analytical skills you acquire will enable you to

understand how individuals make optimal economic decisions, how organizations operate in

the global economy, and how governments respond to home and global economic challenges.

 Management

-The Bachelor of Commerce, with a major in Management, provides students with the

opportunity to study a broad spectrum of management units and to combine these studies with

practical experience through company visits, company-based projects and an internship.

Studies in Management provide a foundation that enables students to anticipate, manage and
 facilitate change in a rapidly evolving business and corporate world. Students have the

opportunity to reflect on the ethical issues of management and the challenges of global

responsibility.

 Marketing

-The major equips you for a professional career in marketing management. Units in the major

cover gathering information on consumer needs and the marketing environment, and look at

tools the marketer uses to satisfy those needs – the extended marketing mix. Lectures include

the latest developments in marketing theory illustrated with examples.

THESE COURSES BELOW, DEPENDS UPON YOUR

•Bachelor of Science in Tourism Management

-Bachelor of Science in Tourism Management is a four-year college course recommended for

people who wants to have a career in the field of Tourism and Event Management. This course

leads to expertise in management of tour-operating agencies, as well as other jobs in the tourism

and hospitality sector.

 Bachelor of Science in Tourism

-Bachelor of Science in Tourism in the Philippines is a four-year collegiate degree program offered

to individuals who are interested in making a career in the area of travel and tour industry. The

course aims to develop students who will become qualified personnel, administrators and

entrepreneurs in the tourism industry.

 Bachelor of Science in Travel Management

various components related to the travel and tour industry, including tour and travel operations,

events management, allied services, entertainment and recreation, tourism research and education

and tourism planning and development.

 Bachelor of Science in Culinary Management

The BS Culinary Management program is designed to prepare students to become highly skilled

and disciplined culinary professionals. Courses embedded in the program will equip students with

a foundation and specialization in the culinary arts and food service management fields through a

combination of classroom activities, laboratory and field experiences. The program also aims to

develop students’ creativity, leadership and managerial skills.

 Bachelor of Science in Hotel and Restaurant Management

-The Bachelor of Science in Hotel and Restaurant Management (BSHRM) program is geared

towards equipping students with the necessary knowledge, skills and attitude to provide quality

service in the hospitality industry. The program contains subjects that will address the needs of

different sectors in the hospitality industry, such as culinary, front office, tourism, resort and hotel

operations. Its primary concentration is on the development of practical and management skills

which are achieved through the combination of theoretical classes, practicum exercises and

experiential learning. [1]

Our Ticket to the Corporate World

The Senior High School as part of the K+12 Curriculum is new in our educational system,

but in the contrary, these added two years in basic education will provide an opportunity for
everyone to be equally well-prepared for a college education academically. In Senior High School

there are four career tracks for students to choose from: Academic, Technical-Vocational-

Livelihood, Sports, and Art & Design. One of the strands in Academic track is Accountancy and

Business Management (ABM) which offers subjects which will help and open our minds into the

business world therefore, become the ticket to the corporate world. The purpose of writing the

literature is to highlight and broaden the knowledge of the students of what ABM really is. The

literature review focuses on the ABM strand, for the students to have a background knowledge

about it, to let them know what are the possible courses they can take up in college in line with the

said strand and the potential jobs they can acquire in the future.

Philippines competed globally and have been the country with the strongest economic

growth in Asia, having 7.1% Growth Domestic Product (GDP). As our economic rate increases,

more jobs are being available and according to Jodi Chavez, president of Randstad Professionals,

job opportunities in finance and accounting have increased with the growing economy making it

the most in demand career in the year 2017. Business is the backbone of a country’s economy,

which explains why a lot of the most in demand careers are in the business sector. The author

provided an overview of the available literature about Senior High School in regard to the ABM

strand. The review of literature was very detailed and contains various knowledge about

Accountancy and Business Management. The objective of writing the literature review is to notify

the students about the suitable jobs for them within the ABM strand and to encourage them to take

up the said strand. The procedures done to attain the statistical results were adequate and were

explained. The author also included sources which helped to achieve the strengthen the study, to

make it evident.
 Accountancy and Business Management (ABM) strand offers subjects which will help and

open our minds into the business world, therefore, become the ticket to the corporate world. And

as our economy grows through the years, more and more job opportunities are being available, and

as of this year, 2017, accounting and finance related jobs are the most sought jobs around the

world. Overall, the purpose of writing the literature is to highlight and broaden the knowledge of

the students of what ABM is and encourage them to take up the said track. The author’s objectives

were reasonable and attainable and the article was relevant and convincing. The literature review

answered all the questions about ABM track clearly. The article also included enough information

to fulfill the anticipation of the students to gain knowledge about ABM. [2]

Through the implementation of Republic Act (RA) 10533 or K-12 Program during the

Aquino III administration an additional 2 years in High School, called Senior High School, was

added to the curriculum. The researchers used structured questionnaire and Google form to

properly disseminate the questions. The result of the gathered data showed that 80.67% of the

strands of the 119 pioneer SHS graduates of Bulacan State University Laboratory High School are

aligned to their current course. The researchers also determined that (a) Strong Desire/Interest in

the Course, (b) Possible Financial Outcome, and (c) Employment Prospects were the 3 major

factors that contributed to their decision in enrolling in their current course. The researchers

concluded that the respondents chose their course according to their interest in their future

profession and future financial and employment matters in connection to their previous Senior

High School strands. The researchers recommend this research to be conducted with the

succeeding batch of Senior High School of Bulacan State University Laboratory High School to

determine if the administrators and coordinators continuously do the mandatory guides and
seminars for their students and to determine whether the students planned beforehand for their

future. [3]

Synthesis

Being an Accountancy, Business and Management students is not easy. You will have a

better understanding of all topics relating to business finance, economics, and marketing. ABM is

not just focusing on how will you manage your business, it also tackles about payment that you

are going to pay, the risk in managing business and on how for your business to be successful.

Being ABM student is challenging because you will learn the reality of life in this world. First and

foremost, taking the ABM strand track will allow you many opportunities to start and run your

own business. You will be trained in practicing proper time management and develop many other

skills that are going to be applicable for almost any career path that you choose to pursue.

Communication skills, finance skills, collaboration skills, analytical skills, and time objectives are

some positive effect that you can learn in taking ABM strand. And another advantage of taking

ABM strand is having a lot of courses or college program in line with than other strand. It also

offers subject which will help and open our minds into the business world, therefore, become the

ticket to the corporate world. And our economy grows throughout the years, more and more job

opportunities are being available.

[1] (Antonio, Y. (2018). “ADVANTAGE OF TAKING AN ABM STRAND IN SHS”. Retrieved

from https://jumbohakdogs.home.blog/2018/11/24/advantage-of-taking-an-abm-strand-in-shs/)

[2] (Sparks, N. (2017). “Accountancy and Business Management Strand: Our Ticket to the

Corporate World”. Retrieved from

https://nicholasparksbooks.wordpress.com/2017/03/05/literature-review/)

[3] (Santos, J., Blas, LC., Panganiban, AJ., Reyes, KC. & Sayo, JC,. (2019). “Alignment of Senior

High School Strand in College Course”. Retrieved from

https://ssrn.com/abstract=3441109 or http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3441109)